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EPIGRAPHIA INDICA.
[VOL. XVII.
defeated Ayavēl in battles at Sengodi and Pudānkodu, destroyed the Mahār:thas at the big town (Mahānagara) of Migalspuram and stamped the symbols of the bow, the tiger and the fish on the big mountain, viz., the Himalayas. This shows his supreme authority over the Chēra, Chola and Pandya countries, whose symbols were the bow, the tiger and the fish, respectively. His son was Tēr-Māran who routed his enemies at Neduvayal, Kurumadai, Mangi-Kurichchi, Tirumangai, Pūvalūr and Kodumbāļür, defeated the P:llaval king and captured his elephants and horses in the battle of Kulumbūr, crushed his enemies at Periyalür crossed the Kāviri (i..., the river Kāvēri), subdued (the country of) Mala-Kongam, reached Pāņdi-! Kodumidi, worshipped Pasupati (i.e., Siva), contracted marriage relations with Gangarāja' and renewed the fortifications of Kūďal, Vanji and Kõli. His son was Parāntaka Neduñjadaiyan, who drove the Kādava (i..., the Pallava) into the forest, after defeating him in the battle of Pennāgadam on the southern bank of the river Kåviri and won a battle at Națţukkurumbu driving away the Ayavel and the Kurumbas to the forest. This king possessed a long list of birudas such as Srivaran, Sina-chChölan, Puna-pPaliyan, etc., enumerated in Il. 98 ff.
In the third year of the reign of this last mentioned king, a man having arrived at Kidal with a loud complaint, the king himself enquired into the matter with kind words and hearing from him how his village Vēļvikudi in Paganir-karram, originally granted under that name by his ancestor, the great king (Parumēšvaran) Palyāgamudukudumi Peruvaludi, was resumed by the Kalabhra and had since then remained so even after the resumption of Government by tne Pāņdyes, he ordered the applicant to produce the necessary evidence before the nādu to prove that the village was his from early times and thus to get it back. The complainant proved his claim accordingly and the king renewed the grant to the applicant Kāmakkāņi Narchingan, the headman of Korkai. The āņatti of the grant WAS Madavikalan Mārangāri alias Müvēndamangala-Ppēraraiyan, the crest-jewel of the Vaidyakas and a native of Karavandepura, and a favourite of the king of kings (i.e., the Pandya king Neduñjadaiyan). It is stated of this Mārangári that he fought bravely in the fight that ensued between the kings of the Eastern country (Purva-rājar) and Vallabha on the occasion when the daughter of Gangaraja (the Ganga king) was procured for Kongar-kon.
Ll. 134 to 141 repeat that the owner of this brahmadêya (viz., Vélvikudi) was Kāmakkāņi Suvaran-Singan, the headman of Korkai, by which perhaps the Narchingan, just mentioned, must be referred to. The composer of the Tamil prasasti was the Senapati Enādi alias Sattap Sattan. This brings us to the end of the Tamil portion. The next Sanskrit verse speaking of the ajñapti of the grant says that he was Mangalarāja Madhuratara, & Vaidyaka and a master of the Sastras, & poet and an orator. Then follow four imprecatory verses which are expressly stated to be quoted from the Vaishṇava-Dharma. A Tamil prose passage coming after this says that the king himself ordered the engraving of this copper-plate grant and that the engraver was a certain Yuddhakēsari Perumbanaikkaran.
In noticing these plates in his Annual Report on Epigraphy for 1908, pp. 50 ff., Mr. Venkayya has already made it clear how Kalpa-kshayāt in v. 4 has to be understood with reference to the traditional account of the deluges or tidal wave in the Pandya country and to the survival of a king of the old Pandya line of the race of the Moon and in all respects corresponding," under the name Budha. Similarly also, the mythical boast of the Pandya kings to have engraved their crest on the top of the Himalayas and to have shared one-half of Indra's throne and worn the garland of the king of the gods, has been shown to occur frequently in the later Pandya inscriptions. Palyāgamudukudumi-Peruvaludi is a historically famous Påndya king in whose honour
1 The name of this Pallava king, which begins with Se, is hopelessly damaged on the inpression. · Evidently the same mentioned in connection with the next king, his son Noduñjadaiyan. ► Old Madura is supposed to have been washed away by the sea : see commentary on 4gapporul, p. 4.
