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JAINA BIBLIOGRAPHY
216 HUNTER, WILLIAM Wilson. The Indian Empire : Its Peoples, History and Products. New and Revised Edition. London, 1892.
Pp. 205-208. The Jains--Jain doctrines-Jain temple cities--Relation of Jainism to Buddhism-Jains earlier than Buddhists, Antiquity of the Jains-Jacobi's investigation of the question-Jainism older than Buddhism--Date of Jain Scriptures-Jains an independent sect-Modern Jainism, etc.
217 BETTANY, G. T. The Il'orld's Inhabitants ; or, Mankind, Animals,, and Plants. Third Edition. London, etc., 1892.
Pp. 307-308. Representation of Buddhism in India by the Jains. Their difference from Buddhism-Their belief in a sort of pantheism, Their wealth and influence-Their tenderness to animal life-Their temples and pilgrimages.
218
• OPPERT, GUSTAV. On the Original Inhabitants of Bhāratvarsa or India. Westminster and Leipzig, 1893.
P. 62. Influence of the Jains strongest in towns where the artisan classes form an important and powerful portion of the population, while the Brahmans appealed to the land owning and the agricultural classes, whom they won over by entreaties or by threats.
P. 67. Tiru Vallava Nāyanār, author of the Tamil work, the Kural, showed in his writings a knowledge of, and tendency towards, Jainism-The Jains use the title Nāvanār as an honorific appellation.
P. 100. Buddhist and Jain missionaries the first preachers and religious teachers devoted to the indigenous population. This is, perhaps, why a temple, more particularly of Buddhistic and Jain, is called
a palli.
P. 236. Adoption of the Jain faith by the Kurumbas who became bigoted adherents of this sect-Campaign of Ananda Chola to crush the
