Terminology of Jainism

Author(s): Dinesh Vora
Publisher: Dinesh Vora
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/007589/1

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DER MONOLOGY OG QAONOOM DINESH VORA KALPAVRAKSHA KUND SPIRITUAL SYMBOL PUNYA PROGRESS PROSPERITY TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 1 of 271

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OM-SOUND OF KALPA TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM JAIN O DIVYADHWANI TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA VRAKSHA DINESH VORA BC UNIVERSE FIRST EDITION OCTOBER 2011 Page 2 of 271

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bhayAna FIRST JAIN TIRTHANKAR LORD RISHABHDEV TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA TWENTYFOURTH AND LAST JAIN TIRTHANKAR LORD MAHAVEERASWAMI JAMBUDWIPA Page 3 of 271

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The wheel on the palm is the Jain Vow of Ahimsa or Non-violence The word in the middle is "Ahimsa" or Non-violence. The wheel represents the dharmachakra, to halt the cycle of reincarnation through the pursuit and practice of spiritual truth of our universe. Wan The swastika is among the holiest of Jain symbols. Worshippers use rice grains to create a swastika around the temple altar. The holiest symbol is a simple swastika. A Jain swastika is normally associated with the three dots on the top accompanied with a crest and a dot TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 4 of 271

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TWENTY FOUR LORD TIRTHANKARAS # NAMES 1. Lord Rishabhadeva (Aadinaatha) 2. Lord Ajitanaatha 3. Lord Sambahavanaatha 4. Lord Abhinandananaatha 5. Lord Sumatinaatha 6. Lord Padmaprabha 7. Lord Supaarshvanaath 8. Lord Chandraprabhu 9. 10. Lord Sheetalanaatha Lord Pushpadanta (Suvidhinaatha) 11. Lord Shreyaansanaatha 12. Lord Vaasupoojya 13. Lord Vimalanaatha 14. Lord Anantanaatha 15. Lord Dharmanaatha 16. Lord Shantinaatha 17. Lord Kunthunaatha 18. Lord Arahnaatha 19. Lord Mallinaatha 20. Lord Munisuvrata 21. Lord Naminaatha 22. Lord Neminaatha 23. Lord Parshvanaatha 24. Lord Mahaaveera (Vardhamaana) TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA CHINHA OR SYMBOL Bull or Ox (Bell) Elephant (Haathi) Horse (Ghoda) Monkey (Bandar) Red Goose (Kronch Pakshi) Lotus (Kamal) Swastika Chandrama (Moon) Crocodile (Magarmaccha) Kalpavriksha (Ficus Religiosa) Rhinoceros (Genda) Female Buffalo (Bhaisa) Shukar Falcon (Baaj) Vajra (Thunderbold) Deer (Haran) He-Goat (Bakra) Fish (Maachhali) Jar (Kalash) Tortoise (Kachhua) Blue Lotus (Haraa Kamal) Conch (Shankha) Snake (Naaga) Lion (Siha) Page 5 of 271

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Depiction of Siddha Shila as per Jain cosmology, which is abode of infinite Siddhas. Siddhas Abode of liberated beings Lakakas Space Deva - The Abode of the demigods and heavenly beings Midde Level: Abode of Humans and Animals Nara Abode of Het beings Ala Space outside the Structure of Universe as per the Jain Scriptures. According to Jain beliefs, the universe was never created, it is self managed, and it will never cease to exist. Therefore, it is shaswat (eternal) from that point of view. TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 6 of 271

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Elephant Symbol of Lord Ajithaath SAMARPANA Jai Jinendra This publication "Terminology of Jainism" designed to serve as "opol Aulas glve slu" is dedicated to my wife Saroj whose continuous insistance for Jain Swadhyaaya of Jain scriptures, precious religious books and magazines almost everyday at home brought this collection of interpretation of Jain spiritual technical words in a religious book form. I hope this helps simplify the understanding of Jainism to us. Lion Symbol of Lord Mahavura TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 7 of 271

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INDEX INDEX (1) MANGLACHARANA - (Auspicious Initiation) (2) ALPHABETIC LISTING - A TO Z Page 1 Page Page A 16 J 106 S 188 B 62 K c 72 L 130 U 234 D 78 M 134 v 244 E 92 N 143 W - F - 0 158 X - G 95 P 159 Y 262 H 101 Q - Z I 103 R 184 (3) EXCERPTS FROM THE JAIN TENETS Jain 2 Swastika TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 8 of 271

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TWENTY FOUR TITHANKARS MANGLACHARANA - (Auspicious Initiation) Jain Manglacharana Vidhi (A Jain Auspicious Initiation Procedure) maMgalAcaraNa - maMgala eTale pApane gALe ane sukhane Ape. arihaMtAdika parama iSTa ane maMgaLa cheane temAM bhaktibhAva karatA parama maMgala thAya che koi paNa kAryanI zarUAta karatA pahelA A pramANe arihaMtAdikane namokAra mahAmaMtra dvArA ApaNI bhakti arpaNa karIne zubha bhAvo pragaTa karIe chIe. Ama maMgala zarUAta karatA vighna vInA kAryonI sidhdhI thAya che, A jaina saMskRti (culture) sarvatra jaino pALatA jovA maLaze. [1] Begin with JAIN GREETINGS JAI JINENDRA (Glory to the Lord Jinendras) jaya jInendra [2] Followed by the Great NAMOKAARA MAHAMANTRA (1) Chant Namokara mahamantra Three times, or (2) Chant Namokara mahamantra one time followed by Chattari Mangalam and Bhaava Namaskara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 9 of 271

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NAMOKARA MAHAMANTRA - (The Great Obeisance Mantra) - Obeisance to Arihantas - Obeisance to Siddhas - Obeisance to Acharyas - Obeisance to Upadhyayas - Obeisance to all Sadhus of the Universe This five-fold Obeisance Mantra - Destroys all sins and obstacles - And of all auspicious repetitions Namo Arihantanama Namo Siddhanama Namo Airiyanama Namo Uvajjhayanama Namo Loe Savva Sahunama Eso Pancha Namukkaro Savva Pavappanasano Mangalanam Cha Savvesim Paddhamam Havaee Mangalam - Is the first and foremost namo arihaMtANaM namo sidhdhANaM namo AyariyANaM namo uvajjAyANaM namo loe savvasAhuNaM eso paMca namukkAro savva pAva paNAsaNo maMgalALa ca savvesim paDhamaM havaI maMgalaM TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 10 of 271

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Lord Tirthankara Shree Kanji Swami Simandhara Swami [3] Followed by CHATT ARI MANGALAM - (Fourfold Auspiciousity) One time Chattari Mangalam - Fourfold is the auspicious; Arinhanta Mangalam - The auspicious is Arihanta; Siddha Mangalam - The auspicious is Siddha; Sahu Mangalam - The auspicious is Sadhu; Kevali Pannatto Dhammo Mangalam - The auspicious is the religion expounded by omniscient Jineswars. Chattari Loguttama - Fourfold is the best in the universe; Arihanta Loguttama - The best in the universe is Arihanta; Siddha Loguttama - The best in the universe is Siddha; Sahu Loguttama - The best in the universe is Sadhu; Kevali Pannatto Dhammo Loguttama - The best in the universe is the religion expounded by omniscient Jineswaras. Chattari Saranam Pavvajjami - Fourfold is the source of refuge; Arihanta Saranam Pavvajjami - The source of refuge is Arihanta; Siddha Saranam Pavvajjami - The source of refuge is Siddha; Sahu Saranam Pavvajjami - The source of refuge is Sadhu; Kevali Pannatto Dhammo Saranam Pavvajjami - The source of refuge is the religion expounded by omniscient Jineswaras. TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 11 of 271

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(3.1) CHATT ARI MANGALAM in GUJARATI cattArI maMgala arihaMtA maMgala siddhA maMgala sAhU maMgala kevali patto ghamo maMgala cattArI loguttamAM arihaMtA lAguttamAM siddhA loguttamA sAhU lAguttamAM kevali pannAro ghamo lAguttamA cattArI saraNe pavanjAmi arihaMtA saraNe pavanjAmi siddhA saraNe pavanjAmi sAhU saraNe pavanjAmi kevali pannaro ghamo saraNe pavanjAmi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 12 of 271

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CHOUMUKHI PARASWANATH ACHARYA AKUNDA KUNDA SWAMI [4] Followed by BHAAVA NAMASKAARA - (Bowing with Adored feelings) One time Mangalam Bhagawana Veero Mangalam Gautamo Gani Mangalam Kundkundaryo Jaindharmo-a-stu Mangalam - The Auspicious is Lord Mahaveera; - The Auspicious is Guatama Ganadhara; - The Auspicious is arya Kundakundacharya; - The Auspicious is Jain religion. Mangalam Bhagawana Veero Mangalam Gautamo Gani Mangalam Sthulibhadracharya Jaindharmo-a-stu Mangalam - The Auspicious is Lord Mahaveera; - The Auspicious is Guatama Ganadhara; - The Auspicious is arya Sthulibhadracharya; - The Auspicious is Jain religion. Sarva Mangala Mangalyama Sarva Kalyana Karanama Pradhanama Sarva Dharmanama Jainama Jayatu Shasanam - The most auspicious of all auspicious things - The cause of all blessed things - The paramount of all the religions - The glory of the kingdom of Jainism prevails TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 13 of 271

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(4.1) BHAAVA NAMASKAARA IN GUJARATI TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA maMgalaM bhagavAna vIro maMgalaM gautamo gaNI maMgala kuMdakuMdAAryo jaina gharmoastu maMgalaM maMgalaM bhagavAna vIro maMgala gautamo gaNI maMgalaM sthulIbhadrAryo jaina gharmoastu maMgalaM sarva maMgalaM mAMgalyama sarva kalyANa kAraNama praghAnama sarva gharmANama jainama jayatuM zAsanama Page 14 of 271

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[5] Ending Mangaacharana With Jai Jinendra JAI JINENDRA (Glory to the Lord Jinendras) jaya jInendra [6] Start the Jain function, swadhyaya, process, ceremony, writing, reading etc. PRONUNCIATIONS OF JAIN WORDS: A or a = CUT, A or a or aa = ALMOND, E ore =APPLE, EE or ee =TEETH, I or i = HIM, O oro = OAT, 00 or oo = MOON, U or u = PUT, AU or au =NOW, AI or ai =RAIN, G or g = GO, N or n = Panee (Gujarati word for water), s or s at the end of the jain word indicates plural of the same word without s or s e.g. Khsetra(area), Khsetras or Khsetras (areas). zrImad rAjacaMdra JAIN LAXMIDEVI SRIMAD RAJCHANDRA JAIN SARSWATIDEVI TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 15 of 271

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A (Alphabetic listing A) JAIN WORD Aabhaasa (AbhAsa) Aabhinibodhika gnaana Aachaara Aachaarya Aacharana Aacharvu Aadaana Aadaana bhaya Aadaana nikshepana samiti Aadaan-pradaana Aadanda Aadara Aadhaara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA MEANING Fallacy (Bhrama) Sensory knowledge; Matignaana Conduct; Practice Minister and Head of mendicants; Head ascetic of the holy order of the Jainas; The head of the order of the saints (Sadhus); Supreme head of all saints or ascetics; A Sadhu who has learnt, mastered, taught religious scriptures, follows them, and is now the head of a Sangh; Head of a mendicant group, spiritual leader and monk-scholar Practice dharmaacharana i.e. religion To conduct Property; Assimilation (mixing); Accept Fear of property theft (1) Actions careful to others; (2) Careful in lifting and laying down; (3) Carefulness in taking and placing things; (4) Carefulness in putting clothes and other things on (5) Carefulness in laying and receiving Give and Take Sinless activity Adore; Respect Support; Substratum; Container; Datum; Support, prop; Refuge; Proof; Ground, basis; Fulcrum; Receptacle; Location: Sense of the locative case Page 16 of 271

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Aadhaarabhuta Aadhi (Bell) Aadhina Aadi Aadiman Aadinaatha Risabha (Bulletle 22464) Aadinnadana Aagama Authentic; Authoritative; Reliable Mental distress (one of Adhi, Vyadhi and Upadhi trio term Aadhi - mental worry, Vyadhi - suffering from disease and Upadhi - problem of old age) Subjugated; Obedient; Submission; Dominate With beginning; Beginingful. With beginning; Beginingful. The first tirthankara of the Jaina order, who was not only the first monarch on earth, but was first in all respects, because of which he is called Adinaatha, or Lord of Genesis. He taught men arts and crafts and gave them the first Canons and the Brahmi script. See Adattadana Jain Scripture; Jain Canonical literature; Original Scriptures of Jain Religion; It is testimony of an authority that is pure and perfect; It is aptavachana; Verbal testimony Supported by Lord Tirthankar's divya-dhwani or Jinvani; Scriptural proof False/Pseudo-scriptures Induction Instruction; Canons; Order Instructional predilection(predisposition in favor of something) Meal; Food; Intake of food; Nourishment; Intake Food donation Purpose of food A monk with his thumb and four fingers of right hand Aagama pramaana Aagamaabhaasa Aagamana Aagnaa Aagnaa ruche Aahaara Aahaara daana Aahaara hetu Aahaara mudraa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 17 of 271

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Aahaara sangnaa Aahaara varganaa Aahaaraka Aahaaraka kaayayoga Aahaaraka labdhi Aahaaraka samudghaata Aahaaraka sharira Aahaarana Aahvaana Aakaasha joined together resting on his shoulder when he goes for begging food is called food pose. Food instinct Intake variform; Food variform; Body making Assimilating; Capable of taking (gas, light, or liquids) into a solution; Assimilative; Projectable body Activity of translocational body Extra-ordinary power of translocation Translocational body emanation/extrication Miraculous projectable or translocation body Intake, Assimilation Invocation; A prayer asking God's help as part of a religious service; Invitation Space; Stratum(layer); Receptacle; It is space; It accommodates the substances like jiva, dharma, adharma, pudgala and kala. Space substance Walking in sky Repent; Criticize Possessionlessness; Non-attachment Regular order One who has attained spiritual authority; Authentic; The authentic authoritative source of true scriptures i.e. Arahanta, Jina Kevlin, Teerthankara). One of the six divisions of time in one half of the time cycle. Runs from thousands to billions of years. We are currently in the 5th ara of the descending half of the time cycle, which started some 2500 years ago. Aakaasha dravya Aakaashgami Aalochanaa Aankichanya Aanupurvi puva Aapta Aaraa (uleL) TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 18 of 271

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Aaraadhanaa (ArAdhanA). Aaradhaka Aarambha Aarambhi hinsa Aaratee (A2L) Aarjava |(1) Acts or activities specifically religious of achieving or accomplishing desired religious or spiritual goals; |(2) Divine service; (3) Worship to lord; (3) Adoration to lord; (4) Strong admiration; (6) Kriya Worshiper: Aspirant Commencement; Activities of cutting act; Sinful activities and Occupation; Commence or Commencement; Commission Injury which happens Waving lamps; Ennui i.e. The feeling of being bored by something tedious; Worship of idol with waving lamp; The Lamp waving ceremony before idol Straightforwardness unavoidably in the performance of various duties and rituals Sorrowful The lowest form of meditation as identified by the Jains. Its object is two-fold: a desire to get rid of an undesired thing, and a desire to get back a dear and coveted thing. This characterizes the thinking of all human beings. Noble people; Civilized people; A human race. Arya land or basically India Noble truth Nobleman's teaching; Novel teaching Disregard Posture Aarta Aarta dhyaana Aarya Aarya desa Aarya-staya Aarya-vachana Aasaadana Aasana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 19 of 271

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Aasana-pana-khadim-swadim Four food items as follows: * Bread, rice that constitute the main meal * All drinks Fruits Betel, chewing spices taken after meal, jaggery, honey, etc. Aashrama Aashrava Aashrava anupreksaa Aashrava bhaava Aashravadvara Aashrava-nirodha Aashraya Life stage (total four); Hermitage |(1) Influx; (2) Accumulation; (3) Passional dispositions; (4) Inflow of karma; (5) See Navatattva; (6) Influx of karmic matter towards a soul to stick with it; (7) Influx of the karmic matter into the soul passionnel disposition (8) Karmic influx ne of the nine tattvas Influxal reflection Passionate dispositions Channels for in-flux; Influx doors Cessation of in-flux Refuge; Shelter; Support; Basis; Substratum; Repository; Support; Faith; Trust; Belief Self protection Self mode; Like; Similar; Identical Welfare of the self or soul Self absorbedness Praising one self Believer in the self Living being; Soul; Self; Spirit Aasthaa Aatam-raksaa Aatam-rupa Aatma hita Aatma linataa Aatma prasansaa Aatma vaadi Aatmaa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 20 of 271

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Aatmaa aashrita Aatmaa bhaava Aatmaa bhuta Aatmaa dhyaana Aatmaa gnaana Aatmaa gnaani Aatmaangula Aatmaanubhava Aatmaartha Aatmabhraanti Based on soul Dispositions of the self Integral; Identical Engrossed in self meditation Self consciousness Self enlightened Breadth of self finger; 108th part of body height; A length unit Self experience The interest or benefit of the soul A wrong sense about self (soul) or not knowing the one's own self Inseperable differentia Self-Doctor Subjective Realization of the self Self-condemnation; Self-deprecation Aatmabhuta laksana Aatma-chikitsaka Aatma-gata Aatma-gnaana Aatma-nindaa (BALCH ollel) Aatmapada Aatma-parinaama Aatma-purushaartha Aatmarthi Aatmasaata Aatmasama Aatmasanyam Aatmasiddhi Aatmasraya doshha Aatmasukha Moksha or salvation Subjective modes Personal spiritual effort Aspirant for soul Aatma grahana; To learn the knowledge by soul Self-subduer Self-constraint Self-realisation Self dependence flaw Inner happiness TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 21 of 271

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Aatmaswarupa Aatmavaada Aatmavikaasa Aavaarya Aavaasa Aavashyaka Aavasyakaparihani Aavirbhaava Aavirbhoota Aavrata Aayambila Aayu Aayu-karma Nature of Soul Doctrine of soul Self-upliftment Appropriate to cover Residential dwellings Essential Duties; Essentials; Dispassionation devices; Scriptures Regular performance of dispassion devices/essential duties. Appearance Realize To cover An austerity with single item food; Tasteless food. Age; Longevity; Life-span Karma that determines the span of a given lifetime; Longevity-determining karma Longetivity; An aghati karma that determines how long you will live Unrestrained; Unimpeded |(1) Induction period; (2) Quiescence; (3) The time karma has not come to active state i.e it is dormant; (4) It refers to the duration of time between the bondage of the karma and the fruition of the karma i.e., the potential state of the karmic effect Non subject to bondage Non-language Non-existence; Negation; Absence; Non-being Non-edible Aayushya Abaadhaka Abaadhakaala Abandha Abhaasa Abhaava Abhaksya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 22 of 271

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Abhavya Abhavya jiva Abhaya Abhayadaana Abhayantara tapa Abheda Abhi Abhidheya Abhigama Abhigata Abhigraha Incapable for liberation; Non- liberatable; One who is incapable of attaining moksha The soul or person, who is not capable of liberation; Unable to liberate from the mundane existence Freedom from fear (1) Assurance of safety; (2) Securital donation; (3) A promise of gift of Non-intimidation. Internal austerity |(1) Identity; (2) Compactness; (3) Closeness; (4) Identical; (5) Indivisible; (6) Unity Express Subject matter; To be expressed, to be spoken, to be mentioned, signification, meaning Knowledge Acquired Secret resolution; Mental resolve; Resolution; Express the insistence |(1) It is the state of mind, which is dogmatic, and which affirms that a particular view is right and all other are wrong; (2) It is the form of mithyatva or dogmatic assertion Deliberate; It is the mithyatva or perversity of belief, which is acquired due to the teaching of others. Repeated; Perpetual Desire To tend or incline towards something say religion Mind towards Fourth Teerthankara Abhigrahika Abhigrahita (Buchbilerul) Abhiksna Abhilaashhaa (abhilASA) Abhimukha Abhimukhataa Abhinandananaatha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 23 of 271

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Abhinibodha/mati Abhinigraha Abhinivartana Abhiniversa Abhipraaya Abhirama Abhisambhuta Abhisanjata Abhisava Abhishheka ( as) Inferential Knowledge; Sensory knowledge Taken up; Grasp; Restrain Get rid of Attachment; Obstinacy Notion; Opinion; Belief Enjoy Embryo stage Fetus stage Intoxicating food |(1) Annoint; (2) Administer an oil or ointment to often in a religious ceremony of blessing; (3) Anointing ceremony; (4) Anointment i.e. The act of applying oil, or other oily or similar liquid to Lord's idol; (5) Anointing ceremony; (6) Bathing Distress; In front of sun or fire Abhitaapa (Buellalu) Abhiyogi bhavanaa Abhiyukta Abhudaya Abhutartha Abhyaantara Abhyaantaropadhi Abhyaanugata Abhyakhyaana Abhyutthana Abrahma Desire of performing miracles (by monks). Keeping under control Worldly prosperity Unreal Internal Renounciation of internal Permitted Malign; Evil or harmful in nature or influence Embrace (respectful); Rise Incontinence; Indiscipline with regard to sensuous pleasures Unchastity; Abstinence Abrahmacharya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 24 of 271

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Abrahmavarganaa Abudhdhi gochara Achakshu Achakshu darshana Achaksudarsanavarana Achaksurdarshana Achala (2431C) Achala matra Achalataa Achalavali Achalavali Abandonment of incontinence Cannot be perceived at the intellect level Non-ocular Non-ocular perception; Non-visual or non-ocular conation Non-visual conation obscuring Perception by means of the senses other than visual Invariant; Stable; Everlasting; Immutable; Action less; Immovable; Indisputable; Absolute; Undeniable Invariant Mass Being immobile Invariant trail The time of incapability of fruition; Fruitional incapability period Clothlessness Boiled water Sour food; Single item food; Light food Devoid of right conduct Good conduct quality Non-stealing Vow of non theft; Vow of non-stealing Monk without cloth; Non-clothed; A-clothed Without activity In-animate; Non-living; Lifeless Inanimate; Insentient; Non consciousness; Insentient; Material; Inanimate; Non metal |(1) Inconceivable; (2) Incomprehensible; (3) Inconceivable form or action; (4) Beyond thinking and Achalekya Achamaka Achamla Acharitra Acharvatva Achaurya Achauryanuvrata Achelaka Achestaa Acheta Achetana Achintya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 25 of 271

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Achitta Achittakarana Adarshana Adarshana parisaha Adattadana Adattadanavirati Adattahara Adavaita Addhasamaya Addhi Adesa Adeya Adhaha Adhahakarma Adhaka Adhakala imagining capacity (5) Unthinkable In-animate; Non-living; Lifeless Sterlisation; In-animation; De-animation Lack of knowledge; Non-conation; Non-faith Non-faithful afflication Appropriation of non-given; Accepting not given; See also vratas Abstinence from taking of not given Taking of food not given Nondual; Monism Ultimate time unit, time; It refers to time or the indivisible part of time 2-1/2 Two and one-half Enquiry; Investigation Lustrous body; A karma credible speech. Downward Injurious actions A measure; 3,729 kg. It is the duration of time from the bondage of the karma to the rise of the karmic effect |(1) Demerit; (2) Anti-ether i.e. Medium of Rest; (3) Unrighteousness; (4) The unrighteous attitude which is responsible for the downfall of the soul in the spiritual path (5) Gravitation/non-religion Principle of rest Anti-ether Contained; Supported Two and a half; 2-1/2 Adharma Adharmadravya Adharmashtikaaya Adheya Adhhi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 26 of 271

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Adhigama Adhigama para Adhigama sva Adhikarana Adhikaraniak Adhisahana Adhobhaaga Adhogati Adholoka Adholoka siddha Adhovadhika Adhovyatikrama Adhruva anupreksa Adhruvabandha |(1) Sense experience of the objects; (2) Knowledge; (3) Acquisition of knowledge by extgernal source Knowledge by teacher or other guru etc. Knowledge by self Locus; Substratum or sublayer Instrumental; Locative Bearing pain with calmness Lower portion Motion downwards, lower destinity. Downward or Fall (1) Lower part of universe; (2) Lower world; (3) The home of infernal beings Salvated from lower world A variety of clairvoyance Lower reverse sequence Reflation on transitoriness |(1) The bondage of the karmic matter of a soul in the cases where there is the possibility of the non-bondage of the karmic matter and the consequent freedom from bondage; (2) Non-permanent bondage, Non-polar bond It refers to the psychic attitude by which there is the possibility of bondage or there may not be any bondage of any karma. Transient grasping The rise of the satavedaniya karma etc., on subsequent occasions due to the non-destructions of the previous dispositions. Path Repeated reflection Adhruvabandhini Adhruvagrahi Adhruvodaya Adhvana Adhyaana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 27 of 271

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Adhyaasa Adhyaatma Adhyaatma yogi Adhyaatmika Adhyaropa Adhyavadaya Adhyavasaana Adhyayana Adrasta Agaanavichaya Agala Agamya Agarha Agari Agati Aghaati Aghaatiya Aghaatiya-karma Aghanadhara Agnaana Agnaana chetna TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Attribution; Superimposition Spiritual conduct; Spiritual looking Spiritual person Pertaining to study of Soul or Theological study; Spiritual Attribution; Superimposition Mental effort Determinate cognition, thought condition, determination Lecture; Chapter; Study Past Karmas; Providential; Providence Doctrine oriented righteous meditations; Contemplation on Jina instructions Premature realization; Gulp The reason which can not be known or told or described Nonblaming Householder Absence of motion The four types of karmas whose powers are much milder than those of the four-ghati karmas. These powers end at the end of a life. Non-destructive Non-dustructive Karma Non-cube sequence (1) Ignorance due to the perversity of attitude which arises due to the rise of jnanavaraniya karma; (2) Ignorantial flow; (3) Ignorance; (4) Ne-science; (5) False cognitive Nescient conscious; Karma and karma phal chetna Page 28 of 271

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Agnaana mithyaatva Agnaana nivratti Agnaana parisaha Agnaana vrata Agnaanavaada Agnaani Agnaanika-mithyaatva Agnaapini bhaasa Agnaatabhaava Agni Agnikaayika Agraheeta Agrahita mithyaatva Agrantha Agra-pinda Agravija Agupta Agurulaghu Ignorant belief Cessation of Ne-science Ignorance; Affliction Vow of an ignorant Agnosticism; ignorantism; Ignorantialism One devoid of right knowledge Wrong belief due to indiscrimination Instructional language Unknowingliness Fire Firebodied Natural Intuitional perversity; Inborn wrong belief Unfettered; Possessionless Mendicantal first-set food Grafting Restrained |(1) Not too light or not too heavy; (2) It refers to the absence of the two characteristics of heaviness and lightness; (3) Non-gravity-levity It is the characteristic, which expresses neither the lightness nor the heaviness as in the case of the characteristics of the soul. It is infinite in character. Property of constancy; Property of individuality; Constancy of individuality Ignorant; Lack of knowledge Non graded celestial beings Fallacy Agurulaghuguna Agurulaghutva Agyaana Ahamenra Ahetu TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 29 of 271

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Ahimsaa Ahimsaa dharma Ahimsaa paramo dharma Ahinsaa Ahinsaa anuvrata Ahinsaa vrata Ahita Ahobhaava Ailaka |(1) Non-violence; (2)Non-harming; (3) The supreme mahavrat or anuvrat that all Jains must adhere to. Jain religion is remarkable in that it upholds nonviolence as the supreme religion (Ahimsa Paramo Dharmah) and has insisted upon its observance in thought, word, and deed at the individual as well as social levels; (4) The first and foremost among the Jaina vows, meaning abstention from slaughter, injury or harm; (5) Noninjury, non-slaughter, by words, mind and deeds. This is the first principal vow of the Jaina religion. In its broad connotation, it covers the remaining four vows of non-lie, non-sex, non-theft, and non-possession Religion of non-violence Non-violence as the supreme religion Same as Ahimsa above; Non-violence Minor vow of non-violence Vow of non-violence Not in the interest Great respect Highest state of lay follower; Loin-clothed votary; The highest state of a Digambara layman wherein he retains only one piece of clothing Empirical; Sensory Scripture; Traditional instruction Power; Sovereignty; Wealth; Prosperity Power; Prosperital puff orpride. Non-minimum Old-age-free; A liberated soul Aindriyaka Airinya Aishwarya Aishwarya mada Ajaghanya Ajara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 30 of 271

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Ajaraamara Ajitanaatha Ajiva A liberated soul who does not decay to old age or die. Second Teerthankara Non-life or inanimate object; Non-living; Nonconscious; Non-livin substanmce; Inanimate entities Non-living substratum Gosalaka's doctrine; A sect Non-living-body; Inanimate body Involuntary - Ajivadhikaarana Ajivaka Ajivkaaya Akaama (24812) Akaama marana Akaamanirjaraa Akaama-nirjaraa Involuntary death It refers to the removal of karmic particles by actions like--fasting, celibacy, sleeping on the floor...etc, not voluntarily but out of compulsion as in the case of a man who is imprisoned and who has no undergo these hardships Involuntary dissociation; Involuntary wearing off; Disintegration of mature of karma; Savipak nirjara; Involuntary shedding or dissociation of karmas; Desire less disintegration Non-body; Non-embodied Salvated; Dis-embodied Untimely death Unacceptable; Improper Mines Pure meditation; Non-Functional (in meditation) Land of inaction or enjoyment; The world where there is no activity like agriculture, writing etc. Drag Akaayaa Akaayikaa Akaka mrityu Akalpya Akara Akarma Akarmabhumi Akarsa-vikarsa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 31 of 271

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Akasaaya Akasaaya vedaniya Akevali chhadmastha Akhanda Akhyaata Akhyayaka Akinchanya Akinchitkara Akinchitkara- hetvabhasa Akirna Akrandana Akriyaavaada Akrosa Aksa Aksara Aksarsruta Aksata Aksaya Aksaya tritiya Aksepani kathaa Akshaprati Akshaya Aksina-mahanasa mahalaya rddhi Aksipragrahi Akulataa Alankaara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Passion-free Passion-free feeling karma Non-omniscient Indivisible Propounded Omenist Non-attachment; Possessionlessness; Nonthingness; Unattached; Non-possession Inert, Indirectly active Useless fallacy; Inconsequential fallacy Pervasive Crying Non-actionism Reproach Soul; Axis Eternal; Alphabet Alphabetically originated scriptures Uncooked rice; An offering Inexhaustible; Indestructible; Immortal Immortal Third Blaming tales Related to soul or knowledge Undecaying; Non-prerishable Miraculous power of never ending foods/residence. Delayed-grasping Perplexity; Mystified; Confused; Unhappiness associated with restlessness; Disturbed Ornamentation; Ornament Page 32 of 271

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Alapa Alapaka Alaukika Alevada Alobha parisaha Alochanaa Aloka Aloka-aakaasha Alokaakaasha Description methods Connected sentences Unusual; Supernatural; Rare; Superwordly; Postwordly; Extraordinary Non-sticky Non-greed affliction Confession; Critical self examination (for expiation), repentation; Self-deprecation. Light; Vision; It is space beyond the world; It is the Limitless space Totally empty space Unoccupied space; A-cosmic space; The empty infinite space; Outside the universe, i.e. Non-universe (Lokaakaasha); Lokaakaasha is called the Universe Drinks; Food and drinks under light Dinner Of very few letters or words Relative comparision; Relative numerical strength Few-clothed; Meagerly clothed Without mind; Devoid of mind; Non-rational Addressal language Sacrificial prohibition; Killing prohibition; Prohibition of animal sacrifice Superpower of medication Intolerance Supreme meditation Unitary pure; Relating to or characterized by or aiming Alokita-pana bhojana Alokti Alpaakshari Alpabahutva Alpachelaka Amanaska Amantrini bhaasa Amari Amarsa-ausadha rddhi Amarsana Ambara Amechaka TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 33 of 271

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Amnaya Amogha Amoortika Amrita Amudh drastic Amurta Amurtattva toward unity Tradition; Revision Immutable; Not subject or susceptible to change or variation in form or quality or nature Formless i.e. without touche, smell, taste and shape Nectar of heaven |(1) Unblurred vision; (2) Non stupidity in the omniscient lords, scriptures and enlightened teachers; (3) Undeluded view; Not perceivable by any human or life form sense; Non corporeal; Without form; Can not be perceived by senses; Formless; Non-material; Non-tangible Abstract: Non-corporeality: Non-tangibility: Nonmateriality: Imperceptibility Miscounduct Disrespect A karma; Unpleasant look Beginning-less; Withoug a beginning; Eternal Absence of food; Without food; Non-food A fault of disrespecting the guru Non-aryan; Lmpious; Non-cultured Non-self; Alien to soul Praise the gods/goddesses leading to destruction of right knowledge; Perversity; Non-receptacle. Non-deliberate Mithyatva is the perversity of attitude, which arises due to wrong teaching and due to the clinging of wrong teaching. This is the perversity of attitude, which arises Anaachaara Anaachaaraniya Anaadeya Anaadi Anaahaara Anaahrata Anaarya Anaatma Anaayatana Anabhigrahita Anabhigrahita mithyaatva TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 34 of 271

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Anabhoga kriya Anadhyavasaya Anadinidhana Anagara Anagara dharma Anaikantika Anakanksi Anakara Anakara upyoga due to the belief that all other views, and theories are equally true. Natural/involuntary activity Inconclusiveness; Indecision; Inattention; indeterminate cognition; Uncertainty Neither beginning nor the end and is eternal Homeless ascetic The rule of life prescribed for the monks; Mendicant discipline In-conclusive Devoid of desire Indeterminate; Formless By (the help of) senses, mind and visual (conation) detail less apprehension of substances lasting for one antar muhurt is attention without form Indeterminate cognition Indeterminate upayoga i.e. darsanopayoga. Not perplexed; Not confused; Calm; Self possessed; Happiness without restlessness Fire Infinite Un-natural sex Endless or infinite, for instance, kevalajnana is ananta. Infinite bliss Infinite perception Infinite Knowledge; Infinite cognition Infinite times; Infinite attributes Infinite bliss Anakara upyoga Anakaropayoga Anakul Anala Anana Ananga krida Ananta Ananta- aanand Ananta darshana Ananta gnaana Ananta guna Ananta sukha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 35 of 271

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Anantaanubandhi Anantaanubandhi kasaaya Anantabhaga Ananta-chatushtaya Anantakayika vanaspati Anantanaatha Anantanantanuka Anantanuka Anantara Anantavirya Ananta-virya Ananupurvi Ananya |(1) Life-long lasting (2) Passion which leads to infinite births (3) It is a process by which samyagdarsana is withheld and if the right knowledge has already arisen it vanishes. It is an endless series of the expressions of passions or kasaya or emotional states; (4) Incessant that exists from infinite past A Karma of Infinite-bonding passion Infinite conation Infinite foursome namely |(1) Infinite perception (2) Infinite knowledge |(3) Infinite power |(4) Infinite bliss General plants; A category of plants. Fourteenth teerthankara Infinite infinite atomed / atomic. Infinite Atomed / Atomic Without gap; Continuous Infinite energy of the soul Infinite power; Infinite energy Nonserial; Non-sequential Unique; Not separate or different; matchless; devoted or loyal to one only. Uniqueness; Identity; exclusive devotion to one Eternal Non-reduction |(1) Non-reducible; (2) It refers to the exhaustion of Jayukarma as per schedule without any decrease in the Ananya bhaava Anapavadyaka Anapavartana Anapavartaniya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 36 of 271

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Ana-pranaparyapti Anarghya Anarpana Anartha Anartha danda vrata Anarthakya Anasada Anasakti Anasana Anasrava Anasvadya Anatikramniya Anativetti Anatmabhuta laksana Anavadya Anavastha Anayana prayofa Anayatan Anda Andaaja Andaja Aneka Anekaanta duration or intensity. The ayukarma of this life is determined due to the previous karma needs to be completely exhausted. Respiratory completion Amulya; Priceless Viewed from other stand point; Secondary Unmotivated; Purposeless Purposeless violence limitation vow; Vow of refraining from avoidable actions Non-essential Unobstructive Non-attachment Fasting; Non-eating; Total fasting Non-influx Unstable; Nontastable Non-transgressable Non-transgression Non-self alienable Characteristics Sinless A fault of reasoning; Infinite regression. Procuement from outside limit Worthless places of false religion Egg; Primordial egg Guess Incubatory; Oviparous(Egg laying) Many Doctrine of manifold predications, Relative pluralism; Non-absolutist principle; Absolution; Many fold point TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 37 of 271

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Anekaantavaada Anekachitta Anekantika hetu Anekantika hetvabhasa Anekatva Aneka-vaadi Anesana Anesaniya Anga Anga vidyaa Angaara Angabaahya Angapravista Angapuja Angopaga nama karma Angopanga Angula Anidana Anikachita TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA of view; Multifacedness; The many sided approach to reality. 'Non-singular conclusivity'; Multiplicity of viewpoints; The concept that humans, with obstructed knowledge, will only be able to see limited parts of any whole (situation or truth); Multiple view points theory Manifold desires; Plural minded Doubtful probans Inconclusive fallacy Plurality Poly-realist Prohibition Prohibited Proper noun; Limb; Part organ; Primary canons; Volume of Book (Scripture); Components Science of predicting throbbing of body parts Defect for alms Secondary canon; Subsidiary texts Primary canons; Primary texts Veneration/worship of Jinas, limbs Physique making karma of limbs and sublimes Minor limbs; Secondary parts 1/24 pf cibit; A length measure Bond-free; Desire-free It is contrary to nikachita in which the processes of utkarsana (increase), apakarsana (decrease) and sankramana (transformation) of karmic matter are possible. Page 38 of 271

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Anima Anindriya Anirvachaniya Anishtasamyoga Anisrta-grahi Anistanivratti Anistasanyoga Anittham-svarupa Anitya Anitya-anupreksa Anitya-avaktavya Anityata-vipaaka Anitya-vaada Anivratti Anivratti baadara Anivratti karana Aniyata-aachaari Aniyatagami Anjaana mithyaatva Anjana churna Anjasa Anju Annapananirodha Anookampaa Anrta Ansavatara Minifying Non-sense-organ; Mind; Quasi-sense/Salvated soul; Mind i.e. no-indriya or one which is not sense Inexpressible in words Distaste Unexpressed-grasping Removal of or seperation from undesirable. Undesirable accidence Irregular configuration 1) Impermanent; (2) Non-eternal; (3) Transient |(4) Transitory; (5) Mortal Reflection on transitoriness Trasient-cum-indescribable Uncertain fruition Non-eternalism; Transitorialism Advanced; Non-abstinence Non-eradication of gross passions Ninth stage; Superessing certain deluding karma Unrestricted wanderer; Indefinite wanderer Indefinite wanderer Ignorance Kaajala or The eye beauty or medicinal paste Truly Straight-forward Without holding foods/drinks Compassion; Piety Falsehood Minor incarnation TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 39 of 271

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Anta Anta dipaka Antahkarana upsama Antar muhurta Antar vyaapti Antara Antaraatmaa Antaraatmaa Antar-Aatmaan Antaraaya Antaraaya Antaraaya karma Aspects or attributes Throwing light up on an idea at the end, verb standing at| the end of the sentence. Internal subsidence A time of appx. 48 minutes or less Internal concommittance Interval: Distance Inner Self; Non deluded Soul: Inner looking Soul Engaged in spiritual pursuit Inner soul; Interior self A Ghati karma that obstructs the strength of a soul; Causing imopediments Obstruction; Discrimination; Interruption Obstructive karma; Karma which determines and obstructs the inherent energy of the soul. For instance, it obstructs the activity of giving alms etc Interval between death and rebirth Transmigratory motion Internal within self or soul There are fourteen. Mithyaatva, Krodha or anger, Maan or pride, Maayaa or fraud, lobha or greed, Hasya or laugh, rati sensual pleasure, parati, shoka or grief, bhaya or fear, Jugupsaa or intense dislike, striveda, purushveda, and napuamshakveds. Discriminative science; Sscience of differentiation between self(soul) and non-self (others) called bheda Vigyaana; The science of separation of soul and body Power of invisiblisation Antarabhaava Antaralagati Antaranga Antaranga parigraha Antarbheda Antardhana rrdhi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 40 of 271

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Antariksa Antatakarana Antatva anupreksa Antimagraasa Antyadravya Antyasthula Antyasuksma Anu Anubhaaga Anubhaagabandha Anubhava Anubhaya yoga Anubhoga Anubhuti Intermediate space; Space Intervalisation Refection on Seperateness The last karma predasha or spaces Ultimate-substance Ultimate vastness for graspness. This refers to the entire cosmos and the matter of the cosmos. The ultimate subtlety which is to be found in the atom. Atom: Sub-atom Karmic Manifestation; Intensity (Fruitional) Frutional bondage; Intensity bondage Experience; To feel Neutral activity Fruition Knowledge; Congnition; Realization; Experience; Nischaya Samyagdarshan Minor vow of chastity or celibady Constant reflection Harmonised way Unrealised Intermediate direction Accoompanying; Favorable Conforming knowledge; Explanation Benefit; Profit |(1) Affirmative (Agreeing or concurring); (2) Confirmable; (3) Co-existing Kindness to all living creatures; Compassion; Kindness; Mercy Anu-brahma vrata Anuchintana Anudharma Anudirta Anudisa Anugaami Anugama Anugraha Anujivi Anukampaa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 41 of 271

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Anukrama Anukrsti Anukul Anuloma Anumaana Anumata Anumati Anumatityaga-pratimaa Anumiti Anumodan Anumodanaa Anup urvi pascat Anupama Anuparivartana Anupa-sanhari Anupatt Succession; Order Subsequent tract Coincide; Comfortable; Congenial; Favorable; Aggrable; Confirmable; Friendly; Kind; Well disposed. Natural order Right logical deductions and inference Approved; Assented to; Permitted; Allowed; Agreeable; Pleasant; Loved; Beloved; Cconcurred with; Being of one opinion; Entice others to act Assent; Permission; Approbation Model stage of refraining from household activity Inference Supporting; Applauding; Praising; Aprroval Praise Reverse order Incomparable; Excellent; Best; Matchless Rotation Inconclusive fallacy Unacceptable elements by soul e.g. light, discourses etc. Literal; Factual Informal non existent purport meaning Informal existent purport meaning |(1) Reflection of learning and hearing; (1) Bhaavanaa; |(2) Self-conteplation i.e. Thinking with rationalizing; (3) Contemplation, absorb in meditative state Serial; Serial order; Order Irregular order Anupcharita Anupcharita asad bhut naya Anupcharita sad bhut naya Anupreksa or Anuprexa Anupuvi Anupuvi yathata tatha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 42 of 271

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Anuradh Anuradha Anurupa Anusanchita Anusarana Anushhna Anusilana Anusochana Anusreni gati Anusthaana Anutata Anut-kasayi Anutkrasta Anutseka Anuvichi bhaashana Anuvichi yachana Anuvrata To carry to an end; To finish with Effected; Accomplished; Obtained Comfortable; Corresponding; Like; Ssuitable; Adapted to; According to; Conformity; Suitablility; Confirmable; Accordingly Accumulated Follow Cold Practice; Deep thought Continuoua thinking Linear motion Religious Celebration; Ritual Activity; Religion Performance; Ritual with knowledge Splitting type; A sound tape Scant-passioned Non-maximum Non-areogance Conscientious speech Shelter begging (1) A vow that is not as strict as a Mahavrat. Anuvrats are for people living family lives. The five vratas are: Ahimsa (non-violence), truth, non-stealing, nonpossessiveness and chastity or self-control. (2) Minor Vow; (3) Lesser, partial limited and qualified vow; (4) partial vows (5) Vow of truth; (6) Minor vow of truth Minor vower Small vow holder Householders who observes small vows Anuvratadhari Anuvrati Anuvratis TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 43 of 271

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Anuyaayee Anuyoga Anuyoga dvaara Anvaya Anvayarth Anvaya-vyatireka Anvaya-vyatireki udaaharana Anvesana Anya-drastisanstava Anyathaa Anyathaavrutti Anyathanupapatti Anyatirthika Anyatva Anyatva bhaavana Anyonya Anyonyaabhaava Anyonyaghatana hetvabhasa Apa Apa dhyaana Apa varga Apaadaana kaaraka Apaasara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Follower Exposition; Disquisition; An elaborate analytical or explanatory essay or discussion Disquisition door; Gateway of disquisition Logical continuance; Affirmation; Cohort of monks; Even if something is there to think how if it is there Meaning of verse in prose Positive and negative; Affirmation-cum-negation. Affirmative-cum-negative; Illustration. Pursuance; Search Praising the alien view; Praising heterodoxy. Otherwise; Except it The upyoga or activity of self or soul is prevailing otherplace not within itself. Otherwise impossible Heretic; Alien creedar; Alien viewer Seperateness The aloneness of Soul Mutual Mutual non-existence; Absence of mutual modification of matter in each other Mutual dependent fallacy Water Evil thinking Emancipation; Salvation Producer Temple without idol; A place of worship for Jain Swetaamber faith Page 44 of 271

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Apadhyana Apadinna Apakarsana Apakarsana kala Apakarshha Apakshapat Apalaapa Apaliptamana Apana Apar guru Aparaadha Aparakrama Aparatva Aparibhuta Aparigaha anuvrata Aparigrah vrata Aparigraha Evil thought Without guile Decrease in the intensity of the karmic effect Attenuation period The determination for longevity for next life Impartiality Unattachment Unattached mind Inbreath; Anusal air Superior guru e.g. Gandhaar etc. Guilt Fast by weak Posteriority; Inferiority; Non-precedent; Non-priority Unsurpassed Minor vow of non-possession Vow of non-possesson Non-possession; Non-attachment; Nonpossessiveness; One of the mahavrats and anuvrats. Enjoying unauthorised woman Perfect Un-sweeped; Uunswept Without measured or measurement. Unproportional Unchanging Whole; Complete Non-flowing purificational quality Unreturnable; Unchanging medium Incomplete; Non-completioned; Non-developed. Non-complition; A namakama; Non-developedness. Aparigrahita gamana Aparihin Aparimarjita Aparimita Aparinaami Aparisesa Aparisravita Aparivartmana madhyama Aparyaapta Aparyapti TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 45 of 271

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Apasaranakala Apasiddhanta Apasmara Apauruseya Apavaada vesa Apavarga Apavartana Apavartana sankramana Apavartaniya Apavartya Regression Period Erroneous doctrinelconclusion. Epilepsy Divine; Supra-humanly Exceptional garb Liberation; Salvation Hastening; Attenuation; Time reduction; It is the transformation or the decrease in the states and intensities of the effects of bondage It is the process of the reduction of the experience and the effects of the karmic intensities. Time reducible It is the premature realization of the ayukarma as in the case of death by accident or poisoning. Perceptual judgement |(1) Perceptual judgement (2) It refers to the stage of perceptual experience (indriya pratyaksa). Cogitational meditation on worldly troubles. Defamation Self-dependence oriented righteous meditation Preceptor Consideration of; Reference; Expectation; Regard; Depend; Anticipation Considered; Referred to; Expected; Required; Wished; Wanted Non-Concrete karma type Doubt removal; Exclusion Water bodies Apaya Apaya Apaya vichaya Apayasha Apayavichaya Apayopayadarsi Apekshaa Apekshita Apinda prakrati Apoha Apokayika TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 46 of 271

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Aprabhu Apradesa Aprakampa Apramaada Apramana Apramatta Apramatta muni Apramatta sanyata Apramattavirati Aprapyakari Apraschana Aprashasta Aprashasta raaga Aprasuka Aprathak-bhuta Apratibaddha Apratibuddha Apratighata Apratihata Apratipati Apratisthita pratyeka Apratyaakhyaana Apratyaakhyaana kashaaya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Incapable Mono-spatial; Dimensionless Vibration-less Vigilance Immeasurable; Invalid; A food fault Peaceful (shaanta); self-efforts Careful; Vigilant; Vigilant saint; Vigilant monk Vigilantly restrained Vigilant abstinence Non-contactile Questioning Unwholesome; Hurtful to others; Bad evil conduct Raag for raag; Prashasta raag means raag for vitragta Impure; Unsterillised Non-separate Independent; Free; Without any bondage Agnaani; Ignorant Active; Pure Unpreventable; Resistence-free Non-uprooted It is a form of avadhijnana (clairvoyance) which lasts upto the kevalajnana (omniscience); Infallible Un-supporting individual plant; Non-parasitic plants; A category of plants Minor vows impeding; Passion which disturbs complete abstinence; Non-abstinence; Partial-vow preventing Intenser type of passion which hinders partially; It refers to the kasaayas or passions which inhibit the Page 47 of 271

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Apratyakhyana varana Apratyaveksita Apra-vachana Apravichaa Apriya Apsarana Apunaravrtti Apurva Apurvakarana Apurvartha Apurvavaani Apvarga Arahanta Arahatas Arahnaath Arambhaja hinsa Arambhatyaga-himsa expression of right conduct of a householder i.e., sraavaka. Obscuration of partial-rennuciation Carelessly Scriptural texts Immune to sex; Without sexual desire Unpleasant; Not dear Reduction Non-repetition Never before; New; Unprecedented; Incomparable; Extra ordinary; Unparalleled Unprecedented degree of purity; 8th stage. Undecided; Unprecedeted Remarkable special speech beneficial to all souls. Liberation; Salvation Enlightened one; Venerable Arihanta Eighteenth teerthankara Accidental / Occupational Violeance. Violence occurring either accidentally or through the performance of an acceptable occupation. Model stage of occupational withdrawal. Painful concentration Dis-pleasure; Disliking; Ennui worship Later scholars Noble woman; Nun; Digambar nuns Worship A standard measure Aramghtyaga pratimaa Arata dhyaana Arati Aratiya Aray, Aryika Archana Ardha-bhara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 48 of 271

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Ardha-karsa Ardha-maagadhi Ardhamaagadhi bhaasa Ardha-mani Ardhanaraca Ardhapala Ardhapanchama Ardha-phalaka Ardhatula Ardhpudgala paraavartana Arghya Arghya or Argha A standard measure A form of prakira language, language of Jina sermons/scriptures It is the ancient language spoken half the part of the Magadhadesa and it included the 18 dialects. A Standard measure An osseous structure; Half-Inter-locking and pinning joints A standared measure 4 2. Lioin-clothed monks; An extinct sect; A piece of cloth worn by ancient Jaina monks A standard measure Half embodiment time cycle; A time unit Very expensive Respectful offering; Composite offering auspicious offering. Enlightened one; Venerable. Enlightened one; Venerable. Follower of Jainism or Jain Jainism |(1) Conqueror of internal enemies, such as anger, pride, deceit, greed, jealousy, hatred, intrigue and various other passions; (2) Omniscient lord; (3) Adorable, Karma destroyers; (4) The "Jina" the victor or conqueror; (5) An Omniscient lord with supernatural corporeal body Literally conqueror of inner enemies like passion, Arhan Arhat Arhata Arhatamata Arihanta Arihanta jina TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 49 of 271

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Arma-prasamsa Arma-samvedana Arma-tula Arpana Arpita Artha Artha prakaasa Artha samaya Artha-danda Arthadhikara Arthagama Artha-karta Arthanaya hatred, greed, attachment, etc. Self-praise Self intuition; Self-experience. Self-like Adopted standpoint; Particularity; Perminence Prominent Subject matter; Substratum; Meaning; Object; Implicit mode; Reality; Dravya Guna and Paryaya are called Artha; Wealth Illumination of object System of reality Objective violence; Purposeful violence Topic; Chapter Knowledge from text Author of the meaning It is that point of view or naya, which is different from vyanjana and is distinguished from the other characteristics like gender, number, time and agency; Objective standpoint importal standpoint. Unrelated meaning Object mode (non-spatial); In-distinct mode Implication Symbolism Apprehension; It is determinate confessional stage in which there is the awareness of the sensation. Non-rebirthing Without form Formless matter; It has no characteristics of sabda Arthantara Artha-paryaaya Arthapatti Artha-sandrasti Arthavagraha Aruhanta Arupa Arupi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 50 of 271

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Arupi ajiva Aryanka Asaadana Asaata Asaataavedaniya Asaatana Asad bhuta Asadbhuta vyavahaara naya Asadgunod bhaavana Asailesi Asaiyama Asaiyoga Asakti Asamartha karana Asamavayi karana Asambhava dosa Asammoha Asanga Asangata Asangni Asangnyaapta Asankhyaata TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA (sound), rupa (form), rasa (taste), gandha (smell) and sparsa (touch); Formless; Non-material; Non-tangible Formless non-living, Non-material non-living. Noble people; Civilized people; A human race. Denying the truth proclaimed by another person by body or speech i.e. disregard of knowledge; Disregard of knowledge taught by another person; Denial Pain Unpleasant-feeling- producing Disrespect; Completely disrespectful conduct Impure synthetic Impure synthetic practical point of view; Nonsubstantive practical standpoint Display of non-exixing merit Non-recklike Non restraint; incontinence; indiscipline Non association Attachment Non-efficient cause; Incompetent cause Non-material cause Impossibility flaw Free from delusion Attachment Inconsistent Non-rational; Non-instinctive; Without mind; Irrational; Not endowed with faculty of reasoning. Heretic Innumerable; Countless Page 51 of 271

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Asansaara samapannaka Asanyama Asanyama Asanyata Asarana Asarananupreksa Asaray Asasvata Asat Asata-vedniya Asati Asatsang Asat-vedya Asatya Ascharya Asharira Ashata Ashi Asho-pravrittakarana Ashtha-mula-guna Ashubha Ashubha bhava Ashubha raga Ashuchi bhaavana Asi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Salvated; Liberated Non-restraint Non-abstinence; Non-restraint Avirat or without virati Refugeless Reffection on utter refugelessness Substratum Non-etenal Unreal; False; Non-being; Non-existing Pain-causing karma; Pain feeling karma A measure; Handful of grains Association with non religious persons Pain-causing karma; Pain feeling karma Lying; Untruthfulness. Miracle; Extraordinary event Disembodied soul. Feeling of anguish; Discomfort From of request to leave the temple from guardian deity, May I go for essential duties. Low-tended operation Eight cardinal principal Inauspicious Inauspicious disposition; Inasuspicious sentiments Ungracious attachment Impureness, unholiness uncleanliness of the body Sword; Gout; (Trio of Asi-Penetrating weapon, Masi (tools of writng, pen papers etc, and Krushi= tools of farming) Page 52 of 271

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Asiddha hetu Asiddhahetva bhaasa Asiddhatva Asidhaara Asmitaa Asmprapta srpatika sanhanana Asoka prakaasa Aspasta Asta-dravya puja Asta-mangal Asta-mangala dravya Asta-mula-guna Astanga Asteya Asteya anuvrata Asthira Asthirtaa Asti Asti nasty Asti-avaktavya Astika Astikaaya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Unproved probans Unproved fallacy State of non-salvation The edge of the sword Egohood Ligatured osseous structure. Asokan red Lacking vividness; Non-clear Eight-substanced worship Eight auspicious symbols Worship through 8 auspicious substances. Eight basic restraints; Eight primary qualities (of oayfollower) Eight limbs/limbed. Nontheft; Non-stealing; One of the mahavrats and anuvrats Minor vow of non-stealing Restless; Unstable; A karma Instability (1) Is (2) Exists (3) existence, (4) positive aspect Either is or is not, existence non existence. Is but is inexplicable Believer in punya Papa and supreme soulis called Astika (1) Substances having more than one spatial unit or Astitva Existence isness (2) It refers to the five substances, they are; jiva, pudgala, dharma, adharma and akasa, because the space points of this substance Page 53 of 271

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Astikya Asti-naasti Asti-naasti-avaktavya Astitva Astma bhakta Asubha Asubha karma Asubha upyoga Asuchi Asuchitva anupreksa Asuddha nischaya naya Asudha-yoga Asudhdha-naya Asurakumaras Asvabala Asvakarna-karana Atadabhava signify the collective nature or they are in collection. |(1) Affirmation, Spiritual belief, Religiosity, Faith in the omniscient lords. (2) Faith in Punya and Papa, Supreme Soul parmatma Is and is not Is not and is inexplicble Existence; Isness; Embodied substance 8-day fasting Inauspicious Inauspicious karma Soul's inauspicious manifestation of consciousness, unwholesome; Inauspicious manifestation Impurity Reflection on impurity A view point of impure aspects of soul Inauspicious activity/ incidence impure partial point of view JA species of peripatetic celestial beings. See Devas. Horse power Attenuation, Horse-ear attenuation Non identity e.g. absence of each one in substance, attributes and modes even though each one is existing forever Soul does not accept alien things par pana ne grahe nahi Hot effulgence, Hot light, Sunlight, Heat caused by the sun Penance place Atadaroopmaypanu Atapa Atapa bhumi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 54 of 271

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Atapa kshetra Atapana Ateendriya Athaai Ati Ati-bhararopana Atichaara Atichaara / bhanga Atikraanta Atikrama Atikraman Atindriya Lighted region Body mortification in heart; An austertity Supersensible; Beyond the reach of senses; Abstract Eight day fasting Over; Excessive; Super Over-loading Faults; Mistakes; Transgression; Infirmity; Violations; Sin of fault Infraction; Partial Having passed or transgraced; Exceeded; Surpassed Overcome Transgreassion Violation Extra-sensory; Parasensory; invisible, Unsensuous, Super sensitive; Intangible Super sensuous intuition Super sensible happiness Unwarrantable stretch Too much; More (Adhika) Renounce Excellence; Miracles; The extraordinary specialities that common humans do not have only kevalis can have. Thirty-five special attributes of Tirthankaras The place associated with some miracle or myth; Miraculous places Absence of completion Knowing all the times (past, present and future). Atindriya gyaana Atindriya sukha Ati-prasanga Atireka Ati-sarga Ati-saya Atishaya Atishaya-kshetra Atita-paryaapti Atita-pratyutpann aanagata TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 55 of 271

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Atithi Atithi samvibhaaga vrata Atithi-samvibhaaga Ati-vyaapti Atyaachaara Atyanta Atyantaabhaava Atyantika marana Atya-satya Audarika Audarika angopaaga Audarika sharira |(1) Guest invited and expected or unexpected or unexpected; (2) One who may come any time, unexpectedly, without invitation, and is still welcomed with love and respect Self less offering to the unexpected guest vow Sharing with guest |(1) Unwarranted extension; (2) Extension of character beyond the determined object Vow violation; Excess Absolute |(1) Absolute negation for example, the sky flower or the son of barren women or horns of a rabbit; (2) Absence of one substance into the other substance (3) Absolute non-existence Final death Degrad Gross Body; Physical Body A karma, Gross limbs and sublimbs. Physical body; Gross body: It refers to the gross body because 'udara' means gross. (1) Feeling produced due to fruition of karma; (2) Fruitional / realisationl disposition / volition; (3) It is the state of mind with reference to the effective state origination from the rise of the karmic matter Particularised Instantaneously manifested body Subsidential disposition / volition Subsidential right faith; Subsidential righteousness Audayika bhaava Auddesika Aupa-patika sarira Aupa-samika bhaava Aupa-samika samyaktva TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 56 of 271

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Aupa-samikacharitra Ausadhi ruddhi Aushadhi Autkarika Autpattiki buddhi Avaadya Avabhaasa Avachchinna Avadhi Avadhi darshana Avadhi gnaana Avafaha Avagaahamattva Avagaahana Avagaahana hetutva Ava-gadha Ava-gadharuchi Ava-gadhavagadha Avagahanatva Avagraha Subsidential conduct Miraculous power of medication Medicine Splitting type Inborn intellect Undesirable; Sinful Brighten Exclusive; Separated With limits Clairvoyant conation; Clairvoyant perception (1) Clairvoyant knowledge; (2) Clairvoyance Accinidatiib; Depth Accomodating Tatva Engrossed Accomodation Instrumental cause in providing accommodation Occupancy; Pervasion Deep predilection Dense pervasion Occupancy; Body size Apprehension; Initial Perception; It is a sensational stage of experience; Space Inviting or invoking a deity Shatter Stealing Space gap Retreat Inexpressible; Indescribable; Inexplicable Dependance; Leaning against Avahanam Avahanana Avaharana Avakasantara Avakrama Avaktavya Avalambana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 57 of 271

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Avali Avalika Avalokana Avamaana Avamaudarya Avarana Avarita Avarnavaada Avasada Avasanna Avasara Avasarpini Avasthita Avasthita (dravya) Avastu Avataara Avatana Avatara Avaya (apaya) Avayava TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA A time unit A time unit Glance; Seeing; Looking, Seeking Insult; Length measure (1) Partial fasting; (2) Eating only a very small portion of food (3) Under eating Obscuring Obscured; Covered Ill-speaking; Defaming; Blasphemy Dejection Attached Opportunity; Time Regressive half of the time cycle; Regressive half cycle; A time unit; Descending half cycle Immutable; Fixed; Steady It refers to the substance like pudgala which has a determinate space points, dharma, adharma, lokakasa and jiva have infinite number of space points while pudgala and alokakasa have endless space points. These substances never go beyond their space points hence they re called Avasthita. Unreal Incarnation; Descendance Change of state; Wandering; Repetition; Reflection Invocatory word (1) Perceptual judgement (2) It refers to the stage of perceptual experience (indriya pratyaksa). Parts Page 58 of 271

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Avgahana Avgahanatva Avibhaaga praticheda Avichi-marana Aviddha Avidya Avigrahagati Avikaara Avikaari Avikalpya Avilaya Avimaana Avinaabhaava Avinaabhaava krambhavi Avina-abhaavi |Avinaashi Avipaaka nirjara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Occupancy interpenetribility Indivisible corresponding section Instantal death Whirling Ignorance; Ne-science; False cognitive Direct movement of soul. Vigraha means obstruction or uneven direction. The jiva in its movement gets uneven direction due to certain obstructions and that is called vigrahagati. Contrary to this is direct movement, it is called rjugati. So the direct movement of jiva for one samaya is also mentioned as avigrahagati. (2) Nonbending motion, linear motion, motion devoid of bending. Non change of form or nature, unchangeable,immutable Non disturbing Incomprehensible Relinquish Blissful (1) Universal concomitance, non separable relation, inherent or essential relation; (2) Invariable / Invariant concomitance. Ordered or co-existing concomitance Concomitant characteristics Immortal; indestructible (1) It refers to the karmic matter, which arises prematurely due to certain spiritual efforts, and the karma is destroyed, just as a mango fruit is prematurely Page 59 of 271

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Aviradhita Avirata Avirata samyak drastic Avirati Avirbhaava Avirodha Avisamvada Avisuddha Aviveka Aviveki Avkaasa Avrajita Avratta Avyaabaadha Avyaapti Avyabandhattva guna Avyabhichaara Avyaghata marana Avyakta ripened by artificial methods. (2) Premature disintegration of karma (3) Non-matural dissociation Non-violatation Vowless Partialy-abstained or Non-abstained; Right faithed. Strong attachment to the world and worldly things; Non-abstinence (Vowlessness); Absence of moral discipline; Lack of control; Non restraint; Unbale to abandon violence, material pleasure indulgence, happiness of five senses and mind Manifestation; Emergence; Appearance Without any incompatibility Non-debatable Impure Lack of discrimination Non discriminative Space Capable of practicing; Migration Non-vow; Obscured; Covered Unperturbed; Unperturbable; Undisturbablity Inadequate pervasion; Too narrow; Non inclusion Undisturbable attribute Consistent Fast unto death Imperceptible; Not manifest; Unapparent; Indistinct; Invisible; Non-explicable Non-destroyed Immediate Avyapanna Avyavahita TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 60 of 271

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Avyaya Avyayee Avyayibhaava samaasa Aya Ayagapata Ayama-visakmbha Ayana Ayasaskirti Ayata Ayatachaksu Ayatana Ayogakevali Indestructible; Inexhaustible; Imperishable One which does not change; Soul is avyayee Indeclinable compound Acquisition Votive Slabs Length and breadth A time unit Disgrace; A karma Rectangular Wide-open eye Base; Volume; Residence; Receptacle Static omniscient; Omniscient with cessation of all activities; Inactive Omniscient Loss-gain pointing Ayopayadardi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 61 of 271

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B JAIN WORD Baadara (LER) Baadhaka Baahya (&) Baahya tapa Baahyakriya Baahyanivrutti Baahya-upadhi vyutsarga (Alphabetic listing B) Baala Baala brahamchari Baala diksa Baala marana Baala muni Baala pandita Baala rddhi Baala tapa (bAla tapa) Baala virya Baala vrata Baalagra Badara samparaya Badhaparisaha Badhita Bahal TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA MEANING Gross; Coarse; A karma Obstructive; Hindering; Restrictive Outer; External External austerities; Physical austerities External activity The sense seen on body e.g. eyes, nose, ear, skin, tongue Alien-belonging renunciation Immature; Child Child celibate Child initiation Fool's death; Unenlightened death Newly initiated Partially religious prudent Miraculous strength. Childish austerity; wrong faith; Childish energy Childish vow A length unit; Hair heads Performing austerity associated with Performing austerity without right belief Ninth stage; Gross-passion stage Injury affliction Contradicted; Refuted Viscous liquids Page 62 of 271

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Bahiraatmaa Bahiranga Bahiranga dharma dhyaana Bahiranga parigraha Bahiranga suddhi Bahirchitaprakaasha Bahirmukha Bahirvyaapti Bahistatva Bahudhaa Bahulya Bahupradesi Bahusruta Bahusruta bhakti Bahuvidha Bahuvija Bahva pramaana Bakusa Balaya marana Bali TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Materialist; Outer looking self; Follower of materialism or worldly enjoyments; Ordinary soul; Deluded soul; Dependent or engaged in external entities and pursuits for physical happiness The external looking soul Eulogical devotion for the lord arihant, Panch parmesthi ki bhakti etc. There are ten bahirang or outward or material ossessions. Sonu or gold, chaandi or silver, dhan or money, dhaanya or food materials, daasi or female servers, daas or male servers, vastra or clothings, paatra or material support, kshetra or land etc, makanaadi or housing etc. External purity External knowledge Extroverted External concomitance The external element; A division or variety of Tatva Mostly Thickness and height Multi-space-pointed Scripture-proficient preceptor Scripture-proficient devotion Many kinds Multi-seeds; Multi-seeded Standard measure of state A class of nirgrantha; Spotted ascetic/Saint. Starvation death Sacrifice; Sacrificial offering Page 63 of 271

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Bandha Bandha apsarana utsarana Bandha karmic / No-karmika Bandha vyucchitti Bandha, Visrisa/prayogika Bandhacheda Bandhahetu Bandhana Bandhana baddhatva Bandhavali /Achalavali Beindriya Bhaajya Bhaante Bhaara Bhaasa Bhaasa bhaava Bhaasa dravya Bhaasaa Bhaasaa paryaapti Bhaasaa samiti Bhaasaa vaikhari Bhaasaa varganaa Bhaasya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Karmic bondage to a soul; One of the nine tattvas; Fusion; Bonding; Bondage; Bond. Bond, Reduction and progression. Bondage; Karmic or quasikarmic Bondage dissociation; Bond extermination Bondage; Natural / efforted Bondage dissociation; Bond extermination Cause of bonding Bonding physique making karma Karmic ally bondage The time of incapability of fruition; Fruitional incapability period Souls that live with two sense, namely touch and taste. Divisible; Alternated (1) A form of address inviting the attention of the Acharya; Sanskrit bhadanta, bhavanta, bhayanta, i.e., one who helps end transmigration; (2) Repected; (3) Lord A weight unit, 20 Tulas An illusion Psychical language Physical language Language; Speech Vocal completion; Verbal completion. Carefulness in speaking; Careful speech. Audible language Speech variform; Aggregate of matter particles causing formation of speech; Speech molecules Commentary Page 64 of 271

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Bhaava Bhaava karma Bhaava paraavartan Bhaava aasrava (Cullaa) Bhaava adhikarana Bhaava bandha Bhaava dharma Bhaava hinsa |(1) Feeling (2) Of heart and Mind (3) Spiritual (4) Psychical (5) Essence (6) Thought activities (7) Experience Dispositions, quality, thoughts, phase, function, entity, modification of soul, positive aspects, thought activity, present state, psychic dispositions, inclinations, subjective virtue. (8) Internal. States of a dravya. Thoughts. Feeling contemplations (9) Volition, feeling, Subjective Psychical state, Mode, State, essence. (10) Thought Activities Psychological karma; Psychic disposition; Thought activities; Inclination; Auspicious and inauspicious dispositions; Psychic karma Cycle of incarnation Subjective inflow; Subjective influx; Psychic inflow Volitional substratum Psychical bondage; Subjective bondage Nature of living, Internal aspect (1) Violence in the feelings and the thought activity or psychical violence (2) Mental and self-internal violence. Psychical sense; Subjective senses Psychical karma Attaining enlightenment in current life. Volitional aura Psychical libido/sex, Psychical sign Clad in subjectivity, a true possession less naked digambar jain monk with right faith, knowledge and conduct Bhaava indriya Bhaava karma Bhaava kevali Bhaava lesya Bhaava linga Bhaava lingi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 65 of 271

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Bhaava mana Bhaava maran Bhaava moksa Bhaava namaskaara Bhaava napunsaka Bhaava nidra Bhaava niksepa Bhaava nirjaraa Bhaava paraavartan Bhaava praana Bhaava pratikramana Bhaava puja Bhaava purusa Bhaava samvar Bhaava shrut gnan Bhaava stuti Bhaava teevra Bhaava vachan Bhaava veda Bhaava, samyaka Bhaavaanaa Bhaava-antara Bhaavaartha Bhaavaka Bhaavanaa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Psychical mind Phase death Psychical mind Bowing down with adored feelings Psychologically hermaphrodite Psychic sleep Model posting Volitional cycle; Subjective shedding Phase cyclic change; Cycle of incarnation Psychical vitalities Internal atonement; Internal penitence Subjective worship; Psychical worship Psychologically male Subjective stoppage Subjective scripture knowledge; Psychic scripture knowledge; Subjective virtue of sacred knowledge Objective eulogy Intense passions Internal concentration; Pure internal state Psychic libido Internal aspect of right insight Reflection; Anupreksa Another birth Implied meaning; Verbal meaning; Obvious meaning Causing to be; Effecting (1) Yearning; (2) Feelings; (3) Thoughts; (4) Aspirations & Reflections; (5) Self-Contemplation; (6) Desire; (7) Sentiment Page 66 of 271

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Bhaavanavasi deva Bhaava-pratyaya avadhi Bhaava-sadhu Bhaavasiddha Bhaava-sthiti Bhaavavichaya dharmadhyana Bhaava-vipaki Bhaavya Bhaavya bhaavaka bhaava Bhadanta Bhadra Bhadrottara Bhaga Bhagabhaga Bhagava Bhagavichaya Bhagiratha Mansion dwelling deity Inherent clairvoyance; Birthal clairvoyance Real ascetic; Psychically ascetic Attaining salvation in current life Life duration ; Volitional duration Virtuous meditation on cycle of birth Birth-maturing karmas To be effected or accomplished or performed Entity of relationship between effecting and to be effected. Respectful word of address (for a religious elder). Happiness; Welfare; Without troubles A penance tyape Spatial point; Division; Part Partially unproved Venerable Permutation-combination A great Indian king who suffered and accomplished lot for people; Extra-ordinary task Venerable Venerable Purity of alms Singing praise of God by repeating his name; Singing prayer songs; Hymn; Adoration; Devotional songs/Sonnets; Alternative; Option Concept; Edible-non-edible concept Tales concerning food, Food concerned tales Abandonment of food Slow renunciation of food for ritualistic death Bhagvant Bhagvat Bhaiksya suddhi Bhajana Bhaksy-abhaksya dharana Bhakta kathaa Bhakta parigna Bhakta pratyaakhyana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 67 of 271

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Bhaktapana sanyogadhikarana Bhakti Bhakti maarga Bhaktithi BHaktiyoga Bhamandala Bhanga Bharanda Substratum of mixing foods and drinks Devotion, Devotionalism, Devotional prayer, Worship. Path of Bhakti or devotion With good feelings in heart Devotion Halo; Aura Infraction; Alternation A giant-sized bird with two mouths and one belly, Traders used to go to the Valley of Diamonds with their help These birds have been praised in the Jaina literature for their extreme steadfastness. Name of a kshetra or region; We live in Bharat Kshetra. It is located in the southern part of Jambu Dweep (look at geography section for more details); Bhava Incarnation or Bharat Life Digambara Jain clergy; Venerable Materialism Bhattaaraka Bhautikataa (cillasal) Bhava (bhava) Bhavitvyataa Bhavollasa Bhavya Bhavya jiva Bhavyatva Bhaya Bhaya sangna Bheda World; This birth Destiny; The development and capacity within soul for things to happen Aroused emotions One who's soul is Liberatable; Salvationable One, who is capable of liberation Worthiness of salvation Fear Fear instinct Disjunction; Splitting; Dissociation; Division; TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 68 of 271

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Bheda gnaana Bheda gyaana dhaara Bheda vignaana Bheda vigyaana Bheda vivaksa Bheda-avedavada Bheda-bheditva Bheda-samapanna Bheda-sanghata Bhiksaa Bhiksaa chaarya Bhiksu Bhiksu pratima Bhinna Bhitartha Bhita-vada Bhog upbhog parimaana vrata Bhoga Bhoga antaraya karama Bhoga-antaraaya Bhoga-bhogi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Differential way; Division; Variation; Separation Knowledge of self and other Flow of knowledge of self and other The art and science of discerning between the permanent and the transient, between the soul and non-soul i.e physical body, between propitious and ominous Discriminative science, science of differentiation between self(soul) and non-self (others) (Antarbheda) Desired difference Doctrine of indentity-cum-difference. Variable with variation Doubtful; Split-minded Combination-cum descombination; Association-cum dissociation Alms; Begging Alms; Begging Mendicant Mendicantal model stage (vows) Fraction; Different; Separate; Not same Real Elementalism (Basic and Essential) Sensual enjoyment limiting vow (1) Gratification and Indulgence in the objects of nose eyes and ear etc. senses; (2) Thing which can used and enjoyed once only; (3) Enjoyment Consummable enjoyment obstructing karma Karma that restricts enjoyment Self-indulgent Page 69 of 271

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Bhoga-bhumi Bhogopabhoga parimaanavrata Bhoktaa Bhoktaa bhogya bhaava Bhoktrutva Bhoktrutva bhogya bhaava Bhraanti Bhramari vratti Bhuta Bija Bija buddhi Bijapurak kataha Bimba Bithi Bodhi Bodhibeeja Bodhidurlabha -bhaavana Bodhidurlabha-anupreksa Bodhika Bodhitbuddhatva Brahmaa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Land of enjoyment Vow of limiting consunables and non-consumables Enjoyer or sufferer One who experiences joy and sorrow Instinct related to enjoyer and enjoyable, endurer endurance relationship Enjoyment, enduring, sensual pleasure, gratification, indulgence of the objects of the senses, power of experiences joy and sorrow. Instinct related to enjoyer and enjoyable. Wrong understanding; Wrong preception Bee-like attitude Living being; Past time; Peripatetic; Demons; Plants Seed, mytical letter of mantra or incantation. Seeding intellect Seed-filled fruit Disc; Image Orbit Combination of Real Samyagadarshana-gnanacharitra; Enlightenment. Samyaktva or rightness Bodhi Right Talent, Durlabh = Unobtainable Unobtainabbility of the right spiritual talent Reflection on rarity of enlightenment Naked ascetic; Deviated ascetic Knowledge occurring by listening to the discourses from enlightened person. The Creator-god of the Hindu pantheon; A god of Hindu mythology linked with creation Page 70 of 271

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Brahmaacharya-vrat (anuvrata) Brahmachaarya Brahmachaarya-aashrama Brahmachaarya-pratimaa Brahma-vidya Brahmchaari Buddha Buddhimat karana Buddhirddhi Budhdhi Budhdhi gochara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Minor vow; Vow of celibacy (1) Sexual Purity; (2) Physical control, abstinence, chastity. One of the mahavrats and anuvrats. Jainism emphasizes abstinence from over-indulgence, voluntary curtailment of one's needs, and the consequent subsiding of the aggressive urge. For shravaks and shravikas, this also means remaining sexually monogamous to one's own spouse. For sadhus and sadhvis this entails strict abstinence. (3) Celibacy, Chastitiy, Self-absorbness to be away from sexual involvementss The life of a student. The first of four stages that a Jain shravak and shravika are recommended to pass through in his or her lifetime Model stage of celibacy; Seventh model stage Brahma-learning; Theosophy; Theism (1) Celibate; (2) One who has forsaken co-habitation and keeps himself absorbed in the self(soul). Enlightened by enlightened Intelligent cause Super-natural power of intellect Intellect; Mental sense; Vivid determination; Thinking power Perceived at the intellect level Page 71 of 271

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(Alphabetic listing C) JAIN WORD Chaarvaka Chaayaa Chaitanya Chaitnya Chaitra Chaitya Chaityavaasi Chaityavandana Chakradhaari Chakravala Chakravarti MEANING Sweet speakers; An Indian philosophy; Materialist Image Consciousness Practical; An attribute of Chetana dravya along with other attributes it consists of perception and knowledge Name of a month in the Indian calendar, extending roughly from the middle of March to the middle of April Chapel; Memorial; Shrine Temple dweller Worship of lord Jina Universal monarch; World conqueror. Wheel Monarch of area of Bharat i.e India or Airaavat; Universal monarch; World Conqueror Ocular; Related to sight or eye Ocular perception Visual sense organ; Sense of light Visual sense organ; Sense of light Occular 4 conation obscuring karma Visible Denatured taste; Fermented Chakshu Chakshu darshana Chaksu indriya Chaksudarsana Chaksudarsanavarana karma Chaksusa Chalita rasa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 72 of 271

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Fly Whisk Untouchable; Grave digger; Low caste. Sandalwood Lunar year Eighth Teerthnakara A variety of vows Rotation Arc Chamvara Chandaala Chandana Chandra smavatsara Chandraprabhu Chandrayana Chankramana Chapa Charaksetra Charamadeha Charan ruddhi dhaari Charana Charanaamrita Charana-karananuyoga Charananuyoga Chardana Charitra Charitra anupasamika/ksayika Charitra mohaniya Charitra mohaniya karma Charitra-moha Charmachakshu Charnaruddhi Charvalo Charya Chattaari Chatudasa-purva Chatuh sarana Motion range; Orbital space Last-timed body; Ultimate body Ability of a supernatural power moving in the sky. Practice; Conduct Solution of five sacreds Primary / Secondary conductal exposition A scripture type; Conductal exposition Abandon Conduct Subsidential / destructional right conduct. Conduct-deluding Right conduct deluding karma Conduct-deluding Karma Physical eye or eye made of skin or just eye Sky-moving power Religious Cleaning brush Observance; Moving about; Routine duties. Four 14 Purva pre-canon texts Four refuges TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 73 of 271

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Chaturanuka sansthana Chaturdasa-purvi/purvadhara Chaturdasi Chaturindriya Chaturmaasa Chaturnikaaya Chaturthabhakta Chaturvidha Chaturvinshatistava Chaturyama samvara Chau-bihara Chauvissanttho Rectangular Configuration; Quadri-lateral configutation Versed / Proficient in 14-purvas. Fourteenth day in each fortnight which is particularly important for the practice of austerities like fasting, giving up food at night and fortnightly confession Four-sensed (Basically touch taste, smell and Sight Four months of rainy Season; Rainy residence. Four-fold group; Four types. Fasting for a day Four-fold Order Worshipping or eulogy of the twenty-four Jinas i.e. Tirthankars Four-fold; Four; Tetrad. Timal Renunciation of foods A prayer to the twenty-four Tirthankaras of this kaal in Bharat Kshetra. We list, bow and praise them for their great virtues; . Obeisance to the twenty four Teerthankaras Worshipping the twenty-four Tirthankars; Taking the Names of all 24 tirthankaras (this comes in the pratikaman of morning & evening) Multilation Common difference; Loss Metabalism Section / Logarithm; Karmic destruction; Reduction in seniority; Suspension Longarithm Chavicheda Chaya Chayapachaya Cheda Cheda ganita TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 74 of 271

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Cheda gati Cheda sutra Chedopastha charitra Chesta Chetan dravya Chetana Chetana tatva Chetanaa Chetanaa darshana Chetanatva Chetanshakti Chetnaa Chetnaa Chetnaa gnaana Chetnaa, Karma Chetnaa, Karma-phala Chetana Chhadma Chhadmastha Chhadmastha Chhadmastha vitaraaga Chhala Chhala sankhyah TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Karmic state A secondary canon; Disciplinary canonical texts Expiatory conduct-cum-reinitiation Conation; Gesture Thinking substance, animate Animate, psychical. Sentience; Consciousnees; Soul Sentience; Consciousness (Awareness of things and events); Power of perception and knowledge; Where within the soul all the padarthas(substances) are cognized Perceptional sentience Sentience; Consciousnees; Soul Consciousness A soul's attributes of knowledge and perceptrion; Consciousness; Vigor Consciousness Knowledge conscousness Karmic-consciousness Karmic reward consciousness Lapse; Cover Chadma means jnanavarana and darsanavarana karma; The jiva who lives in the state of these two karmas is Chadmastha; Non-omniscient. A non-omniscient being; A common man; Detached; Non-omniscient; Twefth stage Fallacious reasoning Variable number Page 75 of 271

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Chhala sila Chhatra Chidroop Chinna Chinta Chintaamani Chintaka Chintana Chintya Chirkaala Chita vruksa Chitkhai Chitra ranga Chitta Chitta prasantaa Choindriya Jokular and jesticulated speeches Canopy; Parasol or umbrella Sentient or having a nature or attribute of of knowledge Pierce; Cut; Destroy Inductive logic; A variety of sensory knowledge Wish-fulfilling gem; Worry removing gem; Thought gem Thinker Deep Thinking; Meditation An object to thinker For ever Attainment tree Sticking; Adherence Diversified color; Variegated color Mind; Psyche; Heart Serenity Soul that lives with four senses, namely touch, taste, smell and sight Every four month; Quarterly Every four month; Quarterly Twenty four tirthankars' time cycle, ten raise to fourteen sagaropam time.,dash krodakrodi sagaropam time; A group of twenty-four Appendix Small commentary on Jaina canons Small commentary on Jaina canons Cast off Chomaasi Choumassi Chovishi Chulikaa Churni Churnikaa Chya vaita TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 76 of 271

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Chyavana Chyuta Clairvoyance TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Rebirth; Death; Conception Expired; Violated Avadhi gnaana Page 77 of 271

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D (Alphabetic listing D) JAIN WORD Daahya Daama Daana Daavaanala Dahan Daksinardha Dalika Damana Damara Dambha Damita Dana-antaraya Danantaraya karma Danda Dandaka Dansa-masaka parisaha Danta Darsana MEANING Ability to burn e.g. wood is a daahya substance Subduing; Conquering; Restraint of mind Donation; Charity; Alms giving Fire Causing to burn, e.g. fire burns the wood Southern half Karmic aggregate; Part Control National troubles or Riots; State troubles False pretension Sense subdue A type of karma that hinders the practice of charity Donation-obstructing karma A measure Two kuksis; Marked staff or stick Division; Section purifier activity; Sinful activity Insect bite affliction Sense subdue Perception; Conation; Faith; Intuition; Ruchi; Liking or love Vision/Conational activity Faith deluding karma Model stage of right faith; First model stage Right faith, Right belief, Right view, Rational faith. Darsana kriya Darsana moha mohaniya Darsana pratima Darsana samyaka TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 78 of 271

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Darsana upyoga Darsana visudhi Darsanamoha ksapaka Darsanavarana Darsanvaraniya karma Darshan mohaniya karma Darshana Darshana varniya Functional consciousness of conation Purity of right faith; Purity of faith/Conation. Destroyer of faith deluding karma Conation-obscuring karma Conation-obscuring karma Right belief deluding karma Vision; Intuition; Insight; Perception; A system of religious philosophy; A pure soul has infinite vision; Intuition or indeterminate perception; Act of seeing; Seeing or visiting with devotion idol, deity, sacred place or person; Sight, appearance; System of philosophy: [Jain] taste, liking; Faith; A ghati karma that obstructs the capacity of a soul to see things clearly; A ghaatiya karma obstructing the soul's capacity of vision in spiritual sense Faith deluding Karma Ten attributes or virtues of the soul Ten-fold religion 100-days specific penance Festival of ten-fold religiosity by digambar faith of Jainism; Celebration of digambar paryushan parva Vows during Festival of ten-fold religiosity Ten charactertics dharma Exeeding quantity of maids/servants Decimal place value notation Compassion; Kindness Festival of lights The thinking power of all three times, past, present and Darshana-moha Dasa dharma Dasa sharma Dasa-dasamika Dasalaksana parva Dasalaksana vrata Dashalakshana Dasi-dasa-pramanatikrama Dasman Dayaa Deepaawali Deerdhakalikee TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 79 of 271

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Deraasara Deraasara Desa Desa charitra Desa pratyaksha Desa sanyata Desa viraara Desa virati Desa vrata Desaghati Desaghati spardhaka desanaalabdhi Desapratyaksa Desavagashik vrat Desh Deshacharitra Deshavrati Deva Deva TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA future Temple with idol for idol worshipping sect of swetambar muritpujak. Jina temple; Jaina temple Unit; 4 aggregate; Incomplete; Part; Country Partial right conduct; Fifth stage Partial direct Partially restrained Partial abstinence; Fifth stage. Partial abstinence; Fifth stage. Vow of restriction on moving beyond areal limits Partially destroying Partially destroying karmic supervariforms Sermonal attainment Partial direct knowledge / perception. day to day additional limitation vow Part of substance Partial character One who assumes the vows of householder and who has Right perception God: Celestial; Deity; A soul in heaven or at a high spiritual level; Heavenly being A soul having life in heaven; Devaasa i.e. Heavenly Beings A celestial being. There are four broad categories of celestial beings as follows: Bhavanapatis (residential); Vyantaras (Peripatetic); Jyotiskas (stellar bodies); and Page 80 of 271

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Vaimanikas (heavenly bodies). Bhavanapatis (residential); The following are the Bhavanapati devas: Asurakumaras, Nagakumaras, Vidyutkumaras, Suparnakumaras, Agnikumaras, Vatakumaras, Stnitkumaras, Udadhikumaras, Dwipkumaras, and Dikkumaras. Vyantaras (Peripatetic); The following are the Vyantara devas: Kinnaras, Kimpurisas, Moharagas, Gandharvas, Yaksas, Raksasas, Bhutas, and Pisachas. Deva / Devata Deva Dharanendra Jyotiska devas include the sun, the moon, the stars, the planets, etc. Bhavanapatis and Vyantaras live just below the earth. Vaimanikas (heavenly bodies). Vaimanikas are of two types: Kalpotpannas and Kalpatitas. The former live in heavens just above the Jyotiska devas, and the latter live farther beyond. Deity; Calestials; Divine; God Protecting deity of Tirthankar Parsva, himself the lord of the nagas (snakes) Deital offerings Worship of supreme souls i.e. Arihanta and Siddha III-speaking of deity Divine cloth; A finely woven piece of cloth Celestial destinity A part of land of enjoyment in Jambudvipa Heaven; Celestial world Deva dravya Deva pooja Deva-avarnavada Devadusya Deva-gati Devakuru Devaloka TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 81 of 271

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Deva-mudhata Devanupurvi Devarsi Devasi Devasraya Devataa Devayusa karma Devi Devloka Devsi Dhaanya Dhaarana Dhaatakikhanda Dhaatu Deital idiocy Deital sucession Divine ascetic; Naarada Evening Jina temple; Jaina temple Deity; Divine Celestial life-span karma; Celestial Longevity-determining karma Goddess; Female God; Female deity or divinity. Heaven; The place where devs reside Evening Grains; Cereals Retention; Concentration; Record; Visualizations Name of Island or region Elements; Root matter; Metal; grammatical root; verbal root Patience; A pure soul has infinite patience Religion Exceeding limits of grains, cattle and wealth. A lentgth measure; Bow weapon Grace; Riches Measure of cereals A measure; It is condition of recollection also it is an element in avagraha; Retention Sequence of repeating congnition Retention of ability Holy law; Duty; Righteousness; Predicate nature of entities; Observance of set of good qualities; Religion. Dhairya Dhammo Dhanadhaanya pramanatikrama Dhanusa Dhanya Dhanya-mana pramana Dharana Dharavahika gnaana Dhari raakheli yogyata Dharma TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 82 of 271

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Dharma Dharma Dharma Dharma bhaavanaa Dharma bheeru Dharma dravya Dharma katha Dharma laabha Dharma tirtha Dharma updesa Dharma upkaara Dharma vraddhi Dharma-anupreksa Dharmaanushhthaan Dharmaanushhthaano Dharma-avarna vaada Dharma-chakra Dharma-dhyaana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA |(1) Medium of motion; (2) Religion; (3) Piety; (4) Righteous; (5) Merit; (6) Duty; (7) Righteousness; (8) Nature of things; (9) Attribute; (10) Virtue; (11) Morality; (12) The real nature of an element Holy law; Elements in Buddhist doctrine; Righteousness (ten forms); Technically, the Jainas have used the term to signify motion, as adharma signifies rest. Discrete element; A kind of a substance; Component elements; Principle of motion; Phenomena; Property; Unsubstantiality of things; Predicate; Doctrine; Ability Religious feelings God fearing Reality of medium of motion; Dharma as substance; it is the principle of motion Religious tale Benefit of attending; Learning or serving religion Holy path; religious order which is fourfold in Jainism A self-study type; Religious sermon Aids of religion Increase in righteousness; May righteousness increase. Reflection on religion Religious ritual or activity Religious activities III-speaking of religion Wheel of religion; Holy law (1) Righteous meditation; (2) Meditating on spiritual objects, like the words of the tirthankaras, images of the tirthankaras, etc. The Jainas have conceived four types of Page 83 of 271

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meditation, of which two are common to all worldly beings and two are followed by those who are on the spiritual path. They are: 1. Arta-dhyana, which is meditating on earthly objects for one's own happiness; 2. Raudra-dhyana, which is meditating on doing harm to another or others for one's own happiness; 3. Dharma-dhyana as above; and Dharmadurlabhabhaavanaa Dharmanaatha Dharma-svakhyatatva anupreksa Dharma-tirth Dharmi Dharmistikaaya Dharmopadesaka Dhrauvya Sukla-dhyana, which is meditating on one s own self. Unobtainability of the true preceptors religion scriptire and right religion Fifteenth tirthankar Reflection of Jain teaching Holy path Minor term; Subject of syllogism Ether Religious teacher It refers to the duration or permanence of the aspect of the substance; Continuity; Permanence Female deity; Latency; Reflection; Stead-fastness; Patinece Permanence; Constant; Eternal Moving for salvation Lasting; Grasping A fault in food Non-idolator sect of Svetaambers Dhruti Dhruva Dhruvaachari Dhruvagrahi Dhumaosa Dhundhiya pantha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 84 of 271

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Dhupa Dhvana Dhyaana Dhyaata Dhyanantariki Dhyanapravaha Dhyeya Differentia Dig vrata Digaachaarya Digambara Incense Range Meditation concentration: Self or soul's upayoga on one particular object Meditator; Concentrator Intervalised meditational state Course of meditation Subject of meditation The character or attribute by which one species is distinguished from all others of the same genus Not to go out of certain area throughout the life Direction Naked; Sky-clad; A jain sect; Name of the Jain sect whose mendicants particularly higher level practice ascetic nudity Skyclad monk; Naked monk. Naked i.e. sky-clad Direction World conquest Direction-rectricting vow Direction-rectricting vow See Dikparimana under Vratas. It refers to direction in space. Initiation preceptor, Intiator. Initiation preceptor, Intiator. Renunciation of the worldly life; Renouncement from the worldly life; Renounce the world and Initiation into monkhood. Digambara saadhu Digamber Dig-dravya Dig-vijaya Dig-virati Dig-vrata Dig-vrati Dik Diksaachaarya Diksaaguru Diksha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 85 of 271

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Dimba Dipa Dirghaloka Dirghatapasvi Disa parimaana Diva Diva bhojana Divya dhwani Divyadhvani Obstruction Lamp Vegetation; Wordly Extended penance; Deep austerite Direction; Limitation Day Day eating Divine sound forming Omniscient's preaching, divine voice or sound, Omniscient revelation in the form of omkar sound. Miraculous or divine sound; When a Tirthankara attains Jenlightenment, this sound emerges from them, silent, yet understood by every living thing in his or her own language. Spoiled; Corrupted Flow; Defeat; Imperfection; Faults; Defects; Demerits; Logical aberration (eccentricity); Flaws Defects viewing Perceiver; Realizer; Perceived Illustration; Example Vision; Perception View; Vision; Sight The twelfth holy scripture (Anga) of Jainas. In it the elements with their modes etc., were vividly described Visible object Dravida order of Digambera monks Self-restrained (1) Substance Dooshhita Dosa Dosa-darsana Drasta Drastaanta Drasti Drasti Drastivaada Drasyamana darvya Dravida sangha Dravika Dravya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 86 of 271

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Dravya adhikarana Dravya drasti Dravya hinsa Dravya karma Dravya linga Dravya namaskaara Dravya niksepa Dravya nirjara Dravya paravartan Dravya pooja Dravya praana Dravya samvara Dravya shruta Dravya stuti Dravya swabhaava Dravya vachana Dravyaacharya Dravya-bandha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA (2) Matter (3) Material (4) Reality (5) Physical (6) It is the shelter of attributes and modes. It has origination, destruction and permanence. It is eternal. Physical exposition; A scripture; Physics/metapyisics exposition Perspective from substantial point of view, substantive stand point. Material violence, external violence. Material karma Physical appearance Physical bowing down It is the understanding of the nature of the object from the point of view of substance based on the dialectical considerations. Material shedding of karma Cycle of matter Physical worship Material vitality Material stoppage of karma Scriptures Subjective eulogy Nature of matters Auspicious reflective thoughts Physical preceptor. Physical bonding, Physical bondage Page 87 of 271

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Dravya-bhaasa Dravya-drasti Dravya-hinsa Dravya-indriya Dravya-karma Dravya-lesya Dravya-linga Dravya-mana Dravya-napunsaka Dravya-niksepa Dravya-nirgrantha Physical speech Substantive standpoint Physical violence Physical sense Physical karmas Physical aura; Physical colouration Physical sign; Outer sign Physical mind; Material mind Herma-phrodite Substantive positing Physically detached; Physically naked; Outwardly detached Objective shedding; Objective physical dissociation Matter cycle Physical vitalities Numerical measure of substance Reading of penitence scriptures Physical worship Male by gender Real aspect; Substantial point of view Stoppage of karmic influx External aspect of righteousness Physical monk, Outwardly monk Karmic influx; Physical influx Dravya-nirjaraa Dravya-parivartana Dravya-praana Dravya-pramaana Dravya-pratikramana Dravya-puja Dravya-purusa Dravyarthic naya Dravya-samvara Dravya-samyaktva Dravya-sramana Dravyasrava Dravyastika Dravyastika naya Dravya-stri Dravyatva It is the point of view of substance; Substantive standpoint Female by gender Changeability TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 88 of 271

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Dravyatva guna Dravya-veda Drona Drona-mukha Duguncha Duh shruti Dukha Dukha-abhipraaya Dukha-ksaya Dukha-sayya Dukha-vedaniya Dukkadama Durgandha Durlabha Durnaya Dusama Dusama susama Dusana Dushhkara Substance hood attribute; Substantiality attribute Physical libido A measure, 4 Adhakas Duranuchaara Durartha Durati-karmya Duratrddhi (darsana, sravana, rasa) Super-distanial attainment (of vision, hearing, taste) Durbhaga Durbhiksa Unpleasant Durganchha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Village on two rivers; Capital of two village Disgust Evil hearing Suffering; Pain; Penury Desire for suffering Release from suffering; Parimoksha Living in gloom Pain feeling karma; Pain inducing karma Forgive me and thus absolve me of my karmas or dissolve my mistakes Up-hill task Distant objects Difficultly transcendable Famine Hatred; Criticism and remarks particularly at the dresses or look of the monks and nuns Bad smell Scarse; Rare; Difficult to attain False standpoint or view point Unhappy; Penury Unhappy-cum-happy; Penury-cum-plenitude Confutation; Blemish Difficult task opposed to sukar Page 89 of 271

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Duskrti Dusma-dusama Duspramarjita niksepa Duspramr-sta Duspranidhana Dusprativahana Duspratyakhyana Dusvara Dusya Dvaadasaangi Dvaara Dvesa Dvesa or Dvesha or Dveshha Dvianuka Dvicharama Dvicharana Dviindriya Dvija Dvipa Dvipa samudra Dvipa siddha Dvipada Dweepa Dweshha Dwindriya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Unrighteousness; Sin Extremely unhappy; Extreme penury Placing carelessly Placement without care Perverse mind-fulness Non-prolongable Bad abstinence Non-melodious voice Garment 12 membered Topic; Chapter; Section Door Hatred, Volitional repulsion, Aversion (strong dislike) Hatred; Krodha-anger; Maana-ego; Arati i.e. dislike and fear are expressions of dvesa; Aversion; Dislike Diatomic Pen-ultimate Two-fold steps; Two steps Two-sensed Twice born Island; Continent Island and oceans; Island- continent; World continents Salvated form world continents Biped Island; A large isolated area; There are two and a half dweeps, each with three kshetras in them; A large Island of continent size. Aversion; Dislike Two-sensed (basically touch & taste) Page 90 of 271

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Dwividhataa Dyuta krida Dyuti Two ways; One which has two meanings Gambling sport Glow TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 91 of 271

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E (Alphabetic listing E) WORD Ejana Eka Eka desh suddha nischaya naya Eka ksetravagaaha Eka phalaka Eka raatri pratimaa Eka roopa Eka sataka Ekaagra chintanirodha Ekaagrataa Ekaanta MEANING Vibration One or unitary A view point believing in partial pure soul Homolocalisation; Single quarter immersion Single-piece clothed; Untailored clothed Mono-nocturnal meditation stage Unified; Indistinct A mendicant who wears a single piece of cloth; Single-piece clothed; Untailored clothed Mental concentration on fixed object Concentration One-sided; Absolute; Absolutist doctrine; One sided method Absolute momentariness One-sided wrong belief one sided illusion; One sided wrong belief Monism; Extremism; Doctrine of absolutism; One-sided view; One sided method Alternate fasting one sided wrong belief Present observer Eat only one meal a day; Single dieting/diet Single dieting Part; Partial Ekaanta ksanikataa Ekaanta mithyaadarsana Ekaanta mithyaatva Ekaanta vaada Ekaantara Ekaantik mithyatva Ekaanupasyi Ekaasana Ekabhakta Eka-desa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 92 of 271

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Eka-eka sangati Ekala vihara Ekatthi Ekatva Ekatva and mamatva Ekatva anupreksa Ekatva budhdhi Ekatva pratyaabhignaana Ekatva vitarka Ekatva vitarka vichaara Ekatvavada Eka-vidha Ekendriya One-to-one correspondence Solitary wandering Six times Squared two Unity; Unitariness; One by self; Born alone die alone enjoy and suffer alone; Loneliness; Solitariness; Singularity, Oneness; Uuniqueness; Aabsolute oneness Oneness and sense of ownership. This is me is ekatva and this is mine is mamatva Reflection on unitariness Vivid determination of solitariness It is recognition in which perceptual judgement and the recollection are synthesized. In this form of experience we recognize an object as the one, which has been experienced or seen in the past, and say it is the 'same'. Mono-aspectal meditation; Pure meditation on one aspect Pure concentration on one aspect Monism One kind A being with only one sense faculty- that of touch; A synonym for sthavara beings; One-sensed (basically touch) One-sensed class Solitariness; Unionisation Unitary recognition Deputy preceptor; Junior preceptor A-clothed; Little Single clothed; Highest stage of votary Carefulness Careful about taking alms: Carefulness in alms begging Sanctity in accepting alms Ekendriya jaati Ekibhaava Ektava pratyaabhignaana Elachaarya Elaka/Ailaka Eryaa samiti Esanaa samiti Esanaa suddhi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 93 of 271

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Eva Evambhuta bhaasa Evambhuta naya Exclusively; In fact Fallacial/Pseudo-actualistic standpoint. Actualistic standpoint; It is the point of view, which refers to the sabdanaya, and it refers to the functional use of the term The actual stand point; Actual purport Evanbhu naya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 94 of 271

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G (Alphabetic listing G) JAIN WORD Gaandharva Gaandharva lagna Gaccha Gadya Gamya Gana Ganadhara MEANING Celestial musician One of the eight forms of marriage in vogue in ancient India, in which, without the consent of their parents and the elders, a boy and a girl got married by a simple exchange of garlands. Community of monks in svetambara sect of Jainism Story or writing as oppose to Padya which is poem or song Uunderstandable; Knowable A unit of residence for Jain monks (1) The first closests and direct disciples of Lord Mahaveer. Eleven in all; (2) The first mendicant disciples of Tirthankaras. Supporters of the order. Mahavir had eleven, the most famous of which was Gautamswami. Fourth Aacharya in the line of Paarsvanaath, a contemporary of Mahavira. He had a long discussion with Ganadhara Gautama of the order of Mahaavira, which resolved the differences between the two sects of the nirgranthas, who were united thereafter. Respectful address to ganadhars Smell The best of the elephants The head of the gana or jain group Tha sacred baskets where Ganadhara stored their writings of Ganadhara kesi Ganadharaji Gandha Gandhasti Gani Ganipidaga TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 95 of 271

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Gatharth Gati Gati hetutva Gauna Gehi Ghaati Ghaatiya Ghadi Ghati Ghatika Ghoratavassi Glaani Gnaana Gnaana Jain scriptures Verbal meaning of stanza State of being or living or condition Instrumental cause in the motion of a substance Secondary Householder Destructive Destructive A time unit of 24 minutes The four types of karmas, whose powers are much stronger than those of the aghati karmas. Karmas that have a vitiating effect upon the qualities of the soul. These powers may last for many lives. A period of slightly less than 24 minutes One who practices severe austerities Grief Knowledge. A pure soul has infinite knowledge; Cognition; Understanding; Enlightenment; Realization; Experience Knowledge; Congnition; Realization; Experience; Knowledge Description: The Jainas have conceived five kinds of knowledge as follows: Mati or ordinary cognition by the sense organs and the mind; Sruta or knowledge derived with the help of signs, symbols, or words (expressions); Avadhi or direct knowledge of corporeal things without the help of the sense organs and the mind, but within some limit of space and time; TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 96 of 271

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Gnaana chakshu Gnaana chetnaa Gnaana ninhava Gnaana panchami Gnaana paryaaya Gnaana samaya Gnaana sanjna Gnaana swaroopa Gnaanaachar Gnaanaakar Gnaanachetnaa Gnaanadaana Gnaanatishaya Gnaanavarana Gnaanavaraniya Gnaanavaraniya karma Gnaanayoga Gnaanedriya Gnaani Manahparyaya or direct knowledge of the thought of others without the help of the sense organs and the mind, but within some limit of space and time; Kevala or knowledge which completely reveals, without any limitation of space and time, the truth about all things in the universe, corporeal as well as non-corporeal, with all their attributes and modifications, past, present, and future. Omniscience cognitive consciousness Concealment of knowledge Cremony of Scriptural Fifth; Sruta panchmi Instinctive true knowledge System of knowledge Knowledge instinct Embodiment of knowledge; Of the form of knowledge Right practice of right knowledge Power of soul; Super consciousness Cognitional consciousness Transmission or donation of knowledge Ten excellencies of omniscience lord Arihant Obscuring karma of knowledge A ghati karma that obstructs the capacity of soul to know things in their purest forms Knowledge-obscuring karma Relgious knowledge which can give one the salvation Congnitive sense; Sankhya categories of senses Enlightened person; Person possessing right knowledge; Kower TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 97 of 271

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Gnaanopayoga Gnaanotpattikrama Gnaapti Gnaata Gnaata dhaara Gnaata drastaa Gnaata-bhaava Gnaayaka Gneya Gneya gnaata sambandha Gneya tatva Gneyaakara Gneyaartha Goraani Gotra Gotra karma Cognitive consciousness; Determine cognition Process of obtaining knowledge Knowledge Knower Flow of knowledge Pure knower and observer state Intuitional state; Intention Knower; Knower of right knowledge Knowable; Object of knowledge; Recognizable object; Perceptible; Knowledgeable Relation between the object (matter) and the knower Knowledgeable substance, knowledgeable element characteristic knowledge of matter Recognizable matters A respectful address to Nun or Sadhviji Exogamous group; Status of birth; Status Karmas that determine environmental circumstances, Statusdetermining aghaatiya karma Planet; Receiving; Acquisition Acquisition; Receiving; Eclipse; Obscuration House-holder stage Achieved through outer causes Newly and newly getting acquired Heavenly adobe of certain kind of angels. Treatise, verse, composition, book, literary production. Possessionness; Volumes of books Bondage; Possessions; Knot Cutting of knots Graha Grahana Grahastha linga Graheeta Grahyamaana Graiviyaka Granth Granthas Granthi Granthi-bheda TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 98 of 271

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Grantho Grasa Grevaayaka Grhirartha Griddha Grihastha Gruhasth aashrama Gruhit mithyaatva Guna Guna guni Guna paryaaya Guna pramaana Guna vraddhi Guna vrata Gunaakaara Gunaanka Gunahani Gunapratyayika Gunas Gunasthaana Gunavrata Guni Gunja Gunottara sreni Knot Mouthful intake equal to 1000 rice grains High heaven Salvation path-acceptor Greed Layman; Householder; Family man Family life; The second of four stages that a Jain shravak and shravika are recommended to pass through in his or her lifetime Acquired wrong belief from the instruction of others. Attribute; Quality; Opposite of faults i.e. doshha Soul as substance and its attributes Merit-acquired Measure for attributes; Attributable measure Increasing series Reinforcing vow; Qualifying vows; Supporting vows Multiplier Multiplier Decreasing series Something happening because of internal virtues Attribute or attributes of a substance; Intrinsic or natural Quality; Property; Virtue; Opposite of faults The fourteen stages of purification and spiritual development. Three vows that enhance the five anuvrats; Retraints that reinforce the practice of anuvratas Substance with attributes, virtuous A measure; 1/8 masa Geometrical progression TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 99 of 271

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Gunya Gupragara Gupta brahmachaari Gupti Guptindriya Guru Guru muddhata Guru paasti Guru paramparaa Guru upasti Gurugama Guruji Gurukula Gyaana Gyaataa Gyeya Multiplicant Treasure Controlled celibate Control over mind, speech and body; Restraint, Sell-control, Preservation; Guard Controlled sense Preceptor; Spiritual Teacher; Heavy; Colossal; Saint Belief in false preceptor; Preceptoral idiocy Homage to monks Teacher lineage Teacher venetation Preceptor or spiritual teachers knowledge A respectful address to the gure i.e. teacher Seminary Knowledge One who acquires the knowledge The object of knowledge TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 100 of 271

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(Alphabetic listing H) JAIN WORD MEANING Harita Plant-bodied Haritkaya Plant-bodied beings Hasa Mirth Hasta A measure; 2 Vitasti Hasta karma Mannual operations Hastaprahelita A bigger time unit Hasya Laughter; Joking Hasyamohaniya karma Laughter-deluding karma; A karma Heenaadhika More or less; Some has more some has less Heenabala Less power Hetu/linga Logical reason; Logic; Probans; Middle term; Condition Hetuvada Law of causality; Logistics Hetvabhasa Fallacious reasoning; Mistimed fallacy Heya Abandonable; Censurable; Abdicative; What is to be avoided; Non acceptable; Insignificant; Worthless Heya Gyeya and Upaadeya Trio term of Abandonable, Knowledgable and Acceptable Hinaadhika manonmana Using false weights and measure; False weighting Hindana Roaming Hinsaa Injury; Harming Violence Hinsaa-daana Gift of weapons of offence; Acquire injury-Weapons Hinsanubandhi raudradhyana Violance promoting angeral meditation Hiranya-suvarna-pramaana-tikrama Exceeding limits of gold/silver Hita Beneficence TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 101 of 271

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Hiyamana Hota Hrah Hram Hrasva-kala sthiti Hrda Hreem Hreim Hrim Hroom Hroum Hrum Hunda Hundavasarpini Decreasing Sacrificial priest Seed of power destroy obstacles Seed of knowledge, wealth, virtue, beauty, fame, victory Short span Lake Seed of all extraordinary powers Seed of nectar and life force Seeds sounds of lirany Seed of power to destroy enmity Seed of purity sushumna and contact divine Seed of divine power Irregular A period of avasarpini in which extraordinary events may take place TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 102 of 271

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(Alphabetic listing 1) JAIN WORD Ibhya Icchaanirodha Icchaarasi Ichchaa Ichchaa nirodha Ichchhaami Ihaa Ihaa-bhavika Ilraretarasraya Indra Indra-dhanusa Indradhvaja-vidhana Indrakila Indriaygraahya Indriya MEANING Worship Desire control Three rule solution; Requisite set Desire Restraining of desires | desire Speculation; It is a stage of sensation; It may be called associative integration by which are stimulations are received and organized. This wordly Logical seesaw Soul; Karma; Celestial deity; Lord of deities or heavens Rainbow An 8-day ritual performance of this name Master nail; Column of indra Tangible substance (1) Senses; (2) Sense organs; (3) Sense organs through which sense-experience is possible, due to the contact of the sense organs and the manas. Sensory apprehension Sense strength; Sensory strength Sense completion Sense control Indriya avagraha Indriya bala Indriya paryapti Indriya rodha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 103 of 271

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Indriya sanyama Indriya sukha Indriya-avaya Indriya-gnaana Indriya-jaya Indriya-pratyaksa Ingini-marana Iraavata Iriyaavaahiyaama Irya Irya samiti Iryapaatha Iryapaathakriya Desistance from sensual pleasure Sensual pleasure Sensory judgement Sensory knowledge Sense restraint/subjugation Sensory perception Fast into death A name of kshetra or region While walking Movement, Manner of moving, care in walking. Careful movements Karmic influx without passion Irya means yoga (activity). The karmic flow, which is accrued due to one type of activity, is called Iryapathakarma and activity is called Iryapathakriya. Passionless influx Movemental or walking carefulness Slightly bent, Slightly concave Miraculous power of supremacy Desired Desired deity; Chosen deity Desired conclusion Union with the desired Separation from the desired Straight motion; Bow-like motion The perfect soul which has attained kevalajnana and which has reached the highest stage of perfection is called Isvara. Theism Iryapaathika Iryasamiti Isat-pragbhara Isitva rddhi Ista Ista devata Ista saadhana Ista sanyoga Ista viyoga Isu gati Isvara Isvarvaada TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 104 of 271

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Itaretarabhaava Mutual/reciprocal non-existence Itarnigoda, anitya-nigoda, chaturgati- Variable lowest forms of life nigoda Updravaya; Calamities Iti-bhiti Calamities and fears It-tham-svarupa Definite/regular configuration Itvarika-parigrahi-tagamana Enjoying married woman TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 105 of 271

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(Alphabetic listing J) JAIN WORD Jaati Jaatikarma Jaatimada Jaatimantra Jaatismrati Jada Jadatva Jafara Jaga Jagara Jagat pratara Jagat sremo Jagataghana Naghanya guna Jaghanyetara MEANING Birth; Caste; Genus; Race; Class; Family from maternal side Caste/Class/Genus determining karma. Racial pride/puff Litany at birth; Incantation at birth Memory of past life; Past life recollection Nonsentient; Fool Non sentience Wide awake Universe; Moving; Temporal world Universe; Moving; Temporal world Area of universe, 49 Rajjus Length of universe, 7 Rajju units Volume of universe, 343 Rajjus Minimum degree Non-minimum Victory or conquest Follower of Jainism Jain teaching; Jain order Followers of a Jina, a synonym for Nigantha; One who has samyak-darsana. Jai Jain Jain saasana Jaina TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 106 of 271

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Jainaabhaasa Jaina-braahmana Jainadarsana Jainism Jala Jalaachaara Jalagalana Jalakaaya Jalakaayika Jalpa vitanda Jambu Jambu dweep False Jainas; Pseudo-Jaina Laypeople in charge of priestly functions within certain Jaina communities Jain sign Religion of the Jains Water Five sensed aquatic beings Water filtration Water body Water-bodied Wrangling and cavil Name of a dweep or island 'The continent of the rose-apple tree.' The realm in the universe that is inhabited by humans. This region is transverse by six mountains which divide the region into seven regions. The most important regions are India in the south, Airavat in the north, and Mahavideha in the middle. It lis believed that in these three regions, humans may find rewards for religious pursuits and that deliverance may be possible. Congniser; Progenitor Mobile (1) Birth; (2) Part of trio Janma(birth) - Jara (old age) and Mrutyu(death) Teerthankar's holy birth is one of the five most auspicious events in Jainism Janaka Jangama Janma Janma kalyaana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 107 of 271

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Janma siddha Janma-Jara-Marana Janpada satya Jantu Janya Jaraa Jarayuka Jati smaran gyaana Jaya Jinendra Jayamaala Jhaankhi Jhanjhaavata Jhankhanaa Jignaasa Jina Salvated due to birth Birth-Old age-Death Regional truth Living being; Repeatedly born Congnitum; Produced Old age (2) Part of trio Janma(birth) - Jara (old age) and Mrutyu(death) Umbillical birth; Placental birth Knowledge from previous life Victory to lord Jina, A social mark of greeting. Victory garland; Laudatory hymn; Hymnal garland; trumphal garland (1)Glimpse; (2) peeping, peep; (3) looking at with admiration. (4) Jinvani -preachings of Tirthankara, holy scriptures Stormy wind Constant longing; Aardent desire; Frequent remembrance; worry Curiosity; Omniscient (1) Conqueror of the Self; (2) Spiritual victor; (3) One who has conquered the feelings of attachment and aversion and all the four types of passions. He is free from 18 types of defects; (4) 'Conqueror.' He who has conquered love and hate, pleasure and pain, attachment and aversion, and has thereby freed 'his' soul from the karmas obscuring knowledge, perception, truth, and ability, is a Jina. The Jains refer to the Jina as God (5) Omniscient TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 108 of 271

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Jina aagama Jina bhaavanaa Jina bimba Jina dharma Jina mandira Jina pratima Jina sasana Jina vaani Jina vachan Jinaagama Jaina scripture Jaina temple Image of a Jina; Jina Idol The spiritual religion or discourses preached by "Jina" Temple where idol of Jina is installed Idol of Jina The influence of Lord Jina or last Tirhtankara whose teaching we know and practice. Omniscient's preaching A supernatural wordless speech of Jina called "Divya-dhwani" Omniscient's preaching i.e Jinavani in written form by his disciples Temple of Jina, the conqueror of passions Jina-like; Jina-modelled conduct Jina-modelled monk Jina posture (1) Teerthankar Ganadharas etc. Conquerer of indriya; (2) One who has destroyed four ghatiya karmas and has demonstrated infinite foursome is Jinedra Teerthankar Ganadhar etc. Supreme jain victor Controlled; Conquered. Traditional conduct (1) Sense controlled; (2) Conqueror of objects of five senses Living, Animate, Living being, Soul, Self, Spriit Life. Jinaalaya Jinakalpa Jinakalpi Jinamudra Jinendra Jineshwara Jita Jitakalpa Jitendriya Jiva TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 109 of 271

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Jiva adhikarana Jiva ajiva adhikara Jiva astikaaya Jiva dayaa Jiva dravya Jiva samaasa Jiva sthaana Jiva vipaaki Jivaghana Jivana-mukta Jivaraasi Jivasthaana Jivatva Jivita-saansa Jjallari Jnaana (Gnaana) Sentient substrata Chapter on living and non living Living entity; Animate entensive substance Compassion or mercy toward living beings Soul substance Classification of living beings; Taxonomy; Fourteen varieties of condition in which soul is found. e.g. Sthavara trasa mukta etc. Classification of organic being Soul-maturing karma. Cluster of souls. The state of emancipation in life such as for Tirthankara Totality of living beings. State of soul, State/Stations of the living, spiritual stages. Livingness Desire of life Cymbal; Going; Dough Knowledge The Jainas have conceived five kinds of knowledge as follows: Mati or ordinary cognition by the sense organs and the mind; Sruta or knowledge derived with the help of signs, symbols, or words (expressions); Avadhi or direct knowledge of corporeal things without the help of the sense organs and the mind, but within some limit Jof space and time; TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 110 of 271

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Manahparyaya or direct knowledge of the thought of others without the help of the sense organs and the mind, but within some limit of space and time; Kevala or knowledge which completely reveals, without any limitation of space and time, the truth about all things in the universe, corporeal as well as non-corporeal, with all their attributes and modifications, past, present, and future. Unaana (Gnaana) Knowledge; Congnition; Realization; Experience Unaana ninhava (Gnaana nin hava) Concealment of knowledge Jnaana sanjna (Gnaana sangna) Knowledge instinct Jnaanachetnaa (Gnaanachetnaa) Cognitional consciousness Jnaanadana (Gnaanadana) Transmission/donation of knowledge Jnaanavaraniya karma Knowledge-obscuring karma Jnaanedriya (Gnaanedriya) Congnitive sense; Sankhya categories of senses Jnaani (Gnaani) Knower Unaanopayoga (Gnaanopayoga) Cognitive consciousness; Determine cognition Unaanotpattikrama Process of obtaining knowledge naapti (Gnaapti) Knowledge Jnaata /Jnayaka (Gnaata/Gnayaka) |Knower Unaata-bhaava (Gnaata-bhaava) Intuitional state; Intention Jneya (Gneya) Object of knowledge; Knowledgeable Jugupsa mohaniya karma Aversion deluding karma Jugupsaa Aversion or intense dislike Juhara Jaina term for social greetings Jyotisa vidyaa Astronomy Jyotish chakra Area of space in which zodiac planets, stars, etc. are located TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 111 of 271

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Jyotiska deva Stellar deities; Astral deities/celestials TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 112 of 271

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K (Alphabetic listing K) JAIN WORD Kaala Kaala kshetra Kaala labdhi Kaala paraavartana Kaala parivartana Kaalanu MEANING (1) Time; (2) Time stages within the progressive and regressive half-cycles. Runs into more than billions of years, per cycle; (3) Duration; (4) The Jaina theory of kala gives a realistic picture of kala as an independent category. It is mono-dimensional and therefore it is not an astikaya. (2) Time substance, . Nishchaya or Real Time (3) Vyavahaara kaala (3.1) Apparent time (3.2) Conventional time as hours minutes Clock and calendar time etc, The place reputed for its artistic monuments temples and images Proper time; Timal attainment. Cycle change of time; Cycle of time Timal wheeling/change Atoms of time; Time particles; Unit of time; Points of time; Real time substance; Time point; Time unit; Chronyme/time-stom Time instant; Time space point Night of destruction Violating fixed time; Beyond time Timely studied; A type of scripture Tyrannical king of mythology Desire; Sex; Sensuality Indulgence in the objects of touch and taste senses Kaalapradesa Kaalaraatri Kaalatikrama Kaalika Kaalki Kaama TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 113 of 271

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Kaama kathaa Kaama sukha Kaama vikaara Kaamadeva Kaamakami Kaamini Kaarak Kaarak karana Kaaraka Kaarana Kaarana kaaraka Kaarana labdhi Kaarana parmaanu Kaarman body Kaarman varganaa Cupidistic tales Sexual enjoyment Sex emotions Category of torch bearers; Cupid Sensualist Sensual gratification Case (regular grammar); Agent; Cause; Factor Generating cause Case Inference of effect; Cause; Causation; Result Means of that deed Proper Causes, Causal attainment. Cause-atom. Karmic matter body of living beings or souls Karmic matter; Those matter molecules which transform themselves into karmana(Karmic) body are called karmana varganaa. Karmic matter Karmic body; Body type; Karmic transmigratory body; It is the karmic body, it is very subtle and is responsible for the various karmic effects Compassionate feeling Effect; Work; Deed; Activity; Effect Wooden image making, Carpentary. (1) Regulating the activities of body speech and mind; (2) Motionless state of body; (3) Kaayotsarga Extension; Body; Corpud embodiment Improper body movement Kaarmana Kaarmana sarira Kaarunya Kaarya Kaasthakarma Kaaussagga Kaaya Kaaya dusprani dhana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 114 of 271

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Kaaya gupti Kaaya pravichaara Kaaya sthiti Kaaya svabhaava Kaaya yoga Kaayaaklesa Kaayabhaavastha Kaaya-danda Kaayatva Kaayotsarga Kaayotsarga Kadaagraha Kadalighatmarana Kaivalya Kaivalya gnaana Kakataliya nyaya Bodily guard; Physical self-control Physical Sex Duration Nature of body Bodily activity Physical mortification; An external austerity; Physical suffering Born/reborn in the same womb Sinful bodily activity; Body activity Extension Meditation of the soul (1) Abandonment or stopping and freezing entire activities of the body and focus on mental meditation. A standing posture of meditation is kayotsarga and sitting position is called padmasana; (2) A standing posture of meditation, giving up attachment to the body; (3) A standing posture of meditation peculiar to the Jaina monks. Literally, it means giving up (attachment to) the body; (4) To give up attachment of the body, meditative relaxation, spiritual relaxation (5) Posture for meditation; (5) Regulating the activities of body speech and mind; (6) Perfect bodily abandonment; (7) Same as Kaussagga above Wrong insistence 8-cause death; Astral deities/celestials. Omniscience; Aloneness Supreme knowledge Popular maxim of fall of palm fruit on crow head, Maxim of unexpected coincidences. TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 115 of 271

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Kalaa Kaladhrama Kalakuta Kalankali bhaava Kalatita kalatya tapdista, Kalevara Kalikaalasarvagna Kalpa Kalpa tree Kalpabhumi Kalpakala Kalpanapodha Kalpanika Kalpas Art; Learning arts Death Deadly poison Wordly wandering Mistimed fallacy Body Looking like omniscient in kaliyuga or present time. (1) A cycle of cosmos time; (2) Conduct for monks and Nuns when staying amongst people during four months of monsoon; (3) Sanction, heavend, 2 Aeons, 20*10 14th Sagaras, Proper conduct It was a variety of flora, now wholly extinct, which supplied everyday requirements of human beings, subsistence in particular, before they devised various arts and crafts. Holy assembly place 20*10 14th Sagara years Conceputal Fictitious Heavens According to the Jainas, there are 12 or 16 kalpas as follows: Saudharma & Aisana (paired) Sanatkumara & Mahendra (paired) Above them, in the center, one above another, are: Brahmaloka Lantaka Mahasukra Sahasrara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 116 of 271

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Kalpasthita Kalpasutra Kalpatit deva Kalpatita Kalpavaasi Kalpavraksa Kalpopapanna Kalusa Kalyaana Kalyaanaka Kamala puja Kamandala Kamandalu Kamyaruptiva riddhi Kanakaavali Kanchana Kanda And then, above them, in pairs again: Anata & Pranata Arana & Achyuta The Digambaras add Brahmottara before Lantaka, Kapistha and Sukra before Mahasukra, and Satara before Sahasrara, making a total of 16. Observing scriptural rules Religious scripture of Jainism Non graded celestial beings Beyond 12/16 heavens; Beyond scriptural rules Resident of heaven Heavenly trees; Desire-fulfilling trees Born in kalpa heavens; Heavens-born Impure; Dirt Beneficial; Virtuous; Salutary; Auspicious; Excellent; Prosperous (1) Auspicious events, times and moments (of Jina's lives); (2) Auspicious Moments; (2) Five most auspicious events 1. conception(chyavana) 2. birth 3. renunciation (Diksha) 4. Omniscience (Kaivalya) and 5. liberation (Nirvana) of a Teerthankara Flower worship Wooden water jar or pot with nozzle Wooden water jar or pot with nozzle Miraculous power of beautification A ritual; A penance Materials Bulbous vegetable; Innumerrableth part of angula TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 117 of 271

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Kandaka Kandarpa Kandka Kandmula Kanji aahaara Kanksa Kanthastha Kanyadaana Kapalika Karana Karana Karana parmaatma Karana kaarya bhaava Karana kaarya sambandha Karana samaysaara Karana suddha jiva Karana suddha paryaya Karananuyoga Karanavirya Karatal parigrhita Karemi Karita Karma Innumerrableth part of angula; Bulbous vegetable Amorous talk; Cupid Splits Bulbs, roots and tubers Sour gruel food Grey aura Memorize Ceremony of giving away the bride A sect of heretical monks in the Sakti cult prevalent all over India at one time. the kapalika mode of propitiation is not very dominant now, though there are many Saktas in India to this day. They usually believe in animal slaughter. Thought; Cause; Inference of effect Sense; Conduct; Disposition; Tool Conscious element existing in all living beings Cause effect phase Relation between causes and effect Scriptural knowledge gained through reverential causes Soul with causes of purity Modes with causes of purity Technical exposition; A scripture type Active energy; Kinetic energy With folder hands I do Getting done by others Fine particles of matter karma; Nimitta for self upaadaan to act; Deed done by the doer; Deed(Kaarya) It is the technical term, which refers to the after effect of Karma TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 118 of 271

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Karma Karma Karma bandha Karma bhumi Karma chetanaa Karma granthi Karma indriya Karma kalanka Karma mala Karma masa reactivity. The Jaina theory of karma explains karma in terms of karmic particles and makes distinction in the karma as of eight types. Similarly, the karmic effect may be wholesome or may be bad. Jainas have given a scientific theory of karma. Action; A deed, good or bad; A form of matter; Upon maturing, it delivers its fruit; There are 4 Ghati and 4 Aghati types of karmas. Powers of Ghati karmas are much stronger, and they last for many lives. It is a substantive force, matter in very subtle form. These matter-particles, called pudgalas, fill all cosmic space. The soul, by its communication with the outer world, becomes literally penetrated by these matter-particles. These in turn become karma and build up a special body called karman sarira, which does not leave the soul until its final liberation. Karma works in such a way that every action leaves a mark of its own, which is retained and built into the organism to serve as the basis of future action Karmic bondage Land of action. Three karmabhumis Bharat, Airawat and Maha videha kshetra (1) Karmic consciouseness; (2) The feeling that I produce all things other than knowledge is karma chetna Karmic knot Operational sense; Functional sense Karmic stain Karmic filth One maasa; A weight unit TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 119 of 271

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Karma parinaama Karma phalachetna Karma prakriti Karma samvatsara Karma sanyaasa Karma sarira Karma skandha Karma sthiti Karma varganaa Karma vija Karma vipaaka Karma yoga Karma-aahaara Karmaadaana Karmaja Karmakanda Karmana varganaa Karmana yoga Karmavada Karmavadi Karmiki Karna indriya Karsa Karmic change/effect (1) Consciousness of Karmic enjoyment; (2) the consciousness that I enjoy fruits of all things other than knowledge is karma phal chetna (3) Karmic reward consciousness Karmic form; Karmic nature; Type of Karma; Karmic species. Local year Renunciation of action Karmic body Karmic aggregate Karmic duration Karmic variforms Karmic seeds Karmic fruition; The fruits of Karmas Philosophy of action; Karmic activity; Concerted religious activities Karmic intake Cruel professions or activities that buids karmas. Experiencial Ritual Karmic varifrom Karmic activity Karmic theory; Doctrine of causality/ cause-effectism Karmist Experiencial Sense of hearing 4 Pala, A measure. TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 120 of 271

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Karsana Ploughing (Karmic) field. Kartaa Agent or doer acting independependtly; Subject performed by one self Kartaa karma adhikara Chapter on doer and deed, acting and enduring kartutva and bhoktrutva. I am the doer of its work is kartutva and I am the endurer of the other substances is bhoktrutva. Kartaa-karma-Kriyaa Doer-result-activity Kartavya (1) Obligation; (2) Duty; (3) Work to be done or to be accomplished; (4) Task Kartutva Acting; Activity; Belief that I can do activity of the alien substances Karunaa Compassion; Mercy; Kindness Karunaavrati Compassionate feeling Kasa Cough Kasaaya Passion; It arises due to karmic influx; The kasayas are the root cause of birth and death that is cycle of transmigration Kasaaya bhaava Volitional passion Kasaaya charitra mohaniya karma Passional conduct-deluding Karma Kasaaya kusila Passional conduct Kasaaya mala Passional filth Kasaaya mohaniya Passopm deluding karma Kasaaya nisyanda Product of passion Kasaaya rasa Astringent taste Kasaaya samlekhana Learning of passion Kasaaya samudghaata Passional emanation / extrication. Kasaaya vedaniya Passion feeling Kasaaya visaya Object of passion. Kashaaya Passion. TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 121 of 271

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Kataasanu Katha sat Kathaa vijigisu Kathaasa Kathamchita Kathanchita Kathina Katuka Kausagga Kautkuchya Kavaka Kavala Kavelaka Kesagra Kesa-loncha lunchana Kesariya modaka Aasana white colored and of wool cloth to sit on Religious narrative; Religious tales Victory-desiring tales Stories Relatively: In some respect. From a particular point of view; In some respect; Somehow; In a way Hard Bitter A motionless state of body as if the soul has departed from it; A way of having a medidation (yog) (it comes in both pratikaman) Gesticulation Mushroom Morsel food; Intake of gross food Hot sand; Pan A length unit; Hair heads Self-plucking / pulling of hairs, Hair plucking. A sweet prepared from wheat flour, sugar and ghee (clarified butter) with sufficient addition of saffron to impart color and flavor. Perfect perception Perfect knowledge; Omniscient knowledge |(1) Only; (2) Ultimate; (3) Perfect knowledge,; (4) Alone; (5) Omniscient intuitive knowledge Absolute conation; Infinite Conation; Omniscient intuitive knowledge; Omniscient perception One who has achieve omniscient perception Keval darshana Keval gnaana Kevala Kevala darshana Kevala darshi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 122 of 271

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Kevala gnaana Kevala gnaani Kevala labdhi Kevala virya Kevalagnaana varana karma Kevalagnaani Kevalanvayi Kevaldarshana Kevaldarshi Kevali Kevali Kevali marana Kevali samudghaata Kevali-avarnavaada Kevalin/gnaani Khaadya Khachara Khamaasamaano Khamana Omniscience; Absolute/ supreme knowledge; Perfect knowledge; Infinite knowledge; Knowledge isolated from karmic obstruction; Omniscience; Knowledge involving awareness of every existent in all its qualities and modes Omniscient Nine omnisciental attainments Infinite energy Omniscience-obscuring karma Omniscient Affirmative illustration Infinite vision and perception. After acquiring it, the cycle of births and deaths is broken forever. Any soul can attain it, by getting rid of karmas, attachments and hatreds. With it comes kevalgnan, infinite Dhariya, Tapa and Veerya. One who has kevalgnaana Omniscient Omniscient Salvation (1) Emanation / Extrication of soul points by omniscient at the time of salvation; (2) Emanation of the spatial units of the Omniscient Soul from its body without wholly discarding the body Derogation of omniscient; Ill speaking of omniscient One who has kevalgnaana; Synonym for arhat. Eatable; Edible; Solid foods Skymoving beings Forgiving gurudev or teacher Homages; Salutations TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 123 of 271

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Khanda Khanda krasti Khara visana Kharakanda Kharakarma Khari Khataphata Khattvanga Khechara Kheda Khyaati Kilaka sanhanana Kilvisaka Kinchinta Kinnara Kit-Kitika Kkakini KKulamada Klisa Kodaa-Kodi Kodasana Komala Krama Kramabaddha paryaaya Fragment; Space Medium attenuation Ass's horns Uppermost portion of first hell Injurious trades A measure unit Volume An ascetic instrument; Ascetics sceptre; Yama's skull sceptre Skymoving beings Pain; Sorrow Glory Pinned/Nailed body joint Sinful deities Somewhat See Deva Rattling sound of bones. 174 Masha, Kingly jewel. Family puff Tormentation Crore x crore Straw mats Soft Sequence; Order Sucessive modes of operation; Modes occuring in sequential order Orderization Factitious; Formal Kramakarana Kratrima TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 124 of 271

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Krim Krisi Krisna Krisna lesya Kristi Kriyaa Kriyaakaanda Kriyaakanda Kriyaavati shakti Krodha Krodha pratyaakhyana Krosalgavyuti Krta Krtakatva Krtakrtya Seeds of devotion Farming Black Black aura Attenuation (1) Action; (2) Activity; (3) Operation; (4) Movement; (5) Rite; (6) Activity done by the doer (Kartaa) Ritual Blind followings of the religious rituals; Actionism. Region changing capacity; Power of dynamism; Power of motion Anger; Wrath Anger renunciation A length unit; 2 miles; 3.32 kms. Self-performed Product One who has achieved everything that was to be achieved ; Loss of earned Remainder - less division by four Square of number 2, Square, Work Reverential conduct of monks/votaries Square root Destructional. Destructional disposition/volition. Destructional conduct Destructional donation Destructional gain Krtayugma Krti Krti karma Krtimula Ksaayika Ksaayika bhaava Ksaayika charitra Ksaayika dana Ksaayika laabha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 125 of 271

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Ksaayika samyak darsana Ksaayika sukha Ksaayika upabhoga Ksaayika virya Ksaayopasamic charitra Ksaayopsamika bhaava Ksamaa Ksamaa/Ksaanti Ksamaapana Ksamaavani/Ksmaapana Ksanika Ksapaka Ksapakaareni Ksapana Ksapita Ksaya Ksema Ksepa Ksetra Ksetra pramana Ksetra siddha Ksetra vriddhi Ksetraapala Ksetragna Ksetramiti Ksetra-parivartana Ksetra-vastu pramanatikrama Ksetra-vipaki prakrti Destruct ional right faith Destruct ional bliss Destruct ional enjoyment Destruct ion-cum-subsidence Destruct ion-cum-subsidential conduct Destruct ion-cum-subsidential volition Moment Forgiveness; Forbearace Forgiveness; Friendship day Festival of forgiveness Momentary Destroyer Ladder of destruction; Destruct ional ladder Fasting, A penance. Destroyed, Dissolved. Destruction; Annihilation; Destruction of karma Happiness; Welfare Addition Area; Region; Quarter; Subcontinent; Place of pilgrimage Measure of lands/areas Regionally salvated Increase/addition in regions/ areas. Guardian deity Soul Mensuration; Geometry Cycle of change in regions. Exceeding quantities of field and quarters. Regionally realisable karmic species TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 126 of 271

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Kshah Ksham Kshamaa Kshamaapana Kshanika Kshayika bhaava Kshayopsham bhaava Ksheem Ksheenmoha Ksheerneera Kshetra Kshetra paraavartana Kshetra vipaaki karma Kshetra vipaaki prakruti Kshina kashaaya Kshina moha Kshipra Kshipta chitta Kshirasrava Kshiti sayana/bhumi-sayana Kshobha Seed of calling power and acceptance Seed of power for protection and happiness Forgiveness; Forebearance A prayer of forgiveness Transient Destructional disposition; Disposition produced due to annihilation destruction of karma Dispositional gain after annihilation (Kshaya) and subsidence(Upsham) of karma Seed of psychic power and goodness Delusionless Like milk and water looks intermixed inseparably An area, site or location where humans exist. Each kshetra has four more similar counterparts. Region area location where human lives exist; Place; Location; Cycle of space; Cycle of change The karma causing same appearance in transmigatory phase (vigrah gati) Cyclic change fruition; The karmic nature causing same appearance in transmigratory phase(vigrah gati) Destroyed delusion; Saints whose passions are destroyed; Passion-destroyed Delusion less; Saint whose delusion is destroyed Knowing quickly Infidel; Insane; Insane mind. Milk-like speech Sleeping on hard earth Disturbance; Asthirta; Perturbation; Aannoyance; TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 127 of 271

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Kshoom Kshoum Kshudha parisaha Kshura sarvatobhadra Ksullaka Kubjaka Kudarata Kudava Kudeva Kudharma Kudrasti Kuguru Kuksi Kula Kulakara Kulinga Kumara sramana Kumbhaka Kunda Kundalini chakra Kunthunaatha Kupravachana Kupya pramanati krma Disturbance caused by secondary influence Seed of power to remove sadness and depression Seed of power to purify sushumna and contact divine Affliction of hunger; Hungeral affliction. A penance type Minor a junior monk of first stage. A Jaina layman on the eleventh pratima. One who wears three pieces of clothing. (Votary with two clothes in skyclad sect). The next higher stage of monk is ellaka and then final one is muni. Hunchbacked (1) Divine power; (2) God's creation as a whole; (3) Nature; (4) Disposition; (5) Strength; (6) Inherent power 12-Anjali, 0.83 kg.; A measure False deity Heresy; False religion Heresy; False religion False teacher; Crooked preceptor 2 ratni measure Family; Genus; Clan Ethical founders False belief; False dress A Life-long celibate Breath stopping Pool; Pit Mystical psychic energy centre Seventeenth Tirthankar False instruction Exceeding quantities of clothes and utensils TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 128 of 271

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Kurmonnata yoni Kusala Kusamaya Kusastra Kusila Kusruta Kuta pasa Kuta salmali Kutalekha kriya Kutamana Kutarkika Kutastha Kutastha nitya Kutirtha Kutrikapana Tortoise-like raised uterus Proficient Heterodox idiot Heterodox canons; False scripture Imperfect conduct; A nitrgrantha type; Imperfect senses Heterodox canons; False scripture Trap Thorny trees in hells Forgery False documentation; Fake measure Quibbler Immutable; Absolute; Indisputable Eternal; Unchangeable; Permanent Heresy; False religion Multi-purpose market; Departmental store; Supermarket Disgust A penance of night awakening Evil disposition Kutsa Kutumba jaagarika Kuvaasnaa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 129 of 271

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(Alphabetic listing L) JAIN WORD Laabha Laabhantaraya karma Laanchana Laanchhana Labdha Labdha paryaaptaka Labdhi Labdhi- aparyaapta Labdhi-aksara Labdhi-indriya Labdhi-sanvega Labdhi-virya Lagani Laghava Laghima Laghu Laghuneeti MEANING Gains Gains-obstructing karma Symbol; Cognizable Emblem Quotient Absolutely non developable Attainment; Super-attainment; Attainment of favorable time; Attainment of supernatural powers; Attainment of special austerities; Consciousness in its dormancy is known as labdhi; Dormant capacity of soul for knowledge; Acquisition; Achievement; Result Dying within 48 minutes without completions; Timelly non-completioned. Super-attainment of meanings A psychic sense Pleasure in attainment Dormant energy; Potential energy Love; Attraction; Moha Lightness; Logical economy; Brevity Super-natural Lightness; Levity Light; Small To go for urinating activity while vadineeti means go to bathroom for solid excretion activity TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 130 of 271

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Laksakarma Laksana-bhaasa Laksha Lakshana Lakshya Lamba-sanksetra Langulika gati Laukantika deva Laukika Laukika dristi Lava Layana Leenataa Lepa Leshyaa Lac trade Fallacious differentia; Apparent differentia; Faulty characteristic Attention; Aim Characteristics; Symptoms; Intrinsic property; Features; Definition; Differentia Aim; Target Right prism Two-curved motion Celestial saints Mundane; Temporal; Secular; Worldly; Terrestrial; Customary Worldly or Popular standpoint Sevem stokas; A unit of time Shelter; Anthill; Rock-cut cave; Uttinga Absorbedness; Absorption Plastering; Anointing; Coating Coloration; Complexion; The soul soiling tints; Complex, thought paint; Shades of colors 2) Karmic stain, lustre, aura, (volitional) colouration; (3) A specific theory of the Jainas which says that the soul gets color due to radiation from various activities due to self feeling or bhaave Psychic aura Physical colouration or aura Aural purity Sticky food A measure; Eeight hairheads. Sign; Sex organ; Reason; Probans; Cause; Device; Middle Lesya bhaava Lesya dravya Lesya-visuddhi Levada Liksa Linga TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 131 of 271

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Linga apavaada Linga autsargika Linga bhaava Linga drvaya Linga/hetu/sadhana Lobha Lobha pratyaakhyana Logassa Loguttama Lohaagni Loka Loka bhaavanna Loka dharma Loka mudhata Loka pramaana Loka pravadaa Loka rudhi Loka sprista Loka vyavahaara Loka-agra Lokaakaasa Lokaanta Lokanadi Lokanali Lokanupreksaa Lokayata Lokottara term; Instrument Exceptional marks/garb. Natural marks/garb, Natural sex. Psychic marks/sex. Physical marks/sex. Cause; Probans; Argument; Middle term Greed; Avarice Renunciation of greed (Masters) of the entire universe Supreme Like Iron and heat/fire looks inseparably intermingled Sphere; Universe; Cosmos Contemplation about universe Popular religion False ritualistic beliefs; Popular idiocy Expansiveness of universe Popular rumours Popular convention Touching the universe Worldly dealings Tip of universe, Apex of the cosmos, Cosmic apex. Inhabited universe, Occupied space, Cosmic space. Universe end Universe tunnel Universe tunnel Reflection on universe. Chaarvaka system; Superwordly; Post-wordly; Extraordinary; Supra-mundane TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Materialist. Page 132 of 271

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Lokottarvaada Lomahara Lonkamata Superamumdanism Soft-hairal intake; Diffusion intake; Pore eating; Absoptional intake; Hall-dwellers; Non-idolator's sect (founded by Lonka Sah). TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 133 of 271

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M (Alphabetic listing M) JAIN WORD Maana Maanas Maana-stambha Maangalika Maanogna-amanogna-sparsasamabhava Maarana Maardava Maarga Maati Maatsarya Maaya Maaya kriya Maayaajaala Maayaavaada Mada Madhu Madhukari vratti Madhvasrava Madhya loka Madhya pradesa Madhyama-kumbha Madhyama-parinaama MEANING Ego; Mind; Internal organ; Pride Mind Vanity subduing pillar Invocation (prayer) of the blessings to Lord According similar treatment to agreeable and disagreeable touch etc. Killing; Beating Humility; Softness; Gentleness; Modestly. Path Mud; Clay Camouflaging Musion; Deception; Intrigue; Deceit Deceitful activity Deluding creed Illusionism Pride; Puff Honey Bee-like begging Honey-like speech Middle universe Immobile eight central space point of soul A measure; eight adhakas. Medium degree transformation TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 134 of 271

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Madhyastha Madya Maha Mahaalaya Mahaasatta Mahaavideha Mahaavira or Mahaaveera or Mahavir Mahaavrata Balanced and just toward all; Tatastha; Impartial; Impartiality; Neutrality; Equanimity; Indifference Alcohol Great Ceremony; Sacrifice; Ceremonial festival Big palace (1) Universal is-ness; (2) The great existence or existence of universe (3) The laws of nature including spiritual laws Name of a kshetra or region. Twenty Tirthankaras currently exist there, deeming it the most sacred kshetra. (1) Twenth-fourth Tirthankara in this ara of the time cycle. His name means 'The most courageous one.' Mahavir was an actual historical figure who lived some time between 599-527 BCE. He was a contemporary of another great spiritual teacher--Gautama Sakyamuni--who would come to be known in history as Buddha. According to most accounts, Mahavira was also a high-born member of a warrior caste who renounced the world when he was thirty to pursue a life as an ascetic. His moment of enlightenment came after twelve years of spiritual pursuit. He then gathered twelve disciples around him, and it is through these disciples that his teachings were eventually documented and disseminated. (2) Twenty-fourth tirthankara of the Jainas, a senior contemporary of Gautama Buddha. (1) A vow that is much stricter than an Anuvrat. Only those who take diksha will take on these vows (i.e. sadhus and sadhvis). There are five mahaavrats- namely ahimsa, anekantvaad, aparigraha, asteya and brahmacharya; (2) Major vows; Monk-vows; Great vows TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 135 of 271

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Mahaavrati Mahadeva Mahana Maharaaja saaheba Mahardhika Mahaskandha Mahima ruddhi Mahimaa Maithuna Maithuna sangna Maitri bhaavanaa Mala Mala parisaha Malina Malinaatha malinataa Mamakaara Mamatva Naked possessionless saint observing five great vows Mahaavrattas; Great vows conduct observed by saints Siva i.e. the destroyer-god of the hindu pantheon Monk King, sir'. A title used for sadhus, to indicate respect. Great prosperity; Greatly attained Largest aggregate A type of super natural power. (1) Greatness, power, grandeur, high rank, greatness; (2) Glory, majesty; magnitude; exalted rank or position; (3) Importance; (4) Significance Sex indulgence; Copulation Sex instinct Friendliness feeling Defect; Excretion; Karmic dust/filth Excretory affliction. Dirty; Filthy; Soiled; Vicious Nineteenth Tirhtnakar Dirtiness; Depravity; Wickedness My-ness (1) Attachment; (2) Sense of ownership; (3) Mineness; (4) Sense of I, (5) Mine and possessiveness Mind Mind completion Telepathical knowledge A knowledge type; Telepathy Telepathy-obscuring karma Deep thinking; Reverence Manah Manah paryaapti Manah paryah gnaana Manahparyaya-gnaana Manahparyaya-gnaanavarana Manana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 136 of 271

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Manda Mandakrama Mandalaka Mandalika vayu Manduka-sikhanda Mangal mantra Mangala Mangalaacharana Mangalama Mani Manmatta durita Mano vargana Manobala Mano-dusprani dhana Manogupti Manohara-indriya-loka-varjana Manovargana Manoyoga Mansa Mansahit sangni Mantra Foolish; Dull; Slow Slow order of succession A measure, 12 masas Dusty air Hair-crest of frog Auspicious/holy litany (1) Good omen, benediction, prayer, any solemn ceremony on important occasion; (2) Auspicious; (doing) good, beneficial. (3) Mars planet; (4) Tuesday; (5) Welfare, good; happiness; festive occasion; benedictory poem or song; praise of deity; (6) Destroyer of sins; (7) Auspicious (8) (1) That which destroys the sins(vice) and produces bliss and purity- such asright-belief right-knowledge right-conduct Divine omenous verse; Benediction Destroyer of sins; Auspicious Gem; A measure Mind as elephant Mental molecules Mental power Improper mental act Mind guare; Mental control Refraining from looking at beautiful senses/objects. Mind variform Mental activity; Mental concentration Flesh; Meat Life form with Mind as activity filed for senses i.e. indriya (1) A prayer with spiritual powers; (2) A prayer with strong psychological powers; (3) Mystic words; (4) Incantation; TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 137 of 271

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Mantraadi Manusi Manusyagati Manusyajati Mara Marana Marana aashansha Marana bhaava Marana dravya Maranasansa Marga prabha-vana Marga ruche Margachyavana Margana Markata-bandha Marnantika-sanlekhana Masa-ksamana Masi-karma Mastulunga Mata Mati Mati gnaana Mati-agnaana (5) Litany Spells Woman Human destinity Human race Cupid; Yama Death Death desire; Death-wish To live with vibhaava or kashaaya non-peacefuly continuously Death or totally inactive body without self Death desire; Death-wish Glorification of path Faith in path Non-deviation from path Investigation; Category of disquisition doors; Enquiry Weak bone-joints Fast unto death One month-fasting Accountancy; Government service; Writing Brain Doctrine; View Thinking Power; Mind Instinct: Inteliect; Sensory Sensory knowledge or cognition; Perceptual Knowledge Ignorance derived from sensory knowledge; False sensory knowledge Sensory knowledge Sensory knowledge obscuring karma Mati-gnana Mati-gnanaarana karma TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 138 of 271

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Matra Matrvaha Matsarya Maukhaarya Maulika Mauna Medhavi Merunabhi Micchakara Michchhaami Michchhaami Dukkadam Mimaansa Mimaansadvara Mismisa Misra Misra yoni Misrabhaava Misragunasthaana Misramohaniya Mita Mithya anekanta Mithya darsana Mithya drasti Limit; Measure. A two-sensed creature Jealousy; Envy; Lack of earnestness in charity; Envy of another donator Talkativeness Original; Fundamental; Mula Silence Saint; Intelligent Meru-centered Blaming for sins I wish See Mithya mama Dusurtam (To appologize); Jain spiritual apology Critique; Examination; Disquisition Disquisition doors Rattling Mixed Mixed birth place Mixed disposition; Mixed volition Third spiritual stage; Mixed stage Mixed deluding karma Measured False polyviewism Perverted faith; Wrong faith Wrong view; Wrong believer; Non-righteous, Wrong faithed/faith. May my sins be annulled Wrong conduct Mithya mamaduskrtam Mithyaa charitra TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 139 of 271

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Mithyaa gnaana Mithyaadarshana Mithyaatva Mithyatva-gunasthana Mithyopadesa Mitranuraaga Mlechchha Mochana Moha Moha misrita Mohaniya Mohaniya karma Mokhsamaarga Moksa Moksa vinaya Moksabhimukha Moksha Moortika Mrdangakara Mrsanandi raudradhayana Mrsavada Mrudu Mudha Wrong knowledge; Misleading knowledge Same as Mithyaatva (1) Non-righteousness; (2) Perversity; (3) A thorn; (4) Wrongness or wrong concept; (5) Misbelief or False faith; (6) Irrational activiaties; (6) Mithyaadarshana First spiritual stage; Wrong faith stage. False instruction Affection for friend Non-aryan; Non-cultured Liberation; Salvation Infatuation; Obsession; Fascination; Delusion Intermixed with delusion A ghaatiya karma that obstructs the capacity of soul to think properly; Delusive or deluding Delusion or deluding karma Path of Niravaana or Salvation or Liberation of Soul Liberation; Salvation Practices for salvation Directed towards salvation (1) The state of freedom, for a soul, from the cycle of birth and death; (2) Complete liberation of the soul from karmic bondage With form Truncated biconical shape Falsity-enjoying angeral imeditation False word utterance; Untruism Soft Ignorant; Idiot; Perplexed; Stupefied; Confused; Stupid; TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 140 of 271

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Mudhabhava Mudhata Mudita Mudra Muhapatti Muhura Muhurta, antara Muka-kevali Mukha-patti Mukha-vastrika Mukhya Mukta Mukta jiva Mukti Muktishilaa Foolish; Dull; Simple Sevility; Idiocy; Imbecility Ignorant belief; Idiocy; Stupidities Appreciative joy Posture A clothe around mouth to block bacterial killing 48 minutes Less than 48 minutes; Under-muhurta Nonpractising omniscient Rectangular piece of cloth over mouth Mouth mask Main; Primary Released; Salvated; Liberated Emancipated being; Salvated being Emancipation; Liberation; Salvation The topmost area of the universe, where the liberated soul resides, the area of freedom. After death, a liberated soul rises to it, and never comes back into the cycle of birth and death. Every soul that exists there is kevalgnani, Kevaldarshi and has infinite dhariya, tapa and veerya. Drum-like musical instrument Primary virtues Basic reality; Fundamental reality Basic vows; Fundamental vows Root-seed Basic restraints/ virtues. Formation of basic body organs Fundamental operation Mukunda Mul guna Mula dravya Mula vrata Mula vuja Mulaguna Mulagunanirvartana Mula-kriya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 141 of 271

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Mulanaayaka Mula-naya Mula-prakrti Mula-prakrti bandha Mula-sutra Mumukshu Munda Munh pattika Muni Muni subrata Muni-dharama Murcchaa Murchastara Murmura Murta Murtatva Murti Murtipuja Murtipujak Musala Myaana The large main idol or image in a Jain temple. Basic standpoint Primary nature; Basic karma type; Primary karmic species Basic karmic type/ configurational bond/bondage. A group of subsidiary canons The one desirous of salvation or liberation or Moksha; Salvation desiring Shorn of head hairs Mouth mask (1) Naked or white clad but otherwise possessionless saint Monk; (2) Monk; (3) Mendicant; (4) Ascetic; (5) One who keeps maun or quiet or non-speech. He only observes, without praising or complaining; (6) A Jaina monk; literally, one who keeps control of the tongue, taking a vow of nonspeaking. Twentieth tirthankara of the jainas Religion of naked or white clad possessionless saint Delusion; Attachment; Infatuation; Greed; Moha Delusional level Sparks in ashes Corporeal; Material; Tangible; With form; Concrete; Finite Magnitude; Incarnate Corporeality; Materiality; Tangibility; Perceptibility Form; Image; idol Idol worshipping Idol worshipper A measure unit; Kuksis The housing for the sword TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 142 of 271

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N (Alphabetic listing N) JAIN WORD Naama Naama karma Naama karmanasa Naama niksepa Naama paripaati Naaraki Naarkiya Naasti Naasti avaktavya Naasti-avakravya Naastika Naastiktaa MEANING Physique An aghati karma that determines the body; Physique making karma Destruction of physique-making karma. It refers to the understanding of a thing by mean of its name, i.e., proper names without reference to their nature. (2) It is the dialectical process (3). Namal posting/Installation. Namal order; Nomenclature Hell beings Hellish Non existence; Negative aspect; Is not (1) is not and is inexplicable Negation-cum-indescribable Nihilist; Atheist (1) Nihility; (2) Non-belief in jain principles; (3) Nonbeliver in paapa punya and supreme soul Lord Sky: Space City with four gates; City Lord of the mansion dwelling celestial beings Naked Popular / Figurative standpoint Naatha Nabha Nagara Nagendra Nagna Nagnarva TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 143 of 271

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Nagnataka Naked aajivikas Nagnya Popular / Figurative standpoint Naigama naya The point of view which has a purpose or an end Naimitic karya Principle action Naimittika sambandha Causality effect relation Naisargik mithyaatva Agruhit mithyatva; Inborn wrong belief Naischayika Real; Proper; From the nishchaya point of view Naishthika Jain by conviction Naisthika sraavaka Model stager; Pledged votary Naiyayika Nayaya-adherent Nali Tunnel; Channel; A time unit Namaha Bow; Salutation Namanee Bent; Bowing; Angerless Namaskaara Reverential greeting Prostration; Bowing; Salutation; Obeisance Namaskaara mantra (1) Reverent salutation to the five holy beings - arihants, siddhas, acharyas, upadhayas and sadhus/sadhvis; (2) A prayer consisting of nine lines, which is the most meaningful of all Jain prayers in that it allows the follower to pay homage to all teachers; (3) This is the core mantra of the Jainas, if it can be called by that name. Translated into English, it's only an obeisance to the five agents of well-being, called pancha- paramesthi. (4) The daily prayer of Jains Naminaatha 21st Teerthankara Namo Obeisance; A posture of reverence with folded hands and bowed head Namokaara mantra or mahaa mantra (1) This is the core mantra of the Jainas, if it can be called TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 144 of 271

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Namostu Namoththunam Namravritti Nandana-vana Napunsaka dravya Napunsaka bhaava Napunsaka linga Nara Naracha sanhanana Naraka Naraka by that name. Translated into English, it's only an obeisance to the five agents of well-being, called pancha-paramesthi. (2) The daily prayer of Jains Bow and salutations to three (1) Expression of respect to the virtuous gurus; (2) Respectful expression for teachers of virtues Humility A forest, well known for its beauty, said to be located somewhere between Mount Meru and Devakuru. Physically neuter gender Psychically hermaphrodite; Psychically neuter Hermaphrodite libido Carriers of objectives; Human destinity; Human A bone joint; Osseous structure Pain carries; Hell (1) Hellish duration (2) A karma (3) The nether world where hellish beings reside. Hellish succession Hellish residence Hellish-destinity; A karmic result Hells. As per the Jaina view of cosmos, there are seven hells as follows: Naraka anupurvi Naraka bhumi Naraka gati Narakas 1. Ratnaprabha 2. Sarkaraprabha 3. Valukaprabha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 145 of 271

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4. Pankaprabha 5. Dhumaprabha 6. Tamahprabha 7. Mahatamahprabha Narka Nasak Hell Destruction; Ksaya Nati Bow Navadevata Navadha bhakti Navakaar Navakaara mantra Diagram is the circle of the Siddha, the omniscient one consists of a stylized lotus with eight petals. It is also called Siddhachakra. Nine-fold devotion. A prayer of nine lines (1) This is the core mantra of the Jainas, if it can be called by that name. Translated into English, it's only an obeisance to the five agents of well-being, called panchaparamesthi. (2) The daily prayer of Jains Rosary Nine fundamental principles of Jainism. A precise knowledge about these is essential for the liberation of the soul which is in bondage. These nne categories are: Navakaarvali Navatattva * Jiva (souls) * Ajiva (non-living substances). In this group are dharma (motion), adharma (rest), akasa (space), kala (time), and pudgala (matter-particles). Asrava (influx of karma in the form of matter-particles which stick to the soul spaces and act as fetters) TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 146 of 271

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Naya Nayavaada Nayavivaksha Neminaatha Neun Nibandha Nicha gotra Nichagotra/Nicairgotra Nichairvrtti Nichavara Nidaana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA * Bandha (bondage) * Punya (virtue) * Paapa (vice) * Samvara (arresting karma influx) * Nirjara (exhausting accumulated karma) * Moksa (liberation, which takes place when the soul is liberated, perfected and enlightened because of the total release from the clutches of matter-particles) These nine can be reduced to two major categories, jiva and ajiva, which are the very basic of basic principles. Others simply help to understand the process of karma bondage until liberation. (1) Standpoint; (2) Viewpoint; (3) Partial point of view; (4) a particular opinion or viewpoint Doctrine of view point; Standpoint; Standpointism A point of view with object's primary characterstics in focus 22nd Teerthankara Samll Connection; Operation The lower and miserable state of an individual with reference to its individual and social status. Low status; A karma type Humility Propitiatory offerings Desire for future or future pleasure with performance of good deeds; Desire sting; A thorn; Longing for Page 147 of 271

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Nidaanaj Nidal Nidana salya Nidhatta Nidhatti Nidra karma Nidra nidra Nidra or Nindra Nidra yoga Nidranidra Nigamana Nigganth enjoyment Desires-related Forehead Sting of desire for enjoyment It is the state of condition (karmic) in which the increase or decrease of the intensity of the karma is determined by the capacity of the karmic condition. It does not refer to the Irise (udaya) or any other karmic state. Thickening, Incapability of activity/Processes except augmentation Karma of sleep Ordinary sleep karma type Deep sleep, a type of karma. Sleep Meditated sleep Deep sleep Deduction; Conclusion |(1) One without worldly possession; (2) One who does not believe in scriptures (1) Lowest forms of life, Mmcro-organisms, general plants. (2) The particular state of jiva or soul is nigoda, in which state it may reside for infinite period of time. Microscopic life immobile (sthavar) onesensed soul Nigodha jiva Soul in its purest form Body of micro-organisms and general plants Non-permanent lowest life Control; Censure; Restriction Reasoning flaw; Blamed point Control; Censure; Restriction Nigoda Nigoda jiva Nigoda sarira Nigoda, Itara Nigraha Nigraha sthaana Nigrahana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 148 of 271

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Nigudha tarka Nihaara Niharima Nihkankshita Nih-kanksita Nihkantkshita anga Nih-sahi Nih-salya Nih-sanga Nih-sankita Nihshankit Nihshankti anga Nih-silatva Nih-silavratatva Nih-sreyasa Nikachanaa Nikachita Abstract reasoning Excretion e.g urine, stool etc. Death within human habitation Desirelessness of worldly pleasures Desireless Not to expect material returns for serving religion May my sins be off; Reverential request for Jina temple entry Devoid of stings; Devoid of thorns Non-attached Doubtless Doubtlessness in the elements Strong faith in Tattvas as rationaled by jainism. Devoid of conduct Non-observance of vows Spiritual enjoyment, Spiritual welfare/Prosperity, Salvation. Cementation, Incapacitation It is a state of karmic particles in which there is neither increases nor decreases in the intensity of the karmic effect. Nor is there transformation of karmic process. (2) Sticking Without corporeal body Siddha Group, Class, Corpus Deceit; Maaya It is a dialectical process which presents the various aspects for understanding the nature of the things through the point of view of substance, dravya, its qualities and Nikala Nikala-parmaatmaa Nikaya Nikriti Niksepa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 149 of 271

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Niksepa Niksepa dravya Niksepa bhaava Niksepa, dristi Niksepa-adhikarana Nikshepa Nila Nila-lesyaa Nimesa Nimisa Nimitta Nimitta gnaana Nimitta kaarana Nimitta Naimittic sambandha Nimmitta Nimmitta kartaa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA proper name etc.; It is a method of knowing the nature of a thing from various points of view; Posting Installation; Posting Substantive posting Model posting Positional viewpoint; Definitive standpoint Cleaning Analysis of truth, installation, attribution, imposition, Blue; A number (10) Blue aura A time unit, 1/4 second. Eye brink; Wink (1) Cause; (2) Instrumental; (3) Concomitant; (4) Instrumental; (5) Efficient; (6) Auxiliary cause Science of omens; Prognostics Contemporary external cause appearing to influence the event; Instrumental cause; Efficient cause; Cause secondary to one's own self cause; Auxiliary cause; Field cause; Eternal causal agency Law of synchronicity; Principle cause of self and instrumental or auxiliary cause relationship Purpose; Rreason; Pretext; Any apparent cause; Instrumental Ignorant soul becomes does of its own infatuation. This infatuation is the nimmitta in the matter particle's mode. This is nimmitta karta of the ignorant soul. In fact nimmitta can not do any work for matter particles. Ignorant soul's yog and upyog are known as nimmitta karta, external Page 150 of 271

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Nimmittakarana Ninda Ninhava Nira Niraabaadha Niraakara Niraalambana Niraasa Niragara Nirakarana cause. Instrumental cause; Auxiliary cause; Eeternal causal agency; Field cause; Efficient cause Condemn (2) Criticize Concealment; Heresy; Concealment of knowledge. Negative (Nakaar) Unobstructive Formless; Indefinite; indeterminate (conation) One who stays in Adhyaatama or pursuing the goal of self i.e soul without any instrumental cause; Self guiding and supporting; Not dependant on other causes Interestless Renouncer of household Exclusion; Elimination; End; Cancelling; Cancellation; Refutation; Solution mystic monosyllable Calmness Serenity without blemish; Without Raaga One without raga and body Continuous Continually salvated. Discrete. Momentary without residue Flow of transformation without residue. Unqualified restraint. Non-transgresson Pure Nirakshari Nirakulata Nirakulta Niranjana Niranjana niraakara Nirantara Nirantara siddha Niranvaya Niranvaya ksanika Niranvya parinama, pravaha Nirapeksa sanyama Niratichaara Niravaadya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 151 of 271

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Nirbadha Nirbhaya Nirbhayata Nirdesa Nirdeshaka Nirdhamana Nirdhutamoha Nirdosha Nirdvanda Nirgrantha Nirguna niraakara Nirjaraa Nirjaranupreksa Nirlepa Nirlepana Nirlobha Nirmaana Nirmalta TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Uncontradicted; Incontrovertible Fearless Fearlessness Description; Instruction Pointing at Sewerage With delusion expelled (1) Innocent, (2) blamelss, (3) Virtuous (4) Perfect. Solitary; Devoid of duality (1) Those having no books referred to Jains; (2) The follower of Jainism; (3) One who believes that absolute truth can be known only to omniscient and written and spoken preaches by others can not have absolute truth; (4) Unattached; (5) Possessionless; (6) Knotless Formless; Quality less (1) Dissociation causes; (2) Dissociation of karma; (3) One of the nine tattvas; (4) Disintegration; (5) It is a process of the removal of the accumulated karmas; (6) Partial dissociation of karmic matter from the soul Nirvana i.e. The liberation of the soul from samsara ; (7) Salvation Reflection on dissociation Without moha or attraction Completing completions Greedless remains To make; Create; Ascertain; Physique making karma; Of formation; Formation Serenity Page 152 of 271

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Nirmohi Nirodha Nirpexa Nirupabhogya Nirupadhik Nirupama Nirupana Nirvaana Attachmentless; Free from illusion; Detached; Indifferent; Disinterested Hindrance; Cessation; Stop Non relativistic: Without any reference; Independent; Without any expectation Non-reducible age One without any alien attachment Incomparable Discourse; Description; Exposition; Explanation; Description; Elucidation; Explication; Interpretation; Account; Commentary; Appraisal; Assessment; Discussion; Exegesis Freedom from bondage of the worldly existence; The highest liberation of the self; Liberation; Salvation; Emancipation; Moksha Salvation place Holy event of salvation Formation; Dispelling Indifference to the world; Negative feelings Detachment Not reflecting; Thoughtlessness; Inconsiderate Nonrepugnance at the afflicted ones: Free from doubts or reflection; Freedom form disgust; Nondisgust Immutable; Passionless state; Unchanged; Unchangeable; Disinterested; Pure Without Thought; Pure undetermined sensation; Indeterminate perception; Without particulars; Not capable of mutual relation; Recognizing no distinction as that of Nirvaana bhumi Nirvaana kalyaanaka Nirvartana Nirveda Nirvega Nirvichaara Nirvichikitsa Nirvikaara Nirvikalpa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 153 of 271

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Nirvikalpa gyaana Nirvratatva Nirvrti, indriya Nirvveda Niryanitya avaktavya Niryapaka Niryuki Nisadya Nisarga Nisarga kaala Nisarga ruchi Nisargaja Nischala Nischaya subject and object or knower and known; Exclusive concentration on one entity without distinct and separate consciousness of knower, known and knowing. indeterminate knowledge Vow-lessness Formative sense; Subtype of physical sense Detachment Permanent-cum-impermanent-cum-indescribable Preceptor of voluntary death A type of prakrita commentary Seating Nature; Inborn error The time to leave or abandon Natural predilection Natural immovable; Fixed; Firm Absolute; Non-conventional; Ultimate/ideal; Determination; Resolve; Decision; Assurance; Certainty; Certainly; Positively Definitive violence The noumenal point of view; Absolute point of view; Non-conventional view; Ideal/essential view; Transcendental (Supernatural) viewpoint; Absolute standpoint Resolutely; With determination; Definitely; Certainly Fallacy of absolute point of view; Perceived absolute point of view Determined; Decisive Nischaya hinsaa Nischaya naya Nischaya purvaka Nischayabhas Nischayatmaka TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 154 of 271

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Nisedha Niseka Nishchaya Nishchaya kaala Nishchaya naya Nishchayamaarga Nishedha Nishhkashhaya Nishhkriya Nisidana Nisidika Nisitha sutra Niskarana Niskarma Niskriya Nispaapa Nispatti Nispratikaara Nispruhaa Negation Specific karmic aggregate; Drippings Absolute real existent exact Real time; Absolute time Absolute point of view Absolute path Negation; Negative element Without kashhaaya Passive no action Sit; Seat Foot-prints; Foot marks Secondary canon of inflationary punishments. Selfless Unattached Inert (motionless), Inactive. Sinless Ratio Unavoidable Desirelessness Support; Shelter Exposed out breath; Exhale Permanent; Constant; Eternal Permanent-cum-changeable Permanent-cum-indescribable Permanence; Externality Eternalism Solution; Remove; To break or satisfy doubt Nisra Nistrita Nisvaasa Nitya Nitya-anitya Nitya-avaktavya Nityatva Nityavada Nivaarana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 155 of 271

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Nivesana Nivritti baadara Nivritti maarga Niyama Niyamasaara Niyata vipaaka Niyata vratti Niyati Niyativaada No Noaagama Nogauunya Noguna Noindriya Noindriya pratyaksa No-jiva Nokarma Nokasaaya Nokevala Noskandha Nyaasa Nyaasa Nyaasa apaahaara Nyaaya Nyaaya darsana Nyagrodha parimandala sansthana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Persuasion; Investment State of gross-passions eradication Self-realization Real right conduct passionlessness; Restraint; Vow Jain sacred book on real right conduct Ascertained fruition Fixed stratum; Fixed abiding Fate; Destiny; Fortune. Determinism as a theory; Fatalism; Determinism Negation; Partial affirmation; Quasi Procanons; Quasi-canons Prominence Quasi-quality Quasi-sense; Mind It is the form of pratyaksa which is due to the noindriya i.e. mind, without the help of the sense organs. Quasi karma Quasi karma particles Subsidiary passion; Quasi-passion 3rd and 4th cognitions Quasi-aggregate Installation; Posting It is a method of knowing the nature of a thing from various points of view; It is also called niksepa; Posting Misappropriation The perception scripture of Gautam swami Nyaaya philosophy Partly symmetrical configuration; Banyan-tree Page 156 of 271

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TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA configuration Page 157 of 271

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(Alphabetic listing O) JAIN WORD Ogha (ogha) Ohm (ohma) Oja (oja) Ojahara (ojahara) Om (oma) omniscient (omnisAyenTa) Oonodar (Unodara) Osada (osaDa) Osadhi (osadhI) TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA MEANING Traditional; Common of group or conglomerate Sacred sound formed by combining the first syllable of each word in the namaskara mantra. Body luster; Odd number Absorption intake (1) A sacred syllable; Paragons; Symbol of traid. (2) It represents the pure soul; Divine voice of Tirthankar (3) Sacred sound formed by combining the first syllable of each word in the namaskara mantra The soul which possesses the knowledge of entire universe i.e loka and all the times i.e infinite past, present, and infinite future. (dist) Partial Medicine or cure Cereals; Medicinal plants Page 158 of 271

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P (Alphabetic listing P) JAIN WORD Paachankriya Paahuda Paakkhi Paakshika Paancha Paapa Paapa bhaava Paapa sramana Paapa yoni Paapa, dravya/ bhaava Paapacharana Paapakarma Paapaprakriti Paaranaa Paaraninda Paarapakhanda Paarsva Paarsvaka MEANING Digestive action Gift; Treatise Fortnightly Fortnightly; Jain by birth adoption or bias Five Demerit; Vice; Inauspicious or unwholesome Karmas Soul's inauspicious manifestation of consciousness; Unwholesome; Inauspicious dispositions Sinful or transgressor monk Base born; Sinful birth Sin Physical/psychical; Evil action; Demerit Sinful activity; Sinful conduct Sinful karmas; Sinful activity Demerited karma type; Demerited karmic species. Fast-breaking Condemnation Heretic Twenty-third tirthankara of the Jainas. Spiritual progeny of Paarsvanaatha; Slack; Waverred; monk; Paarsvapatyas Spiritual progeny of Paarsvanaatha; Slack; Waverred; monk; Paarsvapatyas Spiritual progeny of Paarsvanaatha; Slack; Waverred; monk; Paarsvapatyas Paarsvapatya Paarsvastha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 159 of 271

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Paarthiva dharana Paarvati Paatha Paathashaalaa Paatra Paatrajati Paatrataa Paatukrama Pachchakhaana Pad Visualisation of scenes of earth element Wife of Lord Shiva of the Hindu Gods; Mother-Goddess (1) Reading or reciting; (2) regular reading, (3) recitation, of religious books; (4) Lesson; (5) text of book, reading; |(6) Portion of text book to be read in a day; (7) Acting; (8) Teaching School where jainism is taught; School Bowl or vessel; Worthy Leafy plants Eligibility; Worthiness Fast order of succession Formality for taking a vow; Determination; Vow; A kind of a oath for doing any fasting |(1) A Stanza of poem; (2) Poem; (3) Collections of letters, a word. Length measure, 6 angulas, 14 part of verse; Step Number of terms; Meaningful word; Syllable Six dravyas or substances with their attributes and Paryaya(change of state); Meaning of a word; Thing corresponding to a word; A thing; Object; Substace; matter; Category of existent; Category Mantra-based Meditation of holy chants; Litany Introspection Lotus-pink aura Abandonment of the body; A standing posture of meditation is kayotsarga and sitting position is called padmasana Pada Padalgaccha Padaartha Padastha Padastha dhyaana Padikkamanama Padma lesyaa Padmaasana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 160 of 271

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Padmanaatha Padukaa Padya Pakavaanna Pakhanda-mudhata Paksa Paksa dharmatva Paksabhaasa Paksha Pakshaabhaasa Pakshantikranta Pakshi Pakshika sraavaka Paksikrta Pakva Pala Palya Palyanka Palyopama Sixth Teerthankara Footprint A poem or song as opposed to Gadya which is story or writing Cooked food Perverse faith; Peverse idiocy Subject: Minor term; Fort-night Subjective subsistence Fallacious argument Side; Aspect; Side of an argument; Thesis Fallacy in argument Beyond any argument state; Beyond any aspect Fortnightly; Penitential retreat Gross votary Subject: Minor term; Fort-night Cooked Weight unit, 4 karsas, moment. A measure of pit-based time Posture of sitting on hams (1) A measure of simile time; (2) Pit-measured time; (3) It is a measure of time by the Jaina standards Drinks; A food type Five-fold conduct Five extended substances Five-sensed; Five senses Five auspicious events Solution of five sacreds; Charanaamrita Five of the six entities of the Universe e.g. Jiva Pudgala Pana Pancha aachara Pancha astikaya Pancha indriya Pancha kalyaanaka Pancha-amrita Panchaastikaaya | TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 161 of 271

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Panchaastikaayasaara Pancha-bhaava Pancha-kalyaana Panchakalyanaka-pratistha Panchakalyanaka-pratisthaa mahotsava Pancha-paraavartana Pancha-parameshthi Panchendriya Panchendriya-naamakarma Panchvidhataa Pandit-apandit/sraavaka Panduroga Pani patra Panimikta gati Panipaatra TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Dharma Adharma and Akash and without six entity Time. The Sacred book authored by Acharya Shree Kundkunda swami Five types of emotions The five auspicious events in the life of a Tirthankara Consecration of images through five-fold auspicious events The ceremony depicting the five events of conception, birth, renunciation, enlightenement and nirvana is called Panchakalyanaka-pratistha-mahotsava. The great celebration of installation through the five auspicious events. Panch paravartan i.e. mundane soul wanders in five kind of cycle of wandering. (1) Five supreme benevolent personalities namely Arihanta, Siddha, Achaarya, Upaadhyaaya and Sadhu; (2) Five supreme souls; (3) Five worship-able supreme sacred souls, Arihantas, Ashareeri (Siddha), Acharya, Upadhyaya, Muni (Sadhu) Souls with five senses or five sensed life form, namely touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing. Physique-making karma of five sense organs. Five varieties Religious listener; Votary Jaundice Hand-bowl Curved motion; Transmigratory motion Hand-bowled monk; Hand bowl Page 162 of 271

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Panka-bahula-khanda Pankaja Pannato Panyaasa Papopadesh Par bhaava Par dravya Par or Para Para samaya Paraashrita Paraavartana Para-chatushtaya Para-dravya Paragami Paragati Paraghata Para-kaya-sastra Paralinga Paraloka Parama Parama aagama Parama brahma Parama paarinaamika bhaava Parama suddha nischaya naya Paramaanu Mud-predominating portion (of hell) Lily flower Spoken or taught A special status of idolater svetambara monks; A rank of preceptor Evil instruction Alien condition; Alien quality Alien substance Non-self; Anything not Soul or of soul is para Heretic canons; Alien canons; Non-Jain canons. Based on alien substances Change of state; Wandering; Repetition; Reflection; Cycle of change Other's quarter union; Group of four aliens Alien substance or object , location, time and mode Transcending Supreme destinity; Highest goal Accident Alien-body weapon Alien mark Alien world; Other world Supreme highest scriptures supreme soul Pure inherent nature of the soul A view point believing Supreme pure soul The smallest ultimate particle of the matter from which other atoms that we know are made TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 163 of 271

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Paramaanu, dravya/bhaava Paramaartha Paramaartha pratyaksa Paramaarthe Paramaataman or Paramaatmaa Paramaatma sakal Paramanu karya/karana Paramaudarika-sarira Paramavadhi Parameshthi Paramita Parampaar bandha Parampara Substantive/model atom. |(1) Highest reality; (2) For the benefit of the top i.e. soul Direct non-sensory perception From the point of view of Moksha The highest liberated soul; Supreme soul; Inner soul Soul of Arihantaa Effect/cause, atom Supremely pure-gross body Supreme clairvoyance Supreme benevolent personalities; Paragon; Supremely chosen Perfections Bond in continuity Tradition; Convention; Roundabout procedure; Custom sequence; Heretic succession Praising others Syllogistic deductive reasoning; Syllogistic; Inference for others Alien nature. Alien/non-self-inclusion. Souls render service to one another.' From Tattvartha Sutra 1: 4:1. Priority; Procedure Teaching others Delegation to others Model viewpoint; Modal standpoint To tell the meaning of the scripture in a right way Speaking; Talking; Discourse; Scripture suggesting the Para-prasansaa Pararthanumana Pararupa Parasamavatara Parasparopagraho jivaanam Parattva Para-upadesa Para-vyapdesa Parayayarthikanaya Paribhaashaa Paribhaashaana dpointin a right way,ting the TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 164 of 271

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Paribhoga Paribhramana Parichchheda Paridevana Paridhi Parigna Parigraha Parigraha parimaana Parigraha tyaga-pratima Parigrahanandi raudradhyana Parigrahatyaaga pratimaa Parigrahiki kriya Parihara visuddhi Parihra Parikarma Parikarma-astaka Pariksaa Pariksepa Parimaana Parimeeta Parimoksa Parinaama TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA real meaning where it belongs. Repeatably consummble; Upabhoga Wandering about; going round and round; revolving; rotation. Knowledge; Education; Religious or good teaching Lamentation Circumference Renunciation (1) Possession; (2) Attachment to belongings; (3) Worldly attachment; (4) Possession Limiting one's possession; Possessional limiting Model stage of possession renunciation. Angeral meditation involving attachment. The ninth stage in which a layman abandons the cares of worldly possessions. Attachmental activity Purificatory course Expulsion Mathematics; A division of 12th canon 8-Fold maths operation set Examination; Critique Circumference (1) Measured; (2) of proportion Measured; Limited by measurement; Neither more of less Release from suffering Mode; Condition; Thought activity; Change of modification; Physical condition; Change of state; Volition; Modification; Transition or Transformation;, Page 165 of 271

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Parinaama sakti Parinaamana Parinaamavaada Parinaamika bhaava Parinam hetutva Parinami Parinami karana Parinamic bhaava Parinamiki Parinami-nityavaada Parinamita Parinata Parinati Paripaaka Paripati Parisada Parisadya Parisahajaya Parisesa nyaaya Parishaha jaya Result Volitional /model energy. Transformation, fructification, Modification, Change Evolution; Doctrine of transformation Inherent volition / Disposition. Instrumental cause in the modification of a substance. Changing. Changeble cause. inherent nature of a substance, Natural activity of soul, Volitional. Doctrine of chandebility-cum-constancy. State of innate change Transformed Modification, bending; Result; End; Maturity Termination or completion; Fully ripened Order; Lineage Assembly Affliction Victory over afflictions; Subdual/bearing afflicton Maxim of remainder Conquest of affliction by endurance; Conquest by lendurance over afflictions; The victories over troubles Natural afflictions; Natural hardships Motion; Vibration Vibration Afflux of karma Peripheral One-souled body Parishhaha Parispanda Parispandana Parisrava Parita Paritakaya, jiva TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 166 of 271

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Paritapiki Parityaaga Parivandana Parivartana Parivartana Parivarta-pravesa Parivrajaka Pariyojaka Parmaanu Parmaarnika Parmaartha Parmaartha tatva Parmaarthic Parmaatma Parmaatma Nikala Parmeshthi Par-nimitta Paroksa Paroksa gyaana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Mental pain activity Giving up Praise End of yuga or age; change; revolution; act of revolving; inversion. Change; Cycle; End of yuga or age; change; revolution; act of revolving; Inversion; Transmigration thru secular circle of dravya space time bhaava and life Entering other's body Paribrajak order of monks; Non-Jain medicants; Wandering mendicants All round knower of Jain tenets. Atom Transcendental (1) Tool and activities for the best goal of the soul i.e. Moksha; (2) The best interest i.e Moksha of the soul; (3) (4) Ultimate Truth or reality; (5) Transcendental reality supreme element; Suddha upyoga Absolute point of view (1) Siddha; (2) Liberated Soul of Arihanta and Siddha; (3) Supreme soul; (4) Arihanta; (5) Transcendental self; (6) One who has attained salavation, moksha or nirvana Soul of siddha Top or best beings; Supreme Soul Alien instrumental cause (1) Sensory congnition/Indirect congnition; (2) Indirect organ of knowledge; (3) Opposite of Pratyaksha Sensory congnition; Indirect knowledge. Page 167 of 271

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VVVA Paroxa Paroxa pramaana Parribhoga Par-samaya Parshvanaatha Parva Paryaapta Paryaapti |(1) Sensory congnition/Indirect congnition; (2) Indirect organ of knowledge; (3) Opposite of Pratyaksha indirect knowledge; Knowledge of soul from upatt and anupatt that means knowledge of soul gathered from senses, mind, light, discourses etc. for example, scriptural proof (agam praman), and omniscient's preaching (sarvagna ni vaani) are parox pramaan. Parimana vrata; Vow of limiting consumables and nonconsumables False believer; The impure one; Absorbed in the non self 23rd Teerthankara of Jainism Jain holy days; Festival; Celebartion Developed; Completioned; Complete Development; Biopotential; Completion; Developable ness, Completely developed; Complete development of organs; Gaining by the soul of the capacity to develop fully the characteristics of the body into which it incarnates. A type of physique making karma causing complete development of body. Category |(1) Change of state every samaya, where dhruva part stays permanent, last change dies and new change takes birth; (2) Modification; (3) Variety; (4) Form; (5) Modes Intrinsic mode View point of wrong believer Successive mode Coexisting mode Paryaapti naam karma Paryaava Paryaaya Paryaaya artha Paryaaya drasti Paryaaya krama-bhavi Paryaaya sahabhavi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 168 of 271

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Paryaaya sthavira Paryaaya vyanjana Paryaayadrasti Paryaayarthika naya Paryaayavaachaka Paryalochanaa Paryankasana Paryaya bhaava Paryudasa pratisedha Paryupasanaa Paryushana Paryushana parva 20-yeared monk Manifest mode; Explicit mode Model standpoint Relative aspect; Modification point of view; The point of view of modes Synonyms Contemplation Posture of sitting on hams Modification; Mode Indirect negation Service; Devotion Spiritual Awareness |(1) 8-10 days Jain holy festival (Aug-Sep); (2) Celebration of spritiual awareness A ten-day holy period for fasting during the rainy season (usually August or September). State food; Partially fermented food. A measure unit Foot print Lower region of universe Beneficial Eligibility; Worthiness Man-made; Human-efforted. (1) A religious practice in which the lay follower spends a night like a monk. He keeps away from his wife and normal family life. (2) See Vratas Monkhood exposure vow I seek Paryushan-parva Paryusita Pasati Pasuka Patala Pathya Patrataa Pauruseya Paushadha Paushadha vrata Pavazzaami TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 169 of 271

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Pavitra Petaabheda Phala Phala bandhana Phalodaha Pichhi Pindaprakrti Pindashtha Pindastha dhyaana Pipaasa Pipasa parisaha Pita-lesya Pithikaa Pitruloka Pooja Poorvaapara Poorvabaddha Porisi Posadhopavaasa Posaha-sala Poshadha Pota Potaja Pra TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Pure; Faultless Subdivision Fruit; Effect; Resultant Bondage of effect Fruitional opetation Fly whisk or broom of the softest peacock feathers; Whisk broom (1) The aggregate of the many sub-types of karma; (2) 14 sub-type of physique-making karma, Classifiable types. Embodiment-based Meditation on certain object Thirst; Desire; Trisna Thirstal affliction Yellow aura Preface; Introductory part World of manes Worship Forward and backward Previously bonded karma Food-renunciating for first three hours of day Fasting on the eighth and fourteenth days of the each lunar fortnight; The third sikshavrata and fourth pratima Fasting hall A day chosen by a householder to spend or live a day like a muni or monk Umblical birth without covering; Un-umbilical birth Born without membrane/placenta; Born in base state Return; Redoing Page 170 of 271

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Praana Praana Praana sanyama Praanaayama Praanabadha Praanapana Praanavada Praanayu Praanidhaana Praani-sanyama Praanita-rasa bhojana varjana Praarabdha Praarambha Praathmika Praayaschitta Prabhaa Prabhaangana Prabhaava Prabhaavana Bio-energy, vital airs, Vitality, Vitality or life principles are ten five senses, energy, respirations, life duration, the organ of speech and mind. The one sensed living has four, two sensed have five, three sensed have six, four sensed have eight, five sensed with no mind have nine and sentient five sensed living beings have ten vitalities Life; Soul; Breadth Vitality control (1) Yogic respiratory control; (2) Breathcontrol or Breath exercises Killing Nasal and anusal airs; Respiration A name for ancient medical science of vitality A name for ancient medical science of vitality Reflective meditation (sense and quasi-sense) Desistance from injury to other living beings Refraining from delicious food. Past karmas To initiate; To start Of the beginning or start Expiation; Repentance; Atonement; Penitence Luster Hurricane Efficacy; Effect |(1) Glorification after religious festival; (2) Promotion; (3) Distribute amongst co-religious associates some material gift; (4) Distribution of presents after religious occasion; |(5) Illumination; (6) Propagation of the path of Liberation TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 171 of 271

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Prabhaavita Prabhrata Prabhruta Prabhu Prabodha Prabuddha Pracchana Prachalaa Prachalaa prachalaa Prachaya Pradaksina Pradesa bandha Pradesagra Pradesha Influenced; Impressed Gift; Treatise Gift; Present; Offering Master; Capable; Lord Maturation Highly intelligent Questioning Drowsiness; Trance Drowsiness; Deep drowsiness Common difference; Collection. Salutary circling; Circumambulation Karmic space-pointal bond Fore-front of space points |(1) Spatial unit or an unit of space unit; (2) Quantity; (3)| A smallest space point |(1) Shape formation attribute; (2) Shape retentivity Manifestation of karmic space points, Non-fruitional operation. The best amongst the category Prominence Destructional non-existence Subsequent non existence; Post nonexistence Ilusive or maliceful mentality; When someone is giving an exposition of true knowledge, which is the means to the attainment of liberation, another person is spiteful and malignant in his attitude towards it; This is spite evil intention; Spite To shine as light or lamp Pradeshatva Pradesodaya Pradhaana Pradhanya Pradhvansa abhaava Pradhvansa bhaava Pradosha Pradyota TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 172 of 271

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Pragabhaava Pragat Pragna parisaha Pragnaa Pragnana Pragnapana Prahara Praivartula Prakaara Prakarana Prakarana-sama Prakasa sakti Prakashit Prakirnaka Prakriti Prakrti sankramana Prakrti-bandhana/bandha Prakruti Praksalana Praksepana Praksipta Pralaya Prama Pramaada TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Antecedent non existence; Prior non existence Manifested Intellect affliction Wisdom; Intellect; Talent Perception Injunction; Presentation A period of three hours Big circle Variety Preface; Short treatise: Discourse; Chapter: Case Counterveiled Self-illuminating power Illuminated Miscelleny Nature; Species; Type of karma/Configuration Transition of karmic species Karmic species bondage; Type bondage/configurational bondage. Nature or Swabhaava Washing and cleaning Projection Interpolation Deluge; Destruction; Disappearance; Dissolution. Determination (1) Recklessness; (2) Inadvertence; (3) Carelessness in experiencing the soul; (4) Indolence; (5) Negligence (6) Remissness, (7) Non-vigilance; (9) Idleness; (10) Carelessness: (11) Laziness Page 173 of 271

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Pramaada chaarya Pramaana Pramaanya Pramaatta Praman saptabhangi Pramana (angulgavyuti, yojana) Pramanabhasa Pramanangula Pramanikta Pramata Pramatr Pramatta virata Pramatta-sanyata Pramattayoga Pramatva Prameya Careless dealings (1) Comprehensive view; (2) A full and general apprehension of reality; (3) Valid Knowledge; |4) Validity; (5) Organ of knowledge; (6) Instrument of valid cognition: (7) Comprehensive knowledge (*) Right knowledge Validity (1) Excited; (2) Subject of knowledge; (3) Learned one in subject matter; (4) Negligent; (5) Careless; (6) Insolent; (7) intoxicated; (8) Knower Measure pertaining to seven combinations Units of length, measures and weights. Pseudo-organ of knowledge A length measure Authenticity; Honesty Pramaad; Laziness The knower Non-vigilanlty restrained Restrained with remissness Negligent activity: Non-vigilant activity Organ of knowledge Object of knowledge; Object to be known completely; Theorem; Self (swagyeya) is the object of knowledge; Subject Knowability; Knowableness; Subject matter of knowledge; Capacity of being known by someone Authentic knowledge Joy; Pleasure; Delight; Gladness Prameyatva Pramiti Pramoda TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 174 of 271

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Pranaama Pranapana paryaapti Pranapratistha Pranati-patiki kriya Pranidhaana Pranita Prapti-riddhi Prapyakari Prarupa Prarupanaa Prarupela Praryakhyana varana karma Prasaada Offer reverence with folded hands on chest. Respiratory completion Enlivening ceremony; Deification of image Vitality deprivation activity The stability or quieting down of the kriya or activities of the mind, speech body Informed; Spoken Acquisitional prosigy Contactile; The senses which are applicable for the subject of knowledge e.g. hearing for music Type; Proforma Enunciation; Presentation Given the rup or presented Renunciation-obscuring karma Blessed food; Food distributed after worship process is over Direct negation Spiritual calmness Incidental Serenity; Being delighted Formal expression of praise; Laudations Restraining the mind from passions and other evil tendencies Raag for vitraagta. Aprashasta raag mean raag for raag Facing the self or soul; Beautiful More Beautiful; Better Accomplished; Success; Attainment; Famousity Stratum or layer in society Prasajya pratisedha Prasama Prasangaja Prasannatta Prasasti Prashama Prashasta raaga Prashhasta Prashhastatar Prasidhdhi Prastara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 175 of 271

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Prastha Prasuka Prasupta Pratara Pratara-gata-samudghata Prathamanuyoga Prati Pratibandha Pratibhaa Pratibhaasa Pratibimba Pratichcheda Pratichchhanda Pratighata Pratignaa Pratigraha Pratihaarya Pratijivi Pratijnahani Pratijnantara Pratika Pratikramana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA A measure: 4 kudavas Sterilised; Warmed Dormant Layer A real expansion; A real emanation/extrication. Biographical exposition. Opposite or towards (1) Re-tying of karma; (2) Restricted; (3) The realtion with attraction, love desire etc.; (4) To stop Personality Genius, Intuition, talent, brilliancy Reflection like Mirror image (2) Apprehension (3) Shining. (1) Image; (2) Image of Jina or Arhat Corresponding section Echo Counterblow Provable proposition; Thesis statement of major and minor term; Oath; Promise; Acknowledge; Admit; Confirm; Assert Acceptance Auspicious emblems; Attendant splendours; 8 auspicious emblems of lord arihant Opposite attributes; Non-affirmative Abandonment of proposition Counter-thesis; Counter proposition Symbol; Symbolism; Sandrasti. (1) Going back to the original virtues (of soul), which are: compassion, peace, even-temperament, forgiveness, etc.; (2) Turn black; (3) Ritualized repentance; (4) Repentance Page 176 of 271

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Pratikriya Pratiksepa Pratilabha Pratilekhana Pratilomakrama Pratimaa introspection; (5) Penitential retreat; (6) Expiatory recitals; (7) A confession for lapses, omissions and commissions to oneself. This is to be done daily, fortnightly, and yearly. Reaction Rebut; Reject Offering alms or charity Whisk broom; whisk-brooming Inverse order; Reverse order |(1) Idol or image of lord; (2) Stage of renunciation for a layman; (3) Model stage i.e. 11 (Eleven) stages of renunciation of a householder. They are 1. darshan pratima possessing perfect intelligence and well reasoned faith in Jainism, that is having sound knowledge of doctrines and their applications in life. 2. Vrat Pratima keeping up the twleve vows and extra vow of voluntary death sallekhana. 3. Samayik Pratima Standard small measures Represent; Expound; Illuminator Affirming, representing, expounding, proving, illuminating Rival party; Rival view; Opponent Fall; Counter-fall Definitive knowledge Final elimination Questioning Imitation trade; Adulteration trade Every moment; Without interruption; Continuous Seclusion Pratimana Pratipaadak Pratipaadan Pratipaksa Pratipata Pratipatti Pratiprasava Pratiprcchana Pratirupaka vyavaahara Pratisamaye Prati-sanlinata TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 177 of 271

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Pratisarana Pratisedha Pratisedhya Prati-sevana Pratisevana kusila Pratishthapan samiti Pratistha Pratisthita Pratita Pratiti Induction Repudiation Negatum Transgression Transgressory imperfect monks Careful about disposal of excrete and waste (1) Installation ceremony for the idol; (2) Consecration festival; (3) Dedication ceremony; (4) Consecratory installation; (5) Consecration festival Enshrined; Consecrated Acknowledged; Recognized; Convinced of any thing; Firmly resolved up on; Ttrusting in; Resolute; Obstructed 1) Conviction; (2) Confidece; (3) Faith or belief; (4) A state of experience; 5) Ascertain; (6) Complete understanding; (7) Khaatri By experience; Empirical Rival party; Rival view; Opponent; Adversaries Retaliatory black magic. Distinguished; Differrence Dismiss Counter-part; Competitor Recognition Withdrawl of mind; Retreating |(1) Renunciation; (2) Repulsion; (3) Discriminative knowledge of the self leading to discarding all alien disposition, resolution or determination for not committing any faults; (4) Determination; (5) Passion Pratitika Prativaadi Pratividyaa Prativisesa Prativyudha Pratiyoga Pratyaabhignaana Pratyaahaara Pratyaakhyaana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 178 of 271

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Pratyaakhyaana kashaaya Pratyaakhyaani Pratyaayo Pratyakhsa Pratyakhyana varana kashaaya Pratyakhyanavarana Pratyakhyanavarniya kashaya Pratyaksa which disturbs complete abstinence obscuring passions in observing abstinent vows, passions hindering complete self discipline, that which arrests complete abstinence of ascetic, preventing complete self control. Renunciative Karmic condition; Karmic Inflow; Causes for karma bondage; Knowledge; Cause; Interrelation causal; Conditions Direct; Opposite of Paroksha; Knowledge gained through Senses 3rd grade of pass ional. Intense type of passion which hinders complete abstinence complete conduct Pratyaya Karmic condition Total vow preventing passions Direct perception or knowledge; Perceptual cognition; Perceptible by senses Fallacious direct perception Acquiring direct knowledge with the support of one's own soul i.e. atma naa aasraye or with the help of soul. Relation/cause of bonding and influx Causal; Factor Sense enjoyment activity Self-enlightened Self enlightenment Self enlightened Individual plant Individualised type; Non-classifiable type. Pratyaksabhasa Pratyaksha pramaana Pratyasatti Pratyaya kaaraka Pratyayi-kriya Pratyeka bodhita Pratyeka bodhitva Pratyeka buddha Pratyeka jiva Pratyeka prakrati TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 179 of 271

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Pratyeka-naamakarma Pratyutpanna Pravaaha Pravachana Pravachana bhakti Pravachana mata/matraka Pravachana vaatsalya Pravartaka Pravichaara Pravrajaka Pravrajya Pravratti Pravratti nimitta Prayoga Prayogaja Prayogakriya Prayogika bandha Prayogika kriya Prayogya-labdhi Prayojana Prayojana Physique-making karma of individual / Solitary body. Instantaneous Series; Flow Sermons; Scriptural teaching; Reading Narrating and discussion of religious scriptures Scriptural devotion 5 carefulnesses 3 guards, Elight exercise for meditation. Affection toward co-religiohnists One who makes others active in the religon Sexual enjoyment A monk order; Group leader monk Ordination; Renunciation; Intiation Activity; Trend Real meaning; Cause of activity Syllogistic formula, Exertion, effort, Experiment. Voluntary Experimentation Efforted bonding Human efforted activity Experimental prodigy / attainment Intention; Motive Function; Purpose; Motive; Object; Cause; Aim; Intention Faultless death Description Describer Affection Perceptional meditation Prayopagamana Predication Predicator Preeti Preksa-dhyana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 180 of 271

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Preraka Presya prayoga Preyah sampradana Prithaktva Prithavi Prithavi-kaayika Prithvi kaayaa Prithvi panda Prosadha Prosadha pratimaa Prosadha saala Prosadha upavasa Prthaktva vitarka Pruthaktva Pruthavi Pudgala Pudgala dravya Pudgala paraavartan Pudgala praksepa Pudgala skandha Pudgalavadi Pudgalavarta Pudgalavipaki Pujaa Pujaari Pulaka That inspires; Prompts; Urges; Causal Servant-efforted errands Accomplishment of happiness 2-9 number term; Separation Earth Earth-bodied Earth bodily Mass of earth; Hellish ground Forty-eight hours duration fast Third educative vow; Fourth model stage; 48-hour fasting Fasting hall Fastin on 8/14th days of each fortnight, 36-48 hour fasting. Pure meditation on scriptures Two to nine; Any one number from two to nine Earth Matter; Mattergy; Energy Matter substance Matter's cyclic change period Throw out physical stuff Aggregate of mattergy; Mattergic aggregate Buddhist soulists A time unit Mattergy-Maturing Worship Priest; One who worships on behalf of the puja sponsor Slightly lapsed monk; Shrivelled monk TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 181 of 271

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Pullinga Pumveda Punarukti Pundarika Punya Punya bhaava Punya karma Punya prakrti Punya, dravya/bhava Punya-paapa Puraana Purnaahuti Purusa Purusaveda Purushaartha Purva Purvaachaara Purvaanubhootataa Purvadhara Purvakoti TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Male gender Sexual cravings for a female; Male libido Tautology; Repeatition The best lotus flower Merit; Virtue punya karma; Auspicious or virtuous Karma; Piety; Sacred Soul's auspicious manifestation of consciousness, Wholesome; Auspicious dispositions Wholesome karma Verities of merit/Piety Merit, Physical/psychical Merit-cum-demerit (1) Ancient Biography of great men; (2) Legendary stories; (3) Name of a class of sacred texts dealing with the lives of Tirthankaras. Completion Male; Soul; A Sankhya category Male libido Conscious personal effort; Focused efforts (1) Early canons/texts; (2) East(Purva); (3) Direction; (4) pre-canons; (5) Sections of Books (Subdivision of Volume); (6) A group of fourteen Jaina canonical texts, now extinct in twelth volume of angas; (7) Most ancient Jaina writings Precedent Prior experience objects Purva scripts proficient monks Ten million purva time Page 182 of 271

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Purvapaksa Purvaratanu smarana varganaa Pushakarvara Prima facies view Refraining recall of past enjoyment Name of a dweep or Island, Only half of it is used for living Flower worship; Worshipping idol with flowers fake or real Throw of handful of flowers and yellow rice grains Ninth of 24th Teerthankaras Pushpa puja Pushpaanjali khsepanaa Pushpadanta TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 183 of 271

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R (Alphabetic listing R) JAIN WORD Raadha Raaga Raajakathaa Raajaloka Raajapinda Raajasa Rahasya abhyaakhyana Rahasyakrita Raisi Rajasadana Rajju Rajjughata Rajoharana Rajyakathaa Raksa bandhana Raksasa vivaaha Rasa Rasa tyaaga TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA MEANING Devotion to self; Devotional female friend of Lord Krishna Attachment; Affection; Love feelings; Liking; Pleasant feelings of desire; Desire; Passion; Feeling; Pleasant feelings due to liking of objects Royal or political tales and talks Geographical term; The universe is divided into 14 Rajloks, consisting of hells, dweeps, heavens, etc.; Division of the Universe fourteen in all Royal alms Activity of passion; Saankhya principle of motion; Dirt; Middling Secret disclosure Inner secrets Morning Farmal donation A length measure; Rope Shower of dust Whisk broom of woollen tufts Political stories Sacramental threading; A festival in August Marriage by force Taste Abandon eating delicious and tasty food Page 184 of 271

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Rasa-bandha Rasa-gaurava Rasa-graddhi Rasa-kashaaya Rasa-parityaga Rasa-vaanijya Rasa-vidya Rasa-vikriti Rasi Rasiyugma Rasmana-pramaana Rasnendriya Ratha renu Rati Ratna-chintaamani Intensive bondage Taste disrespect Taste greed; Lust for taste Taste passion Giving-up delicacies or stimulating and delicious dishes Alcoholic trade Alchemy Fermented; Denatured Number; Aggregate; Set Even number Measurement of liquids Sense of taste; Gustatory sense A length unit, 8 trasa renus. Pleasure in sensual activity; Liking; Indulgence A diamond or supernatural jewel which fulfills human Desires (1) Three jewels triple gems of faith, knowledge and the conduct; (2) Gem-trio A length unit; Vitastis Sixth model stage; Model stage of restricting sex-act to night hours; Model stage of renouncing night eating Sixth model stage; Renunciation of night eating Angeral meditation Morning Breathing out (1) Supernatural power; (2) Prodigy; (Siddhiachievement) Ratna-traya Ratni Ratri bhakta Ratribhukti tyaaga/viramana Raudra dhysana Rayi Rechaka Riddhi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 185 of 271

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Riju/Rju Rijugati Rijumati Rijusutranaya Rishabha Rishi Rjusutranaya Roga Rogaparisaha Rogatraya Romahara Roopa Roopaateeta Roopastha Roudra Roudra dhyaana Rta Ruchi Straight; Linear; Plain Straight motion Straight/direct telepathy Straight view point; Straight-thread standpoint. First Tirthankar Sage; Saint with miraculous powers It is the point of view of the momentary present. The Buddhist point of view is an example of rjusutranaya. Desease or painful state Disease affliction Three painfull states Birth, Old age, Death called JanmaJaraa-Marana Soft-hairal intake; Diffusion intake Visible form Intangible Image-based Cruel Cruel concentration Vedic cosmic law |(1) Strong liking or predilection; (2) Strong Interest; (3) Predisposition in favor of something; (4) Belief; (5) Respect; (6) Faith; (7) Predilection i.e. Strong liking; (8) Belief; (9) Love Traditional; Conventional Prime number Blood Harsh; Merciless Illness Rudha Rudha saankhya Rudhira Rudra Ruja TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 186 of 271

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Ruksha Rupa Rupa mada Rupaatita dhyaana Rupanupata Rupasakti Rupastha dhyaana Rupi Coarse; Rough; Negatively charged Color; Form; Sensual object; Body aggregate; Quality; Beauty Beauty puff; Arrogance of look Meditation on transcendental form Bodily jesture Capacity of beauty; Power of beauty Meditation on jina form One which has form of touch taste smell and color; Material; Tangible; Murta TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 187 of 271

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S (Alphabetic listing s) JAIN WORD Saadbitama Saadhaarana Saadhaarana guna Saadhaarana sarira Saadhaka Saadhaka dashaa Saadhaka shraavaka Saadhan hetu Saadhana MEANING Achievement Common plant; General plant General property; Common property. General/common body. |(1) Aspirant; (2) Practitioner; (3) Achiever: (4) Enlightened person; (5) Spiritual person; (6) One who is putting efforts to gain Spiritual person's enlightened state Type of householder who renounces all attachments for holy death. Resources Resources; Tool; Probans; Reason; Cause; Device; Middle term; Instrument (1) Practices (for spiritual development); (2) Accomplishing, achieving; efforts of activity necessary to achieve or accomplish an object; discipline for the attainment of moksha emancipation), study of soul, striving towards accomplishment. Relations related to means and goal Effort to gain A male who has given up the family life, wealth and worldly comforts for seeking liberation. He learns Saadhanaa Saadhanaa saadhya bhaava Saadhavu Saadhu TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 188 of 271

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Saadhu and saadhvi Saadhu samaadhi Saadhvi or Saadhviji Saadhya Saadhya gnaana Saadi | Saadrashya (sAdrasya) Saagara Saagara dharma Saagaropama Saahoo Saakaara Saakra mantrabheda Saamaanya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA scriptures religiously; Ascetic; Saint; Monk; Mendicant; Ascetic; Muni; Yati Monk and Nun Protection of saints (1) A female who has given up the family life, wealth and worldly comforts for seeking liberation. She learns scriptures religiously; (2) Sadhvi Shilapiji is the only Jain sadhvi to ever study outside of India; (3) A respectful address to Nun; (4) Nun, female saints ji' suffix is expression of respect To be cultivated; To be perfected; Conquerable; To be accomplished; To be fulfilled; Conclusion; To be achieved Knowledge of probandum With beginning; Finite; Beginningful Of same kind; Saman; Ek jaati ke.; Resemblance; Similarity A bigger time unit; Ocean measure time unit Householder's religion Measure of innumerable years; A bigger time unit; Ocean measure time unit Monk; Saadhu; A male who has given up the family life, wealth and worldly comforts for seeking liberation. He learns scriptures religiously. Determinate; Materialized; With details; With shape Secret divulge Common; Universal; General quality; Universal; Universal entity; Indiscriminate; General essence; Page 189 of 271

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Saamaayika Saamanya drista Saamanya visheshatmaka Saamarthya Saamayika vrata Saanketika Saanshayika mithyaatva Saanti paatha Saapeksha Saasana Saasanadevata Saasanadevi Common |(1) A state of equanimity (composure) calmness, self-control, poise, level-headedness; (2) Prayers; |(3) Equanimity; (4) State of equanimity: (5) Concentration on religious themes for a duration of 48 minutes; (6) Also see vratas; (7) State of calmness and sinlessness of mind and speech. Usually 48 minutes for householders and a lifetime for saadhus and saadhvis. Inference by commonality Common substances with different forms Strength; Capacity; Ability; Capability Equanimity vow Hinting Wrong belief due to doubtful state of mind Santi paatha; Peace recital Relative; Relativistic; Comparative Jain teaching; Jain discipline Guardian deity Attending and protecting deity of the tirthankaras; These have male counterparts too called Saasana deva. They are also called yaksa and yaksini. Since the tirthankaras are free from attachment (vitaraaga), they do not help their devotees. It is from the attending deity that the devotee receives help. Scriptures; Canons Belief in reverse canons; Canonical idiocy Disputation; Debate; Meaning ot the scripture Saastra Saastra mudhata Saastraartha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 190 of 271

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Saasvata Saataa Saatavedaniya Saatvika Sabaddha Sabala Sabari sabar Sabda Sabda brahmaa Sabda samaya Sabdanaya Sabdanupata Sabdolkekha Sabjrabtu Sachelaka Sachitta Sachitta aahaara Sachitta niksepa Sachitta pidhaana Sachitta tyaaga pratimaa Sachitta-sambandha Sad bhuta TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Eternal Peace; Equanimity Pleasant-feeling-producing karma Caused by internal feeling or sentiments; Natural; State of body caused by some natural emotions, spirited,vigorous, energetic, external agitation occurring due to internal emotions, mildness of passions Associated Offence; Disfigured Lady like standing; Lady of Sabar tribe Sound; Words Spiritual knowledge System of philosophy or scripture Verbal stand point; Verbal testimony Sounding signs Verbal mention Transition; Alteration Clothed saadhu or monk The object with life; Living matter; Vegetable life Green/raw vegetable food Placing the vegetable Covering by vegetable (1) Model stage of renunciation of green vegetables; (2) Pratima model stage of renunciation of green vegetables Connected with vegetables Pure synthetic Page 191 of 271

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Sadaamukta Sadaiva Sadangi Sadasat Sadavastharupa upasama Sadavasyaka Sadbhaava Sadbhuta vyavaahara naya Sad-dharma vraddhi Sadharma Sadharmya drstaanta Sadrasatva Sadrasha Sadrasha Sadrashya pratyaabhignaana Sadupadesa Sadvedya karma Sahaaro Sahabhaavi Sahachara Sahaja TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Ever free from bondage Always Six-anga-proficient Existent-cum-nonexistent Existential subsidence Six essentials; Six dispassion devices Existence; Positive aspect; Being; Ggood or virtuous dispositions; Good feelings. Pure synthetic practical point of view; A standpoint describing something with differentiation in virtues and virtuous one; One which makes differentiation in guna and guni; Substantive practical stand point Increase in religiosity Non-disputation with coreligionists Analogical illustration Likeness; Similarity; Sameness Similar; Same Utpad Analogical recognition; Similarised recognition Right sermon Pleasure producing karma Shelter; Refuge; Help Co-existing; Co-existent Concomitant Natural; Born together; Born with, natural innate, inherent; Easy; A little without any particular reason; Casually; Naturally; Easily Page 192 of 271

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Sahaja chetanaa Sahajaananda Sahajaatma Sahajaatma swarupa Sahajata Sahakaari karanga Sahasaa Sahasiddha Sahishhnutaa (sahiSNutA) Sailesikarana Saivism Saiyam Saiyama bhaava Saiyama labdhi Saiyoga Sajaatiya Sajiva Sakal Sakal charitra Sakal parmaatma Sakal pratyaksha Sakal tyaaga Sakala Sakala parmaatmaa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Natural consciousness Having natural innate joy; Natural spiritual joy Natural self Natural self look Innate; Natural Co-operative cause At once; Immediately; Quickly Concomitant Tolerance Rocklike steadfastening A branch of Hinduism which worships siva as the principal deity. Abstinence; Restraints; Mortification Restraintful temperament. Attainment of restraint Association; Joining together; Combination; Contact (1) Homogeneous; (2) Homologous; (3) Belonging to the same class, caste, family or kind Living matter; Vegetable life. Whole; Complete; Entire; With body. Charitra or character of muniraaja i.e. monk The supreme soul with the body Omniscience knowledge: Supreme knowledge Renunciation of all five kinds of sins Complete; Corporeal Arhantaa Page 193 of 271

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Sakaladatti Sakaladesa Sakalendriya Sakalya Sakam nirjaraa Sakama Sakar upyoga Sakara gnaana Sakara upayoga Sakasaaya Sakriya Sakshata Sakshata suddha nischaya naya Sakshatkara Donation of all property Description as whole; Synthetic All-sensed Perfection; Totality Premature disintegration of karma; Avipak nirjara; Voluntary shedding of karma Voluntary; Motivated; Intentional By (the help of) sensitive scriptural, visual and mental knowledge, detailed knowledge of their respective subject matter lasting for one antar muhurt is certainly (attention) with form. Determinate knowledge Determinate cognition With passions; Passioned Active Really; Clearly; Openly; Actually A view point believing in complete pure soul Self realization; Direct experience; Intuitive; Perception |(1) A measure unit, Prob, Counting rod/collyrium stick; (2) Anjana ceremony of opening eyes of Jina images. Log filling Torch bearer; Great man Water (1) Efforts of achieving peaceful death; (2) Sanyaasa; (3) Samaadhi; (4) Holy death; (5) Voluntary death Ritual death by gradual fasting; (6) Salaka Salaka nisthaapana Salaka purusa Salila Sallekhanaa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 194 of 271

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Sallekhanaa vrata Salya Sting Sama Samaachaara Samaachaari Samaadana kriya Samaadhi Samaadhi nirvikalpa Passionless end; (7) Voluntary and controlled renunciation of body; (8) Ritualized death Vow of holy and voluntary death Thorn Transquility; Shaanti or quieting down particularly of passions Ascetic conduct; Equanimous or Monastic or Disciplined conduct Equanimous; Monastic; Disciplined conduct Vow-violatory activity Ecstasy; Trance; Absolute or deep meditation; Mentaly involved deep within one own self Trance, absolute/determinate without thoughts or reaction to thoughts. Trance; Absolute/determinate and religious thoughts Death while in meditation or in state of peace and religious understanding. Engrossed in deep meditation. Excertion at public places Arithmatical progression Preparation; The animal scrifice Compound Lack of attachment (raaga) and aversion(dwesha) Destroy; Kill Conventional standpoint Dining together Perfect symmetrical body Samaadhi savikalpa Samaadhi marana Samaadhisth Samaantanupata-kriya Samaantara sreni Samaarambha Samaasa Samabhaava Samabhidhvansa Samabhi-rudha naya Samabhuja Samachaturastha sansthaana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 195 of 271

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Samachatursra-sansthaana Samakaalina Samakita Samana Samanadatti Samana-samani Samanaska Samarasi bhaava Samaropa Samarpana Samarsti Samarth Samarthakarana Samasreni Samasti Samataa Samatva Samavasarana Samavatara Samavaya Samavaya sambandha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Symmetrical configuration, Squared configuration. Co-eval; Contemporary Aware of true path Dining together Donation to equals Semi-ascetics; A new category of male/female votaries Mind-endowed; Rational; Rational being; Being with senses and mind, Instinctive being Supreme temperament; State of equanimity; Dhyeya and dhyata ka akikaran Superimpose Dedication Equanimity Competent; Able; Strong; Powerful; Wealthy Efficient cause Even series Group Equanimity; Inclination; Sense of equality; Coolness of mind Equality; Equanimity (1) Holy assembly, of the Jina or Teerthankara; (2) Divine hall created by the Gods for the preaching of the Lord Tirthanakaras (3) Preaching hall of lord jina, which is fascinating auditorium of tirthankara Inclusion Inherence In-herent relation Page 196 of 271

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Samavayi kaarana Samaya Samaya pravaddha Samayika charitra Samayika pratima Samayika sanyama Samayika vrata Samayka Inseperable cause; Inherent cause (1) Smallest unit of time which is approximately ten to the power fourty three 'th of a second; (2) Doctrine instant; (3) Scripture; (4) Chromium time unit; (5) Soul; (6) Time as indicated by clock calendar etc. and not time as substance; (7) The smallest unit of time Instant effective bond Equanimous conduct Equanimity model stage Restraint for equanimity Equanimity vow; An educative vow Equanimity; Avoiding all evil/sinful action; Practicing equanimity or peace and steadiness of mind under all conditions. Shampooing Third Tirthankar Super-power of hearing Fear Sambadhana Sambhavanaath Sambhinnasrotra labdhi Sambhiti Sambodha Sambodhi Samdarshi Samhanana Admonition Enlightenment Balance and just observer Bone joints; Osseous structure; It is a state of the bondage due to the rise of certain types of karma; It refers to the bones of the body To make it secret or hidden; To take away a person or sadhu by force. Measured; Restricted; Pacified Samharana Samita TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 197 of 271

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Samiti Samjana Samjani |(1) Carefulness, Comportment, Vigilance. Carefulness in walking talking eating urinating going to stool and ascertaining food's purity; (2) A form of moral rules which refers to the control of movement, control of speech and control of niksepana, etc. Five areas of caution: walking, speaking, taking food, handling materials and discarding excretion |(1) Instinctive urge of hunger, sex, fear, acquisitiveness Instincts; (2) It refers to the instinctive urges of all animals including even the heavenly beings regarding hunger, fear, sex urge and the instinct of possession. Jiva which possesses samjna, i.e., mind, by the help of it, they can learn, think, understand etc. Passion which disturbs perfect conduct Mild type of passion which hinders absolute conduct Intentional; Premeditated violence Awakening of the soul to the right path; Once a soul has samkeet, he gets liberated within a few incarnations. Consciously fasting till death Mixure; Mix Spontaneous birth; A-sexual birth Same or similar genesis The assembly place of Lord Teerthankara from where divine dhwani or sound is deiviered to the Samjvalana Samjvalana kashaaya Samkalpaga-himsa Samkeeta Samlekhanaa Sammisrana Sammurchima janma Samopapannaka Samosharana ankara fromthe TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 198 of 271

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Sampadaa Sampanna Samparaya Samparayika Samparayika aasrava Sampatima Sampradaaya Sampradana-kaaraka Sampradharana sangnaa Samprata Samprayoga Sampreksa Samrambha Samrasa Samsaara Samsaarina world; Samavasarana Acquisition Possessed of; Rich; Wealthy Downfall; Passional influx Pertaining to passion; Passional influx Mundane influx; Passional influx. Flying insects A religious group Receiver of that deed Memory trace; Instrinct of mind Fit; Proper; Present; Of the present time; Pertinent; Presently; Right now Coming to one's possession. Introspection; Buddhist meditation system Planning; Intention Equanimity nature Cycle of transmigration for all non-liberated souls. 1) Unliberated mundane and embodied; (2) Wordly or Mundane Attainment Ceremonies Sense of indifference of even mindedness; Principle of balanced inclination; Equanimity Destroy Bereft of activites Aggregate; Mass; Multitude Cause (of suffering); Group Teaching time Samsiddhi Samskaaras Samta bhaava Samuchchheda Samuchchhinna-kriya Samuchhaya Samudaaya Samuddesana-kaala TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 199 of 271

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Samudghaata Samudra siddha Samurchchhina Samvara Samvara Samvara anupreksa Samvatsari Samvaya The emanation of spatial units (Pradeshas) of soul from its body without discarding the body it is occupying Soul expansion Expansion, Emanation, Extrication Emancipated in ocean |(1) A bacterial size human like life inhabiting in human body capable of spontaneous birth by itself; (2) A small human-like life, of bacterial size, residing inside our human bodies. It can be born spontaneously, by itself. |(1) Stoppage of the influx of karmas. One of the nine tattvas; (2) It is a process to stop the influx of the new karmas; (3) Stoppage Restraint; Stoppage Stoppagal reflection Annual atonement ceremony; Yearly Intimate relation; Co inherence; Collocation; Intimate union; Inseparable concomittance |(1) Spiritual experience; (2) One to feel his/her own soul; (3) Experiencing sam or samyak feelings Truth-inducing tales |(1) Flow (mental) in right direction; (2) Force, Sudden agitation, Momentum, desire for salvation (3) fear of trasmigration, instinct, mental agitation Sacred tales Sharing; To worship (Bhakati karvi) Knowledge; Congnition; Realization; Experience Concealed/Covered birth place Samvedana Samvedani kathaa Samvega Samvegani kathaa Samvibhaaga Samvita Samvrata yoni TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 200 of 271

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Samvrata-asamvrata Samvyavaharika pratyaksa Samyaga Samyaga darshana Samyaga tapa Samyagadrashhti Samyagagnaana Samyagdarshana Samyaka Samyaka charitra Samyaka darsana Samyaka drishti Samyaka gnaana Samyaka kriyaa Samyaka mohaniya Samyaka shruti Samyaka tapa Samyakachaaritra Samyakadrishti Samyaka-mithyaadrishti Samyakdrasti Samyaktva Restrained-cum-nonrestrained Conventional/empirical direct perception (1) Right; (2) Proper; (3) Rationale True faith or right faith or enlightened faith; Right perception or observation Austerity associated with right faith (1) One with a complete and immense interest, liking and affection for the Jain religion; (2) One with discriminative knowledge of right and wrong and is true believer in Jainism. Right knowledge Right faith; Rational perception; Experiencing soul or self Rational; Right; True Right conduct Right Perception; Right faith Right (belief, view, inclination, insight); Right faithed Right knowledge Righteous activity Faith deluding karma Right scriptures Right austerities and penances Right conduct; Perfect conduct Rational person Right-cum-wrong faith Right faithed religious (1) Right view and Self-realization; (2) Right Belief; (3) Rational activities; (4) Accept only what seems TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 201 of 271

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Samyaktva aupsamika Samyaktva ksaayiaka Samyama-samyama Samyamopvardhaka Samyoga Sanchita Sandeha Sandhi Sandigdha anvaya Sandigdha-asiddha Sandrasti Sanga Sangati Sangha reasonable not because it is written or preached; (5) | Right faith and i.e faith in Nine tattvas, six padas and six dravyas and conduct within self and outward in conformance Subsidential/destructional righteousness Subsidential/destructional righteousness Restraint-cum-nonrestraint; Partial restraint. Restraint; Promoter Coincidence; Combination; Joining to gather Accumulated Doubt; Skepticism Alliance; Union; Reconciliation; A treaty Doubtful concommittance/affirmation. Uncertainly unprovable Symbol; Symbolism; Praitka; Symbolic treatment Attachment Correspondence |(1) Fourfold society, as founded by a Tirthankara, consisting of male and female sadhus and householders who follow the principles of Jainism. Establishing a sangh is what distinguishes a regular kevali from a tirthankar (a kevali who establishes a sangh); (2) Jain Religious Order Attributing faults to the order; III speaking/defaming the order Four-fold order; Congregation. Providing means of easing the order Leader of the congregation; Leader of pilgrimage Sangha avarnavada Sangha chaturvidaha Sangha sadhu samadhikarana Sanghapati TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 202 of 271

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Sangharsa Sanghata Sanghvi Sangnaa Sangnaaksara Sangni Sangni Sangraha Sangrahanaya Sanhanana Sanhara Sanharana siddha Sanjvalana Sanjvalana-kasaaya party Collisional sound; Collision; Conflict Aggregation; Combination; Association; It is the aggregate of the particles; The atomic aggregate Leader of the congregation or pilgrimage group Refinements; Instinct; Recognition; Knowledge; Follower Alphabet/script Mind-endowed; Rational; With Mind Rational being; Being with senses and mind; Instinctive being Collection; Synthesis. Synthetic standpoint Structure; Skeletal structure Contraction; Destruction Emancipated form taken away region Smouldering; Gleaming; Sublte Smouldering/gleaming passion; Conduct deluding karma of gleaming passion Doubt; Skeptic Synthetic Accumulate; To stitch ; Derived and organized Attachment with out side material things, ownership with material things, Intention, Determination. Injury committed intentionally (by action of mind speech or body) Hybrid; Confusion Fault of mixing together, commingling fault, soul Sankaas Sankalanatmaka Sankalita Sankalpa Sankalpi hinsa Sankara Sankara-dosha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 203 of 271

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Sankara-vyatiakra Sankhadi Sankhya datti Sankhya mana Sankhyaata Sankhya-siddhanta Sankhyata anuka Sankhyata pradesa Sankhyatabhaga, hani/vruddhi Sankhyata-gunahani/vruddhi Sanklapja hinsa Sanklesha Sanklesh-marana Sanklestha Sankmana Sankramana Sanku samacchinnaka Sankuchita Sanlekhana Sanmaana Sanmukha Sannidhikarana Sannidhikarana vichinal Sannikarsa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA and matter mixing together and becoming as one Confusion and transfusion Feast Number-based donation Number measure Numerable; Countable Theory of numbers Numerable-atomic; Numerate-atomic Numerable space points; Countable space points Increase/decrease by numerated division Numerate-fold decrease/increase Premeditative violence; Intentional violence Passionate thought activity; Depression Painful death Emotional excitement Suppressed or killed (1) Transformation of one form of the sub-type of karma into another form of sub-type of the same karma; (2) Transition; (3) Alteration Frustrum of cone Narrow mindedness; Narrow Learning passions Honor; Respect; Veneration Face to face opposite; Confront; Focus your mind and study towards your soul Vicinal invocation Invocation Contact Page 204 of 271

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Sannikarshha Sannipatika Sannivesa Sansaara Sansaari jiva Sansaari/sansaara-samapannaka Sanshaya Sanshaya mithyaatva Sanshodhaka Sanskaara Sanslesa bandha Sanstaropkrama Sanstava Sansthaana Sansthaana vichaya Sansthita Sansvedaga Sansvedima Santaana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA To meet to-gether; Coincidence Mixture; Mixed Settlement Cycle of birth, death and transformation; Cycle of existence; Universe; World. Mundane existence; Ttransmigratory life Mundane soul; Embodied soul; Mundane living being Wordly being; Transmigratory beings; Mundane Doubt; Skepticism; Indecision Skepticism; Doubtable wrongness; Doubt relief Who discovers, invents or searches; Which purifies; Discoverer; Inventor; Research scholar Refinements; Dressing; Latency; Sacraments; Impressions; Predisposition from past impression; Faculty of impression; Faculty of recollection Impression on memory Adhesive bond Bedding provision Commendation; Philosophical hymns; Praising, hymns; Psalms Bodily shape; Cofuguration Configurational meditation; Universe oriented righteous meditation Set Sweat-born Wash water; Boling water Continuum; Progeny Page 205 of 271

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Santaapa Santa-pada-prarupana Santara siddha Santhaara Santhaaro Sanvibhaaga Sanvitti Sanyaasa Sanyaasa marana Sanyama Sanyama Sanyast aashrama Grief; Pain Section of a Digambara procanon; Presentation about existents (reality) Inervally salvated Vow of voluntary death; Fasting to death in the later age of life; Peaceful voluntary and planned religious death Same as santhaara Sharing equally with love for others and respect Apprehension; Knowledge Renunciation Holy death Self-control; Self restraint Restraint; Stoppage Life as a monk, a period of renunciation; This is the fourth of four stages that a Jain shravak and shravika are recommended to pass through in his or her lifetime. Restrained Partially restrained; Restrained-cum-nonrestrained Association; Conjunction; Combination Vivid determination with the associative things Authorship names Conjunction-cum-conjunction Stand for books Homologue Qualified restraint. Subsistence in homologue Sanyata Sanyatasanyata Sanyoga Sanyoga budhdhi Sanyuha naama Sanyukta sanyoga Sapado Sapaksa Sapaksa sanyama Sapaksa satva TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 206 of 271

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Sapexatva Sapindikarana Sapratipaksa Sapratisthita pratyeka Sapta vyasana Saptabhangi Sapta-bhangi-nyaaya Sapta-tatva Saraaga charitra Saraaga sanyama Saraaga sanyamadiyoga Saraga bhakti Saralataa Sarana Saraswati Saraswati idol Relativism; With reference Ritual to the manes Opposite Support individual body Seven habituations Theory of seven aspects; Seven donation fields Seven conditional modes of predications Seven categories reals Attachmental conduct Attachmental restraint Attentiveness towards attachmental restraint Attachmental devotion Simplicity Refuge Goddess of knowledge, teaching and learning Jain idol of goddess sarswati represents, omniscience, divya dhwani or devine voice, the jain scriptures by Ganadharas, bhaavashruta knowledge or knowledge attribute of soul. Body Physical bond: body-bond Physique making karma of body Body completion Embodied; Soul; Incarnate Reptile Successful; Fulfilled; Accomplishment; Fulfilment Complete similarity Totally Sarira Sarira bandha Sarira nama karma Sarira, paryapti Sariri Sarisrpa Sarthak Sarva sadharmya Sarvadaa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 207 of 271

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Sarva-darsitva Sarvagata sreni Sarvaghati karma Sarvaghati-spardhaka Sarvagna Sarvastoka Sarvato- bhadrika Sarvatobhadra Sarvausat Sarva-vadhi Sarva-vaidharmya Sarva-virata Sarva-vyaapi Sarvodaya Sasaadana Sasaadana samyakdrasti Sasa-sringa Sasguna-chchhadana Sashakatama Sasta-parinata Sasthabhakta Sasthi karaka Sasthi tantra Sasthika paddhati Sasuddha Sasvadana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Omni-vision Line passing through whole space. All-destructive karma All-destructive karmic super-variform Omniscient lord; All knowing Few; Smallest Fourfold quadruple Jina image A penance Seed word, Exclamatory invocation. Perfect clairvoyance Complete dissimilarity Totally abstained Omnipresent; All-pervasive Prosperity-to-all philosophy Indifferent Spiritual stage of mixed taste; 2nd stage; Lingering faith stage Horns of hare Overlooking the merits Most effective Weapon-operated; Lifeless 2-days' fasting Genitive case; Possessive case Saankhya philosophy Sexagesional system Pure Spiritual stage of mixed taste; 2nd stage; Lingering faith stage Page 208 of 271

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Sasvata anagata Sat Sat kathaa Sat swarupa Sat/artha/vaastu Sata prtjaltva Sataka Sataka Satika Satisaya-apramattavirata Satjiva nikaaya Satkaara Satkaara-puraskaara Satkatha Satsahasra-prithaktva Satsanga Satta TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Eternal future (1) Real Existence, at any time of permanence and creation is called 'Sat ne' which is with destruction; (2) Reality i.e self existing entity (3) It is a reality, which refers to the origination, the destruction and the permanence of the state of a thing; (4) Param Tatva or supreme element i.e self or soul; (5) Existence, being, existent, the real entity, existence is characterized by origination, cessation and permanence, truth, reality, existence, essence. Religious narrative; Religious tales (1) One's own nature; (2) The quality of being; (3) existence Existence; Existent; Real; Substance 200-900 versed Centenad; 100-versed; Chapter Garments (man,woman) Garments (man,woman) Excellently perfect-vowed. Six-fold living beings Reverence; Respect Honor and reward Religious narrative or tale 2-9 lac Company of a noble person; Association with religious person (1) Existence; (2) Inoperative state of existence, dormancy; (3) Satta, satva, samanya, dravya, Page 209 of 271

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Satta swarupa Sattva Satya Satya vrata Saucha Saudharma loka Sauksmya Savadya vritti Savichaara Savikaara vastu, arth, vidhi are having same meaning as satta. Nature of existence; Form of existence. Living being, Strength, Isness, Existence (of karma). existence, essence, vital energy; Animate matter; Truth Good Truth Vow of truth; Minor vow of truth; Anuvrata Avarice-free; Non-grediness. See Kalpas Fineness Sinful propensity Applied thinking Agitated mind; Disturbed nature; Alteration from natural state; See also vikar Determinate; With thoughts Determinate conduct Determinate condition Soul's mode with altered state; Soul's mode with disturbed nature; Soul's unnatural state Unintentional Mature karma's disintegration; Matural shedding, Matural wearing off dissociation Accompanied with examination and reasoning. In-conclusive Sapine state Omniscient with activity Bed; Residence Bed and accessories. Savikalpa Savikalpa charitra Savikalpa dashaa Savikar chaitanya parinama Savipaaka Savipaaka nirjaraa Savitarka Savyabhichaara Sayan avastha Sayoga kevali Sayya Sayyasana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 210 of 271

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Sayyatara Sendriya Sesavata Setia Sevarta/chedavratta-sanhanana Sfatik mani Shaanti Shaastras Shaata Shaata aavashyaka Shaata anaayatana Shaata guna hani vruddhi Monk-residence With senses; Sensed Inference by remainder, Excretory action. A measure unit, 2 pasati. Ligatured osseous structure Crystal Sixteenth Tirthankar Jina-vani; Books containing Omniscient's preaching; Religious Books; Education Feeling of content Six essential duties of jaina saints/house holders. Six reasons of false belief Finite of infinite increase and decrease in indivisible particles of six kinds Six kinds of body forms of living beings Six kinds of basic development of being eg aahaara, sharira, indriya, swasoswas, bhaasa and mana Peace; Equanimity Stupidities Powers Restraining; Restraining the mind from passions and other evil tendencies Refuse; Shelter Come to shelter Body Six kinds of causes Purity greed Self contentment Aged; Old Shaata kaya Shaata paryaapti Shaataa Shaathata Shakti Sham Sharana Sharanam Sharira Shatakaraka Shaucha Shavira TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 211 of 271

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Sheetala Shekhi Shhada Shikshaa-vrata Shithilaacharee Shiv tatva Shiva Shodhaka Shoka Shraavaka Tenth Tirthankar Boastful show of courage i.e. bravado Six or group of six |(1) Vows for householder, which prepare and train a householder for the eventual muni life; (2) Teaching how to observe munivrata or vows for monks and prepare for eventual monk life; (3) Trainee's vows Person of loose conduct Soul; Supreme element (1) Manifestation of stable condition of the soul, pure soul, nirupardrav dasha pragati chhe jene, without calamity; (2) Moksha, liberation Siddha Shivapada Siddha status i.e. liberated status of soul Explorer; Ddiscoverer; Inventor Sorrow |(1) Layman aspirant of the moksha; (2) Householder; (3) A Jain male householder following the priniciples of Jainism Man and woman householder Belief; Faith; Ttrust Belief attribute (1) Ascetic One who has renounced comfortsand pleasures; (2) One who believes in self-help or self-endeavors for their spiritual progress and liberation; (3) The follower of Jain religion (4) Monk involved in austerity 7th gunasthaanaka Religious striver It represents omniscient as the wealth of the soul; Shraavaka and Shraavika Shraddhaa Shraddhaa guna Shramana Shramana Shree TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 212 of 271

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Shresthataa Shreyaansa Shri Shrungaara Shruta Shruta gnaana Shrutakevali Shruti Shubha Shubha-bhaava Shubha-raaga Shubh-upyoga Mister; 'Sir' a respectable address for man Grandeur Eleventh Tirthnakar A prefix used to indicate respect Erotic feeling (1) Literal; (2) Scripture; (3) Knowledge obtained by study, testimony, scriptures, learnt, ascertained, understood, that which was heard by revelation, sacred knowledge. (1) Scriptural knowledge; (2) Sensory knowledge (1) Saints who have perfect knowledge of all the scriptures; (2) Sscriptural omniscient, knowing master of scripture, great saints, well versed in whole scriptural knowledge. Scriptures Auspicious Auspicious disposition; Auspicious sentiments Gracious attachment Gracious attention; Soul's auspicious manifestation of consciousness; Virtuous activity; Virtuous conduct; Auspicious and right conduct Pure clean holy Pure point of view State of pure passionless modification manifested in the absence of charitra moha karma Upyoga untinged with any kind of passion and engaged in experiencing self-bliss. White; Spiritual Shuchi Shuddha-naya Shuddha-parinati Shuddhopayoga Shukal TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 213 of 271

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Shukla dhyaana Sidana Siddha kshetras Siddha silaa Siddhaa Siddhaanta Siddhaasa Genuine concentration, pure concentration, white concentration Negligence. Places where Tirthankaras attained Salvation e.g Pavapuri Sammed Shikhar Girinar etc. The place thus is the place of pilgrimage. Rock of the salvated, Abode of the salvated. |(1) Liberated Soul an oniscient without corporeal body Supreme Soul; (2) One who has achieved complete liberation from cycles of births and deaths, and now in muktishila; (3) Salvated; (4) Accomplished Principle; Canons Liberated souls who reside in the topmost region of the spheres called Siddhasilaa. Diagram is the circle of the Siddha, the omniscient one consists of a stylized lotus with eight petals. It is also called Navadevata Destinity if the salvated Eight qualities of the salvated Supreme state of Soul Without body and without form The state of Siddha; Achievement; Fulfillment; Phenomenal Ability to perform extraordinary unnatural and devine tasks Power; Accomplishment; Salvation Sidha loka World of the salvated. Liberated soul Siddhachakra Siddhagati Siddhaguna Siddhahood Siddhasvarupa Siddhi Siddhi yogic Sidha loka Sidhdha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 214 of 271

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Sidhdhaanta Siksa vrata Sila Silavrata Silavratesu-anatichaara Silpa Sita sparsa Sitakalpa Sitapata Sithila Sithila aachara Sithilikarana Skandha Skandha desa Skandha pradesa Skandha vija Slesa Slokarth Smarana Smriti Smriti samanvahara Smrtyantara dhyaana Smrtyanupasthapana Snaataka Snaatraabhishheka TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Established truth; Final conclusion; Epitome; Riddles Supplementary vows; Educative vows Moral vows; Supplementary vow Supplementary vow Non-violatary observance of conduct Arts and crafts Cold touch Winter residence A sect of Jains; White clad sect Loose bond Slack conduct; Lax conduct Relaxation (1) Molecule or Agrregate of molecules; (2) Aggregate, Plant stem. Half aggregate (part) Quarter aggregate Stem-seeded Adhesion Verbal meaning of the verse Recollection; Memory; Remembrance; Memorization, Recollection; Memory Repeated thinking Memory loss; Forgetting Lack of memory Omniscient in 13th stage The bathing ceremony of just born baby lord on Page 215 of 271

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Snaatrapuja Snapana jina image Sneha Sneha pratibaddha Snehakaaya Snehana Snigdha Snigdha-ruksatva Sodasika Sootra Sopaana Sopadhika Sopadhika chaitanya parinaama Soul Spandanaa Spardhaka Sparsha Sparsha indriya Sparshana indriya Sphotavaada Sprista Spruhaa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Meru Mountain Image worship with sacred bathing Image bathing Snehana Viscosity; Essence; Gluey; Bodily contact; Water; Affection Affixed by gluey water Water bodies Viscosity; Essence; Gluey; Bodily contact; Water Smooth; Viscous; Positively charged. Smoothness-roughness (of atoms); Positivenegativeness Measure of liquids A jain scripture written in ancient indian language Pagathiya or steps Association of soul with alien attachments, conditional, alien belonging. Soul's mode due to association with alien attachement, atma's parinam due to association with par padarth. Self; Jiva Vibration Group of variform; Super variform. Touch Touch; Contact; Sense of touch. Touch; Contact; Sense of touch. Exposerism; Fisherism. In contact; Touched; Contactile. Desire Page 216 of 271

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Sraavaka Sraavaka pratimaa Sraavaka -Sraavika Sraavakachaara Sraavika Sraddhaa Sraddhaana Sramana Householder; Religious listener; Votary. Model stage for religious listener Lay follower of the Jaina order, male and female. They are required to observe 12 vows (see Vratas) in order to be so called. Mere birth in a Jaina household does not entitle one to be called a sravaka or sravika unless s/he fulfills the 12 vows. Religious listner's disciplinelconduct. Female religious listener; Female votary Respect; Faith Respect; Faith (1) As distinguished from the Brahmana, the Sramana cult in India sheltered innumerable creeds, including Jainism and Buddhism, often called heretical, which did not believe in the authority of the Vedas; (2) Monk, Non-vedic mendicants, Jain monk, ascetic; (3) Religious striver Ascetic tradition; Strivera tradition Order of Jain monks Medicantal novice Jain nun Ascetic-disciple; Ascetic's votary Ladder; Series; Column/Progression A merchant, literally, the best among men); Merchants were so designated in India because of the valuable service they could render to the society by dint of their wealth holding. Lotus on chest; Auspicious lotus mark on chest. Sramana paramparaa Sramana sangha Sramanabhuta Sramani Sramanopasaka Sreni Sresthi Srivatsa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 217 of 271

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Srotra Srotra pragnana Srotrendriya Srpatika Sruta Sruta agnaana Sruta avarnavaada Sruta gnaana Sruta gnaanavarana Sruta kevali Sruta nisrita Sruta panchami Sruta prosita Sruta ramana Sruta sthaavira Srutamada Srutaskandha Stava Stayangriddhi Stenaharana Stenaprayoga Organ of hearing; Ear Auditory perception Organ of hearing; Sense of hearing. Ligaturic osseous Scriptures; Hear; Oral tradition of scriptures Scriptures ignorance; False vocable/verbal knowledge Defaming/ill-speaking about scriptures Nocable; Scriptural; Vocable knowledge Verbal/Scriptural knowledge-obscuring karma. Scripture-omniscient Perception based on verbal symbol Cremony of Scriptural Fifth; Gnaana panchmi Sruta prosita Scriptural predilection Scriptural testimony; Scriptural organ of knowledge Elder scripturist; Scripture proficient Scriptural puff Section of texts Philosophical hymns; Praising, hymns; Psalms Somnambulistic state Theft receiving Theft promotion Theft; Stealing Cruel (angeral) meditation for theft promotion. Grade; Stage; Location; Station; Position Hall-dwellers, Svetambera non-idolator sect. Substitute teachers (1) It refers to the stationery souls like Sthavara Steya Steyanubandhi raudradhyana Sthaana Sthaanakavaasi Sthaapanaacharya Sthaavara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 218 of 271

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Sthaavara Sthaavara dasakaa Sthaavara hinsa Sthaavira Sthaavirakalpi Sthaaviravali Sthanarha paddhati Sthandila Sthapanaa Sthapanaa nikshepa jivas, the earth and water-bodied beings, plant etc.; (2) Immobile; (3) Static Immobile beings such as plants Immobile decad Injury to one-sensed (immobile) living beings Elders; Elder monk; Senior monks Elder's order; Communedweller monks Hagiography; Hagiology Place value notation system Dry ground; Hard ground Ritual act of asking a monk to stop for alms; To establish, Storing, Preserving, Demonstration, Installation, Representation (1) It is the dialectical form of understanding the nature of a thing by the recognition of the present state; (2) Installation of a real form in to its artificial one, installation of real bhagwan in an idol form. (3) Representational posting, Symbolic posting, Ritual act for rainy residence or alms. Serial representation Immovable Grossness; Extensivity Static Serenity Standing firm; Olccupied with; Engrossed by; Devoted; Addicted Condition; Stage of duration of bondage of karma Instrumental cause in the stoppage of motion of a Sthapananupurvi Sthasnu Sthaulya Sthira Sthirta Sthita Sthiti Sthiti hetutva TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 219 of 271

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Sthitibandha Sthitikarana Sthul Sthulatva Stoka Storta Stri parisaha Stri veda Stri-kathaavagjana Strimukti Stupa Stuti Styaanagriddhi Subha Subha bhaava Subha yoga Subhaanama Subhaasubha bhaava Subhaasubha vritti Subhaga Subhikshataa Subhopaoyga Suchyangula Suddha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA substance Durational bondage Stabilization in the religion Gross Grossness; Extensivity A unit of time; 7 pranas; Little quantity/number Philosophical hymns; Praising; Hymns; Psalms Womenal afflication Female libido Womenal tale-refrainment Female gender salvation Reliquary mound Eulogy; Panegeric; Praise to Lord; Commendation; Laudation; Valediction; A hymn of praise Somnambulism Good; Auspicious Auspicious sentiments Auspicious incidence The Naama karma which brings auspicious bodily organs, sweet melodious sound, fame etc., to an individual. Meritorious and demeritorious sentiments. Auspicious and inauspicious thoughts Charming Abundance of food Auspicious consciousness A unit of length Pure Page 220 of 271

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Suddha bhaava Suddha naya Suddha nischaya naya Suddha swabhaava Suddha-upyoga Suddhi Suddhopayoga Pure positive aspect; Pure disposition Part of the right knowledge (samyak gnan) which knows the eternal knower (pure soul substance) trikali gnayak. Trikali gnayak ne jannar samyag darshan no ansh A view point believing the pure soul. Pure inherent nature of the self, pure intrinsic nature of self Pure consciousness; Pure modes of perfect knowledge or perfect perception; Pure consciousness of serenity; Pure attention; Pure activity of soul Purity Pure consciousness, Pure modes of perfect knowledge or perfect perception; Pure consciousness of serenity; Pure attention; Pure activity of soul Nectar The religion of self or soul; Good religion Fourth caste; Manual worker. Good smell One wich can be done, Easily or easy task Bliss; Happiness, Extreme pleasure Experiencing/feeling of happiness/pleasure. Pseudo-happiness Refreshing past happiness Desire for happiness Feast Sudha Sudharma Sudra Sugandha Sukara Sukha Sukha vedana Sukhaabhaasa Sukhaanubandha Sukhabhipraya Sukhadi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 221 of 271

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Sukla dhyaana Sukla lesya Sukrta Sukshma Sukshmattva Suksma-kriya-anivartika Suksma-kriya-pratipati Suksma-samparaya-charitra Sulakshana Sulsaa Purest meditation; White meditation Pure aura; White aura Righteousness; Merit Microscopic; Minute; It neither causes hindrance to others, nor other things can hinder it; Subtle; Subtle subtleness; Fine; Conceptual Extreme fineness State on subtle movement (activity) Meditation of subtle activity Subtle possioned conduct Auspicious characteristics (1) A famous sravika of the time of Mahavira. She was the wife of a chariot driver named Naga, who was related to King Prasenajit. At first, she had no son. Later 32 sons were born to her, all with the same life span. They were in the service of King Srenika of Rajagriha. Lord Mahavira praised this lady for her devotion and steadfastness; (2) A great sravika at the time of Lord Mahavira. Fifth Tirthankar Void; Zero; Absence; Gapfiller. Zero-variform Voidness Seventh Tirthankar Goddess; Devi Happy; Plentitude More happy than unhappy, Plentitude-cum-penury. Extremely happy; Supreme plentitude Sumati Sunya Sunya varganaa Sunyata Supaarshva Sura Susama Susama-dusama Susama-susama TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 222 of 271

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Susangata Susira Susvara Sutra Sutra ruchi Sutrakara Sutranugama Suvarna Suxmanigodeeyaa Sva Sva nirnaya Sva prakaasha sva prakashatva Sva samaya Sva samayi Coherent; Consistent. Sound from air columns Melodius voice |(1) Verse; (2) Original Scriptures of Jain Religion (3) Cononical texts; (4) Aphorosm; (5) A scripture written in the ancient Ardhamaghdhi language Scriptural predilection or strong liking Aphorist Aphoristic exposition A unit, 16 karma masa, Gold. Not perceivable extreme extreme minor infinite souls living under cover of one body Soul; Self Self cognition Self perception Auto revelation The pure one; Self absorbed Living being that is associated with essential qualities self introvertedness |(1) Self-study; (2) It is the self-study or the study of holy scriptures means to promote the spiritual realization of the self; (3) To ruminate on the lessons received from the spiritual preceptor (Upaadhyaya). Relishable Oblatory or ritual offerings Inherent; Natural Sva sanmukhta Svaadhyaaya Svaadya Svaaha Svabhaava TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 223 of 271

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Svabhaava parinaama Svabhaava svarupa Svadara santosa Svadara-mantrabheda Svadeha parimaana Svadima Svadravya-ksetra Svagunachchhadana Sva-kaaya-saastra Svalinga siddha Svamitva Svapaaka Svapna Svapragnaa Sva-prakasi Svarthanumana Sva-samaya Sva-samvedana Svasti Svasti paatha Svastika Undefiled mode Intrinsic mode/nature; Self nature Fidelity within marriage Exposing wifal secrets Self-body dimension Relishable Non-alien substantive; Locative; Timal and modal aspect Overlooking own merit Self body weapon Salvated in one's own order Ownership; Possession Low caste; Chandaala Dream Only with self talent Self-absorption conduct Subjective inference Own view; One's own docrine/Canons Self-cognition; Self-experiencel Blessing Blessing recitation Well being; Stylised wheel of lifer; Auspicious fourarmed symbol Configuration with lower part symmetrical Self-contradictory Relevent object Self-enlightened White; Cotton-clad; Name of a Jaina sect whose Svati sansthaana Svavachana-badhita Sva-vosaya Svayamsambuddha Svetaambara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 224 of 271

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Svetpata Swa Swa chatusthaya Swa samvedana Swa samvedana gnaana Swaadhina Swaadhyaaya medicants wear white garments; A sect of Jains; White clad sect A sect of jains; White clad sect Self or soul Innate four foldness of substance, area, modes and Iquality. Affirmation about the dravya with reference to its own substance, place, time and quality (English panchastikaya page 107, stanza 14) Consciousness; Self cognition; Self intuitions To experience the nature of the self (potathi potane vedvu). To experience ones own soul by his/her own soul Self dependent Studying the scriptures; Scripture reading; Self study Sadhu; Ascetic Own experience; Self enjoyment Self experience; Self knowledge By itself Essential identity; Inherent nature; Intrinsic nature; Own phase; Identity: Distinct nature Plurality of nature Obstinacy; Quaternary or four divisions of any substance. Self and alien enlightener or revealer Heaven |(1) One's own self; (2) Appearance; (3) Form; (4) Nature; (5) Natural state or condition; Appearance; Swaami Swaanubhava Swaanubhuti Swaataha Swabhaava Swabhaava bheda Swachatushtaya Swa-para-prakaashaka Swarga Swarupa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 225 of 271

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Swarupa siddhi Swarupacharana charitra Swasti Swastika Swaswamitva sambandha Swayambuddhatva Swetaambara Syaadasti Syaadasti-avaktavya Syaadasti-nasti Syaadasti-nasti-avaktvaya complexion; beauty; character; original form. Self realization Self absorption conduct Well being; Fortune; Success; Prosperity; A term of salutation especially in the beginning of letters, may the everlasting prosperity be on you; Spiritual blessings A symbol of foursome (four infinites) Ownership relationship Knowledge occurring by self; By bending towards the self White cloth cladness (Opposed to digamber or nonclothed) May be, it is, in some respect, it is. A May belin some respect, it is and indescribable. May belin some respects it is and it is not. May belin some respect it is, it is not and it is indescribable. (1) Relativism; (2) Theory of Relativity; (3) Describer| of multifacedness of a substance called Anekaanta; |(4) It is the theory of seven-fold predications to express the comprehensive nature of the things. It is the special contribution of the Jainas to the world thought. (5) Dialectic relativism; (6) The method of dialectic predications; (7) Doctrine of many fold standpoints in describing a substance (8) Effects a division or analysis of reality and the naya enlightens the particularity of the divided elements. Syaadavaada TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 226 of 271

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Syaata Syaata-nasti Syaata-nasti-avaktvaya Syaata-vaada Syamatva TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Each of the nayas comprehends things from only one particular standpoint. Knowledge derived from a naya therefore is partial and incomplete. To comprehend things in all their aspects, therefore a special mode or form must be found. This according to Jainas is their syadvada or the doctrine of many possibilities. In a way; In some respect; May be; Relatively May be or in some respect; It is not May be in some respect; it is not and it is indescribable. Conditional predicate principle; Doctrine of qualified assertions, Leprosy; Blackness Page 227 of 271

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T JAIN WORD Taamas Taamaskaya Taapa Taaraka (Alphabetic listing T) Taatparya Taatvika Tad roop may panu Tadaakaara Tadaakaara sthaapanaa Tadaatmya Tadaatmya sambandha Tadbhaava Tadbhaava marana Tadbharya Tadgata rupe Taijas Taijas sharira Taijas varganaa Taijasa samudghata Taijasa sharira TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA MEANING Darkness; Inertia Dark bodies Heat; Heat-cum-light; Affliction One who helps others swim out the ocean of sansaara Meaning; Significance; Gist; Substance; Aim; Object In accordance with reality; Real; True; Knowing the principles Soul does not leave the inherent nature (swapana ne chhode nahi) Copy; Similar form; Representation Similar representation Oneness; Identity Indentical/inherent relation; Like color in water; Abheda or unseperable relations One's beings; Intrinsic nature Same species rebirthal death Servant That form Luminous; Electric Luminous electric body Electric body; Molecules forming the electric body Caloric/Luminous extrication Luminous body; Caloric body; In modern technology it Page 228 of 271

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Taijasa varganaa Taimirika Tairyagyona Tala pralamba Talaputa Tamaha Tamasa Tankotkirna Tanmaya Tantra Tantucharana Tanu Tanuvata can be called as Electric body Luminous variform Disordered eye Animal birth Prominent; Vertically high A species of snake which is extremely venomous. Darkness Sankhya principle of inertia Same as before as if the statue, which is carved with chisel from a stone, eternal. Absorbed; Made up of that; Identical with that; Absorbed with that; Being absorbed in Occult rites; Mystical Devices; Superstitious rituals A super-natural power of walking over fine thread Incipient state; Thin Thin air; Rarefied air (1) Austerity; (2) Eradication of desire; (3) Penance which contributes to the destruction of karmas e.g. A pure soul has infinite tapa. They are meant to destroy the eight types of karma. Specific ascetics Austeritic learning; One who performs penance Tarana/Non-idolator sect of Digambara Jainas Inductive reasoning; Logic Discursive; Disquisitive Wooden pot For (my Soul with Karmas or my blemished soul) Sound of stretched membrane; Sound of stringed Tara Tapasa Tapasvi Tarana panthi Tarka Tarkamulaka Tarpani Tassa Tata TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 229 of 271

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Tatastha Tathagati parinaama Tathakara Tathakhyatta Tathopapatti Tathya Tatpaksika Tatpradosa Tattva Tattvaartha Tattvaartha sutra Tattvas Tatva gyaana Tatva gyaani Tatvarthadhigama Tatvarupavati Teertha Teertha-kshetra Teerthankara Teerthayaatra TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA instruments Balanced and just toward all; Madhyastha; Impartial Natural state of transformation Assent on Jina instruction As sermonized Occurential possibility Truth Same sider; Holding similar view Jealousy; Spite The Nine aspects of Realities; Reals; Fundamental verity; Category; Eelements regarded as objects of faith for a Jaina (1) Nature or meaning of Nine Tattvas; (2) Tautology i.e. a statement that is necessarily true, things ascertain as they are; (3) Reals ascertained as they are The Jain scripture considered the Jain bible Fundamental principles; Reality; Philosophical matter; Essentials; Nature of things Knowledge of truth Enlightened Knowledge of ascertained reals Meditative practice of envisioning body Ford - a place which enables a person to cross the river of worldly existence and suffering; Religious order Place of pilgrimage A founder of a Teerth; Supreme Being; Relgious ford maker; Spiritual Conqueror or victor Pilgrimage Page 230 of 271

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Teindriya Tejokaayika Tejolesya Tera pantha Tika Tikhkhooto Tikta Tilatsabhava Tirayancha Tirobhaava Tirtha Tirtha siddha Tirthakara prakarti Form of life which has only three out of five senses e.g. touch, taste, and smell Fire-bodied Red aura Thy path, Path of 13, A Swetambara sect of non-idolators, Digambara Sect of idolators. (1) Commentary; (2) A written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material Three times Bitter; Pungeant Indifferent attitude Subhuman beings; Animal Life Unmanifestation; Not manifested Ford; Four-fold order Holy place-salvated Karmic subtype; Physique making karma species of fordbuiler Holy place of pilgrimage |(1) 'Builders of the ford.' One who reestablishes the religion and fourfold society system of Sadhus, Sadhvis, Shravaks and Shravikas; (2) Founder of the Jaina order from time to time; (3) Enlightened and Ford-builders; (4) Founder of the Jaina order. Tirtha means order, which is four-fold, consisting of the monks, nuns, and male and female lay-followers. In the present time-cycle as conceived by the Jainas, there have in all been 24 tirthankaras, headed by Adinatha Risabha. The last three Tirthaksetra Tirthankara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 231 of 271

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Tiryaka bhaava Tiryaka loka Tiryaka loka siddha Tiryaka prachaya Tiryaka saamaanya Tiryaka vyatikrama Tiryaka yoni Tiryancha Titiksa Tivra Tivrakayabhi nivesa Tivratama Transitory Transmigratory Trasa Trasa dasaka Trasa naama Trasa nadi Trasa parisaha Trasarenu Tri-anuka Tri-indriya Trikaala TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA (Aristanemi, a contemporary of Krishna in the line of Yadu, Parsva, a prince from Kasi, and Mahavira, the senior contemporary of Gautama Buddha) are historical persons Bestial sexuality Middle universe Salvated in middle universe Three-dimensional extension General property Violation of oblique motion Subhumun birth; Birth place Animals and plants; Biological kingdom Forbearance Intense Intense sex desire The most intense Continuing only for a short time Passing of the soul from one body to another Mobile being; Many-sensed being Mobile decad Trasa naama karma refers to the rise of the karma by which are two to five-sensed organisms are born Mobile channel or tunnel Thirst affliction A length unit, 8-atoms, Smallest visible particle. Triatomic Three sensed Three tenses of time infinite past, present, and infinite Page 232 of 271

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Trikaali aatma Trindriya Tri-ratna Trishalaa Tri-vidha Trna-sparasa parisaha Trushhnaa future The soul as substance is eternal; existed past; exist now and will exist in future and in all times. Three-sensed (Basically touch taste & smell) Three jewels, gem-trio Samyag darshana, Samyag gnaana, samyag charitra. The mother of Lord Mahaveer Three type; Tri-typed Grass-touch affliction Thirst; Desire; The intense desire to enjoy the objects of sensual pleasures A length unit; 8-atoms; Smallest visible particle Triangular figure; Triangualr configuration A unit, 105 palas. Renunciation Renounce; Renounced; Abdicator Trutirenu Tryansa sansthaana Tula Tyaaga Tyaagi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 233 of 271

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(Alphabetic listing U) JAIN WORD Ubhaya Uchchaarana Uchchaara-prasravana Uchchagotra Uchchatara Uchchhaadana Uchchhasa Uchchhataa Uchchhavaasa Uchchhedavadi Uchchhvaasa-nisvaasa Uchheda vada Udaaharana Udaasa Udaasina Udaasinataa Udaya MEANING Both self and alien Pronunciation Samiti carefulness in exceretory functions (1) It is the state of the individual existence in this life with reference to his position, society, his power, form and other status in social life. This high state of social existence is attained due to the good karmas; (2) High family status Higher Concealing Respiration Thickness and height Breathing out; Time unit Annihilationist Respiration; Breathing Doctrine of annihilation Illustration; Example Unconcerned; Dejected Indifferent; Passive; Neutral; Sadness; Gloom Ignorance; Mental indolence; Apathy Fruition of Karma; Karma operation; Realization; Rise of karma; Operation of karma; Effective manifestation of karma TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 234 of 271

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Udayaavali Udayabhavi ksaya Udayanispanna Udbhijja Uddesa Uddesaka Uddhaara palya Uddista tyaga Udghatika Udghatima Udiranaa Fruitional time after induction period Non-operational destruction. Produced Sprouting plant Enunciation Sub-chapter; Sadness; Sorrowfulness A time unit, A pit-measured unit 11th model state, Model stage of renunciation of specific food/lodging Minor expiation Minor expiation (1) Udirana is that process by which the karmic matter of long duration and fruition power is brought in udayavalika so that they can be experienced soon; (2) Premature operation/fruition/realisation Coming maturation Karmas which have ripened and in effect Figs, Fruits of ficus genus class The bonded karma of one kind transforming into another kind within soul It is the increase in the duration and intensity of experience of karma; Delayed Fruition To increase the intensity of the karmas which are beyond udayavalika Restlessness Vow-completing ceremony Injury happening unavoidably in the permissible professions business Udiranabhaavi Uditkarma Udumbara Udvalanaa Udvartana Udvartanakarana Udvega Udyapana Udyogi hinsa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 235 of 271

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Udyota Uha Uktagrahi Ulka Ulkapata Ullaasa Ullaaseeta Ullanghana Unmaarga Unmana Unmatta Unmattataa Unnatatara Unodara Unodarika Upaadaana Light resulting from moon firefly Jewels etc; Cold effulgence; Cold light Inductive reasoning Expressed grasping Meteor Showers of meteors Arousal; Pleasure; Aananda Pleasant; Aanandmaya Cross; Transgress; Overstep Wrong path Measure of heavier weights Agitate; Excite; Gone wild or crazy Excitement; Agitation Higher elevation Eat less than hunger Semi-fasting; Undereating Production or creation or modified existence; The tool to obtain something good; Naimittika (1) Affluent cause, proximate cause, principle cause, natural cause, power of the self, materia cause; (2) Instrumental cause for new modified existence; (3) Substantive cause; (4) A cause within one ownself Something qualified or good to obtain; to Acceptable; Wholesome: Admirable; Modification of the object Religious observance Saintly preceptor of saints; Preceptor; Preceptor of an order of saints; Great religious teacher |(1) Problem of old age (2) Alien belonging, Attachment, Upaadaana kaarana Upaadeya Upaadhaana Upaadhdhyaaya Upaadhi TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 236 of 271

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Upaasaka Upaasana (upAsanA) Upaashraya Upabhoga Upabhoga antaraaya Upachaara Upachaara vinaya Upacharita Upacharita vyavhara Upachaya Upadhyaay/ji Upaghaata Upagraha Upaguhana Upakaara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Requisites, Trouble, Non-essential soul qualities. Worriesomeness of wife children relatives friends materialism etc. (3) Fallacy, antinomy, condition., alien belonging, attachment, possessions, araphernalia,trouble, difficulty; worldly troubles; anxiety; sign, name; special characteristic or property; degree; title; surname, nickname. (4) (Aadhi - mental worry, Vyadhi - suffering from disease and Upadhi - problem of old age) Worshipper; Votary Worship; (Bhakti ) Temple for Sthankvasi Jains (1) One which can be used and enjoyed again and again; (2) Repeated enjoyment; (3) Repeatably consummble; (4) Parimaana vrata; (5) Vow of limiting consumables and non-consumables Repeated enjoyment-obstruction karma Conventional usage; Custom; Formal Formal respect Factitious; Formal Figurative practices Assimilation; Addition (1) A sadhu who learned, mastered and now teaches religious scriptures; (2) Spiritual preceptor ascetic, Saddhus, Saints who teaches holy texts to other saints. False accusation; Depreciation; Damage; Loss Assistance; Function; Satellites. Protection; Seteguarding Function; Service; Beneficence. Page 237 of 271

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Upakarana Upakarana bakusa Upakarana indriya Upakarana-sanyoga-adhikarana Upakaranendriya Upakrama Upalabdha Upalabdhi Upalambha Upamaa Requisites; Equipments; Apparatus; Aids; Monastic outfit Requisitely spotted saint indriya Physical sense type Substratum of connection of requisites These are the material sense organs of the body, which are helpful in perception. For example, a man seen by the help of cornea, so cornea is upakaranendriya. Abrupt end; Hastening agent; Disquisition door; Under taking To acquire; Obtain Acquisition; Observation Censure; Acquisition; Observation Simile i.e. A figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (usually formed with 'like' or 'as') Simile universe Simile measure Analogy; Comparison Comparison number Comparative knowledge Suburb Conclusion; Application Anecdote used as example Sub support fallacy Subsidiary canons; Sublimbs Initiation/sacred threading; Ceremony Illustration; Example Upamaa loka Upamaa pramaana Upamaana Upamaana sankhya Upamiti Upanagar Upanaya Upanaya sopanaya Upanayabhasa Upanga Upaniti Upanyaasa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 238 of 271

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Upapada Upapata Upapata sabhaa Upa-patti Uparaga Uparyukta Upasaanta moha Upasaka pratima Upasama Upasama samyakdrsti Upasama sreni Upasamaka Upasamana Upasampada Upasanta kasaaya Upasarga Instantaneous rise as the birth of celestial or infernal living being; Rebirth in hell/heavens; Instantaneous birth | Rebirth in hell/heavens: Instantaneous birth Hall of genesis Rarional Explanation; Concommitance Eclipse Forgoing Subsided delusion Model stage for Subsidence; Cessation Subsidential right-faithed Subsidetial ladder Subsider Subsidence Submission; Collection Subsided passion; 11th stage. State of affliction, calamity or hardship; One's suffering particularly coming from humans, animals, birds gods, etc. Upasargavad Upashaanta Upasthaapana Upasti Upatta Doctrine of prefixes Total calming down; Cooling down the karmas Readmission into the order of monks and nuns; An expiation To serve; Worship Acquired material substances e.g. soul has acquired mind, senses etc.; Assimilated Fasting; Introspective fasting Strengthening faith Upavaasa Upavirnhana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 239 of 271

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Upayoga Upayoga indriya Upayoga suddhi Upchaara Upcharita |(1) Activity of soul; (2) Applied/functional consciousness; (3) The psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning i.e. cognition, use. (4) Active (part of) consciousness; (5) Manifestation or functioning of consciousness; (6) Cognitive activity of knowledge and perception; (7) Usage; (8) It refers to the energy and activity of the soul, which is primarily responsible for the knowledge and intuition (Gnaana and darsana) A psychic sense Purity of consciousness Analogy; Figurative; Usage; Formality; Transference of epithet; Conventional or practical usage or expression; Unreal interpretation of matter; To imagine the one in other Figurative; Metaphorical; Ssymbolic; Unreal interpretation of matter Metaphorical impure synthetic practical point of view Relgious Instruction, Guidance or Advise Indifference; Negligence; Overlooking False accusation On the rise of this karma there is annihilation by hanging, falling, from cliff etcis the name of karma of self destruction. Benovelence; Help Developing spiritual qualities Introduction; Preface Affliction; Preposition (as in grammer); Misfortune; Trouble; Natural phenomenon; Disease superimposed Upcharita asadbhut vyavahar naya Updesa Upeksaa Upghaata Upghaata naam karma Upgraha Upguhana Upodghata Upsarga Serimposed TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 240 of 271

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Upshama Upshama charitra Upshama karana Upshama karma Upshama kashaaya Upshama samyaktva Upshama shreni Upshamaka Upshamaka anivrutikarana Upshamaka apurvakarana Upyoga Urdhva prachaya Urdhva renu Urdhva vyatikrama Urdhvagati Urdhvaloka Urdhvata samanya Urjahara Usmahara Usna parisaha Usna sparsa Usna yoni Utkalika TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA on another Calm down; Calm down of Karmas in effect; Subsidence; Partial suppression; Suppression of karma Subsidence character The process of subsidence Subsider functional Subsided affection; Subsidence serenity Subsidential right belief Subsidential ladder, subsidence progression Suppressor: The suppressor of conduct deluding karma; Subsider Subsider invariant operation Ssubsider unprecedented operation (1) Activity of the Soul; (2) Active consciousness, Perception and knowledge, Conscious attentiveness, Psychic attention, Cognitive activity, Consciousness. Common difference, Monodimensional extension. A length unit, 8 sannasannas. Vertical transgression, Transgression upwards. Higher/Upper, destinity. Upper world, Celestial world Vertical universal, Specific property Absorption intake; Energy intake Absorption intake; Energy intake Heat thermal affliction Hot touch Summer plants Untimed studiable scriptures Page 241 of 271

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Utkanthaa Utkarsana Utkatuka Utkirana kala Utkrusta Utpaada Utpadakatva Utpatti Utsaanna Utsarana Utsarga Utsarga samiti Utsarpini Desire to know from heart; Interest Up-traction Sitting posture Destructional time Best; Exquisite; Magnificent; Maximum Origination i.e the emergence or assuming of a new modification in a substance; Generation Product Origin Extinct Progression. Abandoning; Sacrifice; Excretion Carefulness in disposal of excreta (1) Ascending; (2) Ascending cycle of time; (3) A Time unit; (4) Progressive half cycle; (5) Hyper-serpentine aeon; (6) Up-phase of the Jaina time-cycle A length of unit 8 yavmadhayas Best; Excellent; Supreme quality; Ideal Supreme forgiveness Highly noble person Advanced women votary Subsidiary or secondary qualities Reply opponent Secondary species Northern view Turned into fluid/transformationaly protean body Subsidiary vows Tertiary species or types Utsedhangula Uttama Uttama ksamaa Uttama purusa Uttama sraavika Uttara guna Uttara paksa Uttara parkrti Uttara pratipatti Uttara vaikriyaka Uttara vrata Uttarottara prakrati TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 242 of 271

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Uttinga Shelter; Anthill; Rock-cut cave TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 243 of 271

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JAIN WORD V (Alphabetic listing V) Vaachak vaachya sambandha Vaachaka Vaachana Vaachana bala Vaachana duspranidhana Vaachana gupti Vaachana yoga Vaachya Vaada Vaada Vaadi Vaaditva riddhi Vaadya Vaaga-gochara Vaagyoga Vaakya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA MEANING Relation between word and its meaning (1) Word; (2) Speaker; (3) One well versed in 12 angas; (4) Expressive; (5) Canonical teacher; (6) Scholarly position Words; Sermons; Statement; Reading; Speech voice Verbal strength/activity Improper speech Speech/language guard Activity of words, speech (1) Meaning; (2) Expressible in words; (3) Expressible; (4) Vaachak signifier and signified expressive and expressed (1) Describe; (2) Ism; (3) Theory Disputation; Debate (1) Expert in spiritual argument; (2) Speaker or sayer believer in a particular theory; (3) The plantiff a complainant; (4) Principal note of a mode of music; (5) Rival; (6) Complainant; (7) Plaintiff; (7) Snake charmer Discoursal super-attainment. Musical instruments Indescribable Activity; Vocal activity Sentence Page 244 of 271

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Vaakyopayoga Vaanchana Vaani Vaartika Vaasupoojya Vaata-valaya Vaatsalya Vaatsalya swami Vaayu Vaayukayika Vachanaachaarya Vadeeneeti Vadha Vaha Vaibhava Vaidhamyopanita Vaidharmya Vaidharmya udaaharana Vaigunya Vaihaysika marana Vaikalika Vaikalya Vaikriya (sharira) TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA To repeat same sentence over and over again Study or reading Voice; Vocal speech; Language Logical commentary; Explainatory Twelth Tirthankar Air-layer Dis-interested/selfless affection (love); Fraternity towards coreligionists; The love of a mother towards children. Affection for co-religionists Air Air bodied Canonical teacher; Scholarly position Vadeeneeti means go to toilet for solid excretion activity while laghuneeti is to go for urinating activity Injury A measure, 800 Adhakas Glory; Grandeur; Wealth Knowledge through dissimilarity Dissimilarity Illustration-in-difference Deficient Death by hanging Beyond time Audible sound Fluid (body); Other four body forms are (1) audarika (gross); (2) aharaka (assimilative); (3) taijasa (caloric); and (4) karman (made of karma particles). Page 245 of 271

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Vaikriyaka Vaikriyaka misra Vaikriyaka samudghaata Vaikriyaka sarira Vaimaanika Vainayika mithyaatva Vairaagya Super natural power of creation Fluid body associated with karmic body Transformational extrication Transformational body; Protean body; Fluid body; Fluid body of assuming various forms, usually Gods in heaven or hellish being in hell possess. Celestials; Empyreans Perversity due to indeterminate opinion. wrong belief pertaining to pay equal respect to all deities and all religions (1) Detachment; (2) Non-attachment; (3) Indifference to body world and material gratification and indulgence of five senses; (4) Indifference to the world, absence of worldly desires, ascetism, renunciation, aversion from worldly life, detachment from worldly life, non attachment; (5) Giving up or reducing the raaga towards sansaar emotions of aversion from worldly life An Indian philosophy Natural bond Wedding activity Locus bifurcation Respectful and selfless service To serve and care the guru or teacher and old people Respectful service to the holy saints in difficulty Diamond; Hard stubborn strong Admantine ligatures; Strong Diamond like ties Perfect bone-joints; Adamantine ligatures and bones Curved motion; Zigzag motion Vairaagya bhaavana Vaisesika Vaisrasiak bandha Vaivahiki kriya Vaiyaadhikaranya Vaiyaarthya Vaiyaavachchha Vaiyaavrattya Vajra Vajra naracha sanhanana Vajra vrasabha naracha samhanana Vakra gati TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 246 of 271

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Vaktavyata Valana Valana marana Valaya Vamana Vanaprasth aashrama Vanasi Vanaspati Vanaspatikaaya Vanavaasi Vandana Vandanyama Vanipaka Vansapatra yoni Vardhamaana Varga Varga salaka Varganaa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Syntactical Circular motion; Shame De-restraintal death Ring; Layer Dwarf figure/configuration; Vomit Family and service to society. This is the third of four stages that a Jain shravak and shravika are recommended to pass through in his or her lifetime Forest dweller Plant; Vegetable Flora bodies; Vegetable bodies; Vegetable or plant kingdom Forest dweller (1) Act of bowing, or offering salutations; (2) Reverent salutation; (3) Bow or Salute with reverence; (4) Salutations of Sadhus or monks and reverent people; (5) Obeisance; (6) Pranaama; (7) Salute; (8) Ceremonial and humble greeting of a spiritual teacher, salutation, adoration, worship, reverence, praise Homage Miserial alms Plane birthplace; Bambloo-leafal birthplace Lord Mahavira Atomic potency of karmic matter; Category; Group; Square Super-variformal groping (1) Molecules or group of atoms; (2) Aggregatal grouping, variform.; (3) Aggregate of molecules of same Page 247 of 271

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Varna (aut) Varna vyavasthaa Varnalaabha Varnya sama Varsa Varsadhara Varsavasa Varsayoga Varta Vartana Vartanaa kind or different kinds forming a worldy object of matters. (1) Caste, hierarchy, or class or society; (2) Color of skin; (3) A quality of matter Caste system Ritual celebrating the establishment of a new household by a married son; Ritual by married son Hlustration for doubtful probandum Continent; Year; Country Mountains Rainy season residence Rainy season residence Commerce Behavior; Conduct To exist; Assisting in their continuity of being; Minute change; Perduration Meditational conception with water element. Predisposition; Impression; Latency; Sanskaara Death due to overindulgence Incantational seed/Invocational word Hermitage Entity; Real entity; Object; Thing; Substance Attribute of a thing Architecture; Civil engineering Nature; Shape; Characateristic etc. of different six dravyas Functionality; Nature of reality of any substance; Reality; Objectivity Divine shower of gold/gems Varuni dharana Vasana Vasarta marana Vasat Vasatiak Vastu Vastu dharma Vastu kaala Vastuswarupa Vastutva Vasudhara TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 248 of 271

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Vata rasana Vayah sthavira Veda Vedaka karma Vedaka samyaktva Vedana Vedanaa Vedanaa bodha Vedanaa samudghata Vedaniya Vedaniya karma Veerya Veetaraaga Veetaraagataa Veetaraagi Jin Veeyavachcha Vega Vegana Vibhaaga Vibhaasa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Naked saints Senior (above 70 years) sage/saints. Sex desire; The Vedas scriptures of Hindus; Sexual feelings; Libido. Enjoyer; Experiencer Distruction-cum-subsidential right faith. (1) To Feel or feeling; (2) Knowing or knowledge; (3) Experience of experiencing Destress; Tactile feeling; Suffering; Pain; Anguish; Misery; Knowing, knowledge; Experiencing; Feeling Experience of distress Distressal extrication An aghaatiya karma that determines mundane experience of pains and pleasures Feeling producing karma (1) Power or strength; (2) Reproductive capacity; (3) Sperm; (4) Strength; (5) A pure soul has infinite strength; (6) Potency (1) Beyond attachment (raga) and aversion (dwesha); (2) Disinterestedness State with no attachment and aversion One who is beyond attachement and aversion To bow to guru with whole body on ground with face down Flow; Flow of bhaava Trembling; Rotating Divisive/Conditional doctrine; Aspectism Optionality; Special exposition Page 249 of 271

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Vibhaava Vibhaava bhaava Vibhaava kriya Vibhaava paryaaya Vibhakta Vibhaktva Vibhanga Vibhrama Vibhu Vibhuti Disposition contrary to the natural qualities of soul; Real Defiled mode; Impure; Extrinsic modes; Tainted Passionate feelings; Contrary manifestation The activities contrary or opposite to natural soul i.e Lie vs Truth etc. Extrinsic mode Separation Differentiation from alien conditions, screened, separated; This is me and this is mine, I am the doer and the endurer of other substances to break this relationship is called differentiation of the alien condition vibhaktva, separate from passion, passionless Para-clairvoyance Hallucination All-pervasive Splendor dominion; Prosperity; Grandeur; 49 prominent luxuries of chakravarti king Concentration with conceptual activity, Thought, Shifting, Conceptual Meditation. State of positive thought Discursive; Disquisitive Clever (hoshiyaar) Go; move about; travel Contemplation; Reflection Destroyed Separated; Interrupted Wavering; Doubt; Digust Splitting action Vichaara Vichaara dasa Vichaaraka Vichaksana Vicharavu Vichaya Vichchheda Vichchhinna Vichikitsa Vidarana kriya TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 250 of 271

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Videha Vidhaana Vidhi Vidhinaayaka Vidhi-pratisedha Vidhutakalpa Vidhvansa Vidisa Vidya Vidya charana Vidya siddha Vidyaadhara Dis-embodied; A region Ritual; Classification; Predication Procedure Small Jain idol or image for ritual purposes made of bronze. This will prevent disturbing the Mulanaayaka or Large image Affirmation-cum-negation Firm in austerity Destroy; Go away Mis-direction; A city Knowledge; Arts; Learning; Magical powers Power of desired movement Proficient in learning (1) A species of human beings. They were so called because they were in possession of certain vidyas, e.g., flying through the sky, which were bestowed on them by the first tirthankara, Risabha. (2) A species of human beings who are in possession of some special arts, like flying Lightning; Electricity Differentiator Thorough knowledge; Consciousness; Science; Extra or super knowledge of object is science. (1) Irregular movement; (2) Transmigratory motion; (3) Soul in transit from one body to another Travel; Movements Overall or Bird's eye view Spatial movement Vidyuta Vighedaka Vignaana Vigrahagati Vihaara Vihangavlokan Vihayogati TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 251 of 271

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Vijatiya Vijigisu katha Vikaara Vikaara parinati Vikaari Vikaasat Vikala Vikala pratyaksha Vikala-aadesa Vikala-indriya Vikalana Vikalatraya Vikalendriya Vikal-naya Vikalpa TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Heterogeneous Disputant's tale, Victory-desiring tales. (1) Evilness; (2)The distorted nature of self or soul; (3) Vaibhaavika; (4) Swabhaav ni vikruti or Distorted nature of soul; (5) Fermented, Distortion, Denaturation; (6) Maladies, when thing actually appears as other, emotions, agitation, passion, change of mental condition, deviation from any natural state, alteration from natural state. Alien status Disturbing Overflowing; Growing Deficient; Inadequate; Deprived of a part Self revealed knowledge without the aid of sense organs e.g. clairvoyance and telepathy knowledge; Deficient direct perception Partial statement Deficient-sensed Distribution Deficient triad (senses) Maimed senses; 2-4 sensed living beings; Mutilated senses; Crippled senses Wrong standpoint (1) Rambling(fickling) of mind (Upyoga) due to rise of passion; (2) Doubt; (3) Thought; (4) Question; (5) Abstraction, mental construction, rambling of mind due to rise of passion, option, uncertainty, ambiguity, contrary thoughts, different types of ambiguous thoughts arising in the mind vividh kalpanao nu man ma uthavu (6) Type, Page 252 of 271

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Vikalpa gnaana Vikathaa Vikrata Vikrati Vikriya Vikriya labdhi Vikrti parityaaga Viksepani kathaa Vikurvana Vilakshana Vilaya Vilunchanaa Vimaana Vimalanaatha Vimatra Vimoha Vimoksa Vinaya Alternative, thoughts or think over Reflective thoughts Ideal talk; Non-religious tales/narrative Distorted Distorted Shape; The distorted self Transformation Super-power of transformation Abandonment of denatured (rich) food Religious or righteousness tales Transformation Anomalous; Varying in character; Different Karmic Cessation; Dissolution Hand plucking of hairs from head Celestial palace; Space vehicles; Temples Thirteenth Teerthnakara Indeterminate quality quantity Wrong knowledge; Allurement; Perversity Liberation; Emancipation Veneration; Reverence; Internal penance; Ethical code; Conduct; Modesty; Respect Verential perversity; Modest misbelief Poem expressing gratitude to the omniscient lord Reverence; Modesty Austerity of reverence Ascertained meanings Courteous Retribution; Fruition; Maturation Fruitional deliberation Vinaya mithyaatva Vinaya paatha Vinaya sampannata Vinaya tapa Vinischitartha Vinita Vipaaka Vipaaka chintana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 253 of 271

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Vipaaka nirjaraa karmic Vipaakavichaya Vipaaka-vichaya-dharmadhyana Vipaksa Vipaksa vyavritti Vipakshataa Viparayaya Vipareeta Viparinaama Viparita mithyaatva Viparyasa Viparyaya Karmic natural dissociation Karmic-fruition-oriented righteous meditation Righteous Analytical Heterologous; Hetrologue; Rival Absence in heterologues Disposition contrary to the natural qualities of soul Perversity; Wrong or mixed up knowledge Contrary; Opposite; Perverse Transformation, Reflection Contrary to truth misbelieve; Belief in wrong religious concepts Contrariety; Contrast; Misrepresentation Opposite; False or erroneous cognition; Wrong knowledge; Antithesis; Reversion; Illusion Introspection; Buddhist meditation system Wood: Forest Liberation Disputation Getting rid of Complex telepathy Heretic; Violator; Non sadhaka or in conflict with achievement for soul Contemplation on detachment Non-restrained A posture Separation Disenchanted Distribution Vipasyana Vipin Vipramoksa Vipratipatti Viprayoga Vipulamati Viraadhaka Viraaga vichaya Viraahita sanyama Viraasana Viraha Virakta Viralana TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 254 of 271

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Viramana Vira-nirvana Virata Virata-avirata Virati Virdhana Virodhi hinsaa Viruddha dharma Viruddha hetvabhasa Virudha rajyatikrama Virya Virya-aachaara Viryaasrava Virya-karana Visaada Visadrsa Visalyaakrana Visamvaada Abstain; Abstinence Beginning of the Jaina era; Death anniversary of Lord Mahavira Abstained Abstained-cum-non-abstained Abstinence Violation (1) Injury happening unavoidably in meeting the aggression in defense of one's person and property; (2) Opposition violence Contradictory attributes Contradictory fallacy Violation of taxation regulation. Energy; Semen; Vitality; Potency Energy-conduct particularly of soul Discharge of semen Kinetic energy Immediate-cum-lucid Dissimilar De-stinging Deceiving; Attracting by false promises; Falsified; Spoiled Expansion Object Sensual safeguarding angeral meditation Specific Slightly more or less Subjective-adjective-relation Visarga Visaya Visaya sanrakananubadhi Visesa Visesadhika Visesana visesyabhava TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 255 of 271

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Vishaalata Vishaarada Vishaya janya Vishaya ruchi Vishaya tyaaga Vishaya viraaga Vishesha Visheshana Vishhaya Vishhaya Broad mindedness Learned; Educated Objects of five senses or sensual related Attachment with sensual enjoyments; Lust Renunciation of sensual enjoyments Renunciation of sensual enjoyments (1) Specific; (2) Special; (3) Particular; (4) Common difference, specific, particularity, special, peculiar, particular, distinctive Distinguishing, discriminative, qualifying, distinctive, adjective, adverb, predicate. Objects of five senses (touch, taste, smell, vision, and sound); Senusal The feelings of soul or the knowlegable objects within soul by help of senses or indriyas. The Protector-god of the Hindu pantheon. Self purification Virtue attainment Radius Spread number Forgetting; Forgetfulness Consummation Natural aggregation Extended Purity Non attachment; Passion free; One from whom attachment is gone for materials. Restrained without attachment Vishnu Vishudhdhi Vishudhi labdhi Viskambha Viskambha suchi Vismaran Visraanti Visrasa Vistrata Visuddhi Vitaraaga Vitaraaga sanyama TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 256 of 271

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Vitaraagataa Vitaraagi Vitarka Vitasti Vitata Vitatha Vitraaga Vitraaga vignaana Vitrasana Vivaada Vivaksha Vivakshakruta Vivarana Vivarta Vivartavaada Vivechana Viveka Viveka gnana Viveka pratima Vivekabuddhi Vivikta jivi Vivikta shayyaashana Vivksita Viyoga TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Total freedom from passions; Thoughts leading to life of incarnations; The attitude of dispassion Dispassionate Meditation with verbal activity A length unit Stretched/stringed instrument sounds. False One from whom attachment is gone for materials Right knowledge with no infatuation; Passionless right knowledge Terrorise Polemic i.e. involving dispute and controversy Main; Priority; Pradhanta; Importance; Primary; Desired as[ect An imaginary story to explain the truth Description Mode Theory of illusion Description Discriminative; Conscience Omniscience Model stage of renouncing possessions. Capable of making and expressing fine distinctions and careful judgments Reclusively living Lonely habitation or sleeping in a lonely place Desired aspect Separation Page 257 of 271

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Voracity Votamda Vraj rushabh naraj sanhanan Vrat Vrata Vrata-anatichara Vratas Ravenousness i.e. excessive desire to eat Wranglings Strong body Vow; Solemn pledge Vow; Abstinence; Resolution; Solemn Pledge Non-transgression in vows Vows (2) Five Great Vows (mahavratas) are: 1. Ahimsa (not to kill) 2. Amrisa (not to tell a lie) 3. Achaurya (not to steal) 4. Amaithuna (not to indulge in sexual behavior) 5. Aparigraha (not to have attachments/possessions) These are to be followed in their most rigorous form, and without lapse, by the monks and nuns. The same five, when prescribed for members of the lay order, become somewhat lenient. These are called Lesser Vows (anuvratas), and then they take the following names: 1. Pranatipata viramana (to desist from killing) 2. Mirsavada viramana (to desist from telling lies) 3. Adattadana viramana (not to accept when not rightly bestowed) 4. Maithuna viramana (to desist from sexual behavior) 5. Parigraha parimana (to fix the size of acquisition) To illustrate, a householder is permitted to cook food even TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 258 of 271

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TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA though this may mean some slaughter of minute animals. A householder is permitted to indulge in sexual behavior with his wife, but not with any other woman. And so on. This is a restricted form of the vow for the lay followers, consistent with the fulfillment of their responsibility as householders. but to atone for these relaxations, seven more vows have been added for the followers as follows: 1. Bhogopabhoga parimana or limiting objects to be used. 2. Dik parimana or limiting the sphere/direction of movement. 3. Anartha-danda viramana or not to indulge in sinful acts not necessary for the maintenance of oneself or one's family. 4. Samayika or concentrating for a duration of 48 minutes on spiritual themes, which may be repeated several times a day. 5. Desavahasika or setting new limits every day within the limits already imposed, thereby restricting further and further one's free life. 6. Pausadha or living for a day like a monk, or even for a day and night, raising the restricted vow to the level of total vows. 7. Atithi-sambibhaga or serving monks, nuns, and other dese rving guests. Of these seven, the first three are called guna- vratas because they intensify the five anuvratas, and the last four Page 259 of 271

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Vratee Vratti Vrattisankshepa Vritta sansthana Vritti Vritti parisamkhyaana are siksavratas, because they are preliminary disciplines for entering into the life of a monk. Apart from observing the five Great Vows, the monks are required to practice ten virtues, specifically mentioned, and practice elaborate meditation. Vower; Votary; Votarist (1) Votary, or vower or votarist i.e. One bound by vows to a religion or life of worship or service; (2) Samyagdrasti (right believer) who has taken vow of shraavaka; (3) Behavior of Passion Control, suppress or shorten the desires Circular configuration Requirements Limiting Requirements; Special restriction for begging food Aphrodisiac drinks Intellect puff Painfulness of disease (Aadhi - mental worry, Vyadhisuffering from disease and Upadhi - problem of old age) Religious address or discourse to the audience Pervasive, pervader, all encompassing, enveloping, determinate; All pervasive Pervaded; Concomitant; Afflicted; Spread out; Full It is a foundational principle of inference. It refers to the universal relation between the middle term and the major term. Pervaded; Determinate; Concomitant. Relationship of determinate concomitant and determinant Vrsyesta rasa Vugnaana mada Vyaadhi Vyaakhyaana Vyaapaka Vyaapta Vyaapti Vyaapya Vyaapya vyaapaka sambandha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 260 of 271

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Vyakta Vyasana Vyateeta Vyatikara dosha Vyavahaara Vyavahaara gyaana Vyavahaara kaala Vyavahaara naya concomitant Manifest or Manifestation; Expression; Perceptible Apparent; Distinct; Visible Evil pursuits like drinking wine gambling womanizing etc. To pass e.g. time Reciprocal fault, living mixing with matter and vice versa, blending together, combination. Conventional; Empirical; Practical; Apparent; Relative The knowledge active in thinking of non-self (not soul) subjects Apparent or relative time Empirical point of view; Conventional stand point; Analytical point of view Fallacy of conventional point of view Perceived conventional point of view Practical path Practical point of view Destruction; Decay; Disappearance Etymology; Meaning of words Giving up all sorts of attachments and belongings; Renunciation of pride and ego Carefulness in disposal of excretes Vyavahaaraabhaasa Vyavahaarabha Vyavahaaramaarga Vyavahaarika Vyaya Vyutpatti Vyutsarga Vyutsarga samiti TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 261 of 271

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Y JAIN WORD (Alphabetic listing Y) Yaachanaa Yachanaa parisaha Yachchita kamandana nyaaya Yadrichchha Yadrichchhopalabdhi Yaga Yagna Yagnopavita Yaksa Yaksha or yakshi Yama Yana Yantra Yapaniya Yasahkirti Yathaakhyaata charitra Yathaapravritta karana Yathaartha TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA MEANING Begging; Soliciting; Asking politely Begging affliction Maxim of borrowed decoration According to one's own wish Overflowing; Accidental Cognition/acquisition Sacrificial rite Sacrificial rite Sacred thread (1) Demigod; (2) A species of celestial beings residing in the uppermost strata of the Ratnaprabha hell, just bordering the earth; (3) A species of peripatetic celestial being residing on the uppermost strata of the Ratnaprabha hell, just bordering the earth A pair of attendant for each tirthankara Basic vows; God of death Ship; Carrier Mystical; Diagram; Machine An extinct jain sect Fame, a karma subspecies Passionless perfect conduct The soul's ineradicable tendency towards spiritual growth; In eradicable tendency towards growth Accordant with reality; Confirmable to truth; True meaning; Genuine; Right Page 262 of 271

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Yathaarthagnaana Yathaashakti Yathaatattva Yathaa-vidhi Yathadrista Yathajatarupa Yathakalpa Yathakhyata charitra Yathakhyata sanyam Yathalandavidhi Yathanupurvi Yathapatya Yati True knowledge, accurate knowledge To the best of ability As per tenets Systematic; As per unit Veridical Nakedness; Naked; Natural form As per practice Perfect conduct; Passionless perfect conduct Revelation of absolute conduct Time-bound course Chronological order Progenylike (1) Semiascetic, Monks of subsidential or destructional ladder; (2) A spiritually advanced layman of the Svetambara sect; (3) A monk To certain degree; Somewhat; of very small quantity Viveka Pilgrimage With limited diet A unit of length (1) Activity of body, mind and speech; (2) Vibration or Activities; (3) Meditation; (4) The vibration of soul; (5) Yoga is the Hindu system of philosophic meditation and asceticism designed to bring about the reunion of the devotee's soul with the Superior Reality. Yogi is a devotee male or yogini is a female devotee of yoga. Yatkinchita Yatna Yatra Yatra-matra vrittika Yava Yoga Note: (In original Jaina terminology, yoga implied TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 263 of 271

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Yoga nigraha Yoga nirodha Yoga-duspranidhana Yogavakrata Yogi Yogi gnaana Yogini Yoginis 64 or 64 Yoginis Yogya Yogyataa activities of the body, mind and speech which create fetters, and was therefore to be discarded. In later periods, however, many Jaina monks have practiced yoga in the Hindu sense.) Control in activity Cessation of activity Misdirected activity Crookedness in activity Non-Jain male meditator Mediator's supra-knowledge Non-Jain female meditator Attendants of the Mother-Goddess in the Hindu pantheon Proper; Fit; Qualified Ability; Fitness; Qualification; Merit; Propriety; Power to express intended meaning (1) Measure of distance, 4 Krosas, app. 8 miles; (2) prthakatva 2-9 yojanas; (3) A measure of distance equal to about eight or nine English miles. 2 miles make one kosa, and 4 miles makes one yojana Tortoise-like raised birth place A time unit, 2 kuksis Measure of length Simultaneous Even number; Pair A length unit, 8 liksas An infinity type Strategy; Device; Trick Heretic; Alien creedar; Alien viewer Yojana Yoni kurmonnata Yuga Yugaantara Yugapata Yugmaa Yuka Yuktananta Yukti Yuthika TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 264 of 271

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Yuti Union TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 265 of 271

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ITEM EXCERPTS FROM THE JAIN TENETS Be forgiving. The refinements of the right religion is child's best gift. Jainism is our greatest inheritance. Human incarnation is your best punya karma. Jainism is your best privilege. Exercise the gift wisely. Contemplation about the devotion beneficial to self and others and proper conduct is righteous meditation. Our prayers are to those who have led the path to Salvation, who have destroyed the mountains of karma, and who know the reality of the Universe. We pray to them so that we may acquire their attributes. All living beings in this world suffer for their own deeds; they can not escape the good and bad consequences of the deeds committed by themselves individually. To express dissenting opinion is a natural human tendency. The wisdom lies in harmonizing the dissensions. Practice Anekantavada (multiplicity of viewpoints). Some may call him Buddha, Vishnu, Shiva, Jina, or may call him Brahma, supreme; his thoughts and deep devotion may be in my heart and mind and dream. Five best benevolent personalities (panch parameshthi) are: 1. Arahantas - Supreme human beings 2. Siddhas - Pure souls 3. Acharyas - Master teachers 4. Uppadhyayas - Scholarly monks 5. Sadhus - Ascetics Practice Ahimsa, Anekaantavaada and Aparigraha God is neither the creator, nor the destructor of the Universe. God is merely a silent observer, and Omniscient One who, even after knowing the whole Universe can remain unaffected, and unattached is the god. 0 10. 11. TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 266 of 271

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12. The greed(Lobha) captives one into the miseries. Holiness is the contentment, for the contentment delivers to freedom from miseries. Fight, and conquer thyself, for difficult it is to conquer the self then foes external. If the self is conquered, You shall be happy in this world and hereafter. Dharma is the most auspicious of the auspicious things. Ahimsa (non-violence) and Truth(Satya) are its cardinal principles Even angels pay obeisance to one whose mind remains occupied with dharma. Modesty is the religious virtue. Practice of which brings forth the state of tranquility in the 14. 15. 16. soul. 18. 19. 20 21. 22. Soul is brahma, getting absorbed of self in own's soul while desisting from slavery of the body is brahmchaarya. Celibacy is the prime conduct of the brahmchaarya. God is the perfected human being. Soul is independent, indestructible, omniscient, blissful, omnipotent, and has infinite perception. Renunciation(Tyaaga) is Religion(Dharma). Donation(Dana) is a merit karma (Punya) As means of proper conduct practice five vows: Know thou the truth! For truth always triumphs. He who abides by the precept of truth, ultimately conquers the crest. Samyag Darshana (Proper belief), Samyaga Gnana (Proper knowledge), and Samyaga Charitra (Proper conduct) are three jewels (Ratnatraya) of Jainism leads a soul to moksha. Fight and conquer thyself for difficult it is to conquer the self than foes external. If the self is conquered, you shall be happy in this world and hereafter. Oh Soul, seek not happiness outside, for, the real happiness lies in the depth of your own self. God is the supreme manifestation of the human excellence. Truth always triumphs 26. 27. TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 267 of 271

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28. Dharma is characterized by (1) Uttama Kshma (Forbearnce, Forgiveness) (2) Uttama Mardava (Modesty, Humility) (3) Uttama Arjava (Straightforwardness, Honesty) (4) Uttama Saucha (Purity) (5) Uttama Satya (Truth) (6) Uttama Samyama (Self-restraint, Control of senses) (7) Uttama Tapa (Austerity, Penance) (8) Uttama Tyaga (Renunciation) (9) Uttama Akinchanya (Non-attachment) (10) Uttama Brahmacharya (Celibacy, Chastity) 29. Practice forgiveness 1. Non-violence (Ahimsa) 2. Truth (Satya) 3. Achauriya (Non-stealing) 4. Brahmcharya (Celibacy) 5. Aparigraha(Non-possessiveness) 30. Neither the body, nor family, nor caste is adorable. Who would have respect for those that are devoid of merit. One that hath no merit is neither a Sramana nor a Sravaka. Humility is the root of the tree of dharma, and moksha is the nectrine of the fruit of the tree of dharma. Assume humility, and the right knowledge, which leads soul to the liberation bestows upon you. It is the conduct, or actions of a person that make him (or her) a brahman, a ksatriya, a vaishya or a sudra, and not a birth. (35) An accomplishment in observing perfect self-control is far superior than charitizing million dollar a month. (36) Ashrava (influx of karmic matter) is the cause of mundane (earthly) existence and 32. 33. 34. TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 268 of 271

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35. 36. 38. 39, 40. samvara (stoppage of the influx of karma) is the cause of liberation. Live and let live; live and help others in living. A needle with a thread attached does not get lost in the ground. A man with the knowledge of scriptures (religious books) does not get lost in sansar. Acquire knowledge of jainism everyday. I bow to Lord Mahavir, the great well wisher of all living beings, the source of joy to the souls of the universe; the one who is worshipped by all celestials and the lord of gods. Pleasures of the senses are not permanent, like the birds, who leave the tree, when fruits are gone. Seek refuge in dharma and everlasting pleasures of moksha may be yours. A dew drop on the tip of a grass blade soon vanishes and so is the life of a man. So do not be thoughtless even for a moment. A fortunate soul has 1. Human birth 2. Right religious preachings 3. Faith in that right religion 4. Strength to practise self-control. Neither the body, nor family, nor caste is adorable. Who would have respect for those that are devoid of merit. One that hath no merit is neither a sramana nor a sravaka. There is no fear greater than death, no pain greater than birth. So, oh soul, forsake the attachement to this body subject to birth and death, and absorb inwards into your real self, for, that alone can liberate you from the fear of death, and pain of birth. Anger destroys love; Pride destroys humility; Deceit destroys friendship; and Greed destroys everything. Conquer the anger by forgiveness, Pride by humility, Deceit by straightforwardness, and Greed by contentment. It is the conduct, or actions of a person that make him (or her) a brahman, a Ksatriya, a Vaishya, or a Sudra, and not a birth. Humility is the root of the tree of Dharma, and Moksha is the nectar of the fruit of the tree of dharma. Assume humility and the right knowledge which leads soul to the liberation 41. 42. 44. 45. TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 269 of 271

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46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. bestows upon you Who is Parmaatma, is I, and I am, who is Parmatma. So, oh soul, do not doubt for a moment and proceed to purify yourself of karmic bondages. An ordinary man, who totally conducts himself with right knowledge (Samyaggnan), performs far better towards the ultimate knowledge (Keval gnana), than an ascetic who conducts harsh penance with ignorance. There is nothing difficult for a person who is free from all desires. Like digging a well when fire breaks out is absurd, so is, seeking a religion when trouble breaks out. Instill the refinements of right religion in a child now. Name of Jain dreams by queen Trishladevi the mother of lord Mahavirswami. Gajaraja Vrishhabha, Lion, Lakshmi, Pushhpamala, Chandra, Surya, Dhwaja, Kalasha, Padma Sarovara, Sagara, Deva-vimana, Ratna-rashi, Fire Names of some of the Jain scriptures: Dravyasangraha, Kalpa Sutra, Panchastikayasara, Pravachansara, Niyamsara, Samayasara, Sarvarthasiddhi, Tattvarthasutram, Gommatsara Karmakanda, Siddhantachakravarti, Gommatsara Jivakanda, Labdhisara I grant forgiveness to all living beings, and may all living beings grant me forgiveness. No one is enemy to me, and I am enemy to none. My friendship is with all the living beings. Whatever wrong I may have done by my thought, word, or deed - I earnestly, and humbly ask forgiveness and absolution. MICHCHHAMI DUKKADAM TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 270 of 271

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TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM THE END micchAmi dur3ama MICHCHHAAMI DUKKADAM DINESH VORA (COPYRIGHTS PROTECTED) TERMINOLOGY OF JAINISM BY DINESH VORA Page 271 of 271