Prachina

Author(s): Ravi Hajarnis, Jitendra B Shah
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032765/1

Page #1
lA. da. graMthamALA naM. 170 prAthInA lekhaka ravi hajaranIsa saMpAdaka jitendra bI. zAha zrIya sasta RA lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira navaraMgapurA, amadAvAda 380 009 dhAmAdeza

Page #2
lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira graMthamALA naM.170 prAcInA lekhaka ravi hajaranIsa pUrva sahAyaka purAtattva niyAmaka, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda-gAMdhInagara saMpAdaka jitendra bI. zAha bhAratIya vaE lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira navaraMgapurA, amadAvAda 380 009

Page #3
prAcIna Pracheena lekhaka ravi hajaranIsa Author Ravi Hazarnis saMpAdaka jitendra bI. zAha Editor Jitendra B. Shah pradhAna saMpAdaka jitendra bI. zAha General Editor Jitendra B. Shah prakAzaka Do. jitendra bI. zAha niyAmaka lA.da.bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira gujarAta yunivarsiTI pAse, navaraMgapurA, amadAvAda 380009 phona(079) 2630263 Publisher: Dr. Jitendra B. Shah Director L. D. Institute of Indology, Near Gujarat University, Navarangpura, Ahmedaad 380 009 Tel : 079-26302463 prathama AvRtti : 2017 First Edition : 2017 nakala : 500 Copies : 500 kiMmata : rU. 350/ Price : Rs. 350.00 (c) L. D. Institute of Indology (c) L. D. Institute of Indology ISBN : 81-85857-54-7 ISBN : 81-85857-54-7 mudraka navabhArata prinTIMga presa amadAvAda, mo. 9825598855 Printer Navabharat Printing Press Ahmedabad Mob: 9825598855

Page #4
samarpaNa bhAratIya vidyAnA mahAmaniSI pro. madhusUdana DhAMkI - saMpAdaka

Page #5
_

Page #6
prakAzakIya prA.ravi hajaranIsanA judAjudA sAmayikomAM pragaTa thayelA lekhono saMgraha A prAcIna graMthamAM temaNe gujarAta rAjyanA purAtattva vibhAgamAM ghaNAM varSo sudhI sevAo ApelI hatI. nivRtta thayA pachI prA.ravi hajaranIse keTalAka samaya mATe ena.sI.mahetA laghucitra saMgrahAlayamAM sevAo ApI hatI. purAtattvIya vidvAnazrI sadUgata ravibhAIe jIvanakALa daramiyAna aneka zodhakhoLo karI tene lekha svarUpe kalAtmakatAnI dRSTie ghaNA ja mahattvanA che, je saraLatAthI upalabdha thatA nathI tethI graMtha svarUpe pragaTa thAya to jijJAsuone upayogI thAya tevI bhAvanAthI zrI ravi hajaranIsane vAraMvAra vinaMtI karavAmAM AvI hatI. aMte temaNe saMmati ApI tyArapachI temanI pAsethI mAhitI meLavIne lekho pragaTa karavA mATe kAryano prAraMbha karyo. lekhono saMgraha taiyAra thayo tyAre temane ekavAra vAMcI jaI prakAzana mATe maMjUrI meLavavA vinaMtI karavAmAM AvI. temaNe moTAbhAganA lekhomAM zuddhivRddhi karI tethI ghaNo samaya vItI gayo. tyArabAda ame prakAzana mATe presamAM meTara ApyuM paraMtu vidhinI vicitratA thaI ke durbhAgya prA.zrI ravi hajaranIsanuM acAnaka ja avasAna thayuM. temaNe ApelA meTaranI enTrI Adi karI tathA upalabdha phoTogrAphsane kramathI goThavI graMtha taiyAra karavAmAM Avyo. graMtha mATe AzIrvacana pro.madhusUdana DhAMkIe ApyA che. amane duHkha e vAtanuM ja che ke graMthanA prakAzana samaye uparokta banne vidvAnoe Aje ApaNI vaccethI vidAya laI lIdhI che. Aje teo hayAta hota to prastuta prakAzana joIne khUba ja prasannatA A graMthanA prakAzanamAM gujarAta rAjaya purAtattva vibhAge anudAna ApyuM che te mATe saMsthA temano AbhAra mAne che. graMtha prakAzanamAM saMsthAnA karmacArIoe karelA sahayoganI huM anumodanA karuM chuM. gurupUrNimA, 2017 jitendra bI. zAha niyAmaka

Page #7
Amukha vizvanuM koIpaNa rASTra ke deza hoya, upakhaMDa jevo vizALa ApaNo bhAratadeza ane e aMtargata gujarAta hoya, e tamAme tamAmamAM atItanI khoja karavA mATenuM zraddheya sAdhana purAtattva che. samaya udyAnamAM aitihAsikakAle emAM abhilekhIya ane sAhityika sAdhano umerAyAM. have to atItanI khojamAM, itihAsa lekhanamAM purAtattva ane sAhityika sAdhano eka bIjAnA pUraka banI rahyAM che. purAtattva AMtaravidyAkIya abhigama dharAvato satyAnveSI, vaijJAnika ane tAlImabaddha viSaya che. ukta tamAma bAbatone ujAgara karato prAcIna graMtha ApaNA mATe anubhavI viSaya jJAtA ane gujarAta rAjya purAtattvakhAtAnA pUrva sahAyaka purAtattva niyAmaka zrI ravi hajaranIse taiyAra karyo che. mAro lekhaka sAtheno maitrIpUrNa paricaya traNeka dAyakA uparAntano che. jANItA purAvid ane klAvid hovAne nAte san 1983mAM meM amerikana insTiTyUTa opha inDolojI, vArANasImAM ravine siniyara phelo tarIke joDAvA AmaMtraNa ApeluM tyArathI adyApi paryata teo mArA Atmiya banI rahyAM che. prAcIna emanA pragaTa ane apragaTa zodhalekhono saMcaya che. emanuM satata lekhanakArya vizALa phalakanuM rahyuM che. emAMthI cUMTelA, vidyApITha, svAdhyAya, saMbodhi, sAmIpya, gujarAta, pathika ane vallabhavidyAnagara jevA sAmAyiko, naimAsiko ke vArSikomAM prakAzita thayelAM tadatirikta smRtigraMtho, abhinaMdana graMtho, khAsa graMtho ke vRttapatromAM prasaMgopAtta chapAyelA lekhone paNa samAviSTa karelAM che. prastuta lekha samuccayamAM keTalAka anya vidvAno sAthe sahalekhanamAM lakhAyelA zodhalekho paNa che. jenI saMpUrNa vigato lekhake potAnA nivedanamAM ApelI che. aMgenA, cAra sthApatyanA viSaya para ane be abhilekhAvidyA saMbaMdhI che. uparAnta lekhakanI khAsa abhirUcinA zilpa ane mUrtividhAna viSayanA zodhalekhone paNa sAmela karAyA che. prathama lekhAMka zikArI raMgotsava e guphAcitromAM citrita prAgaitihAsika yugathI madhyakAla parvatanuM pratibiMbita satata pAraMparika tatkAlIna mAnava jIvanInuM citraNa che. pramANamAM A viSaya navo che. je zarUAtanA dhArmika, sAmAjika ane kaMIka aMze Arthika paribaLono nirdeza kare che. lekhakanA mAnavA mujaba pAraMpArika saMskAravidhi utsavo, jAduToNA, bhUvAnRtyo, AkheTa nRtyo ane ArAdhanA nRtyo vagere atyaMta vegIlA saMgIta nAcamaMtragAnano mAnavano pahelo prayoga che. je raMgamaMcano nirdeza kare che.

Page #8
AthI guphA ane zailAzraya AsapAsano parisara mAnavanuM paheluM thiyeTara che. Aje paNa AdivAsI kalAmAM nRtyavAdya, nATya, gAna ane saMgIta pAraMpArika rIte supere jovA maLe. dvitIya zodhapatra AdyaaitihAsikakAlIna gujarAta che. pahelAMnI mAnyatA ane chellA trIsa varSanA utpananonA niSkarSane kAraNe Avela badalAva vagerenI carcA karavAmAM AvI che. siMdhusabhyatA saMzodhanakAryanI adyApiparvatanI rUparekhA ApavAmAM AvI che. uparAnta gujarAtamAM thayela sAmudrika purAtattva ke jalAnta purAtattvanI vigato paNa sAmela karAI che. tRtIya lekha vinoda eka purAtattvIya vasAhatamAM sthaLanuM citra apAyuM che. jemAM zarUAtanA aitihAsikakAlathI madhyayuga sudhInuM saLaMga citraNa che. aitihAsikakAlanA prAraMbhe pazcime romana jagata sAthe to madhyayuge pUrvamAM cIna sAthenA saMparka ane saMbaMdho sthaLanI jAhojalAlI batAvI rahe che. dariyApAranA vyApAro, vyavahAro vicodanI samRddhi darzAve che. 16mAM saikA bAda sthaLa ujjaDa ane bheMkAra banI gayuM. kalAviddomAM mokharAnuM sthAna dharAvatA lekhakano rasano viSaya zilpa ane pratimA vidhAna che. AthI kramAMka 4 thI 9, 11, 15, 17, 18, 19 ane 20 e A viSayanA che. caturtha lekha zAmaLAjInI dvibAhu gaNeza pratimA aMtargata vizvanI tamAma prAcInatama gaNezapratimAonA saMdarbhamAM zAmaLAjInA gaNezanI thayelI carcA suMdara che. pAMcamA lekhamAM ToTugAmanI virala nRtyagaNeza pratimAno paricaya che. 1936mAM pI.e.inAmadAre zodhelA zAmaLAjI vistAranA zilpo AMtararASTriya kalAphalaka para mahattvanA gaNAya che. lekhake tyArabAdanA navA zodhAyelA zAmaLAjInA cha zilpono samUha rajU karyo che. atirikta emaNe zAmaLAjInA be ardhatakSaNavALI pratimAone AdhAre zAmaLAjInI sthAnIka varkazopa hovAnI dalIla karI che. sAtamo zodhalekha e adyApi aprakAzita delAnI durgAmahiSAsuramardinI che. tyArabAda be devI zilpa mastako lekha che. je paikI prathama banAsakAMThA jillAnA sultAnapura gAmanuM to bIju dhoLakAnuM che. navamo lekha kAyAvarohaNanI prAcIna dipAla agni pratimA che. lekhakanA mAnavA anusAra hAla puratu ene gujarAtanI sauthI prAcIna dipAla agnipratimA gaNI zakAze. svAdhyAya, pu.10, aM.2, phebruArI 1973mAM meM gujarAtanI keTalIka navI zodhAyelI maitraka, mahAgUrjara ane AsolaMkIkAlIna pratimAo zodhapatra prasiddha karyuM hatuM. tyArabAda A graMthalekhake moDherAnA navIna zodhAyelAM mahAgUrjara zailInA zilpakhaMDa lekha svAdhyAyamAM pragaTa karyo hato. je sudhArA umeraNa sAthe prAcIna graMthamAM 11mA krame puna mudrita karyo che. 15mo zodhalekha vRSabha-naMdI, sAhitya ane kalAmAM gujarAtanA pariprekSyamAM) lakhAyelo che. je aMtargata madhyapUrvanA dezomAM prAgaaitihAsikayugathI madhyayuga parvatanI ane bhAratanI vRSabhapUjA temaja naMdIpratimAono abhyAsa raju karyo che. kramAMka 17, 18 ane 19nA zodhakho anukrame aMbAsaNanI lakSmInArAyaNa pratimA, mevaDanI viSNupratimA ane nagarAnI brahmadeva pratimA vagere Ameja karelA che. kramAMka-14no lekha gujarAtanA devAlayonI vyAla AkRtio sthApatya-zilpa viSaye che.

Page #9
jyAre sthApatya viSayaka 10mA lekhamAM yuropiyana carca-sthApatya zarUAtathI normanakAla sudhInI rasaprada carcA karelI che. 12mA kramAMke kalezvarI smArakasamUha nAmaka lekhamAM sthaLa paranA smArakonA adyatana DroMIga ApelA che. je upayogI gaNAya. navalakhA maMdira-dhUmalInI sthApatyakIya ThIka ThIka carcA thaI che. enA nirmANakAla ane nirmANakartA aMgenI vicAraNA ane lekhako e rANAbhANa jeThavAnA samayanuM hovAnuM mAne che. chelle abhilekhavidyA saMbaMdhI ra1mo ane 22mo lekha che je luNAvADAnI rUpA mahetAnI chatrIno lekha tathA dadhipuranagara (dAhoda)nI salekha niSidhikA che. beya smRtismAraka lekho sthAniya itihAsa mATe agatyanA che. lekhasaMcayanI vizada samajUtI arthe pratyeka lekhane aMte pAdaTIpa ApavAmAM AvI che. jemAMthI saMdarbha sAmagrIno AdhAra maLI rahe che. A sivAya phoTogrAphasuM, rekhAMkano, saMkSepasUci ane zabdasUci dvArA graMtha samRddha banyo che. je aneka rIte abhyAsIone upayogI nIvaDaze. 19.8.2011

Page #10
prAkathana purANuM eTale prAcIna. jeno aMgrejImAM paryAya Ancient zabda che. arthaghaTana jotAM A zabda purAtattva (Archaeology) saMbaMdhita che. prAcIna parathI prAcIna nAmAbhidhAna A prastuta graMthanuM rAkhela che. je mArA pragaTa ane apragaTa purAtattva ane prAcInakalA aMgenA zodhalekhono samuccaya che. enA dvArA atItanI khojamAM DokIyuM karAvavAno namra prayAsa che. pustakathI kaMI navIna saMzodhana thayAno dAvo nathI. paNa purogAmIoe kaMDArela saMzodhananI keDIne AgaLa calAvAno prayatna karelo che. pitAzrI gajAnanarAva hajaranIsa pUrvenA vaDodarA saMsthAna, svataMtratA bAdanA dvibhASI muMbaI rAjya ane 1960 pachI gujarAta rAjyamAM carotara, vaDodarA, bharUca, rAjapIpaLA ane anyatra polIsa adhikArI tarIke kAryarata hatAM. badalInA niyamonusAra kuTumbasaha eka gAmathI bIje gAma javAnuM thatuM. tatkAle aneka viTaMbaNAo vacce paNa nAnapaNamAM smArako, maMdiro ane mUrtio vagere jovA maLatuM tyAre maMdiro-pratimAo vagere kyA niyamone AdhAre ghaDAtI ? mahelo pUrvenA bhavya smArako Aje khaMDera jevA bhAsatA hoI e mATe glAnI thatI. A jANavAnI jijJAsA aMge mAtuzrI ane marAThI vADamayIna kaviyatri vimaLAbahena yathAzakti samaja ApatAM. yuvAvaye ma.sa.vizvavidyAlaya vaDodarAmAMthI itihAsa ane kAyadAnA viSaya ane snAtaka thaI, vaDodarA saMgrahAlayamAM joDAyo. ahIM tatkAlIna myujhiyamanA sahAyaka niyAmaka ane bahuzruta vidvAna zrIyuta bhAskarabhAI mAMkaDanA saMparkamAM Avyo. emaNe mArI rUcI joI ema.esa.yunivarsiTI oNpha baroDAnA purAvastu vibhAgamAM ArchaeologynA anusnAtaka abhyAsakramamAM nokarI sAthe ja mArI bhaNavAnI goThavaNa karI ApI. A aMge huM mAMkaDa sAhebano Ajanma RNI chuM. M.A.nA abhyAsa daramyAna AMtararASTrIya khyAtIne varelA pro.DaoN.Ara.ena.mahetA (vibhAgIya vaDA) pro.DaoN.sUryakAnta caudharI (jANItA u nanakAra), pro.DaoN.eca.sI.malIka (Palaeologist), pro.Do.ke.TI.ema hegaDe (purAtattvIya rasAyaNavi) vagerenA gADha saMparkamAM Avyo. mArA ghaDataramAM A tamAma vidyAguruonA phALAno huM svIkAra karuM chuM. tatkAlanA gurUbaMdhuo-sahAdhyAyIo pro.DaoN.vasaMta pArekha ane pro.DaoN.vizvAsa sonavaNeno sAtha-sahakAra paNa kAbIle tArIpha hato. 1969mAM Archaeology sAthe anusnAtaka thatAM, samajAyuM ke purAtattvasAdhanA myujhiyamanI cAra divAlomAM besI thaI zake nahI. AthI mArA purogAmIo madhusUdana DhAMkI, choTubhAI atri ane

Page #11
mukuMda rAvalanI jema ja rAjaya purAtattvakhAtAmAM joDAvAnuM mana nakkI karI lIdhuM. sadbhAgye tatkAlanA purAtattva niyAmaka zrI jayendra nANAvaTIe mArI pasaMdagI Registering Officer (Antiquities) tarIke vaDodarA vartuLa mATe 1975mAM karI to 1976mAM G.P.S.C. amadAvAda dvArA mane dakSiNavartuLa, surata mATe Superintending Archaeology tarIke nimaNuMka maLI ane Ama purAtattvayAtrA zarU thaI. je sapharano aMta vayanivRttie Assistant Director, Gujarat State, AhmedabadthI thayo. A mATe huM zrIyuta nANAvaTI sAhebano hRdayapUrvaka AbhAra mAnuM chuM. A kAryakALa daramyAna mane mu.Ara.ena.mahetA ane mu.DhAMkI sAheba taraphathI anukrame ema.esa.yunivarsiTI opha baroDA, tathA amerikana insTiTyUTa oNpha inDolojI, vArANasImAM joDAvAnI lobhAmaNI ophara maLela. paraMtu mArA patni mAlatI rAje ekAunTanTa janaralanI amadAvAdanI kacerImAM ekAunTas ophIsara hovAthI koTumbika kAraNosara amadAvAda choDavuM icchanIya na lAgyuM. jo ke A diggajo sAthe kAma karavAnI taka meM khoI, eno vasavaso kAyama mATe rahyo. purAtattvakhAtAnI nivRtti ane niSkrIya nA karI zakI. ane be varSa bAda sanmitra pro.DaoN.jitendra zAhanA sUcanathI 2003 thI 3 varSa mATe amadAvAda mukAme N.C.Mehta Gallary khAte (Hon) Director tarIke joDAyo. pachIthI traNa varSa mATe gujarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAdamAM ma.de.samAjasevA mahAvidyAlayanA itihAsa-saMskRti vibhAgamAM Visiting Professor tarIke sevAo ApI. samagra jIvanabhara mane preraNA ane mArgadarzana maLyAM e mArA snehI kalAvid sadgata pro.DaoN. umAkAnta zAhano AbhAra zabdomAM vyakta thAya tema nathI. graMthamAM samAviSTa zodhalekho mULa sAmIpya, svAdhyAya, pathika, vidyApITha, saMbodhI, gujarAta, vallabhavidyAnagara, Journal of Oriental Institute, Baroda ane gujarAta itihAsa pariSada, amadAvAda dvArA prakAzita laghugraMtha candraka vijetA nibaMdha saMgraha vageremAM pragaTa thayelAM. A atirikta lekhake judI judI saMsthAmAM Apela vyAkhyAno ane vRttapatronI mulAkAtomAMthI cUMTI kADhela viNelA motIno samAveza karela che. A tamAma saMbaMdhakartA ane saMdarbhakartAonA saujanyathI prastuta karyA che. je punaH mudrita che. agAu A samuccayanA zodhapatromAM keTalAMka saMyukta sahalekhanamAM lakhAyelA hatAM. tamAmanI vigato ahIM sAmela che. 1. zikArI raMgotsavaH gujarAta rAjya saMgIta nATaka ekeDamI, gAMdhInagara ane thiyeTara eNnDa miDIyA senTara, amadAvAdanA saMyukta upakrame tArIkha 3 ane 4 phebruArI 2011nA be divasa amadAvAda khAte yojAyela dhoLAvIrAnA avazeSomAMthI maLela raMgabhUmi aMge saMzodhanalakSI semInAramAM A lekhake pUrNAhutI dine Apela zikArI raMgotsava-guphAcitronA pariprekSyamAM beya saMsthAnA saujanyathI lekharUpe ahIM pragaTa thAya che. 2. AdyaaitihAsikakAlIna gujarAta adyApi aprasiddha zodhalekha prathamavAra prAcIna graMthamAM prasiddha thAya che. jemAM tatkAlanA gujarAtanuM rasaprada citra ApaNane maLe che. adyApa parvatanI siMdhu sabhyatA

Page #12
zodhakAryanI rUparekhA vidyArthio ane saMzodhako mATe agatyanI che. temaja jalAnta purAtattva (Underwater Archarology) aMtargata beTadvArakA najadIkanA sAmudrika purAtattvIya kheDANanI vigato gujarAta ane bhAratamAM A viSayanA kheDANano khyAla Ape che. atyAra sudhI i.sa.pUrve 1500 thI 1700 thI laI IsvIsananI rajI zatAbdInA avazeSonI bhALa maLe che. (sahalekhaka : maulika hajaranIsa) 3. Visod... An Archaeological Site : w203 au Samipya, April, 1991 March 1992mAM prasiddha thayela jene navIna tathyonA vAghA paherAvI, umaraNa sAthe gujarAtImAM pragaTa, vinoda 4. zAmaLAjInI dvibAhugaNeza pratimA, samayAMkana ane vicAraNA mULe A zodhalekhana pathika, jAnyu-phebru 1984, aMka-4mAM prasiddha thayela navIna purAvA ane tathyo sAthe Aja zIrSaka heThaLa pharIne raju karela che. 5. ToTunI virala gaNeza pratimA, pathika, varSa-31 dIpotsavAMka, okTo-navembara, 1991. (sahalekhaka : dinakara mahetA) 6. navA zodhAyelA ane ochA jANItA zAmaLAjInA zilpo svAdhyAya, me-1981. 7. durgAmahiSAsura mardinI - delAnI eka aprakAzita pratimA, prathamavAra prAcInAmAM zodhalekha prasiddha thaI rahyo che. (sahalekhaka : maulika hajaranIsa) 8. be devI zilpa zIrSa. vidyApITha, saLaMga aMka-115, jAnyu-phrebu-1982. (sahalekhaka: mukuMda rAvala) 9. gujarAtanI dikapAla agnInI prAcInatama pratimA, pathika, okTo-nave-Disembara, 1999, dIpotsavAMka. 10. zarUAtanA khristakAlathI normanakAla sudhInuM yuropiyana carca-sthApatya. svAdhyAya, 5.37, aMka-3-4 ogasTa-okTombara, janmASTamI-dIpotsavI, varSa-2000. (pharIne ahIM raju karelA zodhalekhanA sahalekhaka : maulika hajarIsa) 11. moDherAnA mahAgurjara zailInA zilpakhaMDo, svAdhyAya, pu.20, aM-2, jAnyuArI, 1983. 12. kalezvarI smAraka samUha gujarAta, sAptAhika, gujarAta sarakAra, tArIkha rajI sapTembara, 1990 (tatkAlanA sahalekhaka : dinakara mahetA) hAla adyatana ArkaTikacarala proiMganI sajAvaTa ane vAstunI navIna sajAvaTa sAthe prAcInAmAM pragaTa thAya che. (sahalekhaka : maulika hajarIsa)

Page #13
13. madhya ane anumadhyakAlIna gujarAtanA bhinnacitro, prathamavAra prAcInAmAM prakAzita thAya Rche. 14. gujarAtanA devAlayonI vyAla AkRtio (i.sa.1300 sudhI) zodhalekhane gujarAta itihAsa pariSada amadAvAda taraphathI sarayuM vasaMta gupta nAmaka zilpa viSayano sarvocca caMdraka pariSadanA kalakattA (have kolakattA) adhivezanamAM enAyata karavAmAM Avela. paNa kamanasIbe saMzodhanapatranI pAdaTIpa ane mULa text jyAMthI phAve tyAMthI kApIne A lekhakanI jANa vagara kaMDhagI rIte saMpAdananI bhUlo sudhAryA vagara pariSada, candraka vijetA nibaMdha saMgraha (saM) zukla ane thomasa paramAra, amadAvAda, 1988mAM prasiddha karela. have prAcInAmAM ukta tamAma bhUla sudhAraNA ane umeraNa sAthe Aja zIrSaka heThaLa prastuta che. punaHmudraNa arthe pariSadanuM saujanya mAnavAmAM Ave che. 94. Bull and Nandi Images of Gujarat, Sambodhi Vol.XXIX, Puratattva Vol.1, 2007), aMtargata lekhake aMgrejImAM carcA karelI che. vaLI Bull and sun in the Rock Art of Sapawada - Gujarat. Journal of the Oriental Institute, Vol. 44, Nos 1-4 Sep.1994 - June 1995mAM zailakalAnA saMdarbhe upara jaNAvyA pramANe carcA thaI che. mitro ane vAcakonI mAgaNIthI gujarAtImAM vRSabha-naMdI sAhitya ane kalAmAM (gujarAtanA saMdarbhamAM) zIrSaka heThaLa prathamavAra carcA thaI rahI che. 16. navalakhA maMdari, ghUmalI, gujarAta, sAptAhika, gujarAta sarakAra, tA.30mI navembara, 1990 (sahalekhaka : dinakara mahetA) 17. aMbAsaNanI lakSmInArAyaNa pratimA, pathika, varSa-26, aMka-3, Disemabara 1986 (sahalekhaka mukuMda rAvala). 18. mevaDanI viSNupratimA, pathika, me-1987. 19. nagarAnI prAcIna brahmadevapratimA nAmaka nAnakaDo lekha naMdana hariprasAda zAstrInA sahalekhanamAM lakhAyela je vallabhavidyAnagara, varSa-12-e.pa-me-2010mAM prakAzita thayela Aja zIrSaka heThaLa zodhalekha navIna pramANo sahita vistRtarUpe prAcInAmAM sAmela karAyo che. jenA sahalekhaka: maulika hajaranIsa che. 20. yoginIpujA ane gujarAta kALIcaudasanA parva nimitte jANItA gujarAta samAcAra dainikanA patrakAra zrI dakSeza pAThake lekhanI lIdhela mulAkAta ahIM lekharUpe prastuta che. 21. kRpA mahetAnI chatrIno, sambodhi, Vol.XXIX, Puratattva, Vol.1, 2007 mAM chapAyela sahalekhikA ravi hajarIsanA suputrI zephAlI hajarIsa (have sauM.zephAlI esa. rAyaNe) che. 22. dadhipuranagara - dAhodanI salekha niSidhikA. svAdhyAya, 5.38, aMka.1-2, jAnyueprila, 2001, vi.saM. 2057. (sahalekhaka : munIndra jozI) 12

Page #14
phoTogrAphsa gujarAta rAjaya purAtattvakhAtAnA saujanya ane sahAyathI raju karyA che. purAtattva niyAmaka zrIyuta yadubIrasiMha rAvatano khAtAkIya Arthika anudAna mATe AbhAra mAnavAmAM Ave che. to khAtAnA pUrva prakAzana adhikArI zrImati ilAbahena davee prAcInA vahelI take prasiddha thAya mATe jahemata uThAvI che. pro.sanmitra DaoN.jitendra zAhe potAnuM ja pustaka hoya evo rasa lIdho che ane vyasta paristhitimAM graMtha mATe prakAzakIya lakhI Apela che. A mATe lekhaka emano RNabhAra svIkAre che. kAlezvarInI nAla sthaLano gUgala AdhArIta eriyala phoTogrAphsa temaja ahIMnA smArakonA adyatana ArkiTekTara DroMIgsa vagere anvaye vaDoDarA pAsenI pArula insTiTyUTa oNpha ArkITekjharala enDa rIsarca saMsthAno, vidyArthIono ane khAsa to insTiTyUTanA ArkiTekTa-plAnara pro.maulika hajaranIse graMthamukhapRSTha zaNagAra karI Apela che. pitAzrI gajAnana hajaranIsa ane mAtuzrI vimaLAbahena jevA svajanonA RNano anugrahI chuM. nAnI bahena Prof. Prachi S. Chitnis, Potomac college, Virginia, U.S.A. thI vahelI take prakAzita thAya mATe satata ugharANI cAlu rAkhela je protsAhaka banI rahI. patnI sau.mAlatI rAje, suputrI sau. zephAlI nAyaNe ane suputra maulikanA sahakArathI A kaThIna kArya sAkAra thayuM. A sAthe ela.DI.insTiTyUTa oNpha inDolojI, amadAvAdanA sTAphanI sahAya arthe noMdha lauM chuM. aMtamAM saMzodhanamAM sadAya gaLADuba rahenArA mArA Atmiya pro.madhusUdana DhAMkIe graMthanuM Amukha lekhI Apela che. jenAthI graMthamUlya vadhI gayAnuM huM namrapaNe mAnuM chuM. chelle samayanI uNapane lIdhe rahI gayelI kSatIo mATe kSamApArthI chuM. vAcakonA racanAtmaka sUcanone AvakAruM chuM. vasaMtapaMcamI, vi.saM. 2070 ravi hajaranIsa DI/10, zrImadhuram epArTamenTa cANakyapurI cAra rastA pAse, nyusamA roDa, vaDodarA-390008 M : 9998763744 13 1

Page #15
14

Page #16
anukramaNikA 29 33 38 40 s prakAzakIya : pro.DaoN.jitendra bI. zAha Amukha : pro.madhusUdana DhAMkI prAkathana : ravi hajaranIsa 1. zikArI raMgotsava zailacitronA pariprekSyamAM 2. AdyaaitihAsikakAlIna gujarAta 3. visoda...eka purAtattvIya vasAhata 4. zAmaLAjInI dvibAhu gaNezapratimA samayAMkana ane vicAraNA 5. ToTunI virala gaNeza-pratimA 6. navA zodhAyelA ane ochA jANItA zAmaLAjInA zilpo 7. durgAmahiSAsuramardinI-delA eka aprakAzita pratimA 8. be devI zilpa mastako 9. kAyAvarohaNanI dikpAla agnipratimA 10. zarUAtanA khristakAlathI normanakAla sudhInuM yuropiyana carca-sthApatya 11. moDherAnA mahAgUrjara zailInA zilpakhaMDo 12. kalezvarI smAraka samUha 13. madhya ane anumadhyakAlIna gujarAtanAM bhIMtacitro 14. gujarAtanA devAlayonI vyAla AkRtio i.sa. 1300 sudhI 15. vRSabha-naMdI, sAhitya ane kalAmAM gujarAtanA pariprekSyamAM) 16. navalakhA maMdira-ghumalI 17. aMbAsaNanI lakSmInArAyaNa pratimA 18. mevaDanI viSNupratimA 19. nagarA-khaMbhAtanI brahmadeva pratimAM 20. taMtra, yoginIpujA ane gujarAta 21. rUpA mahetAnI chatrIno lekha 22. dadhipuranagara(dAhoda)nI salekha niSidhikA citrasUci citro (1 thI 22) 46 48 52 58 71 89 82 84 102 104 107 109 111

Page #17
16

Page #18
1. zikArI raMgotsava zailacitronA pariprekSyamAM gujarAta rAjaya saMgIta nATaka ekeDamI, gAMdhInagara ane thiyeTara enDa miDIyA senTara, amadAvAdanA saMyukta upakrame, amadAvAdamAM tArIkha 3 ane 4 phebruArI, 2011 daramyAna dhoLAvIrAnA prAcIna raMgabhUminA avazeSo viSaye eka seminAra saMpanna thaI gayo. A lekhake samApana dine zikArI raMgotsava-zailacitronA pariprekSyamAM viSaye dazyazrAvya vyAkhyAna ApeluM hatuM.' purAvastu saMzodhana AdhAre seminAra prAraMbhe ke tapUrva raMgabhUminA pramANo, pAMca hajAra varSo parvatanA ApI zakAyAM hatAM. A pramANe eTale tAmrAzmakAlIna siMdhusabhyatAnA eka pramukhanagara dhoLAvIrAnA ukhananathI prApta pradarzanabhUminA avazeSo A zaherI vasAhatamAMthI 283mI x 4547mI.no bhUkhaMDa ane sAtheno bIjo nAno bhUmikhaMDa jeno eka upayoga raMgabhUmi ke thiyeTara tarIke thato hovAnuM puravAra thayuM che." potAnA vyAkhyAna aMtargata ukta samayakAlathI AgaLa jaI lekhake prathama vakhata raMgabhUminA tANAMvANAM prAgaitihAsikayuga sAthe joDI ApyA che. ane nRtya, nATya, saMgIta saMbhavataH maMtronA Aroha-avaroha, nagna nara-nArI dehacitraNa ane moharA sAtheno sUtradhAra-bhUvo ke jAdugara vagere tamAma pAtro tatkAlanI raMgabhUmine ujAgara karatAM hatAM. AthI tamAma citrIta prAkRtika guhasthaLonI pAraMpArika zikArI sabhyatAnI raMgabhUminA mULastrota tarIke zodha ane khojano samaya have thaI cukyo che. A e kAlanI vAta che, jyAre mAnava prAraMbhakAlamAM hato. lakhavA-vAMcavAnI kalAthI anabhijJa evo e nirakSaratAla hato. janamAnavo TUkaDIomAM atratatra sarvatra pharI rahyAM hatAM. araNyavAsI asthAyI zikArI ToLakIo kaMdamULa ane prANIjanya khorAka arthe vicaratI rahetI tyAre prANIo enAM jIvanamAM kendrasthAne hatAM. (juo citra-1) tyAre raMgabhUmi prathama grIsa ke bhAratamAM ? evAM koI vitaMDAvAda na hotAM. dharmanuM koI cokkasa svarUpa adyApi aMkIta thayeluM nahotuM. vasudhaiva kuTuMm | vizva e ja enuM ghara hatuM. anekAneka saMgharSa, rajhaLapATa ane pratikuLa viTaMbaNAo vacce paNa mAnave mAtra potAnuM astitva na TakAvI rAkhyuM, paNa krame krame e pragati sAdhato ukrAntinI sImAo sudhI pahoMcI gayo."e daramyAna e kalA sAthe susaMgata rahI potAnI jIvanInA eMdhANa mUkato rahyo. Aje to azmaojAro

Page #19
prAcIna atirikta purAvazeSo, kalAnA namUnAo ane guphAcitro vagere abhyAsa arthe purAvastuno ubaMro oLaMgIne kalAnA itihAsakSetre praveza pAmI cUkyAM che." bhAratIya guhAcitro spenanA allAmIrA, phrAnsanA lecchoza ke AphrIkAnA buzamena citrothI vadhu prAcIna, samakAlIna, ke vizALakAya nA hoya to paNa e AdijIvanInuM pratibiMba che. enA pAraMpArika, dhArmika ane rojabarojanA rItarIvAjonuM atyaMta gatimaya kathanInuM khaLakhaLa vahetuM jharaNuM che. vizALa girIkaMdarAo madhyenI AzrayasthAnarUpa guhAo, AsapAsanI gADha araNyanI jhADI-vanaspati, zastro ane sauthI agatyanuM eTale tatkAlanuM pazujagata vagere A prAgaitihAsika kalAkAra ne kharabacaDA pASANanA kenavAse utAravA preraNArUpa hatAM. zarUAtamAM citro doravA vanaspati rasa, mATI ane carabIno upayoga thayo hato. samaya jatAM kudaratI khanIjamAMthI kaLIcUnAmAMthI meLavAyelo lAla, bhUro, kALo, zveta ane pILAraMgano vaparAza thayo hato. khaDakacitromAM raMga je te samayakAlanI zailI para nirbhara che. khanIjane pAvaDara raMga banAvI pANImAM jarUra mujaba bheLavI devAto ane kuchaDA jevI pIMchIthI temaja jarUra paDe aMgUThA samIpanI AMgaLIthI citra Alekhana thatuM. vAkaNakare zailIo AdhAre zailacitrone vibhAjIta karyA che. te tamAma vivaraNa asthAne che. paratu TuMkamAM e aMtargata trIjI zailImAM mAnava citraNa che. je pazu AkheTa, nRtya ke anya saMgharSa ke yuddha dazyomAM batAvyo che. je aMtargata paMcamaDhImAM sapheda kaLIcUnAmAMthI ane Aja sthaLe vaparAyela kALo ane jAMbalI raMga megnezIyama oNksAIDamAMthI banAvAyA che. bhImabeThakAnI citra vithikAomAno lAla, pILo, nAraMgI ke bhUkharo raMga lohayukta gaThThAmAMthI nirmANa thayelo che. 10 gujarAtanA tarasaMgamAMthI jayAM citrone AlekhavAmAM AvatA e jagyAe guhAzrayanI goLa-khADA jevI pRSThabhAganI sapATI para raMgabundonA kaNa prApta thayA che. lAlaraMganA zeSa bundo ane citrano geruraMga eka ja hovAnuM siddha thayeluM che. je tatkAlIna madhyAMtarakAlIna raMga udyoganA pramANa Ape che. sauthI prAcIna bhAratIya guphAcitro prAgaitihAsIkayuganA madhyAMtarakAlanA che. jeno samayakAla i.sa.pUrva 5,000 thI I.sa.pUrva 2,000 AMkavAmAM Avelo che. A pAraMpArika citra nirmANa pravRtti pachIthI navAzmakAlamAM, tAmrAmakAlamAM, aitihAsikakAlamAM, madhyayuge ke AdhunikakAle paNa cAlu rahI hatI. guphAcitronA badhA viSayomAM ziramora to enAM nAca-gAna dRzyo kahI zakAya je thatAM haze tyAre koIka prakAranI AdAnapradAna mATenI bolI astitvamAM hovI joIe ane niHsaMdeha vAdya-saMgIta ane maMtrabolInA sathavAre jozIlA bhayAvaha ApeTanRtyo thatAM hovA joIe. sRSTi racanA sAthe saMgItano ugama che.12 gAyana-vAdana sAtheno nRtyano samAhAra eTale saMgIta. saMgIta ratnAkaranI paribhASA anusAra jIta vAdya tathA nRtyaM yaM saMgItapurAte " arthAt jemAM gIta, vAdya ane nRtya samanvita hoya e saMgIta.3 ApaNA AkheTanRtyo AjanI A paribhASA mujaba yathArtha Thare che. saMgItakalAno hetu nAdabrahmanI ArAdhanA che. nAdathI, brahmane anaMtane prApta karavAno ane prApti pachI vyakta karavAno Azaya che. RgvadanuM zruti sAhitya maukhika paraMparAmAM che. 15

Page #20
zikArI raMgotsava saMgItanI saMkSipta vigato bAda, TUMkamAM raMgabhUmi ke thiyeTaranI vigato joIe. aMgrejI zabda thiyeTara zAbdika arthe nATakazALA, nATyagRha, raMgabhUmi, vyAkhyAnakhaMDa ke zastrakriyA thAya. vaLI dhI (The) pratyaya lagADatAM yuddha ke saMgharSanI jagyA artha paNa thAya che. A rIte citrIta guhAzrayo pAsenA sthaLo prAkRtIka muktakAzI zikArI sabhyatAnA raMgotsava sthaLone sauthI prAcIna raMgabhUmi sthaLo gaNavAmAM harakata nathI. madhyAMtarayuganA bhAratIya zailacitromAM pazucitraNa vAstaviktAnI samIpa AkarSaka rIte thayuM che. A paikI uttara bhAratamAM bAyasana, gajarAja, bArasIMgA, geMDo, kALiyAra-haraNa vagerenuM bAhyarekhAMkanathI ane eksa re bhAtathI thayuM che.16 jaLamAM krIDA karato pADo, hAthI ane bAyasananA samakAlIna DroMIga dakSiNanA zailAzraya citromAM paNa maLyAM che. A tamAmamAM noMdhanIya adUbhUta pracaMDakada dharAvatAM matsya, kurma ane varAha che. A parathI samajAya che ke vaidikakAlanA matsya, karma ane varAha avatAranA mULa to madhyAMtarayugamAM paDelAM che.18 te samaye pazuAlekhana Abehuba vAstavikatA najadIka hoya, to paNa mAnava nAnAkadamAM, e atyaMta takalAdIpaNe prANIne bhAlo mArato dekhAya che. AvA bhaMgUra puruSAkAra sAme nArI nirUpaNa ekadama spaSTa sthira dehAkRtImAM kareluM che. 21 zarUAtamAM to mAnavane lAkaDI jevA AkAre batAvelo che. (juo citra-3) koI cokkasa samayakAle pazu ane strI deho bhArekhama dehavALAM batAvavAnI cAla zarU thaI ane tyArathI ja dehAkRtIone alaMkRta karavAnuM zarU thayuM. ane samaya jatAM strI zarIre bhAta (design) doravAnuM pracalIta thayuM. A tamAma madhyAMtarayuganI lAkSaNikatA kahI zakAze. paNa A kAlanA pazucitraNanI jema mAnava AkRtio kyAreya eksa re zailImAM batAvI nathI. eno matalaba ke corasa nArIdehe mathenA koI aMga-upAMgo batAvelA nathI. A tamAma citraNa mAnavajIvanI kahI jAya che. zarUAtamAM strI-puruSa nagna che. pachIthI e alaMkRta karavAnuM zarU thayuM ane nRtyane anurUpa poSAka, cheka kuSANakAlathI jovA maLe che.23 nRtya saMdarbhe uttara osTreliyAnA mimizelacitrono ullekha jarUrI che. mAnyatA anusAra AdivAsIo A citromAM pUrvajonI chabIne nihALe che. je emanI mAnyatA mujaba pUrvajapUjA, AtmA upAsanA ke bhUta ArAdhanA hoI zake. 24 A bAbate bhAratIya zailacitronA saMdarbhe vAkaNakaranA mata anusAra pUrvajo AtmA ke bhUta mAnyatA mujaba zikAra mATenA pazu saMskAravidhio pAraMpArika rahetI ane temAM bhUvo (wizard) sarvocca doravaNI ApanAra raheto. (juo citra-4) samUha AkheTa nRtyomAM pracaMDakadanA pazu maLe che. je pUjanavidhi mATe ke zikArano bhaya ocho karatA hoya tema lAge che. ekala dokala mAnavanI bhaya Ubho karatI mAnasikatA dUra karI joma preratI zikArI pArTInI koI TrenIMga kempa ujavaNI paNa kahI zakAya. bhayAvaha maMtragAna-saMgIta sAthenA jozIlA nRtyo saMdarbhe atyAranA AdivAsI DAMgInAcano ullekha jarUrI che. 24 jemAM yuvA-yuvatIo ane anya nRtyakAro gAya che "amane tAla-rA, ane jozamAM jhumavA-nAcavA do, ane thAkI nA jaIe mATe sAthe

Page #21
prAcIna mahuDo pIvA do."27 je parathI A lekhakane lAge che ke tatkAlIna zikArI sabhyatAnA tamAma jozIlA nRtyo cokkasa paNe madirA sevana ke nazAnI hAlatamAM thatAM hovA joIe. jethI thAka nA lAge. bhAratIya guphAcitromAM sauthI vadhu pramANamAM ane vAraMvAra citarelA nAca dazyo uttarIya karNATakanA gaMgAvarI hospeTa kSetre jovA maLyAM che. je sthaLa mahattvanuM hovAnA pramANa Ape che. simalA TekarI bhopAla, sIMganapura, modI ane bhImabeThakAnA tamAma samayakAlamAM nRtyacitronA Alekhana che. paraMtu badhAmAM paMcamaDhInA AkheTa nRtyanuM navAsamakAlIna citra agatyanuM che. kAraNa ahIM prathamavAra madhyAMtarakAla pachInA ane navAsamakAlanA pheraphAravALA mAnavaAkAro dRSTigocara thAya che. 28 agAunA lAkaDI - Stick like mAnavanA praziSTazailIvALA AkAro ke sthira strI dehAkRtio ne badale have trikoNAkAra ke traNakhUNiyAvALA manuSyaAkAro dekhA de che. to tyArabAdanA tAmrAzmayugIna zailAzrayacitromAM strInuM citraNa bhAgye ja jovA maLe che. (juo citra-1) aMtamAM pAkistAnanA uttara-pazcima sImA prAntanA gaMDava sthaLe citrIta ekacitra bahu carcita che. vidvAno ane strI apaharaNanuM dRzya gaNe che. (juo citra-7) je aMtargata yugala hoI, yuvatIe ghAgharo ane zire trAsI lAMbI TopI jevI asAdhAraNa poSAkamAM batAvI che. to puruSe paNa jhabhbho? ane mahilA jevI ja TopI ke Topa dhAraNa karelo che. vizeSamAM puruSanI be bhUjAo paikI DAbokara strInI kaTi para che. to jamaNo hasta koNIthI vALI urdhva tarapha samatolana arthe lIdho che. matalaba ke A nRtya anurUpa paristhiti che. jyAre yuvatInA beya hAtha paNa nRtyatAla anurUpa dekhAya che. je spaSTa rIte tatkAlInanuM koI yugala nRtyano prakAra hoI, e i.sa. pU. prathama zatAbdInA samayanuM manAya che. 29 samApanamAM AkheTanRtyomAM ke bhUvAnAcamAM madhyAMtarakAle (Mesolithic Age) dekhAtA zastronI vAta karIe to tatkAlanA dhatUSyabANa bhAlo ane kuhADI spaSTa rIte judA tarI Ave che. tIra-kamAnamAM tIranAM zarAM ke Toca nIce tarapha Upside down citrIta hoya che. (juo citra-4 ane 6) A prakAra navAgyakAla ane pachI jovA maLato nathI. tAmrAmakAlIna ane aitihAsikakALanA citromAM zailIbheda muzkela hoya to paNa ghaNA bauddha pratIko citromAM suspaSTa che. samagra zailacitra paraMparAno itihAsa jotAM samajAya che ke prabhAvazIla paraMparA mukhya pravAha che ane samaye samaye anya sAMskRtika ghaTako e pravAhe samanvita thatAM rahe sAmyatA ane visaMgavAditA sAthe ane prAgaitihAsakathI mADI paraMparA cheka sudhI pratibiMbita thayelI jovA maLe che. jenA anusaMdhAna to, cheka AjanA AdivAsI nAcamAM paNa dekhAya che. je parathI lAge che ke prAgaitihAsika nRtyakalAkAro ane nATyakalAkAro e AjanA Adima saMskRtionA pUrvajo hoI zake che. aMtamAM A jozIlA nAcagAna saMzodhana, sarvekSaNa ane utpanana atyaMta Avazyaka che. tema chatAM kahI zakAya ke agninI parikammArUpe thatA nAca koI dhArmika saMskAra vidhi batAve che ane e jAtinI janamaMDaLIo ke je te sthaLe asthAyI vicaratI ToLakIo dvArA thatAM hoya. vAghomAM pAvo ke lAkaDA naLI jevuM phUMkaNIyuM (pies) ane zRMgI-ziMgaDu phUMkatA hoya. (juo citra-5) A atirikta guphA ke zailAzraya

Page #22
zikArI raMgotsava sapATI para nRtyasamaye moTA anukULa pASANanA TukaDA ke azmiojArathI ThokIne vAraMvAra Drama jevo dhvani-AvAja kADhatA hoya je sapATI paranA dhasArAnA cihnothI spaSTa thAya che.30 gujarAtamAM paNa nAcagAna paraMparA zailacitromAM jovA maLI che. (juo citra-2 ane 3) pAdaTIpa : 1. je ukta beya saMsthAnA saujanyathI lekharUpe prastuta che. 2. dhoLAvIrA zAbdika arthe dhoLA=zveta ane vIrA-kUvo thAya che. gAma kaccha jillAnA bhacAu tAlukA aMtargata aphATa raNavistAranA khaDIrabeTa madhye AveluM che. gAmathI 2 kI.mI. dUra pazcime sthAnike koTaDA tarIke oLakhAto TIMbo uttara-dakSiNa 600mI. x pUrvapazcima 77 mI.no gherAvo dharAvatI harappana vasAhata che. 3. prAgitihAsa (Prehistory) AghaitihAsa (protohistory) ane itihAsa (History)nI vistRta samaja artha juo : ravi hajaranIsa, purAvastu ane kalA, amadAvAda, 2009, pR.15 thI 38 4. eka abhiprAya anusAra zailacitro lipinA pUrvarUpa gaNI zakAya. juo (saM)zekha ane paMcAla, lalitakalAdarzana, graMtha-2, dazyakaLA aMtargata gulAma mahommada zekha likhita prakaraNa-bhAratIya paraMparA, pR.35. 5. ravi hajaranIsa, op.cit pR. 6. uparyukta, pR. 9. V. S. Wakankar and Robert R.R. Brooks, Stone Age Painting in India, Bombay, 1976, page 4-5 8. uparyukta 9. Wakankar, op.cit, p.4-5 10. uparyukta 11. V. H. Sonvane, Rock Paintings at Tarsang, Gujarat Journal of Oriental Institute, Vol. [31, No-3, p.293 12. zobhanA zAha, sthAnAMgasUtramAM varNita saMgItakalAnAM tattva, sambodhi, Vol. XXIX, Puratattva Vol 1, 2007, pR.150. 13. uparyukta 14. uparyukta saMbodhi purAtattva volyuma-1 aMtargata niraMjanA vorAno lekha, dharma ane kalA, pR.138. 15. lipibaddha nA hovAthI vedakAlanA pramANo maLI zake nahIM. tema chatAM sAmaveda to saMgItazAstrano graMtha hovAnuM gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, graMtha-7 marAThAkAla. aMtargata ci.ja.nAyaka, prakaraNa-12, 1981, pR.385-86. 96. V. S. Wakankar, Rock Art of South India, Indian Archaeological Heritage (Eds) C. Margbandhu and at el, p.66 17. Ibid, p.66

Page #23
prAcIna 18. Ibid, p.66 pracaMDa kadanA maccha, kAcabo ane bhUMDanA citro uttarabhAratamAM paNa sAmAnya che. (juo uparyukta, 96. Enwin Neumayer, Rock Art In India, Rock Art in the World (Ed) Michel honblanchet, New delhi, 1992, P.218 20. Ibid 21. Ibid 22. Ibid 23. V. S. Wakankar & Robert R. R. Brooks, Stone Age Painting In India, Bombay, 1976, p.17 28. Ibid, p.88, greehand Drawing of Mini (spirit people) 25. Ibid, p.88 paranuM nIcaluM citra ane pR.89. 28. Rasikbhai commemorations volume, Ed. Patel and Shelat kidold S. Saraswati, performing Arts of Gujarat, First Edition, Ahmedabad, 2005, p.507 27. Ibid 28. Wakankar, Stone Age Paintings In India, 1976, pR.13 29. navIza guptA, bhAratIyanA je paviThTha, saMtata prAtihAsika bhAratIya vidrazanA (Hindi), hindI, 1961, tri-rU, uparokta pustakamAM mahilAno paheraveza ghAgharo jaNAvyo hoya to paNa citra-8 jotAM e saLaMga atyAranA phroka jevA veza che. 30. V. S. Wakankar, Prehistoric Cave Paintings, Marg, Vol. XXVIII. No.4, September 1975, page-29. prastuta zodhalekha mATenA rekhAMkana-DroiMga karI ApavA mATe lekhaka zrImati mAlatI rAjenA tathA ka. devazrI nAcaNenA RNI che. jemAM citra - 2,3,4, ane 6 DaoN. vAkaNakaranA saujanyathI raju karyA che.

Page #24
2. Adya-aitihAsikakAlIna gujarAta je samayakAlathI likhita svarUpanuM lakhANa maLe e samayathI itihAsa (iti+ha+Asa) zabda vaparAya che. ApaNe jANIe chIe ke mAnava atItano zarUAtano samayapaTa nirakSaratAla che. e lAMbo ane vistRta hovAthI ene prAgaitihAsika yuganI saMjJA maLelI che. A pachIno samaya AdyaaitihAsika kAla kahevAya che. e aMtargata siMdhu sabhyatA, e atirikta anya tAmrAzmakAlIna prApha ane samakAlIna temaja anukAlIna saMskRtio, vedakAlIna zrutisAhitya samaya vagereno samAveza thAya che. to isvIsana pUrva chaThThI zatAbdIthI aitihAsika kAlanI zarUAta thAya che.' siMdhusabhyatAnA samayathI ApaNane eTale ke sauthI prAcIna pAMca hajAra varSa pUrvenA likhita namUnAo maLe che. haDappana mudrAo ane mRtpAtro para siMdhulipimAM lakhANa maLe che. A lipi bhAvAtmaka ane citrAtmaka hovAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave che. adyApi parvatanA saMzodhanathI samajAyuM che, ke lipinA 288 cihno che. jemAM prANIo ane ropAonA saMkhyAbaMdha citro che. je sAMketika hovAnuM paNa kahevAya che. prAcIna misara-mizra (hAlanuM ijIpta)nI jema ApaNane koI sahAyarUpa dvibhASI lekha maLelo nathI. AthI haju sudhI to siMdhulipi ukelavAnA koIpaNa dAvA vizvastare mAnya nathI thayAM. matalaba ke adyApi siMdhulipi ukelavAnI asamarthatA ja gaNAya che. A paristhitimAM lekhita pramANo hovA chatAM, A samayagALAne Adya-aitihAsika kAlamAM ja mUkavAmAM Ave che. A kAlanI sImAcihnarUpI zodha eTale dhAtUnI zodha che. AthI A samayakAle agAunA prAgaitihAsikayuganA azma nirmita ojAro sAthe tAmra-kAMsyamAMthI ghaDAyelA hathiyArono vaparAzamAM umero thayo. navIna dhAtuzodhathI A samayakAlane tAmrAzmakAla (chalcolithic Age) paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. RgvadanuM zratisAhitya maukhIka paraMparAmAM che. e lipibaddha nathI. emAM samayakAla paNa sahastrothI mapAya che. eTale ke nizcitakAla nirdeza nathI. A kAraNosara vedakAlIna saMskRti samayane paNa Adya-aitihAsika kAlamAM ja samAviSTa karAya che. ATalI saMkSipta carcA pachI siMdhusaMskRti zodha ane e aMgenA saMzodhana aMge joIe. e to sarvene jJAta che ke AjhAdI pahelAM bhArata akhaMDa hatuM ane svataMtratA maLyA bAda enA bhArata ane pAkistAna svataMtra deza banyAM. tatkAle paMjAba prAntanA monTagomarI jillAmAM haDappA ane

Page #25
prAcIna siMdhaprAntanA bArakhAnA jillAmAM moheMjoDaro jevA vizvavikhyAta nagarasaMskRtivALA siMdhusabhyatAnA sthaLonI zodha thaI cUkI hatI. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa mohaMjogaromAM khananakArya 1922-1927 daramyAna jyona mArzale ane pachI mekee hAtha dhareluM hatuM. to 1920-21 ane 1933-34mAM haDappAmAM mAghosvarUpavase khodakAmakArya kareluM hatuM. banne sthaLo AjhAdI bAda pAkistAnane phALe gayA, e pahelA ukta saMzodhana thaI cukyuM hatuM. ukta utpanano starabaddha nahotAM chatAM enAthI e siddha thaI gayuM ke banne nagarasaMskRtivALA sthaLo prAcIna sumera ane misaranA nagarathI vadhu vizALa tatkAlIna vakhatanA atyaMta Adhunika ane vaividhyasabhara nagara hatAM. purAvidonA mata anusAra moheMjoDaronI janavastI 35,000 thI 40,000 jeTalI hatI. banne vasAhatomAM 90 aMze kApatA dhorImArga, DhAMkelI vyavasthita gaTaronuM Ayojana jemAM aMtare aMtare upara mukelA DhAMkaNA. AjanI jema Adhunika zaheronI gaTara vyavasthA jevA hatAM. anAja mATenA godAma, jAhera snAnAgAra temaja copATakAra nagara racanAvALI A vasAhato bejoDa hatI. mohejoDo ane haDappA vacce 550 kI.mI.nuM aMtara che. tema chatAM eka ja saMskRtino prasAra-vyApa ane aMte hRAsa tamAma bAbatonI vicAraNA have jagata mATe atyaMta Avazyaka jarUrIyAta banI rahI. je mATe khAsa zodhakAryanI AvazyakatA hatI. bhAratIya purAviddoe AthI dezanA simADAmAM prAka, samakAlIna ane anukAlIna siMdhusabhyatAnA sthaLonuM khojaabhiyAna yojanAmAM gujarAtathI zarUAta karI. zodhakAryanI vigato pahelAM agAunA siMdhu sabhyatA aMgenI mAnyatAonA tarka jovA jarUrI che. A nikarSa ke taththAtathyano Aje to svIkAra karavAmAM Avato nathI" jemake : (a) sara morTimara vhIlara mAnatA ke siMdhu saMskRti pazcima eziyAnA sumerathI zaherIkaraNa Urbanizationno vicAra lAvI. AthI zaherIkaraNano vicAra bahArI kalpanA che. (ba) siMdhu sabhyatAnA moheMjoDo ane haDappA-be nagaro AdhIna ke temane kendrasthAne rAkhI Arthika vyavahAro thatAM matalaba ke A be nagaro para arthakAraNa nirbhara hatuM. (ka) eka hajAra varSa paryata siMdhu sabhyatA navA AviSkAra rahita-sthiti prajJatAyukta rahI. (Da) Indrane RgvadamAM puraMdara saMbodhana che. Ano AdhAra ApI vahIlara Aryone siMdhu sabhyatAnA vidhvaMsaka nAza karanAra kahe che. zAbdika arthe puraMdara zahera-killAno vinAza karanAra thAya che. A atirikta mahApura paNa saMbhavataH eka vinAzanuM kAraNa manAtuM. (i) siMdhu sabhyatA isApUrva 2350 thI 1500 sudhIno samayagALo dharAvatI hovAnI mAnyatA. (u) siMdhatyAga pachI, haDappanoe eka sAthe ja kaccha-saurASTra bAju hijarata karI ane sthaLAMtarIta vistAro e kAraNe vistaraNa pAmyA ane emAMthI nAnI nAnI vasAhatono udaya thayo.

Page #26
AdyaaitihAsikakAlIna gujarAta uparokta a thI unA tarka ke dhAraNAo have svIkAravAmAM AvatI nathI. jemake : (a) sabhyatAno artha grAmya saMskRtimAMthI nAgarI-zaherIkaraNa tarapha javAnI prakriyA. A anusaMdhAne pAkistAnanA siMdhamAM koTadIjI, AmarI, sarAhIyakholA ane jalilapura temaja bhAratamAM kAlibaMgana, bAnAvALI ane dhoLAvIrA jevI harappana vasAhatosthaLoethI prAgRhaDappIya saMskRtio paNa maLI che. gujarAtamAM paNa haDappanonA Agamana pUrve kaccha-saurASTramAM prA-haDappIya vasAhatonA pramANo maLyAM che. bhAratIya upakhaMDe joIe to pAkistAnamAM balucistAna aMtargata maheragaDha vasAhate isApUrva 7,0OOnA samayamAM nava-pASANakAlIna prAthamika saMskRtinA loko vasavATa karatAM hatAM. A ja rIte saurASTramAM nagavADA, pAdarI ane prabhAsapATaNa (somanAtha) jevA sthaLo prAgU haDappIya saMskRtinA eMdhANa Ape che. rojhaDI ane lothalamAM haDappIonA nIcalA stare lAla abarakhI vAsaNa vAparanArA lokonuM astitva maujuda hatuM. AthI sAbIta thAya che ke, siMdhu sabhyatA pazcima eziyAthI AvI ke pachI zaherIkaraNa vicAra sumerathI AvyAnI vAta vajuda vagaranI che. matalaba ke e pazcimanI pUrvagrahamukta mAnyatA have svIkArya nathI. (ba) siMdhu sabhyatA pahelAM be nagaronI saMskRti kahevAtI hatI. kAraNa tatkAle mAtra moheMjo daro ane haDappAnI ja zodha thaI hatI. paraMtu samaya jatAM anya nagara-saMskRtinA sthaLo maLI AvyAM hatAM. have siMdhu sabhyatAnA ukta be zahero atirikta lothala, dhoLAvIrA, rAkhIgaDhI, ane ganaverIvAlA jevA anya nagaronI zodha thaI cUkI hatI. vizALa vasAhatIya zodhakhoLathI A saMskRtinA vistRta Arthika phalaka aMge jANamAM AvyuM. jethI Aje ukta be nagaranA Arthika DhAMcA para ja Arthika vyavahAro nirbhara hovAnI vAta asvIkArya banI gaI che. (ka) A ja pramANe siMdhusabhyatA navA AviSkAra rahita ane 1,000 varSa paryata sthitiprajJa rahI hovAnI vAta paNa mAnI zakAya nahIM. kAraNa have to prA-haDappana, paripakva haDappana, uttarakAlIna haDappana ane anuhaDappana sthaLonI zodha AgaLa e mAnyatA TakI zake nahIM. (Da) agAuno tarka hato ke A sabhyatAno nAza mahApurathI ke pachI Aryoe karyo hovAnI vAta paNa have aprastuta che. koIpaNa pramANo ke pUrAvA sivAyano sabhyatAno nATakIya aMta mAnI levo e cUka che. koIpaNa saMskRtino udgama, eno vikAsa, vistaraNa ane aMte hUAsa-vilaya e to satata parivartana pAmatI evI parivartIta prakriyA che ane Ama kudaratI rIte ja siMdhu saMskRti udgama pAmIne vikAsanI Toce pahoMcI jaIne vistaraNa pAmatI gaI ane e rIte e laya tarapha ghasAtI kheMcAtI parivartIta thaI vilIna pAmI.

Page #27
10 prAcInA je prakRti niyama mujabanuM ja hatuM. atItamAM kaMI keTalIya saMskRtio zUnyamAMthI sarjana, vikAsa, vistaraNa ane laya pAmI anne zUnyamAM ja samAI gaI che. ane jyAM sudhI haDappA saMskRtino prazna che. to adyApi ApaNe sarvamAnya rIte ke saMtoSakArakapaNe siMdhulipine ja ukelI zakyAM nathI. to pachI haDappA saMskRtinA aMta ke nAza mATe kyA Arthika, sAmAjika, rAjakIya ke kudaratI paribaLoe bhAga bhajavyo e cokkasapaNe kema kahI zakAya chatAM AgaLa(ka)mAM prastuta vividha tabakkAo enI sAMskRtika gAthA to kahI ja jAya che. (i) mArzala ane DIlare agAu siMdhu sabhyatA izApUrva 2350 thI i.sa. pUrva 1500no gALo gaNyo hato. tAjetaranA Adhunika utpananomAMthI prApta purAvazeSo ane kiraNotsargI paddhatithI meLavela samayAMkana i.sa. pUrve 2000 thI 2500 ane i.sa. pUrva 1900 thI 1800 sabhyatAnA aMtima caraNa tarIke Aje svIkArya gaNAya che. (u) siMdhu sabhyatA sarjako sAmUhika hijarata karI gayA. sthaLAMtara karI gayA ane e rIte kaccha-saurASTramAM emanuM Agamana thayuM. A vAta have satya tarIke grAhya rAkhavAmAM AvatI nathI. kAraNa isvIsana 2500 AsapAsa to mAtra kacchapradeze ja sAIThathI vadhu siMdhu saMskRtinA vasAhatI sthaLo sAMpaDyA che. A paikI cAlIsa jeTalI vasAhato to zarUAtathI uttarakAlIna tabakkAnI gaNAya che ane navIna zodhAyelA kendro uttarakAlIna saMskRti samayanAM che. ukta vivecanAthI e to spaSTa che ke siMdhu saMskRtinA nivAsIo ekatra ke ekasAthe kacchasaurASTramAM Agamana thayAno tarka vajuda vagarano che. kharekhara to haDappano saMjogo pramANe krame krame kaccha saurASTramAM AvyA hoya ane pachIthI anukULatA mujaba aMdara tarapha AgaLa vadhyA hoya. sAMkaLiyAnA mata anusAra to siMdhu saMskRti bAdanA samaye cheka-1947 sudhI pAkistAnanA siMdha-paMjAbathI lokono kaccha-saurASTramAM AvavAno silasilo cAlu hato. Aje paNa pAkistAnathI hindu-zikha alpa pramANamAM hijarata karI bhArata Ave che. haDappanonA Agamanane kAraNe kaccha-saurASTramAM aneka nAnI vasAhato UbhI thayAnI mAnyatA bAbate joIe. A saMskRtinI kaccha-saurASTranI lothala,nAgezvara, dhoLAvIrA, zikArapura ane golADhoLA jevI vasAhato to moheMjoDo ane haDappAnI samakAlIna gaNAya che. A tamAma sthaLoe haDappano krame krame kaccha-saurASTramAM ane saMjogo pramANe aMdara vadhavAmAM zakyataH vastI vadhAro paNa kAraNabhUta hoI zake ane A vistaraNa cheka dakSiNe bhAgAtaLAva sudhI thayuM. je dakSiNanI sarahada ke haDappana chAvaNI gaNAya che. have svAbhAvika prazna thAya ke haDappano lAgIne AvelAM gaMgA-yamunAnA medAna jevA vistAro

Page #28
11 AdhaaitihAsikakAlIna gujarAta choDIne cheka makarANanI nIce dakSiNe kaccha-saurASTramAM i.sa.pUrva trIjI sahastrAbdImAM prathama kema AvyA. A pasaMdagInuM kAraNa zuM? e to ApaNane jJAta che, ke gaMgA-yamunAnA medAna pradezomAM haDappanonA vasavATanA pramANo pAchaLanA samayanA che. ApaNe jANIe chIe ke haDappano khUba sAhasika ane sAgarakheDuo hatAM. dUrapUrvanA vahepAra arthe kAcAmAlano puravaTho e emanI prAthamika jarUrIyAta hatI. tatkAle siMdhukhINa vistAra ane madhyapUrvamAM adhakiMmatI paththaronI mAMga khUba hatI. A atirikta dariyAI zaMkhalA rUnI pedAzo ane dhanadhAnya mATe khetI utpAdana vagere agatyanA hatA. A mATe sAhajika ane svAbhAvika rIte phaLadrupa evo nadIono pradeza AkarSaNarUpa hato. anyathA prAkRtika paribaLo paNa emane lAvavAmAM kAraNarUpa hoI zake. siMdhusabhyatAnI kacchasaurASTranI zarUAtanI vasAhato sAgarakAMThe ke najadIkamAM hovA aMge koI zaka nathI. je A anumAnane puSTi Ape che. siMdhu sabhyatA vizvanI sauthI prAcIna sabhyatAo paikInI eka che. jenA adyApi paryaMtanA saMzodhano nIce mujabanuM citra Ape che. siMdhu sabhyatAno phelAvo pUrva-pazcima 1600 kI.mI.no hato. eno uttara dakSiNa vyApa 1100 kI.mI.no hato. suktAjanaDora baMdara emanuM pazcima bAjunuM chAvaNIrUpa hatuM. je siMdhanA dariyAItaTe AvelAM makarANathI uttare 50 kI.mI. dUra irAnanI sarahade AveluM che. to yamunAnI prazAkhA hinDonakAMThAnuM AlamagIra pUrvIya kendra hatuM. simalAnI pahADIonI taLeTImAM vaseluM rUpara emanI uttarIya sImA hatI. jyAre haDappana sAmrAjyanI dakSiNa chevADe Avela gujarAtanA bharUca jillAnA kimataTa paranuM bhAgAtaLAva e dakSiNabAjunI sImA hatI. atyAra sudhInA zodhakAryathI e jANI zakAyuM che ke siMdhusabhyatA be bhAge phelAyelI hatI. 1. bRhad siMdha-paMjAbano siMdhukhINa vistAra ane 2.siMdhughATI bahAranA pradezomAM thayeluM haDappana saMskRtinuM vistaraNa. siMdhu sabhyatA zodhakAryanI saMkSipta rUparekhAH sadgata pI. pI. paMDyA gujarAta rAjaya purAtattvakhAtAnA prathama niyAmaka hatAM. emanAM kAryakAla daramyAna Adya-aitihAsikakAlanA sthaLonI zodhakhoLano silasilo saurASTrathI zaru karAyo. je gujarAtamAM yojanAbaddha sarvekSaNano prAraMbha hato. rAjaya purAtattvakhAtAe A pachI ma.sa.vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarAnA navA zarU karAyelA prAcIna itihAsa ane purAvastu vibhAganA saMyukta saujanyathI amarA, lAkhAbAvaLa ane prabhAsapATaNa (somanAtha) jevA sthaLoe utpanano hAtha dharyA. A pahelAM gujarAtanI pahelI haDappIya vasAhata raMgapuranI zodha thaI cUkI hatI. sadara sthaLa pUrva lIMmaDI saMsthAna ane AjanA surendranagara jillAmAM Avela che. ahIM 1934-35mAM bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNakhAtA dvArA e pachI muMbaI vizvavidyAlaya ane 1947mAM Dekkana koleje utpanana kAryo hAtha dharyA hatAM. 1954mAM siMdhu sabhyatAno dakSiNa bAjuno vistAra jovAnA AzayathI anveSaNa hAtha dharAyuM.

Page #29
12 prAcInA jenAM phalasvarUpe raMgapurathI 50 ki.mI. dUra uttara pUrve Avela lothalanI zodha thaI. je amadAvAda jillAnA dhoLakA tAlukAnA saragavAlA gAma hadamAM AveluM che.10 bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNakhAtAnA pazcima vartuLanA DaoN.esa.Ara.rAve amarelI 193ra-pa3, raMgapura 1953-56 ane lothalamAM 1954-63nA varSomAM utpanana hAtha dharelAM. uparokta khananakAryothI raMgapurano samaya I.sa. pUrva 3000 nizcita thayo. sAthe sAthe ahIMthI anuhaDappana saMskRtinI bhALa maLI AvI. sAMkaLiyAnA abhiprAya anusAra siMdhamAM siMdhusabhyatAno hAsa thatAM, puravaTho baMdha thayo, ane pariNAme raMgapuramAM sabhyatAnA zaherIkaraNanuM vakhata thatAM grAmya saMskRtikaraNa thayuM haze. lothala ukhananathI e 5,000 varSa purANuM ApaNuM baMdara hovAnA pramANo maLyAM. lothalanA loko tatkAla mesopoTemiyA (hAlanuM irAnI sAthe sAgaramArge vahepAra karatAM. siMdhusabhyatAnA vAhakonuM lothalamAM Agamana zakyataH kAcAmAlanA puravaThA arthe thayuM hatuM ane i.sa. pUrve 2,OOOmAM siMdhu sabhyatAnA lokoe lothalamAM vasavATa karyo. esa.Ara. rAvanA kahevA mujaba lothala e moheMjoDaronuM laghusvarUpa hatuM. ahIMnA dhorImArga ene kApatAM nAnA rastAo, rastAnI beya bAjue raheNAMka makAno, snAnagRho, vagere moheMjoDaro sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya che. nagara pUrve iMTerI godI ane vahANa laMgAravAno dhakko enA baMdara hovAnI sAkSI Ape che. 4,000 varSa pUrve purane lIdhe lothalano nAza thayo. e pachI vasAhata pharI UbhI to thaI, paNa have godI vagere jovA maLatAM nathI. pheravasAvaTavALA lothalano aMta i.sa.pUrva 1600mAM thayo. to pharIne ekavAra isvIsananI zarUAtanI zatAbdImAM mAnava vasavATanA eMdhANa che. TUMkamAM lothala kille baMdha hatuM. A durganI pUrvamAM dhakko, dakSiNa vakhata to uttara-pazcima bAjue raheNAMkanA temaja jAhera makAno hatAM. be ke traNa makAno vacce snAnagRha ane khALakuMDInI racanA rahetI.11 1954 thI 1960 sudhImAM dvibhASI pUrva muMbaI rAjyanA purAtattvakhAtAe siMdhu sabhyatAnA 50 jeTalAM sthaLo zodhI ApyA hatAM. bhAdarane kAMThe madhya saurASTranA zrInAthagaDha pAse goMDala tAlukAmAM rojhaDI nAme Arthika rIte samRddha evI vasAhata che. ahIM 1957-58, 1959nA varSomAM rAjya purAtattvakhAtAnA pI.pI.paMDyA ane madhusUdana DhAMkInI rAhabarI heThaLa khodakAma thayuM. e bAda pharIne mAhitI meLavavA khAtAe philADelphIyAnI pensilaveniyA yunivarsiTI sAthe saMyukta 1980thI utpananakArya hAtha dharyuM. 1955 thI 1959mAM thayelI anveSaNAnA paripAkarUpe dakSiNe navInALa, samAgoga ane uttare desalapara jevI paripakva siMdhu sabhyatAnI vasAhato prakAzamAM AvI hatI. to ethI viparIta dakSiNe Tokiyo ane uttara kasara A saMskRtinA uttarakAlIna kendro hatAM. 1964 ane 1968nA varSomAM kacchanuM vistRta sarvekSaNa hAtha dharavAmAM AvyuM. bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa vibhAganA zrIjagatapati jozI e tatkAle A sabhyatAnA aneka sthaLo zodhI ApyA, je aMtargata vizvavikhyAta dhoLAvIrAno paNa samAveza thato hato. 12- jo zIe surakoTaDAmAM paripakva

Page #30
AdyaaitihAsikakAlIna gujarAta 13 temaja uttarakAlIna tabakkAnA pramANo sahita killebaMdhI ane sadara sthaLa lazkarI thANuM hovAnuM siddha karI ApeluM. dhoLAvIrAmAM 1990 thI 1997 sudhI ravIndrasiMha bista utpanana hAtha dhareluM hatuM. jenAthI aneka navIna vastuo prakAzamAM AvI.14 kacchanA uttare desalapara, prabumaTha ane surakoTaDA kacchanI prAcIna uttarIya sAmudrika sImA darzAve che. tatkAle kacchanuM moTuM raNa chIcharo dariyo hovAno mata AgaLa jaNAvI gayA chIe. jo ene satya gaNIe to jamInamArga karatAM sAgarapathe siMdhudhArakono praveza vadhu sahelo anukULa jaNAya che. ApaNane e to jJAta che ke makarANa (pAkistAna) nIce sIdhA ja kacchano akhAta che. je pAra karI pahoMcavuM siMdhusabhyatAnA vahepArIvAhako mATe navAInI vAta nahotI. vaLI haDappano to sAhasika dariyAkheDuo hatAM, e emanA dUra pUrvanA vahepArathI siddha thayeluM che. A mArga atirikta sidhAja arabI sAgara dvArA saurASTranA baMdarothI khaMbhAtanA akhAta sudhIno jaLamArga paNa upalabdha hato ja. akhAta najadIka Avela lothala e to mahattvanI baMdarIya vasAhata hovAnuM siddha thaI cukyuM che. je lothalano vahANa laMgAravAno dhakko paNa A yAtAyAtane puSTi Ape che. lothalanI mudrAo paikInI keTalIka mudrAo ane IrAnanA akhAtanI mudrAonuM sAmya siMdhudhArakonA saMparka ane vahepAra vyApa batAve che. tema chatAM, siMdhane lAgIne kacchanuM raNa, kaccha, saurASTra ane taLagujarAtanI bhUmi vagerenI bhaugolika paristhiti jotAM jamInamArge haDappana pravezano saMbhava paNa kADhI nAMkhavA jevo nathI. AthI siMdhusabhyatA nivAsIono jaLamArga praveza ke bhUmipathathI AgamananA taththAtathyamAM na paDatAM beya raste emaNe krame krame anukULa saMjogo mujaba upayoga karyo hoya ema mAnavuM vadhu yogya jaNAya che. dhoLAvIrA prAgU haDappIya saMskRtinA pUrAvAo paNa maLelAM hovAthI vaLI e vizvanI cothI ke pAMcamI kramamAM AvatI moTI haDappana zaherI vasAhata gaNAya che. AthI ahIM emanuM Agamana thayuM hoya. pabumaTha ane dakSiNe surakoTaDA ane zikArapurapano vasavATa ane pachI kacchanuM nAnuraNa jovA maLe che. to kutAsI" (saurASTra)nuM dariyAImArganuM dhIkatuM baMdara hovAnA pramANo paNa maLyA che. to bIjI tarapha madhyasaurASTranI bhAdarakAMThAnI rojhaDI (zrInAthagaDha) vasAhata Arthika rIte khUba sadhdhara hovAnA pramANo prApta thayelAM che. A atirikta jenAM bAremAsa pANI maLI rahe, e bhAdaranA kAMThe-madhyasaurASTramAM taraghaDA, vegaDI ane raMgapura AvelAM che. to dakSiNe lothala mahattvanuM baMdara ane dakSiNe ja vegaDI ane raMgapura AvelAM che. Ama dakSiNe lothala mahattvanuM baMdara ane dakSiNa chevADe kimakinAre sImAnta chAvaNI bhagAtaLAva, narmadAghATImAM mahegAma ane tApInadI taTe mAlavaNa vagere haDappA saMskRtinA arabIsAgara pAsenA kendro hatAM. uparokta carcA bAda uttaragujarAtanuM citra joIe. ahIM vaDodarAnI mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTInA prAcIna itihAsa ane purAvastuvidyA vibhAga dvArA 1986 ane tyArabAda 100thI vadhu siMdhusabhyatAnA vasAhata sthaLo zodhAyA. tamAma sthaLo rUpeNa, sarasvatI ane banAsakAMThe ke tenI najadIke AvelA che. je hAlanA surendranagara, mahesANA ane banAsakAMThA jillA aMtargata samAviSTa che. A paikInI 36 jeTalI vasAhato jhumakhAmAM rUpeNa taTe, kacchanA nAnA raNanI kore ane AgaLa lakhela be

Page #31
14 prAcIna jillAnA pazcima bhAgamAM AvelI che. je haDappA saMskRtinA vividha sAMskRtika tabakkAnI che. rUpeNa kacchanA nAnAraNamAM samAI jAya che. kacchanI tamAma paripakva tabakkAnI vasAhato sAgarakAMThe ke najadIkamAM sImAnta AvelI che. A badhA sthaLono vikAsa niHsaMzaya kAcAmAlanA puravaThA ane vyApAra para nirbhara hato. nAgezvara, lothala, kuMtAsI ane zikArapuranA utpanano A vAtanI puSTi Ape che. zaherI kendro AsapAsa ke AjubAjunA vistAro kAcAmAlanA puravaThA mATe hatAM. dUranA aMtare Avela zorTamAIe lepisalAjhulI mATe, bAbarakoTa sAmudrika zaMkhalA arthe to mAnDA imAratI lAkaDAM ke kASTa arthe saMparkathI joDAyelAM hatAM. adyApi parvatanI zodha aMge saMkSiptamAM kahIe to zarUmAM muMbaI yunivarsiTI, tatkAlanA dvibhASI muMbaI rAjyanA purAtattvakhAtA tathA keTalAMka vyaktigata prayatnothI purAvastukIya tamAma kAryo thayAM hatAM. pachIthI haDappA saMskRtinA anveSaNo-utpanano gujarAta rAjya purAtattvakhAtu, bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa khAtu, vaDodarAnI ma.sa.vizvavidyAlayano prAcIna itihAsa ane purAvastuvidyA vibhAga, Dekkana koleja, pUNe dvArA ja thayelAM che. tema chatAM agAunA svAtaMtrottara kAla pahelAMnA vaDodarA rAjyanA purAvastuvibhAga, bhAvanagara saMsthAna ke saurASTra sarakAranA purAtattvakhAtAe ullekhanIya kAryo karelAM yunivarsiTI sAthe, temaja pUNenI Dekkana koleja sAthe saMyukta upakrame keTalAMka utpanano hAtha dharelAM che. je tamAmanI yAdI sthaLa saMkoce ApI nathI. gujarAtanA purAtattvamAM simAcihnarUpa eTale sAmudrika purAtatva ke jalAntapurAtattva-under water ArchaeologynA maMDANa. govAnI The National Institute of OceanographynA esa. Ara. rAve beTadvArakA najadIka haDappA saMskRtithI laI romana saMskRti sudhInA samayakAla i.sa. pUrva 1500 thI 1700 ane isvIsananA bIjA zataka sudhInA purAvazeSo zodhI ApyA. A atirikta i.sa. 1500nA samayano pASANano koTanA bhagnAvazeSo paNa mahattvanI upalabdhI hatI.18 uparokta noMdhapAtra kAya jotAM saheje kahI zakAya ke muMbaI yunivarsiTI ane ema. esa. yunivarsiTI opha baroDA, vaDodarAne bAda karatAM gujarAtanI tamAma yunivarsiTIo ane bhAratIya vidyA aMgenI saMzodhana saMsthAoe Adya aitihAsikakAlanI anveSaNA-utpanano ja nahIM, paNa prAcIna virAsata-vArasA mATenI purAvastuvidyA (Archaeology) viSaya aMge udAsInatA ja sevI che. pAdaTIpa : 1. prAgaitihAsa, AghaaitihAsa ane aitihAsika yuganI saMpUrNa samaja vAstu juo: ravi hajaranIsa, purAvastu ane kalA, amadAvAda, 2009, pR. 15 thI 38 prAgaitihAsIkakAlIna vagaDAnA mAnavacitrIta guphAcitro eka mata anusAra lipinA pUrvarUpa kahI zakAze. juo : (sa) zekha ane paMcAla, lalitakalAdarzana, jJAna gaMgotrI sIrIjha-graMtha-2 dezyakaLA aMtargata gulAma mahommada zekha likhita prakaraNa-bhAratIya paraMparA, pR.3

Page #32
AdyaaitihAsikakAlIna gujarAta 15 2. siMdhu sabhyatA, siMdhukhINanI sabhyatA ke haDappA saMskRti jevA vividha nAmAbhidhAna, sabhyatA ane saMskRtinA artha ke pachI gregarI pozelanA mizra saMskRtirUpa soraTha-haDappana, siMdha haDappana vagere zabdaprayogo tamAmanI carcA agAu thaI cUkI che. AthI vistArabhaye tathA punarAvartana na thAya mATe ahIM karI nathI. chatAM vAcakone A jarUrI saMdarbho jovA bhalAmaNa che. juo : G. L. Possehl, The Harappan Civilization in Gujarat : The Sarath and Sindhi Harappans, The Eastern Anthropologist (I-II), 1992, pp.117-54. uparokta pozelanA nAmAbhidhAne yogya che ? ke nahIM ? e to samagra haDappIya vasAhatonA Recent Perspective, journal of the U. P. State Archaeology Department Pragdhara, No.9, 1998-99, page-5-6 ane juo : gurAsAMI-graMtha-1 itihAsanI pUrva bhUmikA, aMtargata dinakara mahetAno lekha-puravaNI-1 AghaaitihAsika saMskRtio, pR.491 3. siMdhusaMskRtinI pahelI bhALa haDappAthI thaI, AthI e haDappA saMskRti paNa kahevAya che. 4. siMdhibhASAmAM muMejoDaro eTale marelAno Tekaro artha thAya che. okTo-nave-Dise, 2000, pR. 1 thI 3. prastutalekhano A graMthamAM agAunI ane hAlanI svIkArya mAnyatAo aMge mukhatve AdhAra lIdho che. juo : ejana 6. prAgu haDappIya zAbdIka arthe siMdhusabhyatA pahelAMnI sthAnika saMskRti thAya, matalaba ke anyAzmakAlIna pASANasaMskRtinuM ke pachI tAmrAmakAlIna koI anya grAmya saMskRtinuM anusaMdhAna paripakva haDappana eTale siMdhusabhyatAno paripakva tabakko. A samaye samRddhi vikAsa ane vahepAra-vANijya vagere caramasImAe hatAM. dUrapUrvanA dariyAI saMparko hatAM. nagara racanA surekha hatI. je aMtargata raheNAMka makAno ane anya sArvajanika makAno baMdhAyelA hatAM, A atirikta 90'nA dhorImArga ane anya rastAo upalabdha hatAM. pANI nikAlanI gaTara vyavasthA ane anya suvidhAo enA Arthika DhAMcAnA, unnatinA sUcaka hatAM. to uttarakAlIna tabakko e siMdhusabhyatAnI paDatI batAvato hato. arthataMtra have paDI bhAgyuM hatuM. paripakvakAlanAM keTalAMka vAsaNonA prakAra have jovA maLatAM nathI. khAsa karIne citrIta baraNIo, phUladAnI ane zarAba ke zarabata mATe vaparAtI surekha pyAlIono have abhAva vartAya che. have navIna makAnonI jagyAe jUnA kATamALamAMthI bAMdhelA ghara dRSTigocara thAya che, to haDappana mudrAo paNa jovA maLatI nathI. A tamAma vigato arthataMtra bhAgI paDyAnuM ke Arthika DhAMco tUTI paDyAnuM sUcavI jAya che. 7. V. H. Sonwane, Archaeology of Gujarat : A General Review, pathika, varSa-41, aMka.1-2 3, okTo-nave-Dise. 2000, pR.152. 8. s. R. Rao, Excavations at Rangpur and other Explorations in Gujarat-Ancient India No 18-19, pp.177-189 6. Ibid 10. amadAvAda DisTrikTa gejheTIyara varSa-1879mAM saragavAlA baMdara hovAnuM temaja ahIMthI vRttAkAra kANAMvALA laMgharo maLyAnuM jaNAvela che. 414c-4 ziysi laudl ble gal: S. R. Rao, Lothal and The Indus Civilization, Bombay 1973. Also by the Same author. Lothal : A Harappan Port town (1952-62) Vol.II, Year 1979 and 1985 11.

Page #33
16 prAcIna 12. tatkAlanI ukhananakAronI TImamAM jANItAM purAvido sadUgata DaoN.gregarI pozela (amerikA) ane emanI TukaDI tathA rAjya purAtattvakhAtAnA purAviddomAM A graMtha lekhaka ane zrI vAya. ema. citalavAlA, zrI dinakara mahetA temaja sadUgata zrI dhArasiha bAroTa vagere hatAM. 12. kacchanA uttara dizAmAM Avela moTAraNanA khaDIraTApunA uttara-pazcime dhoLAvIrA gAma AveluM che. enA ekAda ki.mI. dUra koTaDA nAmanI haDappana vasAhatanuM A sthaLa che. comAsAmAM pANI bharAI jatA e beTa banI jAya che. Aje e raNa hoya to paNa eka mata anusAra A raNapradeza bhUbhAga pahelAM dariyAtaLe cAra mITara hato. jo A svIkArIe to dhoLAvIrA siMdhusabhyatAnuM dhIkatuM baMdara hovAnuM mAnavuM paDe. ukhananathI jANavA maLyuM che, ke nagara traNa bhAge vaheMcAyeluM - (1) rAjamahelagaDhI vistAra (2) madhya ke upaluM nagara ane (3) nIcaluM nagara tamAmanI vistRta vigato ApavI sthaLasaMkoce zakya nathI. TUMkamAM haDappIya nagararacanA, durgonI racanA, killebaMdhI, kalAkArIgarI, kotaraNIyukta khaMbhAvazeSo, jaLasaMgraha ane pANI nikAla Ayojana temaja e mATe khaDakamAMthI kaMDArela sthApatya-e vizvanuM sauthI prAcIna zaila-utkIrNa sthApatya kahI zakAze. A atirikta duniyAnuM sauthI prAcIna sAInaborDa ahIMthI maLyuM che. je 10 akSarovALu-akSaro 37 se.mI. laMbAI 4 25 thI 27 se.mI. pahoLAIvALA, adyApi parvatanA prApta thayelAM akSaro karatA sauthI moTI sAIjhanA che. kamanasIbe siMdhulipi haju vAMcI-ukelI zakAI nathI. AthI sAInaborDanA lakhANanI vigato to haju vaNaukelAI ja raheze. dhoLAvIrAnI vistRta vigato mATe juo : R. S. Bisht, Dholavira Excavations : 1990-94 in Facets of Indian Civilization : Recent Perspective (Ed. J. P. Joshi, New Delhi, 1997 93. J. P. Joshi, Surkotada : A chronological Assessment, Purattattva No.7 pp.34-38, New Delhi, 1974 del 241: by the same author, Explorations in Kutch and Excavation at Surkotada and New light on Harappan Migration, Journal of Oriental Institute, Baroda Vol-22, No.2, pp.98-144, Vadodara-1972 14. R. S. Bisht, uparyukta 15. ema. DI. varmA, zikArapura-utpanana : vihaMgAvalokana, pathika, varSa-40, aM.1-2-3, okTo-navo-Dise, 1919, pR.10 thI 15. 16. gujarAta rAjya purAtattvakhAtA dvArA kutAsI utpanana, pathika-uparyukta-pR.9 17. vAya. ema. citalavAlA, rojhaDI utpanana : eka samIkSA, pathika-uparyukta aMka. pR. 6 thI 8 tathA juo Possehl and Raval, Harappen Civilization and Rojdi, New Delhim 1989. 18. The National Institute of Oceanography, Goa And Government of Gujarat Gandhinagar nA saMyukta upakrame saurASTranA jAmanagara mukAme tA.12 thI 14 okTobara 1987mAM First Indian Conference on Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries beThaka yojAI gaI. jemAM rASTriya saMsthAnanA sAmudrika viSayanA tajjJo, bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa khAtAnA purAvido, A lekhaka temaja rAjaya purAtattva khAtAnA anya adhikArIoe bhAga lIdho hato. bhAga lenAra sabhAsadone kAryakrama daramyAna dvArakA beTadvArakA laI javAmAM AvyA hatAM ane ahIM cAlatA jalAnta purAtattvanA dvArakA utpanana aMge DaoN.esa.Ara.rAve vizada samaja ApI hatI.

Page #34
3. visoda...eka purAtattvIya vasAhata mAMDa AThaso-hajAranI mukhatve koLI janasaMkhyA dharAvatuM vinoda gAma aMtariyALe AveluM paNa atItano bhavyavAraso dharabIne beThuM che. gAmano sthAnika TiMbo agatyanI purAtattvIya vasAhata che. gujarAtamAM sauthI moTI manAtI narmadAnA DAbA kAMThe vaseluM gAma prAcIna bharukaccha-bharUca jillAnA hAMsoTha tAlukAmAM AveluM che. pUrvenA bhavya grAme Aje to svAthyasevA, annanI kariyANA dUkAno ane zAkabhAjI vagereno paNa sadaMtara abhAva che. svAtaMtryanA ATalA varSo bAda paNa koI suvidhA nathI. gAmanI pUrva dizAe sauthI najadIkanuM katapora gAma 6 ki.mI. dUra che. rAjyanI basa parivahana sevA dvArA, hAMsoTha-kaTiyAjALa mArga para katapora sudhI jaI zakAya. kataporathI khAnagI jIpa sevA visoda parvata maLI zake. virodanA grAma loko matsyodyoga sAthe saMkaLAyelAM che. AsapAsa majUrIkAme paNa teo jatAM hoya che. acchA taravaiyA ane sAhasika TaMDela ane nAvika tarIke A sAgarakheDuo vikhyAta che. purANo ane itihAsamAM narmadAnuM AgavuM sthAna che. enuM bIju nAma revAjI che. e madhyapradezanA amarakaMTaka pAse viSNu parvatanI hAramALAnA maiikAlanA DuMgaromAMthI nikaLe che. purANomAM kahyuM che. tribhissArasvataM toyaM sa saptarAtreNa yAmunaM / / sadyaH punAti gAMgeyaM darzanAdeva nArmadam // manuSya 3 divasa sarasvatI 7 dina yamunA ane bAdamAM gaMgAsnAna karIne pAvitrya meLave che. paratu narmadAnA darzana mAtrathI, snAna vagara e puNyazALI bane che. AthI phalIta thAya che ke ukta traNe nadIomAM narmadA vadhu pavitra che. A kAraNeja enI parikramA karavAmAM Ave che. vaLI e mAlavA ane gujarAtane jaLamArge sAMkaLe che. narmadAnA jamaNAM kAMThAnuM prAcIna bharukaccha (hAlanuM bharUca) baMdara, khaMbhAtanA akhAtathI mAtra 25 ki.mI. dUrI para AveluM che. saurASTranI haDappana vasAhato ane tatkAlIna siMdhu saMskRtinI kanevAla jevI vasAhata nadImukha pradezamAM ke dariyA najadIkathI maLelI hatI. khAsa karIne kanevAla khaMbhAtanA akhAta pAse che. A tamAma bAbatone lakSamAM letAM lAgatuM hatuM ke haDapana samayanI keTalIka vasAhato narmadAnA mukha pAse, enA taTiya vistAramAM ke sAgaranA sAnnidhyamAM hovI joIe.

Page #35
prAcIna ukta mAnyatA-tarka (hypothesis)nA AdhAre graMthalekhakanI doravaNI heThaLa, rAjaya purAtattvakhAtAnI dakSiNa-vartuLa, suratanA purAviddonI TIma (hAla dakSiNa-vartuLanuM astitva rahyuM nathI.) dvArA dakSiNa gujarAtanI narmadA ane kIma nadIonA khINapradezanuM sarvekSaNa hAtha dharAyuM hatuM. bhAgatarAva, mahegAma ane hAsanapura jevI uttara haDappIya (Late Harappan) vasAhatonA ukhanana agAu thaI cUkyAM hatAM. je AdhAre ahIMnA pradeza vistAranI purAtattvIya sthaLatapAsa khAtAkIya buhad kAryakrama heThaLa ja thaI hatI. 1. ghUMTelA lAla vAsaNo (Burnished Red Ware) 2. ghUMTelA kALA vAsaNo (Burnished Black Ware) 3. lAla astaravALA vAsaNo (Red Slipped ware) 4. raMgIna opavALA vAsaNo (Glazed ware) raMgIna opavALA vAsaNo pILA, bhUrA ane lIlA raMganA che. jayAre purAvazeSomAM zaMkhanI baMgaDIo - chank bangles ane paMcamArka sikko paNa maLI Avyo hato ane AthI ja lAgatuM hatuM ke sAvAlavALI vasAhata A pahelAMnA samayanI hovA aMgenI pUrepUrI zakyatA che. A zakyatAnA tarka AdhAre niSkarSa arthe prAyogika dhoraNe scrapping-khanana hAtha dharAyuM. hAlamAM to vimodanA purAtattvIya TiMbA para koI ja mAnava vasAhata nathI. apavAdarUpe sthAnIya koLIonI pAraMpArika khoDIyAramAnuM Adhunika nAnuM maMdira bAMdheluM che. hAlanA viroda gAmanA pUrvapazcime 1.5 ki.mI.dUra A TiMbo (mound) Avelo che. purAtattvIya TiMbAnuM varNana: TiMbAnuM mApa 200 mI. X 150 mI.nuM che. TiMbo pazcimathI pUrva tarapha sAdhAraNa DhaLato che. jamIna taLathI UMcAmAM UMcI jagAnuM mApa 6 mI. thI 8 mI.nuM che. jayAre DhALane kAraNe pUrva taraphanI ochAmAM ochI TocamaryAdA 4 mI.nI che. TiMbAnA dakSiNa-pazcime nAnakaDuM jaLAzaya AveluM che. revAjInA bharatInA satata vaheNane lIdhe TekarAnA pUrvabhAgamAM bhejavALI jamIna (marshy Land) banelI che. to TiMbAnA uttara bAjuthI vahetI narmadA AgaLa tarapha pazcima bAjue jAya che. A tarapha AgaLa 8 ki.mI. dUra kaMTiyAjALa gAma pAse narmadAno sAgara saMgama jovA maLe che. agAunA sarvekSaNamAM prApta thayelAM mRdubhASko jevAM ja mRtpAtro prAthamika kAryamAM paNa saMprApta thayAM. A atirikta vizeSa kahI zakAya evAM cInadezanA lAkSaNika mIMgavaMzanA manAtA ThIMkaro paNa maLyAM. Light bottle green raMganA A mRtpAtrone purAtattvIya paribhASAmAM aMgrejImAM crackled ware kahevAmAM Ave che. jeno adyApi koI gujarAtI paryAya nathI. sarvaprathama gujarAtamAM kekalDavera

Page #36
visoda...eka purAtattvIya vasAhata 19 cAMpAnera ukhananamAMthI prApta thayAM hatAM. samayAMkananI dRSTie e 1pamI zatAbdInA uttarArdhanA ke 16mAM zatakanAM prAraMbhanA gaNAya che. TiMbAno madhyastha ane pazcima bAjuno bhUbhAga khAnagI mAlIkIno che. khananakArya pUrvathI zarU karAyuM. jyAM sauthI UMco Tocano bhAga 5 mI. X 10 mI.no hoI, e pUrva tarapha jAya che. A kAraNe ahIM 4 mI.no UMDo kApa mUkavAmAM Avyo. 24422241 : (Stratigraphy) stara 1 : jamIna pRSThabhAge prathama-stara-1 che. e upara agrabhAge 4 thI 5 se.mI.nuM vanaspatiphUga ke mATInuM AcchAdana AvaraNa che. AkhAye stara-1nuM mApa 34 se.mI.thI 10 se.mI. thavA jAya che. jyAre tharanI racanA nadI vaheNathI ghasAyela nAnI nAnI ThIMkarI enA TukaDA + DhIlI kaththaI raMganI maToDIthI thayelI che. stara 2 : uparanA tharanI jemaja stara-ra paNa kaththaI mATInuM ja baneluM che. tema chatAM e agAu karatAM vadhu ghaTTa-kahI zakAya. mRtpAtro paNa agAu jevAM ja maLelAM che. agatyanuM eTale banne tharo vacce 85 se.mI. lAMbo X 20 se.mI. pahoLo aspaSTa gADha (patch) rUpe mATIno paTTo che. je saMbhavataH gArA-kAdavamAMthI nirmita bhIMtanA bacelAM zeSa avazeSa hovAnI saMbhAvanA dekhAya che. khanana sekzanamAM traNa kAMNA paDelAM spaSTa jaNAyA che. jene utnanana paribhASAmAM insect holes tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. je nAnA jIvajaMtuonI pravRttinA sUcaka che. ahIM prathama 10 se.mI.nuM vRttAkAra, dvitIya tharanI taLIe AveluM trikoNAkAra ke traNakoNavALuM, aMtIma tRtIya trAsuM ane laMbagoLAkAra che. A uparAMta stara-(2) jenA para AvRtta che. tyAM khADo (pit) khodakAmamAM jovA maLyo che. A khADo stara(3)ne sIdho ja cheda Ape che. khADAnuM mApa UM 23 se.mI. x pahoLAI 23 se.mI.nuM che. staranI racanA mRtpAtronA TukaDA ane DhIlI mATI batAve che. : tharano jADAIvALo bhAga 41 se.mI. ane pAtaLo bhAga 19 se.mI.no che. thara ghaTTa - compact che ane emAM alpamAtrAmAM kolasAnA bhaLelA zeSa avazeSa paNa spaSTa thAya che. vaLI adyApi parvatanA koIpaNa thara karatAM vadhu mRtpAtro paNa jaDI AvyA che. Ama moTA mRdubhAskonA TukaDA kolasAnA avazeSa ane rAkha vagere tamAma niHsaMdeha mAnava pravRtti ane vasavATanA sUcaka che.

Page #37
20 prAcIna stara-4 : A thara kudaratI moTI ane kAMpanuM baneluM che. jemAM uttaranA 2/3 bhAgamAM pILI maToDI ane kaMkara jovA maLe che ane dakSiNanA 1/3 bhAge kALI cIkaNI mATI che. atirikta uttariya aDadhAbhAgamAM 18 se.mI. X 1 mI.no lAMbo paTo ane madhye iMTanA TukaDAno jaDAyelo zeSa avazeSa jovA maLe che. thara-4 bharatInA pANInA levalathI nIce sudhI jAya che. vaLI e kudaratI mATI (Natural Soil)nuM thara che. AthI ja have vadhu khananakAryanI jarUra rahetI na hovAthI e baMdha karavAmAM AvyuM. arthaghaTana ane niSkarSa ema lAge che ke A sthaLe vasAhatIo zarUAtanA aitihAsikakAle (Early Historic Period)mAM AvyAM hatAM. ahIM ja vasavATanuM AkarSaNa zuM? sthaLa pasaMdagInuM kAraNa zuM? jenA pratyuttaro joIe. prathama to A aMge parisara (Environment) ja yogya kAraNa hovuM joIe. A uparAnta narmadA jevI moTI saritA AkarSaNa hoya. kAraNa nadI sAnnidhyane lIdhe dakSiNe uttama kahI zakAya evI phaLadrupa khetI mATenI jamIna maLI. aphATa sAgara jevI nadIthI matsyodyogano vikAsa saMbhavIta hato. vaLI vahepArI nAvIko mATe dariyAnuM kheDANa dariyApAranA dezo arthe saMparka-vyApAranuM Adarzakendra hatuM. je nIcenI vigatothI spaSTa thAya che. visodathI lAla caLakatAM vAsaNo (R.P.W) maLyAM. je pazcimano romana jagata sAtheno vyApArika saMbaMdha batAve che. to pUrvIya cInadezanA mIMgavaMzanA rAjaya sAthenA vAsaNo tatkAlanA e deza sAthenA bahoLA vyApAranA sUcaka che. ahIM maNako banAvavAno udyoga paNa phUlyophAlyo hato. vasAhatIo pakavelI mATI (Teracotta)nA vAsaNo banAvavAmAM khUba mAhera hatAM. eka ardhaghaDAyela polo, vakrI tUTelo zeSa opavALo che. (Glaze ware) je opavALA vAsaNa udyoga ke kAca banAvaTa (Glass Industry) udyoga hovAnuM sUcave che. eka anya lAkSaNika mRtpAtra namUno paNa rasaprada che. jenI bahAranI bAju suMdara caLakATavALI che ane aMdarathI tapAsatAM atyaMta surekha pota jaNAyuM che. A tamAma vigatothI lAge che ke pakavelI mATInA vAsaNo, opavALA mATInA vAsaNo, maNakA, kAca udyoga ane kalA kArIgarI tamAma visodamAM supare vikaselA hovAnuM ujAgara thAya che. vaLI khodakAmamAMthI tUTelI zaMkhanI baMgaDIonA kakaDA prApta thayAM che. je tatkAlIna dUradUranA dariyApAranA dezo aMtargata AvelA utpAdana kendro sAthenA saMbaMdha ane saMparka to batAve che ja. paNa ApaNA vyApArika ane sAMskRtika vyavahAro sAthe sAthe ujAgara kare che. antamAM be agatyanI vastuono ullekha paNa jarUrI che.

Page #38
31 visoda....eka purAtattvIya vasAhata 1. pakavelI mATIno pAso (Terracotta Dice) ukta jaNAvela pAso prApta thayo che. jenA para atyAranA Adhunika pAsA jevA 1,2,3,4 ane 5,6 gaNatarI mATenA dareka bAjue chIcharA kANAM che. je tatkAlanA visodavAsIo vAra-tahevAre ke anyathA jugaTu ramavAnA zokhIna hovAnA pramANo Ape che. 2. vRSabhAkAra mAdaLiyuM vRSabhAkAra atyaMta jIrNa nUkazAnagrasta mAdaLiyuM maLyuM che. je niHsaMdeha tatkAlanA lokonI dhArmika mAnyatA ane rItarIvAjo para prakAza pheMke che. have vimodanA samayAMkana aMge vicArIe. jemAM sAhityika ane abhilekhika pramANo maLelAM nA hoya, e saMpUrNa rIte purAvastukIya pramANo para AdhAra rAkhavo paDe. ahIMthI prApta lAla caLakatAM vAsaNo (R. P. M.) ane cInanA mIMgavaMzanA Crackled ware mRtpAtro ApaNane sahAyarUpa bane che. je AdhAre kahI zakAya ke ahIMnA prathama vasAhatIo zarUAtanA aitihAsika yugamAM (Early Historical Period) vasyAM hatA ane temaNe madhyayuga paryata izunA 15mAM tathA 16mAM zataka sudhImAM to vyApAra-udyoga dariyApAranA dezonA saMparka ane Arthika vyavahArothI khUba khUba samRddhi meLavI hatI. A pachI eTale ke 16mAM saikA pachI vasAhatIo sthaLa choDIne jatAM rahyAnuM samajAya che. tyArabAdanA navIna pharIthI vasavATanA koI cihno nathI ane sthaLa bheMkAra choDI dIdheluM lAge che. vidyAguru pro.Do. sUryakAnta caudharIno sthaLa paranI carcAvicAraNA arthe lekhaka AbhArI che. temaja visoTa projekTamAM sahAya arthe tatkAlanA sahAyako sarvazrI je.pI. trivedI, dilIpa rAThoDa, ema.pI. cokavAlA, bI. sI. paTela ane je. ema. gosAI vagereno AbhAra mAnuM chuM. sAthe sAthe visodanA grAmajanonA kArya daramyAnano utsAha, sahakAra ane atithi sahakArathI ja kArya saphaLa thayuM che. pAdaTIpa: 1. RPCV, Gandhinagar, 2005, pp 427-28. 2. aMgrejImAMthI gujarAtI karaNanA paryAya banAvatAM atyaMta sAvadhAnI rAkhavAnI jarUra che.

Page #39
4. zAmaLAjInI dvibAhu gaNezapratimA samayAMkana ane vicAraNA gaNezapUjA, utpatti ane vikAsa aMge ApaNe tyAM ghaNuM sAhitya upalabdha che. AthI sthaLasaMkoce punarAvartana karyuM nathI. prastuta zodhalekhano Azaya dudALAdevanA sauthI prAcInatama zilponI saMkSipta samIkSA karI, A pariprekSyamAM zAmaLAjInA dvibAhu gaNezanI vicAraNAno che. izunI bIjI zatAbdInA samayakAlanA amarAvatI stUpanA zilpapaTTamAM gajamastakavALI AkRti jovA maLI che. je sAthe nikaTanuM sAmya dharAvatI eka gaNezAkRti zrIlaMkAnA mihInatalasUpa para paNa aMkita che. vidvAno A gajamukhadevane saMkrAntikAlanuM gaNezanuM rUpa ke ethI paNa vaheluM evuM prAthamika svarUpa mAne che. DaoN. hasamukha sAMkaLiyAnA mata anusAra to guptakAla sudhI gaNezanuM svataMtra astitva ja na hatuM. A mATe sAMprata lekhake rAjasthAnanA maMDorathI prApta zilApaTTano AdhAra lIdho che. je aMtargata maMDora zilApaTTe mAtRkAo sAthe prathama ziva ane bIjA naMbare gaNeza kaDAMrelA che. vadhumAM sAMkaLiyA jaNAve che ke gaNezapUjAno koI purAvo isvIsananA pAMcamAM-chaThThA zataka pUrveno maLato nathI.' ukta abhiprAya sAme jaNAvavAnuM ke izunI prathama sadInA harsiyasanA eka sikkA para gaNezanAma sAthenI gaNeza AkRti kADhelI che. AthI spaSTa thAya che ke tatkAla athavA ethI kaMIka vahelAM samayathI gaNezapUjA astitvamAM hatI. e ja rIte gaNezanAma saha devAkRti eka anya InDo-grIka sikkA para paNa jovA maLI che. jo ke A tamAma pramANothI AgaLano bhArata bahArathI maLelo purAvo isApUrva 1200 thI 10OO isvIsana pUrvano prAcIna lurIsasthAnano che.' lurIsasthAna e hAlanuM pazcima IrAna che. A sthaLathI prApta ukhanIta purAvazeSomAM AgaLa jaNAvI gayA che, e samayAMkanakAlanI eka takatI paNa maLI hatI. je para gajamukha dvibAhudeva AkRta che. jemanAM DAbA hastamAM talavAra ane jamaNAM karamAM nAga dhAraNa karelAM che. tatkAlIna samaye praziyA, saptasiMdhu ane madhyeno madhyavistAra maLIne eka sAMskRtikapaTTa banI cukyo hato. je AgaLa jaNAvI gayA che te mujaba have pazcima irAna tarIke oLakhAya che. AthI kahI zakAze ke A sAMskRtika paTTa pradeza tatkAle vasatAM Arya-hinduprajAmAM gaNezapUjA astitva dharAvatI hatI.19 gujarAtamAM caulukya ke solaMkIkAle gaNezapUjana ArAdhanA khUba vyApaka hatI. 11

Page #40
zAmaLAjInI dvibAhu gaNezapratimA anusolaMkIkAle ane Adhunika samaye paNa gaNezapUjAmAM koI oTa nathI. 12 gANapatya saMpradAyano uddabhava pAchalA samayano hoya to paNa gaNezabhakti khUba vahelA kALathI jovA maLe che. sAtamA-AThamAM saikA pachI to maMdironI dvArAzAkhAonA lalATabiMdue gaNezajI acUka dekhA de che. bhagavAna tathAgate AnaMdane nirvANakAle gaNapatirudayastotrano upadeza Apyo hato. i.sa.nA 1000 varSa pachI to jainadharmamAM paNa gaNezapUjAno mahimA zarU thaI cukyo hato. je Aja paryata cAlu rahyo che. 14 koIpaNa bhAratIya pradeze gaNezamUrtio judA judA samayakAlanI jovA maLe che. vakhata jatAM to gaNezapUjA bhAratIya pradeza puratI sImita na rahI paNa e lokapriyatAe nepAla, barmA(myAnamAra), thAIlenDa, tibeTa, praziyA, aphaghAnistAna ane madhyaeziyA sudhI vyApaka banI rahI eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa gaNeza have samudrapAranA dezo jAvA, bAlI, bornao ane jApAnamAM praveza pAmI cUkyAM hatAM.16 gujarAta puratuM vicArIe to saurASTranA jAmanagara jillAnA jhINAMvADI gopa gAme hAla puratu to jJAta devAlayomAM gopa sauthI prAcIna che. maMdira zikhara candrazAlA aMkanabArIe sthita ardhaparyakAsanastha gaNeza pratimAne gujarAtamAM sauthI prAcIna gaNavAno eka mata hato. gopa devAlayane DhAMkI chaThThA zatakanuM to Ara. ena. mahetA cothI zatAbdInAM aMtabhAganuM gaNe che. anya vidvAnonA mata vistArabhaye ApyA nathI. paNa tamAmano sAra e che ke vidvAno maMdiranA samaya bAbate ekamata nathI. paNa sarvasAdhAraNarIte ene pAMcamI sadInuM gaNI zakAya. jo A tarka barAbara hoya to gopamaMdira gaNeza paNa pAMcamAM saikA pahelAMnA nathI. hAtha dhareluM hatuM. purAvazeSomAM be nAnI pakavelI mATInI gaNezanI khaMDita AkRtio samayAMkane bIjItrIjI zatAbdInI maLI hatI. jo kAravaNanA purAvAone AdhAra gaNIe, to gaNezapUjA bIjA-trIjA zatakathI matalaba ke kSatrapakAlathI astitvamAM hovAnuM kahI zakAya. parantu eesaAIno utnanana hevAla adyApi pragaTa thayelo nathI ane A lekhakane paNa A be namUnAo jovA maLelAM nathI. AthI A aMge hAla kazuM kahevuM vaheluM gaNAze. vaLI nAnakaDI mATInI kRtio kadApi upAsyapUjA mUrtio hoI nA zake. A ja prakAranI eka khaMDita gaNezAkRti gujarAta rAjya purAtattvakhAtAne sarvekSaNa daramyAna prApta thaI hatI. je hAla khAtAnA saMgrahamAM rakSita che. je izunA pAMcamA zataka pahelAMnI nathI.17, uparokta sthitimAM bhArata bahAranI aphaghAnIstAnanI gaNezapratimAno vicAra thaI zake. 18 sAkaradhAra-kAbUlanI A mUrti DaoN. dhavalakaranA mate cothA saikAnI hoI tamAma jJAta zilpomAM sauthI prAcIna gaNezapratimA gaNI zakAya.19 mathurAnA lAlaveLukA pASANanA nagna gaNeza guptakAlanA prAraMbhanA che. te zarUAtanI guptakalAno eka atIva suMdara namUno bhIMtaragAvano che. 21 zilpapaTTa nAnA zizubALanI jema lADu mATe laDatA caturbhuja gaNeza ane kumAra emAM kaDAMryA che. 22 bhamarAthI prApta gaNeza pAMcamA-chaThThA saikAnA gaNAya che. jemAM dhyAnAkarSaka bAbata eTale gaNeze ghaMTamAlA yajJopavItanI jema dhAraNa karelI che.

Page #41
24 prAcIna zAmaLAjI gaNeza aMge vicArIe te pahelAM sArAMzarUpe zAmaLAjI zilpa samUhanI vigato joIe. tatkAlIna iDara saMsthAnanA zAmaLAjI-TIMToI AsapAsanA vistAromAMthI agAu kSatrapa, gupta ane anuguptakAlIna pArevA paththaranI pratimAo prApta thaI hatI. je hiMmatanagara myujhiyamamAM surakSita hatI. i.sa.1953mAM nANAMne abhAve A myujhiyama baMdha thatAM, A amUlya zilpasaMgraha baroDA saMgrahAlaya ane citrAlaya, vaDodarA khAte khaseDavAmAM Avyo.23 jyAM Aje e rakSita che. zAmaLAjI, akoTA ane devanI morInA mRNamaya zilpo bhAratIya kalAkSetre AgavuM sthAna to dharAve che paNa AMtararASTrIya kalA-phalake paNa e bhAratanA gauravanvita vArasArUpa gaNAya che. je umAkAnta zAha ane ramaNalAla mahetAnA viziSTa adhyayanane kAraNe zakya banyuM che. A atirikta zAmaLAjInA zilponI zAstrIya carcA goensa, sAMkaLiyA, majamudAra, DhAMkI, sUryakAnta caudharI ane ravi hajaranIse karelI che. AMtararASTrIya kSetre paNa avAranavAra anyo dvArA vivecanA thatI rahe che. 24 jemake sArA lI e kareluM zAmaLAjInA zilpo paranuM kAma. prastuta gaNeza kuSANa-kSatrapa paripATInI paraMparAmAM ghaDAyelAM che. je lalita tribhaMge ubhA svarUpe paripuSTa udara ane sTeja sthaLa paNa AkarSaka dehayaSTivALA lAge che. emanA gajazIrSa maNIbaMdhanuM surekha mastakAbharaNa zobhI rahyuM che. jenA beya taraphanA camarIyukta cheDAo laTakaNIyAnI jema laMbahastIkaNe jhulatA manohara lAge che. be capaLa nayano ane kapole trinetra che. sUMDha DAbI tarapha jaIne kalAtmaka rIte vaccethI vALI urdhva tarapha sarakatI batAvI che. deve anya AbhUSaNomAM kaMkyahAra ane ghaMTIkAmAlA dhAraNa karelAM che temaja nAga upavIta ane devapAde siMhamukhayukta jhAMjhara grahelAM che. 25 (juoH citra-9) sarpa upavItano AgaLano nAgamukha bhAga UMcIpheNathI joto devanA jamaNA skaMdha pAse dekhAya che. devanA beya bAhu koNIthI AgaLa khaMDita che. AthI grahelAM Ayudho aMge jANI zakAya nahIM. DAbI bhujAnA tUTelAM chatAM zeSabhAgathI e DhIMgaNA gaNa jevAM bhAsatAM anucaranA skaMdha ane zIrSabhAga AgaLa AkarSaka rIte Tekavelo haze e samajI zakAya che. A ThIMgaNo sevaka nagna to che. paNa enA zarIrano chAtIthI paripRSTa udarano upalo keTaloka bhAga tUTelo che. A ja rIte eno jamaNo paga ghUMTaNathI khaMDita lAge che. duMdALA devanA khaMDita bAhunA bacelA zeSabhAge suMdara skArpha ane enA beya taraphanA laTakatA jhIjheka-gomUtrika ghATanA cheDAo surekha che. paridhAna karelI TUMkI dhotInA pATalIno cheDo paNa jhUlato gomUtrika ghATano che. dhotIvastra paranI-vallIo (folds) ane gomUtrikaghATanA cheDAo vagere tatkAlanA kSatrapa-guptakAlamAM sAmAnya che. deva mastaka pAchaLanuM goLa bhA-maMDala tatkAlIna ane anukAlIna zilpomAM sAmAnya che. zilpa beThaka (pedestal) para kaMDAreluM spaSTa che. (juo: citra-9) AgaLa joI gayAM e mujaba DaoN. dhavalIkare sAkaradhAra-kAbUla, aphaghAnIstAnanA gaNeza cothA zatakanA hovAnuM jaNAveluM hatuM. parantu sAkaradhAra gaNeza cothA saikAnA zarUAtanA madhyanA ke aMtabhAganA samayAMkananA che ? A bAbata teoe jaNAvI nathI. zAmaLAjInA dvibAhu gaNeza cothI zatAbdInA aMta bhAge mUkI zakAya ane AthI hAla anya purAvAonA abhAve tamAma jJAta gaNeza prAcIna pratimAo paikInI eka gaNavAmAM harakata nathI ane hAla to gujarAtamAM zAmaLAjInA dvibAhu

Page #42
25 zAmaLAjInI dvibAhu gaNezapratimA gaNezane sauthI prAcIna gaNI zakAze. aMtamAM A virala zilpane enI prAcInatAne AdhAre mUlavavAno samaya thaI cukyo che. 9. A. K. coomarswami, Yaksa, Part-I, page 42, plate-l, Also see : James Burgess, The Stupas of Amaravati and Jaggayyapeta, plate-30, No-1 2. Alice Gretty, Ganesa, 1936, page-25, pl.22, Fig-c 3. eca. DI. sAMkaLiyA, purAtattvamAM gujarAta, amadAvAda, pR.56 4. uparyukta 5. ravi hajaranIsa, guzisaevi, amadAvAda, 1999, pR.50. 6. uparyukta, pR.10 7. ke. DI. bAjapAyi, gaNeza pratimA vijJAna, prAcyapratibhA, (hindI) vaoNlyuma-2, naMbara-2, julAI-1974, pR.66-67 8. M. K. Dhavlikar, A note on Two Ganesa statues from Afghanistan, East and West, (N.S.), vol.21, No.3-4, sept-Dec, 1971, p.336. 9. M. K. Dhavlikar, op-cit, page-336 10. Ibid 11. ravi hajaranIsa, zAmaLAjInI dvibhuja gaNeza pratimA, samayAMkana ane vicAraNA, pathika, phebruArI, 1984, pR.22 12. uparyukta 13. hasamukha sAMkaLiyA, op-cit, pR.56 14. ravi hajaranIsa, uparyukta 94. Alice Getty, op.cit, chapters IV-VIII, p.37-92 16. uparyukta 99. Ravi Hajarnis, Indian Express, Dated 29th January, 1986, page-4 96. M. K. Dhavlikar, Ganesa Beyond India's Frontiers India's Contribution world thought and culture, Swami Vivekananda Commemoration Volume, p.1-16 19. Ibid. 20. Alice Getty, op-cit, p.26 Singh Sarva Daman and Singh Sheo Bahadur, The Archaeology of the Lucknow Region, Lucknow, 1972, fig.30. 22. Ibid 23. guzisaevi, pR.7 21.

Page #43
prAcInA tyArabAdanI zAmaLAjInI tatkAlIna samayanA navIna pArevA paththaranA zilponI zodhaprApti gujarAta rAjya purAtattvakhAtAne thaI hatI. jemane A lekhake agAu prasiddha karelAM hatAM. (svAdhyAya, 5.2 1, aM.2, me1981) je A graMthamAM paNa sudhArA-umeraNa saha punaHprasiddhi pAmyA che. vadhumAM jANavA maLyuM che e anusAra tatkAlanA havAlAnA niyAmaka, zrI rAvala jemane saMgrahAlaya khAtAno vadhArAno havAlo paNa ApavAmAM Avyo hato temanA kAryakALa daramyAna A zilpo saMgrahAlayakhAta, vaDodarAne ApavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. hAlanI paristhiti aMge lekhaka anabhijJa che. 24. zAmaLAjInA zilpone sauprathama 1936mAM paMDharInAtha inAmadAre pragaTa karelAM juo : P. A. Inamdar, Some Archaeological finds in Idar States, S.D.A. Idar state. zAmaLAjI (gujarAta)ne samIpe AvelAM AmajharA (rAjasthAna)nA A zailInA samakAlIna zilpo Ara. sI. agravAle prakAzIta karyA hatA. juo : R. C. Agrawal, Some unpublished sculplures from South Western Rajasthan, Lalitkala, No-6, October 1959, page 63-71 25. bhUmarA(madhyapradeza) gaNezano janoIrUpa dhAraNa karelo paTTo nAnAsiMhamukhovALo che. zAmaLAjInI mahiSamardinInA zilpamAM dAnava mahiSe paherelI ghUgharamALa Aja prakAranI che. AthI lAge che ke alaMkaraNomAM siMhamukha rUpAMkano ke naMdInI ghUgharamALa arthe juo guzisaevi pR. 12 tathA juo Ravi Hajarnis, Kirtimukha with special Reference to Gujarat, Jnana-Pravaha Research Journal No.XVI-2012-2013, p.108, Fig.5.

Page #44
5. ToTunI virala gaNeza-pratimA gaNezapUjA aMge ghaNuM sAhitya upalabdha hoI enuM punarAvartana karavuM ucita na lAgatAM mAtra saMkSipta rUparekhA ApI che. izunI bIjI zatAbdInA amarAvatI-tUpanA zilpapaTTamAM gaja-mastakavALI AkRti jovA maLI che. DaoN. sAMkaLiyA maMDora(rAjasthAna)nA zilApaTTamAMnA mAtRkAo sAthenA ziva ane gaNezanI AkRtine AdhAre guptakAla sudhI gaNezanuM svataMtra astitva na hovAnuM, eTale ke pAMcamA chaThThA zataka pahelAMno gaNezapUjAno purAtattvIya purAvo na maLato hovAnuM jaNAve che. sAranAthanI anuguptakAlIna bauddhakalAmAM zilpapaTTa para gaNeza, kArtikeya, navagraha ane anya hiMdu devo sAthe jovA maLe che. varAhamaMdiranI bRhatsaMhitA (isvIsananI chaThThI sadI)mAM gaNezapratimA banAvavAnA ullekha jovA maLe che, je parathI anumAna thaI zake ke gaNezapUjA e pahelAMthI astitvamAM haze. DaoN.e. ke. nArAyaNe jaNAvyA anusAra inDo-jhika sikkA para gaNezanA nAma sAthenI gaNeza-AkRti jovA maLe che. A graMtha lekhake kSatrapakAlanA aMtabhAganI i.sa.nA 4thA zatakanA uttarArdhanI zAmaLAjInI dvibhuja gaNeza-pratimAno enA samayAMkananA yogya pariprekSyamAM mUlavavAnA sUcana sAthe gaNezapUjA izunA cothA saikAnA uttarArdha pahelAMthI pracalita hovAnuM agAu eka lekhamAM pratipAdita kareluM hatuM, je mATe emano (pathika-jAnyu.-phebru. 84, aMka-4, pR.ratha-23 parano) "zAmaLAjInI dvibhuja gaNezapratimA, samayAMkana ane vicAraNA" lekha vAMcavA ThIka paDaze. ahIM, prAcIna graMthanA caturtha lekha tarIke puna:prasiddhi pAmela che. sarvekSaNa daramyAna sAbarakAMThA jillAnA bAyaDa pAsenA ToTu gAmamAM gherA-bhUrA ke lIlAza paDatA bhUrA pArevA paththaramAMthI ghaDAyelI gupta ane anuguptakAlIna pratimAono samUha jovA maLyo che. A samUhamAM viSNu, ardhanArIzvara, mahiSamardinI, naMdi ane saptamAtRkAo, jevI ke brAhmI, mAhezvarI, eNdrI, vaiSNavI, vArAhI, kaumArI, cAmuMDA ane saMrakSaka gaNezanI pratimA che. uparyukta samUha paikI gaNeza-pratimAnuM vivecana prastuta che. mAtRkAo ane gaNeza nRtyabhaMgImAM jovA maLe che. A nRtyagaNeza, mAtRkA-samUhanA ja hovAnuM enI zailI beThaka temaja zIrSa pAchaLanA moTA goLa sAdA prabhAmaMDala parathI lAge che. gaNezanuM zIrSa hastimukha jevuM vAstavika hoI nAnIzI AMkho, lAMbA pahoLA karNapaTala ane jamaNI taraphanI sUMDha batAvI che. sUMDhanA mukhabhAge modaka grahaNa karelo che. caturvasta paikI DAbA upalA hastamAM daMta, jyAre nIcenA vAma karamAM parazu dhAraNa karela che. jamaNA nIcenA

Page #45
28 prAcInA devanA hastamAM modakapAtra hoI upalo bAhu nRtyabhaMgInI gajadaMDamudrAmAM che. alaMkaraNomAM kapole ekAvalI maNibaMdhanuM mastakAbharaNa che, jenA beya bAjunA cheDAne aMte camarInAM suzobhana che. anya AbhUSaNomAM ekAvalI, bAjubaMdha, keyUra, chAtIbaMdha ane nUpura che. udara para nAgano udarabaMdha zobhato hoI eno pucchabhAga AkarSaka rIte sUMDhanI aMdara thaI bahAra jato batAvela che. dUdALA devanA baMne pAda nRtyabhaMgImAM rata batAvyA che. paridhAna karela TUMkI dhotIne skArphavastrathI bAMdhelI che. potAnI pATalIno vacceno cheDo gomUtrika ghATa (Zigaag Pattern) batAve che. A prakAranA vastranA cheDAo, pATalIno prakAra prAcIna paripATI batAvato hoI, gAMdhAra gupta ane anuguptakAlIna zilpomAM jovA maLe che." ToTunA nRtyagaNezane zailI ane alaMkaraNone AdhAre izunA chaThThA saikAnA aMtabhAge ke sAtamAM zatakanA pUrvArdha mUkI zakAze. ToTuno zilpasamUha zailIe zAmaLAjI AmajharA mAtariyA kalyANapura aDAlaja ane vaDanagaranI pratimAo sAthe sAmya dharAve che. ToTunAM badhAM zilpo zAmaLAjInI jema beThaka-besaNI (Pedestal) vALAM hoI e upAsyamUrtio hovAnuM sUcave che. taMtranI asara ToTunI mAtRkAonA asthikuMDalathI samajAya che. pazcima bhAratanI gupta ane anuguptakAlIna zilpasamRddhimAM ToTunA gaNeza ane anya zilpothI agatyano umero thAya che. pAdaTIpa : 1. jemsa barjesa, amarAvatI, paTTa-30nuM 1 vaLI juo e. ke. kumArasvAmI yakSa bhAga-1, pR.42, citra-1 2. hasamukha sAMkaLiyA, purAtattvamAM gujarAta, pR.56 3. elisa geTTI, gaNeza, pR. 27 4. ravi hajaranIsa, zAmaLAjInI dvibhuja gaNezapratimA, samayAMkana ane vicAraNA, pathika - phebru. 84', pR.22 5. ravi hajaranIsa, gujarAtanI zilpa-samRddhi, eka vihaMgAvalokana, amadAvAda, 1999, pariziSTa-2, pR.73. a. pI.e inAmadAra, sama Arkiyolojikala phAIvjha ina dha iDarasTeTa, 1936 ba. yu.pI.zAha, skaccarsa phaoNma zAmaLAjI eNnDa roDA, buleTina oNpha dha baroDA myujhiyama eNnDa pikacara gelarI, vaDodarA, 1960 ka. ravi hajaranIsa, gujarAtanI keTalIka sUryapratimAo, svAdhyAya, pR.21, aMka 2, phebru.84', pR.197 Da. ravi hajaranIsa ane varmA, zAmaLAjInA keTalAMka aprakAzita zilpo, svAdhyAya, pR.18, aMka-3, me.81, pR. 294-96, citra 1-2-3 7. Ara.sI.agravAla, sama anapabligDa skalpacarsa phaoNma sAutha-vesTarna rAjasthAna, lalitakalA, naM.5, okTo 8. vi.eca.sonavaNe, mAtariyAnAM guptakAlIna, mAtRkAzilpo', svAdhyAya, pR.18, aMka-2 (phebru.81), pR.192-197, sonavaNee mAtaMriyAnA zilpone 6 ThThI sadImAM mUkelAM hoI ene guptakAlIna kahyAM che, jene anuguptakAlIna kahevAM yogya gaNAze. 9. pramodakumAra trivedI kalyANapurase prANa pratimAe(hindI), prAgyapratibhA, volyu. 81-82, bhopAla, pR. 165-170) 10. ravi hajaranIsa, vaDanagaranA keTalAMka zilpo, jesIsa, smaraNikA-1983, 5.3, citra-1

Page #46
6. navA zodhAyelA ane ochA jANItA zAmaLAjInA zilpo zAmaLAjI' devanI morI ane amajharAnA pArevA ke lIlAmarakata pASANanA (The dark blue on greenish blue schist stone) kSatrapa, gupta ane anuguptakAlIna zilponI zAstrIya carcA thayelI che. bhUtapUrva iDara saMsthAnanA zAmaLAjI, TIMToI, kuMDhela ane harasola pradezanI zilpa kRtio aMge 1936mAM pI.e. inAmadAre prathama dhyAna doreluM hatuM. ukta zilpa-samuha hiMmatanagaranA saMgrahasthAnamAM hato. i.sa. 1953mAM nANAMne abhAve A saMgrahAlaya baMdha thatAM, A zilpone vaDodarA saMgrahAlayamAM khaseDavAmAM AvyAM, jyAM A zilpa-samUha Aje surakSita che. gujarAta rAjyanuM purAtattvakhAtu anekovidha kAryo sAthe sarvekSaNakArya paNa kare che. A kAraNe navIna zodhakhoLa ane upalabdhI thatI rahe che. vakhatovakhatanI kAryavAhIne lIdhe, zAmaLAjIthI keTalAMka navIna zilpo sAMpaDyA hatAM. pArevA paththaranI A pratimAo purAtattvakhAtAnA saMgrahamAM surakSita che." navIna upalabdhIrUpa zAmaLAjInA zilpo aMtargata takatI paranI sUryakati kArtikeyanI traNa pratimAo (jemAMnI eka ardha ghaDAyelI), yakSa ke bodhisatva ane mahiSamardinI10 vagere che. jemanI vigato ahIM prastuta karI che. 1. sUryaAkRti: takatI (plague) paranI sUrya AkRtimAM deva dvibAhu hoI, samabhaMga batAvyAM che. emanA zire TopAghATano mukuTa ane e maLe alaMkaraNa aMkana che. A zobhAMkana dhasAyela hoI enuM svarUpa spaSTa nathI. TopaghATanA mukuTane bhinnamAlathI prApta kSatrapakAlIna viSNupratimAnA mukuTa sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya che. ahIM prastuta sUryaAkRtinA mukuTa pAchaLa rekhAothI sUryakiraNo batAvyAM che. devanA UbhA oLIne mukuTamAM samAviSTa karelA kezanuM guMphana ane banne skaMdha para DhaLatA batAvela A keza noMdhapAtra che. corasa mukhAraviMda, ughADA netra jenA para DhaLatI pAMpaNa jovA maLatI nathI. Aditye hola bUTa, vanamAlA ane alaMkRta kamarabaMdha dhAraNa karelA che. TUMkI dhotI para utkIrNa rekhAonI bhAta che. kSatrapakaLAnI asara batAvatI A sUryaAkRtivALI takatIne hAla pAMcamI zatAbdInA pUrvAdhamAM kSatrapa-guptayuganA saMkrAtikAlamAM mUkI zakAze.11 2. kArtikeyanI traNa pratimAo : zaivasaMpradAyanA anuyAyIomAM kArtikeyapUjA pracalita hatI. kArtikeya pUjA izunA bIjA

Page #47
30 prAcInA zatakathI jANItI hovAnA pramANo lAlA bhagata kuphphaTa zirAvaTI ane staMbha temaja haviSkanA sikkA para aMkita aMdanI AkRti parathI maLe che. 12 ahIM prastuta 3 ane 1 vaDodarA saMgrahAlayanA saMgrahanI maLIne kula 4 pratimAo zAmaLAjI pradeze skaMdapUjA pracalIta hovAnA pUrAvA Ape che. (a) kArtikeyanI khaMDita mUrti prastuta pratimA zAmaLAjImAMthI prApta thaI hatI. jenuM zira, khabhAthI AgaLanI bhujAo ane ghUMTaNa nIcenA pagano bhAga khaMDita hoI, aprApta che. chatAM tenA kaTayalaMbita vAmakaramAM kulluTa dhAraNa karela bhAga sacavAyelo che. je parathI pratimA skaMdanI hovAnuM sUcavI jAya che. padakavALo kaMThahAra surekha che. doraDA ghATano AmaLA vALelo kamarabaMdha valabhIthI maLela mahiSamardinInA kaTibaMdha sAthe nIkaTanuM sAmya dharAve che. je kSatrapakAle sAmAnya che. jayAre dhotIvastrano gomUtrika taraMge vaheto cheDo tatkAlanA anya zAmaLAjInA zilponA AvA vastronI bhAta sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya che. to samakAlIna devanI morInI buddha mUrtionA vastro paranI vallIo sAthe skaMda vastranI AvI vallIo meLa khAya che. suDoLa zarIra ane vizALa chAtI dharAvatA samabhaMge sthita kArtikeya senApati sarakhA bhAse che. prAcIna kSatrapakalAnAM aMzo sAcavatI A mUrti guptakAlanA pAMcamA zatakanA pUrvArdhanI che. (juo citra 10) (ba) kArtikeyaH rAjaya purAtattvakhAtAnI eka anya atIva suMdara dvibAhu kumAra pratimAM guptakAlanI paripATimAM ghaDAyelI che. kamanasIbe e khUba dhasAro pAmelI che. zAmaLAjInA prAcIna zilponI jema ja zIrSa pAchaLa moTI sAdI vRttAkAra prabhAvalI che. je upalA bhAgathI sTeja tUTelI che. sTeja corasa cahero, kapole ratnamaMDita survaNanI paTTikA, zire alaMkRta mukuTa, kaNe goLa kuMDaLa, kaMThe gupta ekAvalIhAra vagere darzanIya che. mukha paranA prasannabhAva, smita opatAM agharo, cibUkI, vizALa-bharAvadAra chAtI, pAtaLi kaTi vagere dhyAnAkarSaka gaNAya. dvibAhu paikI jamaNAkaramAM zakti ane DAbA kaTayAvalaMbIta haste kuphphaTa dhAraNa karelAM che. dhotIvastrane alaMkRta kammarabaMdhathI bAMdheluM che. to enI pAradarzaka cUstatAmAMthI devane urdhvameTra batAvyA che. zivanI prAcIna pratimAomAM guhyabhAga uttarIya dhotIvastramAMthI darzAvavAmAM Ave che. je mathurA ane AsapAsathI maLelI zivanI prAcyamUrtiomAM jovA maLe che. skaMda e zivaputra hovAthI prastuta pratimAmAM batAvavAmAM AvyuM hoya. deve dhAraNa karelAM skArphanA beya taraphanA cheDAo gomUtrika taraMge batAvyA che. chAtIvastra paranI vallIo (Folds) zAmaLAjInA tatkAlIna zilponI vastronA saLa jevA che. ghUMTaNanA AgaLanA nIcenA bhAgathI devacaraNa khaMDita che. zailInA AdhAre A pratimA pAMcamAM zatakanA aMtabhAganI ke chaThThA saikAnA zarUAtanI jaNAya che. (juo citra 11) (ka) apUrNa ghaDAyela kArtikeya pratimA H agAu carcita (a) ane (ba) pratimAo dvibAhu to zAmaLAjInI pArevA paththaranI zIrSavihIna mUrti caturbhuja che. 15 e ardha ghaDAyelI hovAthI agatyanI che. kemake e zilpa ghaDatara para prakAza pheMke che." deva samabhaMgamAM sthita che. cAra bAhuomAM jamaNo eka hAthe kAMDAthI tUTelo to che. paNa emAM dhAraNa karela zaktino daMDabhAga cheka nIce beThaka sudhI joDelo spaSTa che. Aja pramANe DAbo eka hasta

Page #48
31 navA zodhAyelA ane ochA jANItA zAmaLAjInA zilpo paNa paMjAnA bhAgathI tUTelo che to jamaNo eka kara abhayamudrAmAM che. jyAre vAma kaDhAvalaMbIta hAthamAM kukuTa raheluM che. pUrNapaNe TAMkaNuM ane saMpUrNa kaMDAraNanA thayuM hoya, to paNa guptakalArUpa kaMThe ekAvalI, ekAvalI bAjubaMdha, valaya temaja kamarabaMdha je aMte AmaLA AkAramAM parIName, e mAtra prathama enA capaTArUpe TAMkaNAMthI banAvelo che. je pUrNarUpa pahelAnA prAthamika svarUpe che. A ja pramANe dhotIvastra enI vacceno poTalIno cheDo vagere tamAma mAtra zaruAtanuM ghaDatarakAma che. je AkhAye zilpa paranA TAMkaNAnA ghA spaSTa kare che. jo takSaNa kArya pUrNarUpe thayeluM hota to eka suMdara pratimAnuM nirmANa thaI zakyuM hota mULa lekhake A zilpane pAMcamAM saikAnA prAraMbhamAM mUkeluM che. 17 parantu zilpamAM lAMbA paga ane zailI jotA e pAMcamI zatAbdInA aMtabhAga ke chaThThI sadInI zaruAtanuM gaNavAmAM harakata nathI. yakSa ke bodhisattvaH yakSa ke bodhisattvanuM eka khaMDita chatAM nayanaramya zilpa agAu maLeluM hatuM. Ara. sI. agravAlane amIjharA (rAjasthAna)thI maLela yakSa ke bodhisattvanuM e zilpa guptakAlIna che. ahIM prastuta pratimA spaSTapaNe gAMdhAra asara sUcave che. dvibAhuo paikI jamaNo khabhA nIcenA bhAgathI, to DAbIbhUjA kAMDA AgaLathI tUTelI che. sAdhAraNa corasa mita Apato prasanna cahero, bhavya kapola, vaLa dharAvatAM keza je sAdhAraNa rIte buddhamUrtiomAM dekhA de che. bhramarabhaMgI, moTA nayano, ane e paranI ardhanimilita bhAre pAMpaNo, tUTelI nAsikA, oSTa-adharo, cibUka ane bharelA gAla vagere tatkAlInakalAnA dyotaka che. e tamAma dhasAro pAmelA hoya to paNa mULe e AthI vadhu suMdara dekhAtA haze. vaLa jevA kezane kAraNe kAnanA AbhUSaNa joI zakAtA nathI. alaMkAromAM kaMThe gupta ekAvalI ane bIjo alaMkRta suvarNahAra, evA ja alaMkRta bAhu para bAhubala, upavIta, kaTisUtra vagere dhAraNa karelAM che. dhotI vastrane alaMkRta mekhalAthI bAMdheluM che. chAtI, peTa ityAdi bharAvadAra che. DAbA skaMdha parathI nIcenI tarapha jato skArpha surekha che. skArpha ane dhotI paranI vallIo tatkAlanA zAmaLAjInA zilpo sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya che. sapramANa paNa sTeja sthULa aMga kAThIvALA devanI pratimAnA pAda ghUMTaNa nIcenA bhAgethI khaMDita che. pratimAne pAMcamA zatakanA pUrvArdha mUkI zakAze.18 (juo citra-12) mahiSamardinI mahiSamardinInuM khaMDita paNa kamanIya zilpa maLeluM hatuM. jeno keDa uparano samagra bhAga- tUTelo aprApya che. AthI keDa uparanA bhAga aMge kazu kahI zakAya ema nathI. tema chatAM, prAcIna laDhaNanA stanAgre vaccethI sarakatAM hAranuM goLa moTu padaka ane saMlagna hArabhAga nAbhI-peTa para sacavAyeluM jovA maLe che. te ja pramANe motInI kaTimekhalA vaccenuM bakkala ullekhanIya che. mahiSamastaka para devInI Avega pUrNa rIte paga mUkavAnI bhaMgImAM ane atyaMta jussApUrNa rIte prahAra karela trizULa vagere dhyAnAkarSaka che. trizULano pAMkhiyAno upalo cheDo tUTelo che. vedanAyukta mahiSanuM zIrSa vAstavika che. devIe pAdamAM kaDalA dhAraNa karelA che. atI bArIka vastra ane beya devIcaraNa pAse jhulatA vastranA gomUtrikaghATanA cheDAo vagere tatkAlanA zilponI jema jovA maLe che. mahiSe paherela ghUgharamALanA ghUgharA (Rattles) siMhamukha ke kIrtimukha AkAranA che. jo A zilpa keDa uparanA bhAga sAthe saMpUrNa maLyuM hota to, niHzaMkapaNe gujarAtanA tatkAlIna samayanA suMdara zilpomAM sthAna pAmyuM hota. mahiSamardinInI A pratimAne chaThThI zatAbdImAM mUkI zakAze. 19

Page #49
32 prAcInA pAdaTIpa : 4. U. P. Shah, Scupltures from Shamlaji and Roda, Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Pictures Gallary, Vadodara, 1960 2. R. N. Mehta and S. N. Chowdhary, Excavations at Devnimori, Vadodara, 1966 3. R. C. Agrawala, Some Unpublished Sculptures from South-Western Rajasthan, Lalitkala, No-6, Octo. 1959. 4. ane 5. kaMDholanA sUrya ane gaNeza temaja harasolanI moTI gaNeza pratimA muMbaInA prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyamanA saMgrahamAM che. juo. U. P. Shah, uparyukta, pR.16 F. P. A. Inamdar, Some Archaeological finds in the Idar state, Department of Archaeology, Idar State, 1936. 7. saMgrahAlayone samRddha banAvavAnA zubhAzayathI khAtAnA keTalAMka zilpo tatkAlanA havAlAnA purAtattva niyAmaka (jemane saMgrahAlayakhAtAno havAlo paNa soMpAyelo) zrI rAvale saMgrahAlayakhAtAnA havAle mUkyAM hovAnuM A graMtha lekhakane jANavA maLyuM hatuM. 8. guzisaevi. pR.14. ci.50 9. uparyukta, pR.13, citra-para 10. uparyukta, citra-55 11. guzisaevi, op.cit 12. D. C. Sarkar, coins of India, p.11 13. ravi hajaranIsa ane varmA, zAmaLAjInA keTalAMka aprakAzita zilpo, svAdhyAya, pR.18, aMka-3, me-1981, pR.294, citra-1 A skaMda pratimAM sadUgata zrI mA.de.varmAe kumAranA koI aMkamAM pragaTa karI hovAnuM smaraNamAM che. paNa saMdarbha hAthavago na thatAM, ApI zakyA nathI. 15. hiteza zAha, kArtikeya : eka virala pratimA; pathika, okTo-nave-Disembara, 1999, aMka-1-2-3, pR.54 55, citra-14 16. A lekhake potAnA Bull and Nandi Images of Gujarat, nAmanA abhyAsapUrNa lekhamAM tatkAlanA naMdI zilponI ghaDatara prakriyA para prakAza nAkhyo che. A mATe juo : Ravi Hajarnis, sambodhi, Vol, kAraNasara choDI dIdhI che. jemAM paNa uparokta saMbodhInA zodhalekhamAM sucavela rIta mahattvanI banI rahe che. sAthe sAthe atyAranI salATa ghaDatara rIta paNa dhyAnamAM levI paDe. A atirikta vaDodarA saMgrahAlayanA zAmaLAjInA ardhalakSaNavALA ukta be namUnAone AdhAre sthAnike zilpa ghaDatara mATe work-shop hatI ema kahI zakAze. je tamAma carcA A lekhake emanA have pachI prasiddha thanAra lekhamAM karI che. 17. hiteza zAha, op-cit, pR.55 18. guzisaevi, pR.13, citra-para 19. ravi hajaranIsa ane varmA, svAdhyAya- op-cit, pR.295

Page #50
1981-82nA gujarAtarAjaya purAtattvakhAtAnA uttara vartuLanA kAryakSetramAM mahesANA jillA ane tAlukAnA delA gAme adyAvadhi aprasiddha evI veLukA pASANanI durgAmahiSAsuramardinI pratimAM noMdhAI hatI. devIpratimA sthAnike kaMIka samArakAma thayelI hoya to paNa alaukIka mohaka sauMdarya ane lAvaNya koI siddhahasta kalAkAranI kRtI hovAnuM siddha kare che. mArkaMDeyapurANa anusAra durgA ke mahAlakSmIe daitya mahiSAsurane haNyo. AthI e mahiSAsuramardinI kahevAI. durgA zatanAmastotra 108 nAma Ape che. enA AvAsa vibhya ke vidhyAcala parathI durgA vidhyAvAsInI paNa kahevAI. emanI maLatI judI judI AkhyAyikAo pramANe padmapurANa mujaba mahiSAsurano nAza vaiSNavIthI thayo hato. to vaLI manvatara vaivasvata vidhya parvata para niMdAe daityamahiSAsurano vadha karyo hato. viSNudharmottara emane caMDikA svarUpa, to zilparana, mayadIpikA ane rUpamaMDana jevA pAchaLanA graMtho emane kAtyAyanI saMbodhe che. mahiSAsuranA hanana aMge kAlikApurANa ane vAmanapurANa paNa kiMvadaMtI Ape che. devInA pratimA vidhAna arthe abhilakSitArtha cintAmaNI, agnipurANa, matsyapurANa, vizvakarmAzAstra), rUpAvatAra' ane vAcaspabhidhAna vageremAM vigato prApta thAya che. graMthastha Adezo anusAra devI dasa ke vIsa bAhuvALI banAvavI joIe. je paikI emanA jamaNI bAjunA hastomAM trizUla khaDjha, cakra, bANa ane zakti, temaja vAmAMga bAjunA karomAM DhAla, dhanuSya, pAza, aMkuza, ghaMTA athavA parazu dhAraNa karelAM hovA joIe. nIce jenuM zira vicchinna thayuM e daitya mahiSAsura ane devInuM vAhana siMha batAvavuM joIe. to keTalAMka graMthomAM deva-dAnava yuddha cAlu hoya, ane devI mahiSAsurane haNatA hoya e darzAvavAno Adeza che. vaLI keTalAMka varNanonusAra deva-asura saMgrAmamAM mahiSAsura vadha bAda vijayotsava manAvavAnuM kahyuM che. A badhA graMthomAM AyudhomAM najIvo pheraphAra jovA maLe che. mArkaDeyapurANanI racanA guptakALanI mAnavAmAM Ave che. jo ke prApta pratimAoe pahelAMnI eTale ke isvIsananA zarUAtanA samayathI maLe che. kuSANakALanI zarUAtanI pratimAomAM vAhana siMhano abhAva che.13 jo ke prAcInatama gaNAtI nagara rAjasthAnanI pratimAmAM vAhana siMha suspaSTa che.14 kuSANakALanI zarUAtanI pratimAomAM dAnava mahiSAsura saMpUrNa pazurUpe (Theriopomorphic Form) mAM darzAvAya che. jyAre guptakALe devI prahArathI mahiSanA vicchinna mastakamAMthI bahAra mAnavarUpe

Page #51
34 prAcIna AvirbhAva pAmatA mahiSAsuranuM (Anthropomorphic Form) Alekhana zarU thayuM. je devI mahAbhyamAM varNavelA ardhaniSkAntarUpanuM hovAnuM vAsudeva zaraNa agravAlanuM maMtavya che." guptakALe zarU thayela A ardhaniSThAntarUpa madhyakALa parvata to atyaMta prabhAvI rIte pracalIta thaI gayuM. je adyApi paryata jovA maLe che. jo ke sAthe sAthe agAunuM prANIrUpa (Zoomorphic Form) Alekhana eka mata anusAra dasamA zataka paryata cAlu rahyuM hatuM. jo ke A lekhake enA pramANo cheka caudamI zatAbdI sudhInA joyA che.17 zarUAtanI ane madhyakALanI caturbhuja mahiSAsuramardinInI pratimAomAM devI bahutayA potAnA vAmAMgabAjunA eka bAhuthI pazudaityamukha ke garadana dabocatI batAvAya che. Aja rIte jamaNA eka hAthathI asura jAnavaranA pUra ke pUThabhAgane khUba AvegapUrNa rIte dabAvatI batAvAya che. to jamaNo bIjo hasta garadana ke pAchalA bhAge trizUlathI prahAra kare che. vaLI keTalIka pratimAomAM pazune pucchathI jamaNA eka hAthethI atyaMta gussAthI UMco karI nAMkhe che ane vAmakarathI trizUla prahAra kare che. prApta mUrtionA eka viziSTa prakAra anusAra, daityapazunuM moTuM pratIkAtmaka mastaka batAvavAmAM Ave che. A vicchinna zire devIne samabhaMgamAM ke dvibhaMga UbhA svarUpe bhAvavibhora thayelAM batAvavAmAM Ave che ane emane cAra, che ke ATha bAhuvALA darzAvavAmAM Ave che. pratIkAtmaka zIrSa atirikta prANIdehano anya koI bhAga kaMDAravAmAM Avato nathI. jyAre anya eka rIte mahiSAsurane manuSya zarIra dhaDa para pADAnA mukha sAthe darzAvavAmAM Ave che. ukta be prakAramAM pahelA prakAre vicchinna mahiSAsura mastake vijaya manAvatA UbhA svarUpanuM devInuM pratimA vidhAna coLakaLAmAM jovA maLe che.18 je pallavakaLAmAMthI utarI AvyuM che.19 jo ke gujarAtamAMthI ukta beya prakAra jevI koI ja mUrti meLalI na hovAthI vadhu carcA asthAne che. gujarAtamAM mahiSAsuramardinInI koI pratimA kuSANa-kSatrapakALa pahelAMnI maLI nathI. amarelI pAsenA gohilavADanA TIMbAnA ukhananathI prApta IsvIsananA cothA saikAnI devInI khaMDita pratimA sauthI prAcIna gujarAtanI mahiSAsuramardinI gaNavAmAM harakata nathI.20 cothI zatAbdInA aMtabhAganI ke pAMcamA zatakanA pUrvArdhanI valabhInI lIlA marakata pASANanI to kAravaNathI prApta mahiSAsuramardinInI takatI guptakalAnA namUnArUpa pAMcamI sadInI hAla ma.sa.vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarAnA, purAvastuvibhAgamAM surakSita che. A atirikta juNejara3 (i.sa.no pAMcamo saiko), mAsara (chaThThI sadI)24, pIThAI (sAtamu zataka)25, kAvI pradezanI be pratimAo hAla i.ema.i.skula vaDodarAmAM rakSita hoI 7mAM8mAM saikAnI gaNAya che. A sivAya A lekhake prasiddha karela zAmaLAjInI pArevA paththaranI khaMDita 6ThThI-7mI zatAbdInI pratimA ullekhanIya che.27 gujarAtamAMthI dasa ke vIsa bhujAvALI pratimAo javalleja maLe che. yadyapi rANIvAva pATaNanI vIsa bhujALI pratimA sauMdarya ane pratimAvidhAnanI rIte ajoDa che. pATaNathI dasa hAthALImUrti paNa noMdhAI che. 28 jo ke devInI caturbhuja pratimAo sauthI vadhu pracalita che. badhA ja zilpo saMpUrNa rIte graMthasya niyamone anusaratA nathI. AgavI prAdezika paraMparAo Ayudho ane anya chUTachATa emAM kyAreka jovA maLe. moTAbhAge devI krodhAnvita darzAvavAmAM

Page #52
35 durgAmahiSAsuramardinI - delA gAmanI eka aprakAzita pratimA Ave che. sAhityika keTalAka graMtho anusAra devadAnava saMgrAmamAM mahiSAsuranuM mardana karI devI | vijayI thayA. vijayazrIne kAraNe mAtA AnaMdita thatAM bhAvavibhora banI gayA. delAnI prastuta pratimAmAM devInuM prasanna bhAvapUrNa svarUpa che. delAnI durgAmahiSAsuramardinI caturbhuja prayAlIDhAsane upAsanA mATenI upAsyamUrti che. devI mastakanA pArve AchI rekhAovALu sAdu upasAvela bhAtanuM bhAmaMDala zobhe che. jenI upara Aja prakAranI rekhAothI banne cheDe makaramukhanA Alekhana che. devInI seMthI sAthenI manohara kezaracanA ane madhyenI vAMkaDiyA kezalaTo, vizALa bhAla, cUsta kaTivastra ane suDoLa sukomaLa deha sauMdarya guptakalAnI yAda Ape che. paNa ullekhanIya devImukuTa che. sAmAnya rIte nAyikA ke devIpratimAomAM keza UbhA oLIne aMte dhammIla mukuTamAM samAviSTa karelAM hoya che. jyAre atre carcitadelAnA zilpamAM devInA AkarSaka kezaguMphana para jANe sahajapaNe mUkelo hoya, ema zire dhammIla mukuTa dhAraNa karelo che. 29 moTA tejapUrNa netro, sTeja khaMDita nAsikA, kaNe zobhatA grAhakuMDaLa, ciMbUkI, bharelA gAla ane bhAvapUrNa mukha, sAhityamAM varNAta pUrNacaMdramA jevuM lAge che. paNa badhAmAM ziramora samu mita opatAM oSTanuM Alekhana suhAsInI upamAne sArthaka Therave che. alaMkAromAM suvarNa keyUra, kaDAM ane kallA dhAraNa karelAM che. suvarNa kriserI sAdI paTTikAthI kaTivastrane bAMdheluM che. kaMThe raiveyaka ane bIjo stanayugma vaccethI sarakato prAcIna laDhaNano hAra nAbhI samAnAntara vAma bAjue kalAtmaka jhoka Ape che. caturhate devInA jamaNA eka karamAM khagna dhAraNa kareluM che. to bIjA haste mAtA trizUla prahAra karI rahyAM che. vAmabAjunA eka hAthamAM ghaMTA rahelI che. bIjA bAhuthI mahiSapuccha pakaDI pracaMDa AvegathI devI daitya zarIrane UMcuM niHsahAya karI nAkhe che. to bIjI tarapha devI dakSiNapAde atyaMta jussApUrvaka jANe mahiSAsurane ragadoLI rahyAM che. ane A tarapha ja dAnavanuM vicchinna zira paDeluM che. devInA sauMdaryapUrNa dehalAlitya ane suDoLatva eTaluM to namaNuM che ke zarIra jhokane lIdhe kaTi nIce beya bAju cAmaDInI traNa surekha vallIo paDI che jene lIdhe zilpamAM vAstavika jIvaMtatA bhAse che. bhAvapUrNa devImukha, unnata stanA, siMha jevI pAtaLI kaTi, kadalI samAna ghuMTaNathI upalo bhAga jaMdhA temaja A atirikta prAdezika kalAghaTaka tattvonuM saMyojana vagere tamAma guptakalAnI yAda Ape che. ahIM tatkAlanI rAjakIya paristhitI vicArIye to pUrva gujarAtamAMthI toramANanA tAmrapatro maLI AvyAM che. je Azare chaThThI zatAbdInA AraMbhe ke e pahelAM ja guptasattA gujarAtamAMthI tUTI gayAnuM darzAve che. have e sthAna anya sattAo letI jaNAya che. A rAjakIya paristhitImAM tArAnAthe varNavelI marudezanA zargadhare zarU karelI prAcIna bhAratIya pazcima zailI (School of Ancient West)no vikAsa thayAnuM samajAya che. guptakALamAM jema AgalA yuganI asara hatI e ja rIte pachInA samayakAle guptakalAnI svAbhAvika asara vartAya. A anusaMdhAne delAnuM virala zilpa ukta jaNAvela AgavI viziSTatA sAthe mUlavavuM joIe. A viziSTatA eTale asAdhAraNa moTu mastaka, alaMkAro ane prAcIna zilpomAM zailIno agatyano namUno che. uparokta tamAma bAbatone lakSamAM letAM delAnI durgAmahiSAsuramardinInI manohara pratimAne sAtamI zatAbdInA uttarArdha ke AThamA zatakanA pUrvArdha mUkI zakAze.

Page #53
prAcInA pAdaTIpaH 1. khAtAno saMbaMdhita vArSika ahevAla lekhakane hAthavago nathI. AthI cokkasa saMdarbha apAyo nathI. 2. mArkanDeyapurANa, saptazatI stotra, aM.3 temaja devI bhAgavata skaMpa, aM.1-20mAM mAhitI maLe che. vistArabhayathI saMpUrNa AkhyAyikA ahIM ApI nathI. paNa TUMkamAM jhaMsthastha varNAnusAra devatAonA tejomaya pUMjamAMthI devI prAdurbhAva pAmyA ane emane tamAma devoe potAnA zastro ApyA. 3. V. Misra, Mahisasurmardini, Preface : P. vi, New Delhi, 1994. 4. vidhyAvAsInI sahitanA anya nAma devInA vizeSaNarUpa che. 4. D. R. Rajeshwari, Sakti-Iconography, New Delhi, P-55 E. V. Misra, Ibid, page-7 7. abhilaSitArtha cintAmaNI, vi-3, a.1 8. agnipurANa a-12, 16 tathA 50/10pamAM mahiSamardinI caMDikAne 20 bhujALI kahI che. 9. matsyapurANa, a.260/59-65mAM devIne 10 hastovALI kAtyAyana kahyuM che. 10. vizvakarmAzAstra 2-79 11. rUpAvatAra, a-8, 112-113 12. gu.mU.vi. pR.328 93. V. S. Agrawala, A Catalogue of Brahmanical Images In Mathura Museum, P.57. 98. Shantilal Nagar, Mahishasurmardini in Indian Art, 1988, New Delhi, P.212, plate-8 15. mArkanDeyapurANa, ch.83-39. ane vAsudeva sArA samagravAta, bhAratIyanA, vArANI 1966, pR.320 98. V. Mishra, Mahisasurmardini, New Delhi, 1984, prepace page-vi 17. Shantilal Nagar, Ibid, Page-218, pl.27 18. V. Mishra, op-cit, page-40, pl.6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 32 and 39 19. Ibid, p.40 20. S. R. Rao, Excavations at Amreli, B. B. M. Vol, XVIII, Baroda, 1966, P-94, pl. XXXI 21. anya zilpo sAthe vallabhInI mahiSamardinI i.sa. 1914-15mAM DaoN.bhAMDArakare zodhI hovAnuM DaoN. yu. pI. zAhe jaNAvyuM che. juo : U. P. Shah, sculptures from Shamalaji and Roda, B. B. M., Baroda, 1960, page-118-19, No.13, sAMprata lekhake sadara zilpane kSatrapakAlanA aMtabhAganuM gayuM che. juo gurAsAMI, graMtha-1 amadAvAda-2005, pR.347-48 22. DaoN. Ara. ena. mahetAne A takatI maLI hatI. juo uparyukta, sculptures from Shamalaji and Roda, page-25 23. maNibhAI vorA, be mAtRkA mUrtio, kumAra, 1942 e-588, pR.505. 28. V. S. Parekh, JOIB, Vol, XXV, 1975-76, No-1, page-80, Fig-5 25. harilAla gaudAnI pIThezvarInuM maMdira, pIThAI navacetana, varSa-49, pR.307.

Page #54
durgAmahiSAsuramardinI - delA gAmanI eka aprakAzita pratimA 37 28. V. S. Parekh some interesting Sculpteres from Kavi area, JOIB, Vadodara, Vol.XXVI, No.2, 1976, pp.189-90, Fig.5. ravi hajaranIsa ane varmA zAmaLAjInAM keTalAMka aprakAzita zilpo, svAdhyAya, 5.18, aMka-3, pR. 275, citra-2 tathA prAcIna graMtha aMtargata pR.31, 32 tathA citra-16, 28. gu.mU.vi. pR.329 29. delAnI durgAmahiSAsuramardinInA dhamila mukuTane moDherAnI mahAgurjarazailInI camarAnAyikAnA mukuTane sarakhAvavAthI A vAta spaSTa thaze. juo : gaudAnI ane DhAMkI, gujarAtanI keTalIka navI zodhAyelI maitraka, mahAgUrjara ane Adya solaMkIkAlIna pratimAo, svAdhyAya, pustaka-10, aMka-2 phebruArI, 1973, pR.204 thI pR.206.

Page #55
8. be devI zilpa mastako gujarAta rAjya purAtattvakhAtAnI sarvekSaNa yojanA heThaLa zodhAyelA ane hAla khAtAnA saMgrahamAM surakSita evA velukA pASANanA be devI zilpanA khaMDita paNa manohara zIrSabhAga prastuta che.' 1. devI zIrSa-sulatAnapura : banAsakAMThA jillAnA rAdhanapura tAlukAnA sulatAnapura gAme devanogaDha ke jhAroLAgaDhathI oLakhAtA TIMbA parathI A khaMDita mastaka maLyuM hatuM. jenuM mApa 025 x 017 se.mI. che. A mastaka vagara zilpanA anya koI bhAga maLelA nathI, jethI A pratimA konI che, e kahevuM muzkela che. mastaka ghasAyeluM che. zIrSa para dhAraNa karela mukuTa paranuM grAsamukha aMkana agatyanuM che. pazcima bhAratamAM tatkAle agIyAramI zatAbdImAM mukuTa para ane keTalIka vAra paTTA para grAsamukha aMkana jANItuM hatuM. prastuta zilpakhaMDa mastaka paranI grAsamukha AkRtine vaDodarAnI tabIbI kolejanA makAnano pAyo khodatAM prAMgaNamAMthI maLela navamA zatakanI sUryapratimAnA mukuTa paranA AvA suzobhana-aMkana sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya che. jo ke vaDodarAnI pratimAnA aMkana karatAM sulatAnapuranA zilpanuM grAsamukha aMkana kaMIka vahelAMnA samayanuM che. kapola para be sarI motImALAnI paTTikA ane enA beya cheDA chUTA rAkhelA cheDAthI zilpanI mohakatAmAM umero thAya che. jamaNI taraphano thoDoka karNabhAga baTakelo dekhAya che. to DAbI taraphanA karNa goLa kuMDaLa dhAraNa karelAM che. cahero laMbagoLa ane bharelA gAlavALo che. nayano, nAsikA ane mukhabhAga ghasAyelo hovA chatAM, mukhamaMDaLa para ajaba mAva, najAkata ane devatvavALI prasanna tejasvItA dekhAya che. kaMThabhAge trivallI che. je sAmAnyarIte devI-devatAonI pratimAomAM batAvavAmAM Ave che. caherA paranI komaLa devI AbhA, kapola paranI motI paTTikAnuM AbharaNa ane mukuTabhAta jotAM e niHsaMzaya koI devI mastaka hovuM joIe. rAjasthAnanA nAgAura jillAnA choTIkhATu gAmanI vAvanI bhIttImAM jaDelAM keTalAMka pratIhAra zailInA zilpo DaoN.ratnacaMdra agravAle prakAzita karelAM hatAM. A zilpo paikI eka tribhaMge sthita strImUrtinA caherA sAthe jhAroLAgaDhanA devIzirane saheje sarakhAvI zakAya che. ApaNA zIrSa zilpanuM kapola, alaMkAro ane bhAvapUrNa mukha pratIhArakalAnuM sUcaka che. tatkAla gujarAta ane rAjasthAnano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika saMbaMdha ekamarUpa hato. vaLI Anarta-uttara gujarAta ane saurASTra paranuM pratIhAronuM adhipatya itihAsamAM jANItuM che.

Page #56
be devI zilpa mastako 39 prastuta devI mastaka choTIkhATunA zilponuM samakAlIna ke kaMIka vaheluM che. tene sAtamAM saikAnA aMtabhAge ke AThamAM zatakanA prAraMbhe mUkI zakAya. (juo citra-21) devI mastaka - dhoLakA : devamastaka prApta thayeluM hatuM. mApa 0.28 X 0.16 se.mI. che. e solaMkIkAlIna kalAno agatyano namUno che. devI zire jaTAmukuTa zobhe che. e keza-guMphana maLe koI alaMkaraNa che. je ghasAyela hoI spaSTa nathI. kapolanA bhAge cAra sarInuM ane vacce paNa ratnamaNDita paTTikAnuM AbharaNa che. devInA keza UbhA oLelA ane aMte UMcA jaTAmukuTamAM samAviSTa karelAM che. beya taraphanA karNabhAga tUTelAM che. AthI kAnanA AbhUSaNa aMge kahI zakAya nahIM. corasa cahero, bharelA gAla, eka para eka biDelA agharo hovA chatAM mukha para prasannabhAva spaSTa che. nAsikAno nIcalo bhAga ghasAyelo che. kapALe cokaTaghATano cAMdalo karelo che. nayano kIkIyukta hoI aDadhe sudhI pAMpaNa kADhavAmAM AvI che. emA uparanA bhAge upasAvela bhAtanI bhramarapaTTikA che. jene vAvagAmanI lakulIza pratimAnA cakSuo paranI bhramarapaTTikA sAthe saheje sarakhAvI zakAya che. cIbUkInuM bahu suMdara Alekhana che. sAdhAraNa rIte pArvatI ane brahmANIne jaTAmukuTa hoya paraMtu brahmANI bahutayA trimukhI darzAvAya che. ahIM spaSTataH eka mukha che. AthI saMbhavataH prastuta devamukha pArvatInuM hoI zake. Aja jagyAethI anya khaMDita zilpo paNa maLelAM. je hindudharmanA hovAthI uparokta mAnyatAne samarthana maLe che. kalA zailIne AdhAre prastuta devI mukhane agIyAramI sadInA aMtabhAge ke bAramA saikAnI zarUAtamAM mUkI zakAze. pAdaTIpa : 1. prastuta zilpakhaMDo A zodhalekhanA sahalekhaka ane pUrva havAlAnA purAtattva niyAmaka zrI mu.ha.rAvale zodhelA hatAM. juo vidyApITha, jAnyu-phebruArI 1982, saLaMga, aMka-115, pR.50, ci.1 ane 2 2. Umakant Shah, Some Surya Images from Saurashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan, Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and picture Gallary, Vol.18, 1966, pl.18. ASTERL Hollol kolejavALI ane vaDodarA saMgrahAlayanA saMgrahanI A Aditya pratimA hAla kyAM che. tenI koI ja mAhitI upalabdha nathI. 3. R. C. Agrawala, Pratihar Sculptures from Chhotikhatu, Rajasthan, Bulletin of the Oriental Institute, vol.23 No.1-2 September-December 1973, page 72 to 74 4. Ibid-plate-I 5. guzisaevi. pR.7 lekhakanuM nivedana 6. ravi hajaranIsa, puaka, pR.75, citra-14

Page #57
9. kAyAvarohaNanI dipAla agnipratimA kAyAvarohaNa (kAravaNa) gAme lekhakane dipAla agnipratimAM bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNanA cokIdAra kvArTara ane myujhiyamanA baMdhAtA makAna pAse pradarzita ane saMrakSita zilpa-samUhamAM jovA maLI hatI. kAyAvarohaNa vaDodarAthI dakSiNa-pazcime Azare ogaNIsa ki.mI. dUra AveluM prasiddha tIrthasthAna che. zivanA aThThAvIsamA avatAra bhagavAna lakulIzano janma kAyAvarohaNa sthaLe thaze ema vAyupurANa (a.28)mAM kahyuM che. prAcInakALathI madhyakAla sudhInI pakavelI mATInI AkRtio, pASANanI nAnI moTI mUrtio, sikkAo temaja utpanana dvArA prApta purAvazeSo ityAdi A sthaLethI maLelA che. TUMkamAM atItano prAcyakalAno amUlya bhaMDAra kAyAvarohaNa sAcavIne beThuM che.' agninuM sthAna vaidikadevomAM mahattvanuM che. e mAnava ane deva vacce kaDIrUpa che. je yajJanA havine devatAo sudhI pahoMcADe che. Rgvada anusAra agni traNarUpe dekhAya che. pRthvI para e agni,vAdaLomAM vIjaLI ane AkAza maLe sUryarUpe jovA maLe che. e pUrva dizA ane dakSiNa dizA madhyenA vidizAno adhipati che. AthI ja vidizAnuM nAma paNa AgneyI che. AdhyAtmika rIte agni zivanA apara svarUpe che. jemAM vAgdaDa, dhanadaMDa ane vajadaMDa e emanI cAra dADharUpe, lAMbI dADhIe darbha che. to ratha sAthe joDAyelAM cAra popaTa e cAraveda gaNAya che.' agninA rUpavidhAna ke mUrtividhAna mATe abhilakSitArtha cintAmaNi (vi.3, aM.1, 776780), pUrvakAraNAgama (paTala-14), viSNudharmottara (naM.3, a.56, 1-3), rUpAvatAra (aM.460), matsyapurANa (a.ra60, zloka-9 thI 12), zrItattvanidhi (pA.105), zilparatna (a.25-1) ane suprabhedAgama (paTala, 41) vageremAM mAhitI maLe che. A badhAmAM jaNAvyAM anusAra agninA sAmAnya rUpe cAra bAhu be mukha, traNa pAda ane sAta jihyA che. amarakozamAM agninA 34 nAma maLe che. 10 agnipurANa (a.53-19, a.69-27) mujaba te meSa para AruDha che. ene javAlArUpa sAta jillA che ane emanAM caturbhuja hastomAM akSamAlA, kamaDaluM ane zakti rahelI che. temaja cAre tarapha javALA batAvavAmAM Ave che. ApaNA dezamAM ahicchatrAnI dikpAla agninI maLelI i.sa. 350 AsapAsanI gaNAtI hoI ene jJAta pratimAomAM prAcInatama gaNavAmAM Ave che. to kaMkAlITIlAnI mUrti guptakALanI

Page #58
kAyAvarohaNanI dipAla agnipratimA 41 che.12 paNa adyApi gujarAtamAMthI dasamI agIyAramI zatAbdIthI vahelI koI agninI pratimA haju maLela nahotI. gujarAtanA maMdironA maMDovara para dipAla agni kaMDArelA che. kanaiyAlAla davee AvI pratimAo siddhapura, DIsA, maNuMda, suNaka, gaLatezvara ane moDherAthI noMdhelI che. to Akhaja ane dvArakAthI pa paNa A prakAranI mUrtio noMdhAyelI che. ATalI vivecanA bAda, kAyAvarohaNanuM ochuM jANItuM, khaMDita paNa mahattvanuM zilpa prastuta che. A dipAla agni koI ajJAta maMdiranA sthApatyarUpa-maMDovaranuM hovAnI zakyatA che. deva veNukA pASANamAMthI kaMDArelA samapAdamAM UbhA svarUpe che. devamukha AgathI ghasAyela ane tUTeluM hovAthI khAsa vigato upalabdha nathI. paraMtu DAbA cazubhAga ane aspaSTa dekhAto kurcAla lAMbo bhAga samajI zakAya che. zIrSa pAchaLanuM bhA-maMDala vRttAkAra sAdu, temaja kaNe zobhatAM goLa kuMDalo prAcIna DhabanA che. mastiSkanA dhAraNa karela jaTAmukuTathI laI kaMTha sudhI beya tarapha prabhAvalInA AgaLanA bhAge agnijavALAo suMdara rIte darzAvI che. jemane moDherAnA sUryamaMdiranI dikpAla agninI A prakAranI javALAo sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya che. kAyAvarohaNanA dikpAla agninI javALAo nava hoI, saMbhavataH navagrahanI sUcaka haze. deve be serI maNImALA, yajJopavIta, vanamAlA, mekhalA ane nUpura jevA AbhuSaNo dhAraNa karelAM che. to agnie paridhAna karela TUMkI dhotI ane vacceno gomUtrikaghATano surekha cheDo paNa prAcIna pratimAonI paraMparAno che. beya bhUjAo skaMdhanA nIcenA bhAgathI khaMDita che. AthI Ayudho aMge kahI zakAya nahIM. devanA jamaNA caraNa pAse atyaMta ghasAyela pArSadanI AkRti dRSTigocara thAya che. e uparanA bhAge khaMDita vAhana meSano mukhya bhAga spaSTa dekhAya che. to devanA DAbA pAda pAsenI AkRti saMpUrNa naSTa thayelI che. kAyAvarohaNanuM agninuM zilpa beThI daDInA sAdhAraNa bAMdhAvALu, bharAvadAra chAtI temaja vizALa skaMdha ane alaMkAro vagerene dhyAnamAM letA e prAcIna pazcima bhAratIya zailI (Ancient School of West)no agatyano namUno che. A prAcIna pazcima bhAratIya zailI marudezanA zArgadhare zarU karelI hovAnuM tArAnAthe jaNAvyuM che.16 ukta tamAma kAraNosara prastuta zilpane sAtamA saikAnA aMtabhAge ke AThamA zatakanI zarUAtamAM mUkI zakAya7 ane AthI ja gujarAtanI tamAma jJAta dipAla agninI pratimAomAM tene sauthI prAcIna hAla gaNavAmAM harakata nathI. pAdaTIpa : agAu nakulezvara mahAdeva, kAyAvarohaNanA paTAMgaNamAM mUkelAM prAcIna zilpone eesaAI dvArA emanA cokIdAra kvArTara ane e pAse taiyAra thaI rahelAM myujhiyamanA makAna pAse pradarzita karAyelAM che. je samUhamAM atre carcita dipAla agnipratimA che. je lekhakane batAvavA mATe lekhaka e. esa. AInA cokIdAra zrI boskara tathA anveSaNamAM joDAvA mATe sanmitra ane ema.esa. yunivarsiTI oNpha baroDAnA prAcIna itihAsa ane purAvastuvidyA vibhAganA pUrva vaDA pro. DaoN. vi. eca. sonavaNenA RNI che. 2. ravi hajaranIsa, lakulIzanI eka aprasiddha pratimA, vidyApITha, jAnyu-phebruArI, 1981, pR.40

Page #59
42 prAcIna 3. bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNakhAtA dvArA A sthaLe utpanana hAtha dharAyela hatuM. 4. ravi hajaranIsa ane svAti joSI, kAyAvarohaNa (kAravaNa)nI zAlabhaMjikA, svAdhyAya, 5.31, aMka 3-4, me-ogaSTa, 1994, pR.171-73. 5. Rgvada, 2-12-3, 10-7-2; 10-70-11 6. uparyukta 7. kanaiyAlAla dave, gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna, 1993, punaHmudraNa, pR.417 8. uparyukta 9. kanaiyAlAla dave, op-cit pR.417. 10. amarakoza, kAMDa-1, 53-55 99. V. S. Agrawala, Teracotta Figurines of Ahichchtra, Ancient India, No-4, 1947-48, p.131. 12. uparyukta lekhaka, Catalogue of Brahmanical Images in The Mathura Art, p.46 13. kanaiyAlAla dave. uparyukta, pR.418 14. rAmajIbhAI ThAkarasIbhAI sAvaliyA, gujarAtanI dipAla pratimAo, 1998, pR.23 15. dvArakA sarvasaMgraha, pR.258 tathA uparyukta, pR.25 16. ravi hajaranIsa, guzisaevi. pR.6 17. uparyukta lekhaka, gujarAtanI dipAla agninI prAcInatama pratimA, pathika - dIpotsavAMka-okTo-nave Disembara, 1999, pR.42-43, citra-7-8.

Page #60
10. zarUAtanA khristakAlathI normanakAla sudhInuM yuropiyana carca-sthApatya yuropanA carca-sthApatyano viSaya vistRta ane gahana che. ApaNe tyAM enI pramANamAM ochI mAhitI upalabdha che. prastuta lekhamAM zarUAtanA khristakAlathI laI normana samaya sudhInA yuropanA carcasthApatyano saMkSiptamAM avalokana karavAno prayAsa karyo che. grIka saMskRtino udaya izu pUrva 1500 AsapAsa yuropakhaMDanA agni dizAmAM AvelA nAnA dviIpo jene griziyA ke grIsa kahetA tyAM thayo hato. yuropiyanakalA, tattvajJAna ane rAjyapaddhati vagere aneka bAbatonuM mULa strotra grIka saMskRti che. grIka prajA potAnI bhUmIne 'helAsa' kahe che. AthI saMskRtine helanika saMskRti paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. bhArata para paNa helanika kalAprabhAva hato. gAMdhArazailI enuM AgavuM udAharaNa che. izu pUrvenI pahelI zatAbdImAM romanA juliyasa sIjhare grIsa, misara(ijipta) ane gola (dakSiNa phrAnsa)nA dezo jItIne romana prajAsattAkane romana sAmrAjyamAM palaTI nAkhyuM. Ama tatkAlIna romana sAmrAjaya vizvanuM vizALa sAmrAjaya banI cukyuM hatuM. itihAsamAM romanonI vIratA, nipuNatA, kalAnA ajoDa vArasAvALA bhavya sAmrAjayane "greTa romansa' kahevAmAM Ave che. kAlAntare isvIsana 450 AsapAsa hUNa, gopa vagerenA AkramaNathI pazcimI romana sAmrAjyano aMta AvatA pUrvIya romana sAmrAjyano udaya thayo.i.sa.330mAM romana samrATa kaoNnsTanTAIne pUrvanA bAyajhenTiyamanA kaoNsTenTinopala zaherane romana sAmrAjyanI dvitIya rAjadhAnIno darajjo Apelo hato ja. A pachI kaoNnsenTinopalanuM rAjaya bAyajhenTAIna ke pUrvIya romana sAmrAjya tarIke oLakhAvA lAgyuM hatuM. prAcIna grIka ane madhyayugIna pIrasya saMskRtinA samanvayathI eka AgavI saMskRtino A sAmrAjayamAM udaya ane vikAsa thayo. navamI zatAbdImAM bAyajhenTAIna saMskRtikalA sarvocca zikhare hatI. paraMtu dasamA saikAmAM teno hrAsa zarU thayo ane I.sa. 1453mAM oTomana tUrkoe kaoNnsenTinopala jItI letA bAyajhenTAIna sAmrAjyano aMta Avyo. A kaoNnsenTinopala zahera eTale AjanuM istaMbula zahera. - romanakalAnAM zilpa-sthApatya grIkakalAnI prabaLa asara heThaLa vikAsa pAmyAM hatAM. tema chatAM romanoe potAnI sUjhabUjhathI keTalIka navIna bAbatono romanakalAmAM umero karyo hato. romanoe ghummaTa ane kotarakAmanAM thoDAM navIna lakSaNo samAviSTa karyA. "romana kolojhiyama' (sTeDiyama) hajAro prekSakone samAvavAnI kSamatAvALAM romane sthApatyakalAnA sarvottama namUnA che.

Page #61
44 prAcInA isunI zahAdata pachInA traNa saikA sudhImAM khristI dharmano samagra yuropamAM phelAvo thaI cukyo hato. temanA ziSyomAM ullekhanIya saMta pITara ane saMta pola hatA. A saMtoe vizALa romana sAmrAjayanA vividha pradezomAM bhramaNa karIne dharmano phelAvo karyo hato. saMta pola sAmrAjayamAM khristI devaLo baMdhAvyAM hatAM. A zarUAtanAM baMdhAyelAM devaLanuM svarUpa kayuM? e samajavuM jarUrI che. zarUAtanAM khristI devaLo romanakalA ane sthAnika zailIonI ekarUpatA rUpa-sAmyatAmAM nirmANa thayAM. e yAda rAkhavuM Avazyaka che, ke khristI devaLonA kramika vikAsamAM bhinna bhinna sthAnika kakSAnuM paNa AgavuM pradAna hatuM. kAraNa ke A vikAsagAthA judA judA svataMtra dezo chatAM romana sAmrAjyanA ghaTaka samAna dezomAM dekhAya che. ApaNe jANIe chIe tema grIsa, roma-iTAlI, phrAnsa, spena ke iMglenDa A sAmrAjyanA ghaTaka hatA, jethI mULa AtmA-pravAha roma hovA chatAM sthAnika kalAaMzo bhinna rIte ekarUpatA pAmyA hatA. khristI dharmanA svIkAra agAu romano mUrtipUjaka hatA. tethI svAbhAvika rIte tatkAlIna devaLo romana devatAvALAM (Pagan Gods) hatAM. i.sa. 313mAM romana sAmrAjyamAM khristIoe pUjA ane anya adhikAro meLavI lIdhAM. Ama have khristI dharma rAjAzraya pAmyo. jene kAraNe have khristI devaLo astitvamAM AvyAM. moDala tarIke khristIoe svAbhAvika rIte ja romana devatAonAM maMdirone badale basilikA svarUpane pasaMda karyuM. A basilikA zuM che? je samajavuM Avazyaka che. basilikA eTale be bAjue staMbhonI hAra ane chevaTe antamAM kamAna (Arch) ane ghummaTavALo oTalAyukta laMbacorasa moTo oraDo. A prakAranA moTAM rUma khAsa nyAyAdhIzo mATe vaparAtAM. zarUAtanAM carca sthApatyanI draSTie basilikA svarUpanAM baMdhAtAM. jemAM devaLanA madhya bhAganI beya tarapha staMbhonI hAra hatI. beya tarapha upAsakonI besavAnI jagyA ane madhyamAM AvavA javA mATe rasto. chevaTe pUrva dizAmAM vedI, je ghaNuMkharuM koI saMtanA kabara smAraka para banatI. pUrva taraphanI dIvAla ardhavRttAkAra banAvavAmAM AvatI. jene Apse eTale devaLano pUrva taraphano ardhavRttAkAra cheDo ke kamAnavALo adhavRttAkAra gokha kahI zakAya. A ardhagoLAkAra bhIMto vedInI pArthamAM rahetI. romamAM Avela saMta polanuM bhavya devaLa basilikA svarUpanuM che. vizvakhyAta veTIkananuM saMta pITara devaLa paNa A ja prakAranuM che. uparokta carca-sthApatya keTaleka sthaLe mojhAIka (Mosaic) suzobhanavALAM che. mojhAikakalAmAM saMgemaramaranA ke raMgIna kAcanA nAnA nAnA TukaDAo joDIne citrAkRtinI racanA karavAmAM Ave che. jeno viSaya bAyabala kathAnaka, saMto ne zarUAtanAM carcadevaLanA agraNIo vagere hatA. A kAlamAM keTalAMkacarca vRttAkAre bAMdhavAmAM AvyAM jeno khAsa upayoga khristI dharmamAM praveza pAmanAranI saMskAravidhi (Baptism) mATe thato. AgaLa bAyajhenTiyama carca-sthApatyanI carcA joI gayA chIe. temAM sthapatioe temanAM carca, ghummaTa ane Teko ApatA staMbho kamAna suzobhano sAthe UbhAM karyAM hatAM. A devaLomAM ArasapahANa ane mojhAIka suzobhanono sAro upayoga karavAmAM Avyo hato. bAyajhenTiyama kalAnuM sarvotkRSTa sthApatya sAntA sophiyA" kaoNnsenTinopala hAlanA istaMbula zaheramAM AveluM che. taduparAMta revenAmAM ghaNAM ja AkarSaka khristI devaLo AvelAM che. izunA pAMcamA-chaThThA saikAnAM A devaLo mojhAikakalA mATe khUba

Page #62
45 zarUAtanA khristakAlathI normanakAla sudhInuM yuropiyana carca-sthApatya vikhyAta che. pAMcamI zatAbdInuM galA plAsiDiyA (Galla Placidia) krosa AkAranuM che. madhyayuganAM ghaNAMkharAM kathIDrala (mukhya devaLo) carca, krosa AkAranA bAMdhavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. A kAlamAM yuropamAM anyatra sekzana sthApatya daSTigocara thAya che. je ekadama sAdagIpUrNa hatuM. iMglenDamAM normana vijaya pahelAMnA makAno ane anya sthApatya A zailImAM jovA maLe che. tatkAlIna cakAno ane anya sthApatya mahelo vagere kASThamAMthI nirmita hatAM. kAi e pASANanI sarakhAmaNImAM nA Take evuM Perishable Material gaNAya che. bhAratamAM ApaNe tyAM vaidika saMskRtinuM kASTha-sthApatya A kAraNe ja jovA maLatuM nathI. svAbhAvika che, ke iMglenDamAM kASTha-sthApatya khAsa upalabdha na hoI naSTaprAya che. tema chatAM upalabdha pramANone AdhAre kahI zakAya che, ke ahIMnA khristI devaLo zarUAtanI isAIkalA ane bAyajhenTiyama carca karatAM ekadama sAdAM hatAM. khAsa to staMbhazIrSa suzobhanovihIna sAdAM hatAM. devaLomAM ke anyatra mojhAIka zaNagArano to sadaMtara abhAva hato. I.sa.1066no iMglenDamAM normana vijaya mahattvano hato. normanoe sekzana zailIthI viparIta alaMkArapUrNa normana sthApatyanuM nirmANa karyuM. anyatra A kAlamAM romaneska(Romanesque) zailI pracalita banI, je eka mata mujaba normana zailI ja hatI. jyAre anya abhiprAya anusAra romaneska kalA koI ekAda deza-rAjaya ke pradezamAM zodhavAmAM AvI nathI paraMtu eno vikAsa krame krame thayo che ane te lagabhaga sarakhA arasAmAM ja iTAlI-roma, phrAnsa, jarmanI ane spenamAM udaya pAmI hatI. matalaba ke jayAM normanonuM rAjaya na hatuM tyAM paNa A zailI tenA pUrNa vikasita svarUpamAM jovA maLe che. te prAcIna romanA sthApatya jevI ke tenI sarakhI hovAthI romaneska kahevAI. iMglenDamAM bhavya ane cittAkarSaka kathIDrala normanoe bAMdhelAM che. normana sthApatya moTI moTI dIvAlo, staMbho ane te paranI kamAno mATe prasiddha che. devaLanAM mukhya dvAra ane bArI/khiDakIo vagere TocathI vRttAkAra rahetAM, madhyano bhAga ane gAyakavRndanI beThaka, upAsakonI beya tarapha besavAnI jagyA temaja madhyenA rastAthI vRttAkAra rahetAM. madhyano bhAga ane gAyakavRndanI beThaka, upAsakonI beya taraphanI besavAnI jagyA temaja madhyenA rastAthI anivArya rIte alaga rahetI. normano emanAM devaLonI bhIMto ane chata, kamAnonI hAra ane nAnI ardha-thAMbhalIothI suzobhita karatA. tatkAlIna darahAmanuM mukhya devaLa enuM sarvottama udAharaNa che. madhyayuganA AraMbha pahelAM khristI devaLo yuropamAM sarvoparI hatAM. Arthika ane rAjakIya kSetre carcanuM asAdhAraNa varcasva rahetuM. A dhArmika saMsthAo dvArA thatuM zaikSaNika kArya prazaMsanIya hatuM. samagra yuropanuM sAMskRtika aikya devaLane kAraNe hatuM. romaneskakalA agiyAramI zatAbdImAM AviSkAra pAmI. ane bAramA saikAmAM to tenuM sthAna prApha-gothika ke gothikakalAe lIdhuM hatuM. saMdarbha sAhitya : 9. Volbach, W. F., Early Christian Art, London, 1961 2. William Collin, our World Encyclopedias, London, 1970

Page #63
11. moDherAnA mahAgUrjara zailInA zilpakhaMDo DaoN.gaudAnI ane zrI madhusUdana DhAMkIe svAdhyAya pustaka-10, aMka-2 phebruArI 1973nAM aMkamAM gujarAtanI keTalIka navI zodhAyelI maitraka, mahAgUrjara ane Adya solaMkIkAlIna pratimAo nAmano lekha prasiddha karelo hato. je aMtargata pRSTha.204 thI 206 para moDherAnA be zilpakhaMDonI carcA karelI hatI. 1. camarA nAyikA- aMkanA mukhapRSTha paranuM citra-8 tathA 2. viSNuparikarano TukaDo - aMkanA pAchaLanA pUThAM paranuM citra-9 vadhu vigata mATe A zodhalekha vAMcavA bhalAmaNa che. ahIM tulanAtmaka abhyAsa arthe juo citra-18. gujarAta rAjaya purAtattvakhAtAnA tatkAlIna sahAyaka niyAmakazrI mukuMda rAvale keTaloka samaya agAu moDherAthI pArevA paththaranA (schist stone) be zilpakhaMDo zodhyA hatAM. je rAjaya purAtattvakhAtAmAM emaNe surakSita rAkhyAM. tajajJa tarIke A lekhakane A zilponI oLakha, zailI ane samayAMkana bAbate jaNAvavAnI vinaMti thatAM; A abhyAsathI phalIta thayuM ke A zilpo ane moDherAnI upara jaNAvela saMdarbhita lekhanI pratimAonI kalAzailI eka ja che ane te enA samakAlIna ke kaMIka vahelAM jaNAyA che. moDherAnAM upara jaNAvela prasiddha thayelAM zilpone izunA dazamA zatakanA madhyabhAge mukelAM hatAM. paraMtu pUrvokta lekha lakhAyo te pachIthI AgaLa vadhelI anveSaNAnA udyotamAM e zilpone dazamI zatAbdInA madhyane badale prAraMbhamAM ke navamA saikAnA aMtabhAge mukavAno mULa lekhakono sAMprata abhiprAya che.1 Aja zailIno eka anya zilpakhaMDano bhAga bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNanA purArakSaNa sahAyakazrInI amadAvAda kacerInA saMgrahamAM hovAnuM A lekhake joyAnuM smaraNamAM che. parantu phoTogrAphane abhAve tenuM vivecana rajU thaI zakela nathI. adyApi ochA jANItA paNa kalAnA itihAsamAM mahattvanuM sthAna dharAvatAM, moDherAnA mahAgUrjarazailInA be manohara zilpakhaMDonI vigata prastuta che. A be surekhazilpo cAmaradhArI, kumAra ane viSNunA che.

Page #64
moDherAnA mahAgurjara zailInA zilpakhaMDo 47 1. cAmaradhArI ane kumAra prathama zilpakhaMDaH samagra zilpakhaMDa koI devAlaya dvArazAkhano? ke pachI pratimAMnA parikara? bhAgano jaNAyo che. koI siddhahasta kalAkAre ene traNa bhAga kuzaLatApUrvaka batAvyo che. TocanA prathama bhAge latizikhara dRzyamAna che. je caMdrazAlA alaMkaraNa ane Amalaka sAthenI AkRti che. jenuM cApotkaTa kAlanAM zikharonI nAnI pratikRti jevuM svarUpa che. zikharakRti nIce chAghanI racanA karelI che. chAdya pachIthI, be nAnI goLa khaMbhikAoyukta gavAkSa kADhelo che je zilpakhaMDano vacalo-madhyano vistAra che. A gavAkSa madhye cAmaradhArInI ubhA svarUpe atIva suMdara pratimA che. jenA mukuTa, caherA ane samagra dehayaSTine agAu prasiddha thayelAM cAmaradhArI sAthe saheje sarakhAvI zakAya che. jo ke te cAmaradhArInI jema mastiSka pAchaLa prabhAmaMDaLa nathI. ahI anucare jamaNA karamAM cAmara graheluM che. to vAmahasta gauravapUrNa rIte thApA para Tekavelo che. enA UbhA rahevAnI bhaMgI samagra zilpanI mohakatAmAM paNa kalAtmaka che. kaNe goLa kuMDaLa ane kaMThya ekAvalI dekhAya che. cAmaradhArIno laMbagoLa zo cahero ane e paranuM mohaka smita manohara che. TocanA zikharAkRtibhAga nIcenA chAghanI jema madhyabhAganA A gokha nIce paNa chAdya batAvela che. jyAM nIcethI tRtIya ane aMtima bhAga zarU thAya che. tRtIya bhAge paNa agAunI jema ja goLa thAMbhalIvALo khattaka kADhelo che. jenI mathALe caMdrazAlA alaMkaraNa che. khattaka maMDita ahIM dvibAhu kumAranI atIva suMdara beThA svarUpanI AkRti kADhelI che. je gadhikA para ardhaparyakAsanastha Asanastha che. jamaNA ubhaDaka pAda para sahajatAthI mUkelo jamaNo hasta ane vAma vALelAM caraNa para sidho ja Tekavelo DAbo kara vagere bhaMgI AkarSaka che. zira paranuM alaka ane smita opatuM mukhAraviMda noMdhapAtra che. AbhuSaNomAM kaNe goLa moTA kuMDaLa, chAtI baMdha ane capaTo raiveyaka dhAraNa karelAM che. (juo citra-8) 2. viSNupratimA prathama zilpakhaMDanI jemaja A zilpakRti paNa maMdira dvArazAkha ke parikarano bhAga lAge che. viSNu caturbhuja hoI, mohakapaNe tribhaMge UbhA svarUpe batAvyAM che. pratimA be bhAgamAM tUTelI che. devazIrSa pAchaLa prAcIna zilpomAM jovA maLatuM goLa sAdu bhA-maMDala batAvyuM che. devanA upalA jamaNA hastamAM gadA ane nIcenA karamAM padma graheluM che. jyAre DAbA uparanA hAthamAM cakra ane jAMgha para AkarSaka rIte TekavelAM nIcenA bAhumAM zaMkha dhAraNa karelo che. devanA alpa ane sAdA dekhAtA AbhUSaNomAM moTA goLakuMDaLa, capaTo kaMThahAra, bAhubala, kaDA, upavIta ane vanamAlA vagere grahelAM che. A atirikta mukuTa nIcenI suvarNapaTTikAmAM subaddha karelA keza, sAdhAraNa corasa thavA jato bharelA gAla ane smita opato cahero, vizALa bhAla ane kaMIka aMze bhAravALA nayano vagere dhyAnAkarSaka che. vastronI sAdAI ane pAradarzakapaNe ullekhanIya che. devazIrSa pAchaLanuM candraprabhAmaMDaLa, mukhamaMDaLa ane dehayaSTinI zailIne agAu prasiddha thayela cAmaradhArI sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya che.

Page #65
48 prAcIna | viSNupratimAnA uparanA bhAge pArthadarzane gajarAjanuM suMdara jIvaMta bhAsatuM zira che. gajamastake alaMkaraNayukta paTTikAnuM surekha AbharaNa che. sUMDha cheDethI saheja vALIne upara lIdhI che. prANIzilpanuM e sarvottama udAharaNa che. gajazIrSa para eka khaMDita zeSa bacelo pazunA nahoravALo pagano paMjo dekhAya che. paMjAnI uparano bhAga tUTelo hovA chatAM te nisaMzayapaNe vyAlano paMjo hovAnuM saheje samajAya che. kalAmAM gaja-vyAla keTalIkavAra makara sAthe nirUpavAmAM cAlatrayInA daSTAnto che. aMtamAM ahIM prastuta zilpakhaMDo, tema ja agAu prasiddha thayelA moDherAnA zilpakhaMDonI kalAzailI eka ja hovAthI zrI madhusUdana DhAMkInuM ja te paratvenuM vivecana vAcako samakSa rajU karavAnuM ucita mAnyuM che. "mahAgUrjarazailInA moDherAthI prApta zilpakhaMDo spaSTatayA dasamA zatakanA prAraMbhanA ke navamA zatakanA aMtabhAganAM lakSaNo batAvI rahe che. A zilpakhaMDonI sAdhAraNa zailI eka ja jaNAya che ane te sau eka kALanA eka rItinI abhivyaMjanAnA phalasvarUpa hoya tema mAnavAmAM harakata jevuM nathI. moDherAnA i.sa.1027mAM baMdhAyela mUlaprAsAdanA maMDovaranI ane tethI sTeja purANA kuMDanI pratimAonI zailI karatAM A zilponI zailI vegaLI ane vizeSa prAcIna che. A zilpo mahAgUrjarazailInAM to che ja paNa te prastuta zailInI gujarAtane AvaratI Anarta zAkhAnAM hovAne badale eka bAjuthI mAlavA-uparamAla ane bIjI bAjuthI caMdrAvatI-abUda maMDalanI kalAno prabhAva batAve che." pAdaTIpa : 1. pro. madhusUdana DhAMkInI lekhaka sAthenI carcAne AdhAre. 2. cAlatrayI aMge juo : A ja graMtha prAcInAnAM 14mo lekha gujarAtanA devAlayonI vyAla AkRtio.

Page #66
12. kalezvarI smAraka samUha kalezarI', kalezvarI ke kalezvarInI nAla e 23-20 'u.aM. ane 73-34' pU.re. para paMcamahAla jillAnA luNAvADA tAlukAmAM AveluM agatyanuM purAtattvIya sthaLa che ane te luNAvADAthI uttare 20 kilomITara aMtare che. gujarAta rAjya parivahana basa dvArA godharA-moDAsA ane luNAvADAzAmaLAjI-DuMgarapura, vAyA bAkora mArgathI lavANA pATiyA sudhI pahoMcI zakAya che. nirdiSTa sthaLa lavANA pATiyAthI dakSiNe ekAda ki.mI.nA aMtare che. jo mulAkAtIo pAse potAnuM vAhana na hoya to, lavANA pATiyAthI pagapALA jaI zakAya. cArekora DuMgarAo, khINa, araNya ane gADhIvanarAjI madhye A sthaLa AveluM che. dAyakAo pahelAM ahIM khUMkhAra vAgha vasatAM hatAM. sthaLano prathama nirdeza karanAra zrIgAMdhIe 1953nA potAnA kalezarI lekhamAM khINamAM kyAreka kyAreka vAgha dekhAtAM hovAno ullekha karelo che. matalaba ke trepananA dAyakA sudhI ane pachI thoDAka samaya sudhI to ahIM vAgha hovA joIe. khINa vistAre nIcI nAnInAnI kvArTajhAITanI madhye dhavala sphaTika (quartz) naso-rekhAovALI TekarIo jovA maLe che. jenI AjubAju hariyALu ghAsa, khajUrI, sAdaDa, sAgaDA ane pIpaLa jevA vRkSo temaja vanalatAo patharAyelI che. to dakSiNa tarapha vaheto svaccha zItalajaLano bahoLo suMdaratAmAM abhivRddhi kare che. vahelI savAre pakSIono madhura kalarava ane rAtrInA niviDa aMdhakAramAM jhagamagATa mArI prakAza pheMkAtA AgiyAnA jhuMDa e ahIMnI AgavI viziSTatA che. AvA nayanaramya ramaNIya vistAramAM gujarAta rAjaya purAtattvakhAtAnA rakSita evAM purAtattva ane kalAnI dRSTie samRddha evAM kula nava smArako AvelA che." jemAM sAsunI vAva ane vahunI vAva paNa AvelI che. smArako keTalAka TekarI nIce to keTalAka upara AvelAM che. nIcenA smArako vacce uttara-dakSiNa koI pUrvakAlIna gAmanA-vasAhatanA iMTo-roDA jevA avazeSo jovA maLe che. to aDhAramAM zatakamAM nirmANa pAmelAM ghuMmaTavALA maMdira tarIke oLakhatA zivamaMdira nIce madhyakALanA devAlayanI jagatI, garbhagRha, aMtarAla ane pagathiyAM sAthenA sabhAmaMDapanA bhAgo dekhAya che. navamaMdiranI jaMghAmAM paNa tatkAlIna 1000 varSa purANA maMdiranA zilpo jaDelAM che. zivamaMdira sanmukha zilAlekhavALu maMdira ke kalezvarI mAtAnA maMdira tarIke oLakhAtA deva-maMdiramAM hAla kalezvarImAtA tarIke pUjAtI pArevA ke lIlAmarakata paththaramAMthI nirmita pratimA naTarAjanI che. A aSTabAhu devanA upalA be karamAM DamaruM ane

Page #67
50 prAcInA cakra ane anya be hastamAM trizUla temaja khaTvAMga rahelA che. jamaNA eka hAthamAM kapAla dhAraNa kareluM che. jyAre bIjo nRtyamudrAmAM che. eka vAma ardhakhaMDita kara gajahastamudrAmAM che. prastuta prAsAda cha pUrNa ane dasa bhittasthaMbho paranA samatala chAdyayukta che. eka staMbha para ghasAyela lekha hoI temAM luNAvADAnA yuvarAje jIrNoddhAra saMvata 1605 (I.sa.1549) mAM karAvyAno ullekha che. ghuMmaTavALA zivamaMdiranI pAchaLa dakSiNe veLukA pASANamAMthI nirmita sopAna zreNIvALo corasaghATano surekha kuMDa che. kuMDanI dIvAlomAM gavAkSonI racanA karelI che. jemAM ziva, viSNu ane nRtyavRnda vagere mUrtio che. pANIthI bharelAM A manohara kuMDanA jaLamArgamAM pANIne zuddha karavA ane kacaro gALavA gaLaNI vagerenI sthApatyakIya racanA karelI che. kuMDanuM dazya kuMDa plAna ane sekazana kuMDanI sAme nAnI TekarI para zikAramaDhI ke havAmahela agara baMgalA nAmathI oLakhAtI kaMpAunDa sAthenI imArata AvelI che. luNAvADAnA rAjavI vakhatasiMha bAvAjIe moTA rUma jevI imAratamAM pUrvakAlIna sthApatyanA paththarono upayoga karelo che. je aMtargata emAM dasamI zatAbdInA pUrvakAlIna maMdiranI mAtRkAo vArAhI, cAmuMDA, vaiSNavI, mahiSamardinI, nRtyagaNeza ane kAmazilponI paTTikA vagerethI spaSTa thAya che. dvArazAkha paNa prAcIna maMdiranI hoI enA lalATabiMbe gaNeza kADhelA che. rUmanI aMdaranI bAjue paNa caitya-suzobhano jaDelAM che. je paNa samakAlIna jaNAyA che. kalezvarI mAtAnA maMdiranA staMbha paranA jIrNoddhAranA saMvata 1605 parathI zikAramaDhI ke baMgalAnI imArata paNa i.sa.nA 16mAM saikAmAM baMdhAI hovAnuM lAge che. kharatA paththaramAMthI nirmita sAsunI vAva ane vahunI vAva TekarI nIcenI smArakomAM AvelI naMdA prakAranI be vApI che. prathama vApImAM UtaratA sopAnazreNInI beya bAjunI bhIMtamAM eka eka gavAkSanI racanA karelI che. A khattakomAM navagraha, mAtRkAo, dazAvatAro ane zeSazAyI viSNu ane mAtRkApaTTa kaMDAryA che. vApI sthApatya ane zilpazailI jotAM, banne vAva nirmANa caudamA/paMdaramAM zatakamAM thayAnuM lAge che. kalezvarImAM ujavAto gokulaaSTamIno meLo A pachIthI zarU thayo haze. zikAramaDhI pAchaLa moTI UMcI TekarI para traNa smArako AvelAM che. je bhImanI corI, arjunanI corI ane traNa pravezadvAravALA maMdira tarIke oLakhAya che. bhImanI corIe zivAlaya che. hAla enA zeSa bacelA bhAgo zRMgAracokI, maMDapanA kakSAsanano bhAga, jagatI, garbhagRha ane maMDovarano nIcalo bhAga vidyamAna che. zikhara astitvamAM nathI. praveza dvArazAkhanA udumbara sacavAyela che. to arjunanI corI nAme oLakhAtA maMdiranA corasa garbhagRhano nIcalo bhAga, corasa maMDapanI pIThikA ane dvArazAkha jaLavAyelI che. dvArazAkha paranAM zivanAM svarUpo tene zivamaMdira Therave che. udumbaranA grAsamukha aMkana noMdhanIya che. traNa pravezadvAravALuM maMdira tarIke oLakhAtA devAlayanA Aje to mAtra ardhAbhittI staMbha ane maMDapanA abhirI staMbhabhAga ja vidyamAna dekhAya che. jayAre kALanA gartamAM upalo bhAga vilIna thaI gayelo che. ahIM prasthApita karela moTI strI-pratimAnA goThaNathI nIcenA paga batAvatA zilpano AMzika bhAga zakyataH bahArathI lAvI pAchaLathI mUkelo jaNAya che. kiMvadaMtI mujaba sthAnikoe hiDaMbAnA paga tarIke pUjAya che.

Page #68
kalezvarI smAraka samUha kalezvarInA dasamA saikAnA koI ajJAta prAsAdanA dikapAla Indra, yama, vAyu, anaMta, apsarA, zakti, gaNeza, durgA, mahiSAsuramardinI ane ghaMTAkarNa vagere manohara zilpo Anarta skUlanI mahAgurjarazailInA hoI, temane munibAvA - thAna, kerA maMdira - kaccha, ane aMbikA maMdira jagatarAjasthAnanAM zilpo sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya che. pAdaTIpa : 1. kalezarI zabda vyutpatti kalAkSI agara kalA + izvarI athavA kleza + harI eTale kleza-saMtApanuM haraNa karanAra evo artha zrI gAMdhIe Apelo che. juo : ramaNalAla eca. gAMdhI, kalezarI, kumAra, 1953, 5.371. 2. uparyukta, pR. 370 3. R. N. Mehta, Kalesvari, JOIB, Vol XXIV : No-3-4, March-June, 1975, p.436 4. ravi hajarIsa ane mahetA, kalezvarI smAraka samUha, gujarAta, varSa-31, aMka-18, tA.2-9-1990, pR.33. kalezvarInA atyaMta surekha smArakonA prathamavAra Adhunika DroMIga ane vigato arthe juo : Maulik Hajarnis 2014 Raval. Tracing Footprints of a Buyone Era : Kalesvari complex, Lavana AURA', Annual Research Journal of PIAR, Volume I, May 2013 "Inheritance Imprints", Pg. 35-52, Vadodara. 5. 1966-67nA dAyakAmAM sthaLanI sAphasaphAI, purArakSaNa vagere kAryo hAtha dharAyA ane Ama varSovarSa anukULatA mujaba mAvajata-purArakSaNakAryo thatA rahe che. smArakone rakSita gujarAta rAjaya zikSaNa ane majura vibhAganA tA.6.11.1969nA kramAMka jIecaesaeca-946. e ecaAra 1067-68458-69.ma nA gujarAta rAjaya rakSita smArakonA jAheranAmAMthI saMrakSita jAhera karAyA. juo : (saMkalana) ravi hajaranIsa, gujarAta rAjya rakSita smArakonI yAdI, tA.31mI Disembara, 1992nI sthiti para AdhArIta.

Page #69
13. madhya ane anumadhyakAlIna gujarAtanAM bhIMtacitro prAraMbhika mRbhAMDo para AlekhAyelAM haDappAkAlIna citrothI citrakalAnI zarUAta gaNAtI hatI. A tarka ke kalpanAmAM, krAntikArI badalAva 1975 AsapAsanI sAbarakAMThAnA zailacitronI zodhathI Avyo.2 pachI to A sImAcihnarUpe zodhane AnuSaMgIka sarvekSaNa-khoja abhiyAnano silasilo AgaLa vadhato ja rahyo. pariNAmarUpa tarasaMga(paMcamahAla), camAraDI (bhAvanagara jillo), choTA-udepura tejagaDha vistAramAM temaja pAvI-jetapurakSetra mAM(vaDodarA jillo) vadhu citrIta zailAzrayo maLI AvyAM. je aMtargata prAgaitihAsikayugathI laI khaDakacitronI paraMparA cheka 19mI zatAbdI sudhInI maLI AvI. upalabdha navIna pramANothI citrakalAno prAraMbha have prAgaitihAsikayugathI zarUAta thaI hovAnuM sarvatra svIkRta thayuM. zailAzrayacitro bhIMtacitrono ja eka prakAra che. jo ke khaDaka-kalA (Rock Art)nI ane temAye gujarAtanA zailacitronI paryApta carcA agAu thaI che. AthI pharIne punarukti karI nathI. bhItacitra atirikta citrakalAnA anya prakAromAM citrapaTa, citraphalaka ane graMthastha laghucitro vagere mukhatve che. paraMtu lekha bhIMtacitro paraMparA aMgeno hovAthI anya citrakalAnA prakAronI carcA atre asthAne che. bhIMtacitro paraMparAe kathAkathana nirUpaNano arthapUrNa upayoga ajaMtAthI zarU thayo. aMjatAnA ojasa gujarAtanA maitrakakalAnA nirdeza ApatAM tatkAlIna samayanA eTale isvIsananA sAtamA zatakanA aMtabhAganA bAdhacitromAM dekhAya che. gujarAtanA sImADe ane hAlanA madhyapradezanA bAdhagAme DuMgara para A guphAcitro jovA maLe che. tyArabAda ATalA uccakoTInA aMjatA bAdha sarakhA citrAvazeSo jovA maLatAM nathI chatAM sAhityika ullekho prAcIna che. sAhityamAM prApta vigato : bharata nATyazAstramAM prekSAgRha bhIMto zRMgArIka sauMdaryapUrNa citrothI sajAvavAnuM sUcana kareluM che. to rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata ane purANakAle varNita nagaronA rAjagRho, umarAva havelIo-makAno bhIMtacitrovALA hovAnuM kahyuM che. AthI AgaLa jaI tatkAlanI nATyanATikAomAM mahela parisare citrazAlA hovAnuM kahe che. caturbhANI bhANasaMgrahamAM to lATanA citrakAro-citArAo ahIMtahIM kucaDA laI lokonA makAnanI bhIMta citrIta karatA hovAno bhaMga thayo che.

Page #70
madhya ane anumadhyakAlIna gujarAtanAM bhIMtacitro 53 A lATa citrakAro aMjatA-ilorAnA citrasarjakonA pUrvajo hovAnI saMbhAvanA che. je DaoN.maMjulAla majamUdAre vyakta karelI che. pATaNanareza karNadeve karNasuMdarInuM bhIMtacitra joyAnuM kazmIrI kavi kalhaNe karNasuMdarI nATikAmAM varNana kareluM che to munirAmacandramaNie kumArapAle baMdhAvela jainAlayo -prAsAda-caityonI vigato kumAravihArazatakamAM ApI che. 11 hemacandrAcArya kRta triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritramAM sthUlibhadra ane kozAvArAMganA sahazayanakakSe ane kAbhittie citrIta maithuna dazyono ullekha karelo che. 12 e parathI lAge che ke tatkAle gaNikAo zayanakakSamAM kAma, zRMgAra, saMbhoga Asana dazyo uttejanA arthe citarAtA haze. bAdhaguhAcitro : AgaLa bodhaguhAno saMkSipta ullekha karelo che. A guphAonI khoja 1818mAM tatkAlIna bombe (hAla muMbaI) milITarInI esTAblizamenTanA lephTananTa DenjaraphIO karI hatI. bauddhadharma, bhagavAna tathAgata tathA emanI pUrvajanmanI jAtakakathAo, tatkAlanuM mAnavajIvana vagere TemparA paddhatie guphAcitromAM AlekhIta che. kamanasIbe havAmAna, dhasArA ane sAcavaNI abhAve, Aje bAdhaguphAcitro naSTatAne Are AvI cUkyAM che. A paristhitimAM paNa guphA 4 ane 5nI bahArI bhittie sauthI sArI sthitimAM citro hoI ene mAvajata-rakSaNathI bacAvI zakAya. Aja bhIMtanI nIcenI bAjue jAtakakathA citro aspaSTa che. tema chatAM pANI chaMTakAvathI rekhAMkano ane raMgano khyAla AvI zake che. cAra naMbaranI guhApravezadvAra AgaLathI citramAlIkA zarU thAya che. tadanusAra prAraMbhanA dazyamAM be sannArIonuM citraNa che. jemAM eka kalpAMta karatI, to bIjI ene sAMtvanA ApatI batAvI che. sAMtvanA ApatI sakhI-suMdarI e kaTipradezanA upara koI uttariya paridhAna kareluM nathI. AthI A kAminInI suDoLa dehayaSTi, ane unnata vakSaH sthaLa vagere surucIpUrNarIte darzAvyAM che. bIjA citramAM cAra puruSa AkRtio hoI, e paikI devAMzI lAgatA be puruSoe mukuTa dhAraNa karelAM che. vadhumAM ekanA mastake chatra paNa dharavAmAM AvyuM che. je ene rAjavI tarIke batAve che. beyanA alaMkAro ane citraraMga Ayojana dhyAnAkarSaka che. jamaNI taraphanA trIjA citramAM be mAnavavaMda kADhelAM che. prathamamAM nabhavihArI che puruSaAkRtio che. to nIcenA dazyamAM kADhelI strIAkRtio manohara che. je paikI eka suMdarInA karamAM vINA dhAraNa karelI che. citra atyaMta bhAvapUrNa che. cothu citra hallIsakanRtyanuM sarvottama udAharaNa che. jemAM DAbIbAju sAta strIo ane nartaka kADhelAM che. jemAM traNa yuvatIo dAMDIyA sAthe nRtyarata che. anya be maMjIrAmRdaMgathI sAtha Ape che. to bIjA dazyamAM cha strIo ane eka nartaka che. AgaLanI jemaja ahIM paNa traNa suMdarIo dAMDIyA rAsa to anya be maMjIrA-mRdaMgathI sAtha ApI rahI che. guhAzraya-5 aMtargata prANIcitranA uttama udAharaNa samA gajarAja ane pANIdAra azvanuM Alekhana che. je nagarotsava ane rAjasavArInA prasaMgo lAge che. aMtamAM kahI zakAya ke bAdhacitromAM mAtra prakAza-chAyA prasaMgo lAge che. aMtamAM kahI zakAya ke bAlacitromAM mAtra prakAza-chAyA Ayojana ja nathI paNa dviparimANamAMthI triparimANano saphaLa prayoga che. 13

Page #71
prAcIna bhIMtacitra paraMparAe phesko (Frescoe) ane TemparA(Tempera) paddhatio vaparAzamAM hatI. citrAlekhana pahelAM lIsI bhUmikarma thatuM. prathama TAMkaNAthI kocI kADhavAmAM AvatuM. pachI e para pASANa vATI taiyAra karela bhUkI, kASTavera, DAMgara, kUzakI, chANa ane mATIno lepa lagADavAmAM Avato tyArabAda cUnAnuM astara caDAvavAmAM AvatuM. ATalI vidhi bAda lekhanI vaDe gera-khAna ane khanIjadravyo nirmita raMgo puravAmAM AvatAM citrakAma ane rasAyaNIka dravyo vagerenI vigato viSNudharmottarapurANanA citrasUtramAM maLe che.14 aMjatA ane bAghanI surUcikara surekha vikasitakalAnA asta pachI AvI uccakalA jovA maLatI nathI. bAdamAM e apabhraMzarUpe jainakaLAmAM dekhAI. pazcima bhAratanAM gujarAta-rAjasthAnamAM eno vizeSa prabhAva hato. isvIsananI soLamI zatAbdImAM tibeTIyana itihAsakAra tArAnAthe prAcIna pazcima bhAratIya zailIno citrakalA ane zilpa anvaye ullekha karelo che. madhyakAle pazcima bhAratIya zailInuM kramazaH apabhraMzarUpa thatAM bhIMtacitronuM mAdhyama badalAtAM enuM sthAna tADapatra ke kAgaLa lIdhuM ane A mAdhyame e laghucitrakaLA (miniature Painting) tarIke oLakhAI. jemAM tIrthakaronI sanmukha AkRtio sivAya anya kRtiomAM doDha AMkha doDhacamI cakSuo citromAM batAvavAmAM AvyAM. mughalakAle to pazcima bhAratIya laghucitrakalAno hrAsa zarU thayo ane have doDha AMkhane badale eka cakSu laMbagoLa ke matsAkAra adhamukhadarzanavALA soLamI sadInA prAraMbhathI dekhAya che. have citramAM sthULatA dekhAya che. marAThAkAle svAmInArAyaNa saMpradAye citrakalAno punaHvikAsa karyo ane bhIMtacitromAMthI agAu laghucitrakalAnI pothIomAM samAI gayelI citrakalA punaH A hastapratomAMthI bahAra AvavA lAgI ane chabIcitra, phalakacitro temaja bhIMtacitronuM nirmANa thavA lAgyuM. have A bhIMtacitromAM vistAra Ayojana layabaddhatA ane rekhAonuM sAmartha temaja jIvaMtatA aMjatA-bAdha jevuM rahyuM nahIM. to paNa laghucitrakalAnI asara spaSTa varatAya che. jo ke gujarAtathI vadhu rAjasthAnamAM e vikAsa vadhAre hovAnuM svIkAravuM joIe. ravizaMkara rAvaLanA zabdomAM kahIe to, ajaMtAyuga AthamI gayA, pachI cIMtharehAla banelI citrakaLAne samAjanA UMcAnIcA tharomAM aneka prakAre sthAna ane saMrakSaNa maLyuM. enA chUTA chUTA namUnA rAjasthAna ane gujarAtanA makAnonI bhittie, to koI koI devAlayomAM paNa AlekhAyelA che. jemAM jANItI kathAo ke lokapriya nAyaka-nAyikAnAM kAlAMghelAM svarUpo ThAMsI dIdhA che. 15 saltanatakAle khAnamasjida dhoLakA, saiyadasAhebanA rojA-sarakheja ane cAMpAneranA utpanIta tatkAlanI keTalAMka makAnonA bhIMta paranA citrAvazeSo maLyAM che. A ja pramANe DaoN. harilAla gaudAnIe sAbarakAMThAmAM koI eka maMdiranA vitAne saMvata 1612mAM citra doryAno ullekha karelo che.'' mughalakAle gujarAtamAM jaina-hindu prAsAdo, mahela, havelIomAM bhIMtacitro jovA maLe che. jAmanagaranA darabAragaDhamAM yuddhacitro AlekhAyelAM che. IsvIsana 1591mAM dhroLa najIka bhUcaramorImAM jAma satrasAla ane mughala subedAra vaccenA yuddhaprasaMganuM dazya che. jemAM hindu-muslIma yoddhAonA paheraveza, topa ane zastronuM sacoTa Alekhana che.17

Page #72
madhya ane anumadhyakAlIna gujarAtanAM bhIMtacitro 55 kAThIyAvADa (saurASTra)mAM dAmanagara pAsenA aThAramI zatAbdInA pAMDarazIMgA nAmanA zivAlayano ullekha jarUrI che. maMdiramAM dorAyelA dazyomAM rAmAyaNa, bhAgavata, yamaloka ane samudramaMthana vagere che. jemAM rAma-lakSmaNe mukuTa dhAraNa karelo che. paNa vibhISaNane mAMgaroLI pAghaDI sAthe darzAvyA che. to apsarAo pAMkhovALI jovA maLe che. citramAM game teTalAM mAnavI samAvavA emanA kadane badalI nAkhavAno kalAkArano abhigama dhyAnAkarSaka che. kheDabrahmA tAlukAmAM AvelA keTalAMka devAlaya vitAno citrothI alaMkRta che. mahesANA jillAnA delavADAnA jainamaMdiranI chata para tIrthakaro, lakSmI, aMbikA, sarasvatInA citro dorelAM che. 19 sihoranA rAjamahelamAM amarelI najadIka Avela citaLagAma AgaLa thayela yuddha dazyo citrIta che. eka citramAM yuddha mATe tatpara sainika AtAbhAI gohIlanuM che. temaNe bhAlo dhAraNa karelo hoI, AgaLa eka sainika rAjadaMDa sAthe cAlI rahyo che.20 sihoranA rAmajI maMdiranA citro paNa so varSathI vadhu purANA che. A citromAM mahArASTrIyana asara to varatAya che. paNa strIoe saurASTra paheraveza paridhAna karelo che. A citromAM nAgadamana, rAmalIlA, rAma-rAvaNa yuddha, gajendramokSa ane prahalAda vagere kADhelAM che. zrI rAmasiMha rAThoDe agAu kacchamAM bhUjanI dvArakAnAtha jAgIranA mahaMtazrInA AvAse baLukI rekhAomAM kADhelAM bhIMtacitro joyAnuM jaNAvela che. je cUnAthI dhoLAI jatAM naSTa thaI gayAM che. aMjAramAM mekarDonA baMgalAnI mukhyakhaMDanI cAre divAlo raMgIna citrothI suzobhIta che. bhUjathI uttare AvelAM bibbaranA devamaMdiro, bhujathI kerAnA raste bhArApara gAme sujAbAnA darabAra DelImAM, ahIMnI ja zALAnI DelImAM haju rekhAMkanavALA bhIMtacitro sacavAyelA jovA maLyAM che. 23 mAMDavI pAsenA bhaMDArAnI DelImAM baLukIrekhA prAbalyavALA citro che. to abaDAsA ane terA havelImAM bhAvapUrNa ane surekha citrakAma che. saM.1929nI vijhaNa havelImAM zrIkRSNa ane devanA gaudhananA atIva suMdara citro che. 24 TUMkamAM kacchI bhIMtacitromAM rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, kRSNalIlA, devadevI, vRkSo, pazu-pakSIo, phUlavela-bhAta prANIomAM khAsa to UMTa ane azvanuM Alekhane thatuM. kvacIta bAla kADhelA dekhAya che to rAmalIlA prasaMga paNa batAvelA che. madhyagujarAtanA kheDA jillAnA salundrA gAme parabaDInA gokha tarIke oLakhAtAM sthAnake naMdIAruDha ziva citrIta che. dvibhuja devanA jamaNA hastamAM DamarU ane DAbA karamAM trizUla dhAraNa karelAM che. mukhabhAva krodhAnvita hoI, paga AMTI mArelA batAvyAM che. to parabaDInI bIjI bAjue hanumAnajI citrIta che. je para lokakalAnI asara spaSTa varatAya che. 25 vaDodarAnA tAMbekara havelInA temaja bhUja(kaccha)nA AyanA mahelanA bhIMtacitro prasiddha che. A atirikta pATaNa, kherALu, vaDanagara ane visanagara jevA zaheromAM bhIMtacitro jovA maLe che. aMgrejonA zAsanakAlamAM grAmyavistAre gharazobhA arthe divAla para geru raMge citro doravAnI prathA cAlu rahI che. je aMtargata rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata ane paurANika prasaMgonA citra dazyo rAjamahela, havelI ane dharmazALAmAM bhIMtacitro tarIke jovA maLe che. bhIMtacitro arthe pArzvanAtha ciMtAmaNI derAsara, surata jANItuM che. ahIM raMgamaMDapanA bhArapaTTo para

Page #73
56 prAcIna zrIpALa-mayaNA suMdarI jIvanacaritra, satI subhadrAkathAnaka, bhagavAnano meru parvata para janmAbhiSeka, samavasaraNa vagerenuM atIva manohara Alekhana che. to citramAM gajarAja ane azva joDatI baggI, vRkSa, prANIonA surekha citraNa che. layabaddha rIte Alekhita maMjIrAvAdIkA ane tabalAvAdaka citra dhyAnAkarSaka che. A aMtargata maMjIrAvAdIkAnI nathaNI, mahArASTrIyana DhabanI sADI temaja ekacazmI cakSu vagere dhyAnAkarSaka che. vAdyavAdako, nRtyakAro, cAmaradhArI, chaDIdharo vagere tamAma AkarSaka ane baLukI rekhAvALA dekhAya che. ghUmaTamAM paNa citrakAma che." (juo citra 15) brITIza samayakAlanA sAbarakAMThAnA gaDhA-zAmaLAjInA udita vitAna citrakAma tathA sAbalI jaina dairAsara vitAne yogamudrAmAM tIrthakara vagere suprasiddha che. samakAlIna vaDodarA jillAnA bhAdaravA gAmanA citro aMtargata raNamuklezvara zivAlayanA vitAnacitro ane pAsenI samAdhionA chata paranA citro paNa eTalAM ja khyAtanAma ane surekha che. samAdhi chata citromAM rAdhA ane gopIonuM rAsanRtya, phUlavela temaja suzobhanAtmaka bhaumitika bhAta vagere kADhelAM che. carotara pradeza rAsa gAme svAmInArAyaNa maMdira AveluM che. jyAM chatanI chAparA pAsenI nIce paDatI trikoNAkAra jagAe citro dorelAM che. je aMtargata be bAju bhayAnaka vAgha AkRtio ane madhye dharmacakra che. vAghe eka pAda sTeja upara tarapha lIdhelo che. ane vAghamukhanI jIhyA bahAra kADhelI batADI che. A atirikta gAyakavADI pAdhaDI ane paheraveza dhAraNa karelAM zamazeradhArI yoddhA, mayUra ane phUlavela suzobhana vagere citro che. nija gAme verAImAtA maMdiramAM jhAMkhA rAsalIlAnA dazyo, to gAmanA kuMbhAravADAmAM mallayuddhanA citro citarelAM che, je aMtargata mallanI moTI AkRti eka camInayano keza-mUMcha ane muSTiyuddhanuM Alekhana che. samakAlIna bhItacitro rAsagAme aMbAlAla phUlacaMda mArga para Avela eka makAnanI divAlo para jovA maLe che. vaDanagaranI sathavArAnI vADInA bhIMtacitro aMtargata eka dRzyamAM cAra bhUjALA viSNu che. jemanA hastomAM anukrame zaMkha, cakra, gadA ane padma che. rAjakuTumbanA sabhyo devane prArthatA najare caDe che. to bIjA eka citramAM pAraMpArika rAjavI vastro paridhAna karelAM rAjAne havelInI agAsIe baMduka sAthe batAvyAM che ane emanA pAda najadIke mRta vAghadeha paDelo che. umarAvo vAghano zikAra karavAmAM gaurava anubhavatAM. porabaMdaranA kasturabAnA gharamAM bhIMtacitro citrIta che. AgaLa ApaNe joI gayA chIe ke svAmInArAyaNa saMpradAyano tatkAlIna citrakalAnA vikAsamAM mahattvano phALo rahyo che. tadanusAra gaDhaDAnA 150 varSathI vadhu purANA svAmInArAyaNa maMdiranA ghuMmaTa maLe zrIkRSNa ane gopIonuM anupama rAsanRtya citareluM che. 27 to 125 varSa jUnAM vaDatAlanA svAmInArAyaNa bhagavAnanA devAlayamAM zrIkRSNa-rUkamaNI haraNa temaja devanuM rukima sAthenuM yuddha vagere citro che. Aja sthaLe gauzALAnuM zrIjI mahArAjanuM citra saMpradAya mATe atyaMta agatyanuM gaNAya che. 29 anyatra kyAMya jovA nA maLe evuM zrIjI mahArAjane ardhaparyakAsanarUpe ardhapalAMThI vALelA bhojana letAM batAvyAM che ane zrIjI mahArAje mastiSka kazuM ja dhAraNa karelA batAvyAM nathI.

Page #74
madhya ane anumadhyakAlIna gujarAtanAM bhIMtacitro pAdaTIpa : 13, 1. Indian Archaeology, A Review, p-20 2. ravi hajaranIsa, purAvastu ane kalA, pR.35 temaja pR.39 thI 24. 3. V.H. Sonwane, Rock Paintings at Tarasang, Journal of Oriental Institute, Vol.31; 1982, p.293 to 299 4. ravi hajaranIsa, uparyukta, pR.58, pAdaTIpa-9 5. uparyukta, pR.56 ane pR.58, pAdaTIpa-10 6. uparyukta, pR.56 7. ci.nAyaka bhAratIya citrakaLA eka rUparekhA, amadAvAda, 1997, pR.18 8. vatamALI, pR.197 9. gurAsAMI, graMtha-4, solaMkIkAla, prathama AvRtti, 1976, aMtargata DaoN.maMjulAla majamUdAra likhita prakaraNa 18, pR.528 10. uparyukta 11. uparyukta, pR. 229 12. uparyukta, pR.228 gurAsAMI graMtha-3, maitraka ane anumaitrakakAla, aMtargata pabubhAI bhaTTa likhita prakaraNa-17, dvitIya saMskaraNa, amadAvAda, 2004, pR.331. ahIM lekhaka triparimANa prayoga Alekhana paddhatimAM nahIM paNa jIvaMta prANIo ane mAnavAkRtiomAM thayelo hovAnuM kahe che. juo ejana, pR.331. 14. ci.nAyaka, bhAratIya citrakaLA ane rUparekhA, amadAvAda, 1997, pR.149, ci.nAyake ahIM viSNudharmottara purANa-citrasUtranA saMdarbhanI cokkasa vigato ApelI nathI. 15. ravizaMkara rAvaLa, pAMDarazIMgAnA bhIMtacitro, jarnala oNpha gujarAta rIsarca sosAyaTI, pR.1, aM.3-4, pR.177-178 16. haribhAI gaudAnI, gujarAtanA vitAna citro, gujarAta dipotsavI, vi.saM. 1926, pR.12 thI 14 17. bhUcara morInA citro ane bhUcara morInI laDAI arthe juo, pradyumna khAcara bhUcara morInI laDAI. rAjakoTa prathama AvRtti-2000, pR.34-35 tathA gurAsAMI graMtha-5, pR.492 18. ravizaMkara rAvaLa, uparyukta 19. gaudAnI, uparyukta, pR.13 20. gurAsAMI-graMtha-8, pR.539 21. rAmasiMha rAThoDa, kacchanA bhIMtacitro, kumAra-kalAaMka, saLaMga aMka-pa28, pR.98 22. uparyukta 23. rAThoDa, op.cit pR.98 24. uparyukta, pR.98 25. uparyukta, pR.98 26. vAsudeva smArta, bhAratanA bhIMtacitro, pR.89 thI 95 27. kirITakumAra dave, svAmInArAyaNa citrakaLA, pR.113 28. uparyukta 29. uparyukta

Page #75
14. gujarAtanA devAlayonI vyAla AkRtio i.sa. 1300 sudhI prAraMbhika : vyAla zAbdika arthe durguNI ke lucca (Wicked-vicious) thAya che. to viSNu ane zivanA rUpanAma tarIke paNa A zabda nirdeza che. monIyara monIyara vhilIyamsa vyAla zabdane saMbhavata : vyAdA Vyada zabda sAthe joDAyelo gaNe che. arthavaveda anusAra e upadrava ke aDapaluM karanAra durAcArI, durgaNI evo artha abhipreta che. mahAbhAratamAM vyAlane eka jagyAe sarpa ane siMha paNa kahevAmAM Avyo che. vaLI rAjana-rAjavI mATe vyAla zabdaprayoga thayelo che. Ama tamAma artha jotAM, vyAla khUMkhAra sAmarthya ane vicakSaNa buddhinuM mizrarUpa jaNAya che. griphIna (Griffin) e garUDa zIrSa, pAMkha ane siMhanI dehayaSTi dharAvatuM evuM kalpita prANI che. isApUrva bIjI zatAbdInA mauryakAlanA zveta veLukA pASANanA griphIna paTaNAthI agAu maLelAM hatAM. syuarTa pigoTanA mata anusAra koI rAjavInA beThaka-Asana (Throne)nA e aMgarUpabhAga che. je mATe prAcInakALathI siMhAsana zabda rUDha thayelo che. jemAM bAhu TekavavAnA staMbhabhAge bahutayA balAtya siMha kADhavAmAM AvatAM. amarAvatInA sUpa para traNa-cAra siMhAsananAM Alekhano che, jemanAM cheDAnA aMtabhAge makaramukha ane siMha AkRti dazyamAna che. vimakadaphIsIsanI kuSANakAlIna siMhAsanarUDha pratichaMdapratimA maLI che. A siMhAsananA staMbhabhAge siMhavyAla aMkIta che. 10 praziyAnI bahucarcitanakSI e rUstama siMhAsana ke AsananA pAyA para ziMgaDAyukta griphIna AkRti che.11 ApaNA paTaNAnA namUnAo sAthe zRMgavALA griphInane saheje sarakhAvI zakAya che. je parathI lAge che ke vyAla rUpAMkananuM mULa hakhAmIya irAna hovuM joIe. prAcInakAla mULa udgama sthAnethI bhAratamAM Agamana thayuM hoya ane ahIMnA vAtAvaraNa anurUpa enuM svarUpa vikAsa pAmyuM haze. anne samaya jatAM suzobhanamAM e rUDha thayuM hovuM joIe. sAMcInA toraNamAM pAMkhALA siMhavyA che. jyAre mauryakAlanA sapaMkha siMha ke griphInanI carcA AgaLa karI gayA chIe. guptakAla sudhImAM siMhapAMkhanuM Alekhana baMdha thaI gayuM ane vyAlane navIna AkarSaka rUpa pradAna thayuM. anuguptakAle A vAlarUpanI yAtrA bhAratanA sImADA oLaMgIne zrIlaMkA ane dakSiNa-pUrva eziyA khAsa karIne jAvA jevAM dezamAM tenuM Agamana thaI cukyuM hatuM.13

Page #76
gujarAtanA devAlayonI vyAla AkRtio 59 bhAratamAM madhyakAla uttara ane dakSiNa bhAratanA maMdironI jaMghA para e viziSTarUpe dekhAvA lAgyAM to pazcima bhAratanA gujarAta-rAjasthAnanA devAlayonA dvArazAkhe aMtima siMhazAkhe vyAla svarUpo jovA maLyAM. A samaye have to devatAo ane zaktinI ke pachI dikpAlonI khattaka maMDita pratimAo kaMDArAvA lAgI hatI. A gavAkSanA bhIMtasthaMbho saMlagna vyAla svarUpo acUka dekhAvA lAgyAM. paraMparA sthAna atirikta paNa vAri ke jalamArga para vyAla dekhA de che. 14 maMDovara to purAkadanA (Lifesize) ane dakSiNa bhAratanA maMdiro para to 8 thI 10 phUTanA vyAla kotarelAM jovA maLe che.15 vAlanI dehayaSTi siMha jevI ane TUMkA paga hoya che. keTalIka vAra vyAla ArUDha mAnavImanuSyane batAvavAmAM Ave che. A prANIno eka pAda keTalIkavAra UMco ane bIjo sIdho sthira batAvelo ane nIcenI bAjue bahutayA DhAla, talavAra, bhAlo ke anya zastra sAtheno yoddho batAvAya che. to kyAreka vyAla AkRti nIce gaja, vAnara ke zvAna jevA pazu kADhelAM hoya che. sAhityamAM vyAla : vyAlanA mukhabhedathI enAM svarUpo oLakhAya che. samarAMgaNasUtradhAra (mAlavIgraMtha)nA prakaraNa75 aMtargata zloka 27-28 ane aparAjitapRcchAnA prakaraNa-233nA zloka 2-3mAM vyAlanA 16 prakAro jaNAvyAM che. mukhyatve temAM siMha, meSa, azva, vRSabha, ane zArdUla che. je beya graMthomAM AThabhedaprakAra ekasarakhAM. jayAre ATha judA jaNAyA che. je beya maLIne 24 svarUpa thAya. madhusUdana DhAMkIe agIyAramI zatAbdInA madhya bhAgamAM racAyela samarAMgaNasUtradhAra ane bAramA zatakamAM racAyela manAtA aparAjita pRcchA nAmaka graMtha temaja adyApi aprasiddha zrIlaMkana graMtha rUpamAlAnA AdhAre nIce mujabanI vigato ApelI che. 19 krama samarAgaNa sUtradhAra aparAjitapRcchA rUpamAlA 1. siMha siMha siMha zArdUla vAgha bhAlukA rIMcha siMha 0 cha ja vRDA ra zvAna kUtaro ja mAMjara @ gaMDakI. mUMgA vArAhI bilADI geMDo bhaMDa-bhUMDaNa

Page #77
prAcInA baLada mahiSa pADo 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. gaja gaja mAtaMgI hAthI-hAthaNa. - mahiSa gaja azva kharA harINa azva azva ghoDo gadheDo aja haraNa pahADI zRMgI bakaro Ibex 16. - mAnava Contaur jemAM zira, hasta ane upalo bhAga mAnavano nIceno azvano narAzva cherub devadUta devuM bALaka kinnarI vAnara sakhAmRgA vAMdaro mUSaka uMdara Thricephallous Snake-sarSanAga tripallI traNamastaka vALo nAga bhogI sisumArINI Porposise 412424 pAMcaphUTa lAMbu-sAmudrika vhalavarganuM sastana prANI 22. trikA - gIdha, 23. gupha nAno popaTa (Parrakeet)

Page #78
kUkaDo gujarAtanA devAlayonI vyAla AkRtio 24. kukuTa kuphphaTa 25. - 26. - haMsa haMsa(nara) Gander sipI mora garUDa-vijawA 28. - garUDa ? jatuM virAlikA uparokta yAdI jotAM traNe graMthomAM siMha, hAthI, rIMcha ane vAMdaro ema cAra prakAra sarakhA che. samarAMgaNasUtradhAra ane rUpamAlAmAM vAgha, geMDo ane haraNa ekasarakhA che. prathama be pustakomAM mahiSa, azva ane popaTa(nAno) Parrakeet tathA kukTanAM nAma ekasarakhA che. aparAjitapRcchA ane rUpamAlAmAM sarpa ane mayUranA nAma sarakhA maLyAM che. samarAMgaNasUtradhAramAM ullekhIta varU, zvAna, khara, pahADI bakaro-lbex tathA 2idha vagere aparAjitakAre ApelAM nathI te ja pramANe aparAjitapRcchAmAM nirdiSTa vRSa(baLada) gheTu, nara, haMsa ane kiTu (jaMtu) vagere nAma samarAMgaNasUtradhAramAM maLatA nathI. A ja rIte rUpamAlAe ApelAM rIMcha, bilADI ? hiMsumArINI (vhalavarganuM sastana prANI) ke garUDa ? nAmono ullekha prathama beya graMthomAM maLato nathI. jJAna ratnakoza (anusolaMkIkAlIna gujarAtano graMtha) nAmanAM zilpagraMthamAM vyAlane mATe vAlaka zabda vAparyo che. gujarAta, saurASTra, ane rAjasthAnanA salATa-zilpIo ene virAlikA kahe che. hemacandranA bAramI zatAbdInA trizaSThIzalAkApuruSa graMthamAM tathA i.sa. 1412mAM racAyela vardhamAna sUrInA AcAra dinakaramAM vyAla mATe vAlA zabdaprayoga karelo che. sAthe sAthe e jainayakSI bhrakuTInuM vAhana hovAnuM emAM jaNAvyuM che. 22 vyAlane draviDa pradezamAM cAlI ke dALI nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Ave che. 23 dakSiNa bhAratamAM keTalAMka ene virAla ke virAlikA uttara gujarAta, saurASTranA zilpIonI jema ja kahe che. to orissAmAM bidAlA zabdaprayoga che. vRkSArNavamAM vyArAlikA zabda jaina parikaranA arthamAM che. ane samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra ane aparAjitapRcchAmAM vyAla zabdano vaparAza che. 25 guptakAlamAM racAyela amarakozamAM vyAlano nirdeza maLe che. jayAre jJAnaratnakoza kIrtimukha ke grAsa mATe nIce mujabanI vigata Ape che. 24 gamAnI gajarIpusukarAsvapI karanAU bhrikuTI kuTIlA mAMjaranetra mahiSAsyazrugena grAso kIrtimAna-yukto prAthamika rIte mULa siMhanA mukha sAthe krUra bhramaro, bhUMDanA kAna, bilADInI AMkho tathA mahiSa(pADA)nA chaMga (zIMgaDA) evuM kIrtimukha ke grAsanuM varNana che. je bAlamukhane maLatuM Ave che. eka mata anusAra kIrtimukhanI pazcAdabhUmAM game te paurANika bhUmikA hoya to paNa te spaSTataH vyAlamukha che. 27 jo ke prApta namUnAone AdhAre jotAM lAge che ke kIrtimukhanuM svarUpa be prakAre jovA maLe che.

Page #79
prAcInA 1. vikRtAnanA svarUpa : A prakAre e spaSTapaNe vyAla jevuM ke siMhamukha jevuM lAgatuM nathI paNa e AsurIrUpe vikRtAnana jevuM lAge che. 2. siMhamoharA pratItIkara rUpaH zarUAtanA svarUpe e nirvivAda daitya svarUpa mukha jaNAya che. jemAM samaya jatAM viziSTazailIvALu (stylize) siMhamukha pratItIkara mukha taiyAra thayuM. je cokkasa svarUpa sAdhAraNa siMhamoharu, AMkho, kAna ane evuM rUpa-rUpAMkana banyuM. DaoN. sAMkaLiyAnA mata mujaba kIrtimukha ke grAsamukha rUpAMkanono kramika vikAsa guptakAlathI che. 28 A mATe emaNe madhyapradezanA bhUmarAnA guptakALanA kIrtimukha ane ajaMTAnI vAkATakakAlanI guphAomAM kaMDArela kIrtimukha AkRtiono AdhAra lIdho che. 29 to DaoN. Ara. ena. mahetAe devanI morInA namUnAne AdhAre e kSatrapakAlathI zarU thayAnuM kahyuM che.30 devanI morInA utpanIta purAvazeSomAM pakavelI corasa iMTo prApta thaI che. je paikI be para vilakSaNa vikRtAnana AsurI mAnuSInA be caherA aMkIta che.31 to anya para keTalAMka pazumukha aMtargata eka vAgha ke siMha AkRti jovA maLI che. zakyataH kSatrapakAlIna AvA namUnAo mAMthI ja kIrtimukha svarUpa vikAsa pAmI ghaDAyuM hoya. (juo citra-16) uparokta bAbatane satya gaNIe to devanI morInI kSatrapakAlIna kRtione sauthI prAcInatama namUnAo gaNavAmAM harakata nathI ane navamI-dasamI zatAbdI parvatanA mahattama namUnAo A graMtha lekhakanA mAnavA mujaba vikRtAnana AsurI-mAnuSI moharA jevA che. e pachI cheka agiyAramAM zatakamAM emAM pheraphAra thaI viziSTazailIyukta(stylization)ne kAraNe enuM kalAmAM cokkasa siMha moharA pratitIrUpa banyuM. kadAca suzobhanArthe A rUpAMkana banyuM hoya. have muktAgrAsa ke muktAvazAla rUpAMkano deva-prAsAdo ane zaktimaMdiro para acUka aMkIta thavA lAgyA je siMhamoharA jevA AkRta thayA. vikRtAnana AsurI mAnuSI moharA jevuM zeDAnA muktAgrAsanuM 7thI 8mI sadInuM udAharaNa agatyanuM che. (juo citra-17) kAyAvarohaNanA suthAranA ovArA pAsenI bahucarcitadvArazAkha AvAM kalAtmaka suzobhano maNikozamAM kADhelAM che. A anvaye madhusUdana DhAMkInuM maMtavya rajU karavuM ucita mAnyuM che. "A suzobhanomAM vyAlanI rUDhIgata paNa sarucibharI kezavALI, skaMdha parano savAra trAsa ane varAlAdinuM saMyojana saMtulana sArue bharyuMbharyuM pUrNatAne Are zilpIka zobhanakalAnI caramasImAvALu ane sAmarthyanA pratIkarUpa lAge che."32 gujarAtanI zailotkIrNa guphAo ane devAlayonI vyAla AkRtioH bharUca jillAnA derola gAmathI agAu moTo khaMDita staMbhazIrSano sAMcI sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya evo bhAga maLyo hato. jene mauryakAlIna mAnavAmAM Ave che paNa pUratA purAvAne abhAve e anumauryakAlIna hovAno saMbhava che. zuMgonuM A pradezamAM rAjya hovA bAbata khAsa pramANo na hovAthI

Page #80
gujarAtanA devAlayonI vyAla AkRtio 63 zuMgakAlane badale sahetuka anumauryakAla zabda prayoga karyo che.33 paDaghI ke beThaka paranI cAre bAjuthI joI zakAya evAM ekamukha ane be zarIra dharAvatAM pAMkhALA siMho (108 x 108 x 60 se.mI.) jemanI mULa saMkhyA cAra hatI. paNa khaMDita be TukaDAmAM prApti samaye enA traNa hayAta siMhasvarUpo jovA maLyAM che. derolanI pAMkhALA siMhonI kRti hAla to jJAti prAcIna namUnAomAM sauthI prAcIna gaNavI joIe.34 derola pachI jUnAgaDhanI vyAla AkRtionI carcA samayAMkananA pariprekSyamAM Avazyaka bane che. prathama ahIM sthAnike khAparAkoDiyAnA mahela tarIke oLakhAtI zailotkIrNa guphAomAM kaMDArela vyAla AkRtio aMge joIe. prastuta guphAonA bahAranA staMbhachAdya para atyaMta ghasAyela vyAlanuM kaMDArakAma joI zakAya che, je pazcima eziyAnI kalA paraMparAnI yAda Ape che. pAMkhALI vyAlakRtiomAM siMhavyAla ane meSaOAlanI oLakha thaI zakI che. jUnAgaDhanA saMgrahAlayanA saMgrahamAM pASANanI cAra vyAla AkRtio che. jemAMnA siMha ane meSa vyAlanA mukhabhAva kuSANakAlIna mathurAnI vyAla AkRtio sAthe nIkaTanuM sAmya batAve che. AthI ja saMgrahAlayanA namUnAone kSatrapakAlIna gaNavAmAM harakata nathI. A atirikta A aitihAsika nagaranI bAvApyArAno maTha nAme jANIti zailotkIrNa guphAonI pUrvAbhimukha rAMganA staMbha zIrSa siMhaOAlasvarUpamAM kaMDAreluM che.35 pAMkhALI siMha AkRtio balADhya lAge che. jemanA AgalA paga UMcA batAvyAM che. mAnave kaMDArela A guhAzrayonI bIjI haroLe pravezadvAranI beya bAjue siMhavyAla kADhelAM che. to ahIM ja anya jagyAe staMbha para azvavyAla aMkIta che. Aja rIte bIjA pravezamArga AgaLa eka bIjA pIThane aDIne beThelAM paMkhavALA vanarAja mojuda che. A siMhAkRtimAM madhyeno sanmukha ane zeSa benA mukha pArthadarzane kADhelAM che. paMjAno bhAga sahajatAthI upara tarapha uThAvelo che. chAdyanA TekArUpa A pazuo ghasAyelA jarUra che, paNa emanI hiMsakatA, gati ane jusso spaSTa thAya che. jUnAgaDhanI kSatrapakAlIna uparakoTanI zailotkIrNa guphAonA taLamajale thAMbhalAnI zirAvaTI para agAunA dRSTAMto mujabanA ja siMhavyAlarUpo kADhelAM che. e paNa AgaLanI jema cAkhUNe beThAsvarUpanA vanarAja che. ane paraMparA mujaba ekamukha ane be dehayaSTi dharAvatAM zailInA che. mauryakAlathI kalAmAM dekhAtuM AvA saMyojanavALu-siMhasvarUpa kSatrapakAle khUba sAmAnya thayuM hatuM. A samayanI bharUca jillAnA jhAMjhapora pAse kaDiyADuMgara nAme oLakhAtI guphAo AvelI che. ahIM taLeTImAM vAghaNadevI nAme oLakhAtA eka ja paththaramAMthI kaMDArelA staMbhazIrSa para ekamukha ane be deyASTivALA saMyojanayukta siMhasvarUpa jovA maLe che. zAmaLAjInA dvibAhu gaNezanA pagamAM dhAraNa karelAM nUpura siMhamukhavALA che. (juo citra-9) A kAlanA alaMkAromAM grAsamukha ke siMhamukha aMkana pracalita hatuM.37 zAmaLAjIthI sAtamAM saikAnI be TukaDAmAM prApta dvArazAkhanA ekabhAgamAM vyAla saMpUrNa che.enI nIcenI gajarAjanI AkRti naSTa thayelI che. dvArazAkhanA bIjA TukaDAmAM makara, vyAla, ane hastInI manohara suzobhanarUpa AkRti AkhI bacelI che. DhAMkI AvAM traNeya suzobhanone trayI (Trio) kahe che ane te gaja-makara-vAlatrayI hovAnuM kahe che.parantu

Page #81
64 prAcInA maLatAM dRSTAMtothI eno nIcethI krama gaja-vyAla-makara hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. A rUpAMkano mATe umAkAnta zAha gajarAjane kacaDatAM siMhane sthAnika prajA sAmenI zaka-kSatraponI jItanuM pratIka gaNe che. matalaba ke sthAnika gajadhvaja sAmenI kSatraponA siMhadhvajanI e jIta che. 40 parantu A lekhakanA mAnavA mujaba gajavyAla-makara trayI suzobhano jyAM kSatraponuM rAjya nathI, e pradezomAM paNa jovA maLe che. AthI kahI zakAya ke ukta traNeya suzobhano bhAratIyakalAmAM pracalIta thayA hatAM.41 zivarAmamUrti paNa gaja-mastaka parathI prAdurbhAva pAmatAM AvA rUpAMkano kalAmAM sAmAnya thayA hovAnuM jaNAve che. gujarAta puratuM kahIe to zAmaLAjI dvArazAkha paranI lAlatrayInA rUpAMkano hAla to jJAta namUnAomAM sauthI prAcIna gaNavAmAM harakata nathI. A vyAlitrayI madhyeno hastI kaMThamALa ane mastakAbharaNa jevA alaMkArothI alaMkRta karelo che ane gajazIrSa para lAla darzAvyo nathI paNa gajarAjanA mastaka ane vyAla AkRti vacce kuDacalavelabhAta kADhelI che. ane A rIte vistAra Ayojana suzobhanakalAnuM sarasa udAharaNa thavA pAmyuM che. samaya jatAM solaMkI ane anusolaMkIkAle vyAla AkRti acUka gajazire batAvavAnuM zarU thayuM ane Ama suzobhana rUpAMkanomAM pheraphAra Avyo. meSaOAlanuM zAmaLAjInuM dRSTAMta surekha che. prastuta vyAlanA be pAda paikI eka UMco lIdhelo, jayAre bIjo kalAtmaka rIte Tekavelo che. vyAlanuM mAMsala zarIra ane zRMganI racanA kADhelI dhyAnAkarSaka che. e uparanA bhAge ADI-pahoLI sAdI paTTikA ane upalA bhAge dariyAI jaLacara rAkSasa makaranI AkRti che. ahIM e yAda rAkhavuM joIe ke bhAratIyakalAmAM makara nIrUpaNa e maghara nahI paNa kalpIta prANI che. jenAM aMga-upAMgo magharathI judA paDe che. jemake jaDabAno upalo bhAga sUMDha jevo hoya che. ahIM prastuta makara UghADA jaDabA sAtheno tIkSNa corasa daMtayukta moTI jIhyA, UbhI moTI bhramaravALI AMkha temaja sAdI kaMThamALAnA alaMkAra sahita batAvyo che. makara jANe hamaNA ja jaLamAMthI bahAra Avato jIvaMta Alekhyo che. izunA 6ThThA zataka ke kaMIka vaheluM eka vyAlamukha kadavAra gAme prasiddha varAha maMdirathI thoDeka dUra paDeluM che to varAhamaMdiranI pUjAtI varAhapratimA parisaranA dazAvatAro gavAkSa maMDita che, jenI khattakanI nAnI thAMbhalIonI beya bAjue vyAlatrayI rUpAMkano saMlagna kADhelAM che. sAtamA saikAnA aMtabhAganA ke AThamA zatakanA pUrvArdhanA roDAnA maMdiro paranA vyAlarUpo noMdhapAtra gaNAya che. roDAnA traNa naMbaranA devAlaya paranA 16 bAlarUpo DhAMkIe oLakhI batAvyA che.* be dvArazAkhanI be bAjue maLIne cAra vyAla-matalaba kula ATha vyAla svarUpo dekhAya che. je aMtargata siMha, zArdUla, azva, aja, meSa ane vRSa vagere suspaSTa che. roDAnA vyAla svarUponI mAMsala dehayaSTi suDoLa ja nathI, paNa vAstavikatA pratItIkAraka lAge che. eka tarapha samagra Alekhana jUssApUrNa ane khUMkhAra pazu jevuM che. to bIjI tarapha pucchabhAga aMte kADhelA vela zobhAMkano suzobhanakalAnI caramasImA jevA manohara che. zAmaLAjInA vyAlanI jema gaja-zira ane vyAla vacce kuDacalavela nathI. paraMtu velano zaNagAra puccha prasAraNarUpe che. je have pachI AvatI zailInuM sUcaka che. zAmaLAjI ane roDA beya dvArazAkha ane gavAkSanI racanA sAdI paTTikAthI karelI che. (juo citra-18) roDA pachInuM AThamA zatakanuM daSTAMta aNahIla pATaNanuM che. mULa bhagnAvazeSo tarIke prApta

Page #82
gujarAtanA devAlayonI vyAla AkRtio 65 thayelAM sAta khaMDa bhAgo koI eka ja devAlayanA hoI, hAla te vaDodarA saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita che.45 roDAnI jemaja ahIM dvArazAkha vaccenA staMbho para gavAkSa kADhelAM che. jemAM devI-devatAonI AkRti kaMDArelI che. gokhanI beya bAjue UbhA-sAMkaDA nAnA khattakonI racanA che. paraMtu temAM roDAnI jema vyAla batAvelA na hoI, temanI jagyAe prathamo ke gaNo kaMDAryA che. jayAre vyAlane tenI bAjunuM sthAna ApavAmAM AvyuM che. A gauNa sthAne te trayI svarUpe jovA maLe che. rUpazAkhe gaja, lAla ane Toca para makara suzobhano che. vyAyapAda pAse kuDacalavela zobhAMkano (Creeper Design) che. je zAmaLAjI prakArathI bhinna che. vyAlapaMjo gaja-mastake Tekavelo che. vyAla ane makarakaMThe motImALA ane mastakAbharaNa alaMkAro che. makaramukha UghADuM corasadaMtavALu che. AThamI zatAbdInA aMtabhAganA ke navamAM saikAnA pUrvArdhanA moDherAnA mahAgurjarazailInA be namUnA noMdhapAtra che. pArevA pASANanA koI pUrvakAlIna devAlayanI dvArazAkha ke pratimA parikaranA A be zilpakhaMDo jaNAya che. eka para viSNu ane bIjA para cAmaradhArI kaMDArelAM che. viSNupratimAnA zilpakhaMDanA UrdhvabhAge pArthadarzane jIvaMta bhAsatuM gaja-zIrSa che. A gajarAja kapole mastakAbharaNa che. sUMDha cheDethI sTeja upara lIdhI che. prANIzilpanuM e atIva suMdara udAharaNa kahI zakAze. gajazira upalA bhAge eka khaMDita nahoravALo paMjo dekhAya che. paMjA uparano bhAga saMpUrNa tUTelo hovA chatAM, e niHzaMka vyAlapaMjo che. (juo citra-20) Aja sthaLethI A zilpakhaMDo samakAlIna eka anya koI dvArazAkha ke parikarano lIlAmarakata paththarano TukaDo agAu maLelo hato. je para cAmaradhArInuM manohara zilpa kaMDAreluM che.47 e para paNa gaja-zIrSano bhAga che. jenI uparano bhAga naSTa thayelo che. chatAM e paNa gajavyAla-makaratrayIno kalAsuzobhanano prakAra hovA aMge koI saMdeha nathI. (juo citra-19) navamA zatakanA be namUnAo prastuta che. prathama umA-mahezvaranI kAzIpurAsarAra gAmanI mUrti che. je Aje i.ema.i.skula, vaDodarAnA saMgrahamAM che. jemAM pratimA staMbhonI bAhya bAjue cAlatrayI suzobhana che. je aMtargata hAla to mAtra vyAla ane makara jovA maLe che. jyAre hastInI AkRti saMpUrNa naSTa thayelI che. bIjo namUno vaDanagaranI viSNamUrtino che. je hAla gujarAta rAjaya purAtattvakhAtAnA saMgrahamAM che. jenI thAMbhalIo para trayI Alekhana che. banAsakAMThA jillAnA teravADA gAmanuM dRSTAMta dasamA saikAnuM che. je abuMdamaMDala caMdrAvatInI paramArazailInA koI pUrvakAlIna ajJAta prAsAdanA bhAgarUpa be zilpo che. je aMtargata prathama vAmabAju snAna karI, keza sukavatI suMdarInuM che. jenI vadhu carcA atre asthAne che. pratimA, to dvitIya vyAla AkRti che. jenuM Azare mApa munI bAvA ke koTAInA maMdironI vyAlakRtio jeTaluM jaNAya che. maMdiro paranA bAla dasamI sadI sudhI dekhAya che. paNa agIyAramI zatAbdImAM e nAnA svarUpe ke trayIrUpe dekhA de che. teravADA vAlamAM kaMTha nIce kezavALI nathI. goLa moTA cakSu, nAsikA, karNabhAga, motImALA ane ughADA jaDabAmAM darzAvela vALelI jIllA temaja vakSa:sthaLano pracaMDa tAkAta batAvato bhAga vagere koI uccakoTInA kalAkAranuM sarjana hovAnuM puravAra thAya che.48

Page #83
prAcInA rANakadevI maMdiranI navamA saikAnI grAsa-varAla kRti ullekhanIya che.49 jemane kAyAvarohaNa ane vaDanagaranA namUnAo sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya che. nija maMdiranA dvArazAkha trayI prakAra paNa aMkIta che. trayI maMDovaranA gavAkSa staMbho para paNa mojUda che. dasamI zatAbdImAM devAlayonI jaMghAmAM moTAkadanA vyAla rUpo che. A kAlanA pAvAgaDhanA lakulIza maMdira paranA vyAla sapramANa ane suDoLa che. haju temAM jaDatA DokAI nathI. isvIsananI dasamI sadInA madhyabhAganA thAnanA trinetrezvara mahAdevanAM maMDovare vyAlanI jagyAe savAra saha gajarAjanuM Alekhana thayeluM che. vyAlano eka ullekhanIya namUno dasamA zatakanA naSTaprAya thayelAM maMdiranAM maMDovara parano che. je gajamuMDa brekeTa para aMkIta che. 50 jemAM balADhya dehadhArI vyAlamukha ughADu ane jANe garjanA karatuM hoya ema batAvyuM che. jenA pITha para savAra ane pAda pAse yoddho batAvyo che. prAcIna maMDalIkA-mAMDalamAM gAmacorAmAM, koTanI rAMgamAM ane anya sthaLe prAcIna zilpo jovA maLe che. A zilpa-samUhamAM i.sa.nI dasamI sadInA koI pUrvakAlIna devAlayanI jaMghA paranI sUryapratimA ane lakSmInArAyaNanI mUrti ullekhanIya che. A khattaka maMDita pratimAnI thAMbhalIo para cAlatrayI che. dasamA zatakanA madhyabhAganA kacchanA koTAI zivamaMdiranI jaMghA para moTI saMkhyAmAM vyAlarUpo kADhelAM che. jeno kula AMkaDo chavvIsano che. A aMtargata pAchalI bhIMtI para zuka, sarpa, zArdUla ane siMha che. to pUrva tarapha gaja, sukara ane vRSa che. sukaranuM Alekhana atyaMta jussApUrNa che. to vRSa paNa suDoLa, dehayaSTivALo che. dakSiNa tarapha sarpa, vRSa, haraNa ane grilakAvyAla svarUpo kADhelAM che.paradasamI zatAbdInA bIjA caraNanA kerA maMdira para vyAlanuM sthAna surasuMdarIo ane devIoe lIdhuM che. uttara gujarAtanA banAsakAMThAnA pADaNa gAme atIva suMdara zivamaMdira AveluM che. jenI gokhamaMDita pratimAonA khattakanI thAMbhalIo para bAhyabAjue vyAla AkRtio kADhelI che.pa3 dasamI sadInA uttarArdhanA munIbAvAmaMdira-thAnanI jaMghA para moTA kadanA Azare bAra jeTalAM vAlarUpo jovA maLe che. 54 je koTAInI vyAlakRtionI yAda Ape che. munIbAvAnI gajavyA ane vRSavyAla dhyAnAkarSaka che. bhUja saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita dasamA saikAnI kerAnI nAyikA zilpanA gavAkSanI thAMbhalIo para cAlatrayI jovA maLe che. kacchanA aMjAranuM bhadrezvara devAlaya dasamI zatAbdImAM aMtabhAganuM che. enA maMDovaranA vyAlarUpo kalAnI dRSTie astAcaLa taraphanA che. vadhu paDato zailI jhoka (Stylization) bAlarUpone beDoLa banAve che. 55 jema ke siMha ane gajavyAlanA lAMbA pAda, vakSa:sthaLano sAMkaDo thato bhAga ane garadana vagaranuM nAnuM zIrSa vagere beDoLatA nathI to zuM che? pazcimabhAratamAM A kAle lAla pITha para savAra ane vyAla paga pAse yoddhAnuM citraNa avazya jovA maLe che. somanAtha maMdirane phejha-1 (dasamI zatAbdIno aMtabhAga) tathA phejha-3 (i.sa.1169) para vAlarUpo che. paraMtu vyAlane badale pITha para AruDha svArane vadhu prAdhAnya ApeluM spaSTa thAya che. to agiyAramI sadImAM to maMdira paranA vyAla svarUpo adRzya thayelA jaNAya che ane vyAlarUponI jagyAe

Page #84
gujarAtanA devAlayonI vyAla AkRtio have UbhA svarUpe tapa karatAM munIo ke tapasvIonA Alekhana jovA maLe che. jo ke cAla gauNa svarUpe gavAkSa bhIttasthaMbho para trayInA rUpe cAlu rahyAM che. jo ke apavAdarUpe agiyAramAM saikAnA pUrvArdhanA koI maMdiranA maMDovarano zilpakhaMDa mahesANA jillAnA pAnasara gAme lekhakane jovA maLyo hato.pa7 je moTI kadanA vyAla rUpano che. sAthe sAthe gavAkSa staMbho saMlagna gauNarUpe trayInA svarUpo paNa jovA maLe che. AthI kahI zakAya ke moTIkadanA vAlarUpo ane gauNa thatAM cAlatrayInA nAnA rUpono saMkrAtI kAlano namUno che. uttaragujarAtanA vAlamamaMdiranA maMDapanI vedikA para vyAlarUpa che. to agIyAramAM zatakanA mahesANA jillAnA bhAkhara gAmanA sUryamaMdiranA khattaka staMbho para vyAlatrayI jovA maLe che. AvI ja vyAlatrayI siddhapuranA rUdramahAla ane banAsakAMThAnA vAvagAmanA kapilezvara mahAdeva (i.sa.nI agIyAramI sadI)nA bhadragavAkSanI thAMbhalIo saMlagna vyAlatrayI che. huM to prAyaH agIyAramI zatAbdInA aMtabhAganA koI maMdira jaMghA paranI surendranagara jillAnA suMdarabhavAnI gAmanI aMdhakAsuravadha pratimAnA gokhanI thAMbhalIone saMlagna vyAlatrayI che. jemanI gaja ane makaranI AkRtio naSTa thayelI che. isvIsananA agIyAramI zatAbdInA aMtabhAganI ke bAramA zatakanA pUrvArdhanI keTalIka zAlabhaMjikAo ke apsarA zilpo ema. esa. yunivarsiTI opha baroDAnA bhAratIya saMskRti ane purAvastuvidyA vibhAganA saMgrahamAM surakSita che. A samUha paikI naMbara 4, 5, 6 ane 7 naMbaranI mUrtionA gokharUMbho para vyAlatrayI dekhAya che. 60 teramAM saikAnI eka bhairava pratimA mahesANA jillAnA aMbAsaNa gAmanI che. jenA staMbho para vyAlatrayI jovA maLe che. A trayI para khAsa vividhatA have dekhAtI nathI. AthI lAMbI trayInI yAdI ApavI vyartha che. aMtamAM ukta carcAthI, griphIna-vyAla enuM mULa udbhavasthAna hakhAmanIya irAnamAM che. jenuM Agamana ApaNA dezamAM pUrvakAle thayuM hoya. vyAlanA prakAra mukhabhedathI bhinnabhinna svarUpavALA che. enuM varNana samarAMgaNasUtradhAra ane aparAjitapRcchAmAM apAyeluM che. rUpamAlAmAM paNa emanA varNana che. gujarAtanA maMdiro paranA vyAla, muktAgrAsa ane varAlAdI zobhAMkano vagere temaja vyAlatrayInI vivecanA-kIrtimukha vagere vistArathI joI gayA. samApanamAM zilpazAstramAM varNita zloka prastuta che. atha kIrtimukhAyAmi grAsa makara saMdhi / virANI virANe jivhApaMcadhA parikIrtitA // 20 // tadanusAra kIrtimukha, nAga, grAsa, makara ane virAlI(vAla) A pAMca jIvo-prANIo zilpakRtinA alaMkArarUpa manAya che. 61

Page #85
68 prAcIna pAdaTIpa : 9. V. S. Apate, Sanskrit English Dictionary, Bombay 1912, p.899 2. Ibid 3. Monier Monier williams, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Delhi, 1953, P.1038 4. Ibid 4. Ibid 6. Ibid 7. Stuart Piggot, Throne Fragments From Pataliputra, Ancient India, No-4, Appendix. P.101 8. Ibid 9. Ibid, page.102, 10. stuart Piggot, op-cit, p.102 11. Ibid 12. Ibid, vadhu mATe juo, raseza jamInadAra, kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta itihAsa ane saMskRti, amadAvAda, 2006, pR.327-329 ane Ancient India, No.4, p.102 M. A. Dhaky, The Vyala Figures on The Mediaeval Temples of India, Varanasi, 1965, page 11 14. prabhAzaMra somapurA, bhAratIya zilpasaMhitA (hindI) kuMva, 1975, p.53 15. uparyukta 16. uparyukta 17. uparyukta 18. uparyukta 19. M. A. Dhaky, op-cit, page 16 and 17 . M. A. Dhaky op-cit, page 30, F.Note-5. jo ke prabhAzaMkara somapurA A ja graMthanI racanAno samayakAla dazamA zatakano gaNe che. juo : somapurA zilpasaMhitA (Hindi), page-53 21. prabhAzaMkara o. somapurA, op-cit, page-53 22. M. A. Dhaky, op-cit, page-30, F.N.5. 23. uparyukta 24. uparyukta 25. uparyukta 26. uparyukta, pR.15.

Page #86
gujarAtanA devAlayonI vyAla AkRtio 27. kIrtimukhanI saMpUrNa carcA mATe juo . C. Ganguli (Ed) A note on Kirtimukha being The life History of an Indian Architectural Ornament, Rupam, Quarterly Journal of Orientral Art No.1, Jan., 1910, p.13, tathA juo ravi hajaranIsa, vaDanagaranAM keTalAMka zilpo, vaDanagara jesIsa smaraNikA, 1983 pR.7. vaLI juo : Ravi Hajarnis, Jiana-Pravaha, R.J.No.XVI, 2012-13, p.103-109. RC. H. D. Sankalia, Archaeology of Gujarat, (Including Kathiawar), Bombay, 1940, p.122 Re. Ibid 30. Ara. ena. mahetA, gujarAtane maLela zilpa-sthApatyano vAraso, 1968, pR.53-55 39. R. N. Mehta and S. N. Chowdhary, Excavation at Devnimori Baroda, 1966, plate LXI | A, C. 32. madhusUdana DhAMkI, kaliMga ane kauntalIya devamaMdironA zobhAMkano, rAjaratna nAnajI kAlIdAsa mahetA smRtigraMtha, pR.800 33. guzisaevi., pR.4 34. lokasattA, dainika, maMgaLavAra, tA. 23mI jUna 1981 hAlamAM derolanI A kRti bharUcanA jI.ena. epha.sI. nagaramAM khaseDavAmAM AvI che. jyAM e naSTatAne Are hoI, ene rakSaNa-mAvajatanI tAkIde jarUra 35. raseza jamInadAra, bAvApyArAnI guphAo dharma ane samayanA pariprekSyamAM, pathika, sapTe-okTobara, 1975, pR.53 thI 59. 36. guzisaevi. pR.12, citra-6 37. uparyukta 36. Dhaky, J.G.R.S., p.296 39. caMvini. aMtargata ravi hajaranIsa, gujarAtanAM vyAla zilpo (I.sa.1300), pR.85. YO. U. P. Shah, Ancient Sculptures from Gujrat and Saourastra, Journal of Indian Museum, Vol, XIX, 1966, p.17 to 28 41. ravi hajaranIsa, uparyukta, pR.85 42. ravi hajaranIsa, op-cit, pR.85 83. U. P. Shah, Sculputres from samlaji and Roda, Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallary, 1960, plate 61-61A on page 86. 44. M. A. Dhaky, op-cit, p.296. 84. M. A. Dhaky, Late Gupta Sculptures from Patan Anhilwad - Reviewed, Bulletin of Baroda Museum and Picture Gallary, Vol XIX, 1966 46. ravi hajaranIsa, moDherAnA mahAgurjarazailInA zilpakhaMDo, svAdhyAya, pR.20, aMka-2, jAnyu 1983, pR.187 88, citra-2 tathA juo ravi hajaranIsa, prAcInA, pR.47 thI 49. 47. gaudAnI ane DhAMkI, gujarAtanI keTalIka navI zodhAyelI maitraka, mahAgurjara ane AghasolaMkIkAlIna pratimAo, svAdhyAya, 5.10, aM.2, phebruArI 1983

Page #87
70 prAcInA 48. teravADAnA sarvekSaNa daramyAna gAmanA tatkAlanA sarapaMcazrI (nAma smaraNamAM nathI)no sahAya mATe lekhaka AbhAra mAne che. teozrI ane gAmanA moTAbhAganA loko muslIma hovA chatAM, emaNe zilpone ApeluM rakSaNa, ane sAMskRtika vAraso jALavaNI mATeno prema kAbIle tArIpha che. 49. saurASTranA anveSaNa vakhate sAthe anveSaka tarIke rahevA mATe lekhaka jUnI peDhInA vidvAna ane citrakAra zrI maNIbhAI mIstrI ane emanA sAthI evA prasiddha chAyAkAra zrI prANalAla zAha (beya have sadUgata)nA RNI 40. M. A. Dhaky, The Vyala Figures on the Mediaeval Temples of India, Varanasi, 1965, .-20. 49. M. A. Dhaky, JOGRS, op.cit. para. uparyukta, pR.297 43. Goudani and Dhaky, some Newly Discovered and less-known Maru-Gujara Temples in Northern Gujarat. Journal of Oriental Institute Vol. XVII, No.2, December 1967, plate-2 48. Dhaky, JOGRS, p.297 55. Ibid, p.297 56. Ibid 57. ravi hajaranIsa, caM.vi.ni. pR.90 58. caMvini, op-cit 59. ravi hajaranIsa, lakulIzanI eka apragaTa pratimA, vidyApITha, jAnyu-phebru, 1981, citra-2 FO. R. N. Mehta, Eight Marble Images from the University Garden Baroda Journal of the M. S. University of Baroda, Vol, VI, No.1, March 1957, plate 4, 5, 6 and 7 61. prabhAzaMkara somapurA, bhAratIya zilpasaMhitA, pR.16

Page #88
15. vRSabha-naMdI, sAhitya ane kalAmAM (gujarAtanA pariprekSyamAM) madhyapUrvanA dezomAM prAgU-aitihAsikayuge vRSabhapUjA pracalita hatI. vizvanAM ghaNe sthaLe enA astitvanA pramANo maLelAM che. asIrIyanakalAmAM pAMkhALA baLadanuM nirmANa thayuM. pAMkho devatvanI sUcaka hatI. prAcIna misaranA (ijipta) sIrIsa devano avatAra epIsavRSa gaNAto. prAgaitihAsika AphrIkanakalAmAM vRSabhane sUryanI oLakha maLI cUkI hatI. A pAraMpArika mAnyatA misaranI kalAmAM vRSanA be zRMga vacce sUryano goLAkAra batAvavAnI rIte cAlu rahyAnuM jovA maLe che. prAcIna, madhya ane AjasudhI vRSabhanuM sAmarthya enA ziMgaDAmAM samAyeluM hovAnI mAnyatA che ane A kAraNe ja vRSazRMga balADhayatva ane sAmarthyanuM pratIka gaNAya che. krITana loko ziMgaDAmAM sAmarthya sAthe phaLadrupatA paNa samAyelI hovAnuM mAne che. vizvanA AdhAra sUryane vRSaprakAza tarIke bebIlonIyana loko oLakhe che.* tAmrAzmakAlamAM (chalcolithic Period) vRSabhapaMtha - Cult of Bull nuM astitva siMdha, paMjAba, balucIstAna ane gujarAtamAM hovAnA eMdhANa maLyAM che. haDappana ane anya tAmrAzmayugIna vasAhatomAMthI prApta mudrAo para moTI saMkhyAmAM Akhalo aMkIta karelo che. gujarAtanI prAgaitihAsika zailacitrakalAmAM bhAratanA anya bhAganI jema AkhA lAlaraMga bharelAM (Red washed) pazucitro maLelAM che. A aMtargata A lekhake zodhelAM sAbarakAMThAnA citro paikI sApAvADAnA guphA naM.3mAM anya pazu ane pratIka cihno samIpe eka bAyasana-jaMgalI vRSano deha kADhelo che. jenA DAbA ziMgaDA para sUryano goLAkAra batAvyo che. gujarAtanA A addabhUta prastara citra sarakhu misarane bAda karatA duniyAnA koI guphAcitromAM maLyAMnuM jANamAM nathI. zuM? misaranI jema AphrIkana kalAnI vRSa-sUryanI kalpanA sAMpAvADAmAM sAkAra thaI che ke je vRSabhapaMthano citra nirdeza kare che. Aja guphAmAMthI lekhakane alpamAtrAmAM laghuazma ojAro (microliths) jaDyAM hatAM. (juo citra-1). haDappA sabhyatA pahelAMnI tAmrAzmayugIna balucistAnanA uttara-dakSiNanI jheba ane kullI saMskRtio anerI mahattvanI gaNAya che. kRSi AdhArIta beya saMskRtio emanI uttaraavasthAmAM siMdhusabhyatAmAM laya pAmI. ane AthI ja jheba-kullInI asara haDappA sabhyatA para paDI. samagra vizvane pahelavahelA sughATyakalA (plastic art)nA darzana jheba ane kullInI kalAmAM jovA maLyAM. ane sughATyakalAno saMpUrNa vikAsa AvanAra haDappIyakalAmAM jovA maLyo.

Page #89
72 prAcInA khUMdhavALA ane khUdha vagaranA jhebU AkhalA ane kullInI vRSabhakRtioja haDappIya godhA(ox)nA niHsaMzaya moDela hatAM. je AdhAre ja siMdhukalAmAM paNa be prakAre godhAnuM sarjana thayuM. A aMtargata prathama prakAre kadAvara brahmANI AkhalA ane bIjA yuvAnavayanA dekhAtA godhA. brahmANI AkhalA emanI moTI AgaLa AvatI khAMdha ane lAMbA, urdhva jaI aMte goLa vaLelA zIMgaDA temaja kadAvara dekhAva mATe jANItA hatAM. A atirikta Doka nIcenI godaDI ane e paranI paDatI karacalIo vAstavadarzI che. jyAre bIjA prakAre ghaDAyelA vRSabha kizoravayanA dekhAtA hoI e khUMdha vagaranA che. enA TUMkA kAna ane nAnA zIMgaDA paNa yuvAvayano nirdeza kare che. emano ekaMdare dekhAva jussApUrNa, taravarATavALo, jANe ke hamaNAM ja gothu mAre evA kaMDArAyelA che. A atirikta baLada AkRti vipula pramANamAM haDappana mudrAo para kADhelI che. ramakaDAM jevA purAvazeSo paNa vRSabhakRtio vALA jovA maLe che. tatkAle siMdha, balucistAna, paMjAba, gujarAta ane saurASTramAMthI vRSabhapaMtha (cult of Bull)nA nirdeza maLelAM che. RgvadamAM indrane vAraMvAra vRSabha kahevAmAM Avyo che. to kyAreka agni ane prasaMgopAta dasyusa ane anya devo mATe paNa vRSabha saMbodhana che. RgvadamAM vRSabha vizeSaNa rUdra mATe paNa vaparAyuM che. eka vedika yajJamAM to vRSabhane rUdra pratinidhinA sthAne gaNavAmAM Avyo che. vaLI arthavaveda ane saptapada brAhmaNamAM vRSabhane indrarUpa gaNavAmAM Avyo che. A tamAma vivecanAthI spaSTa thAya che, ke vRSabha zabdaprayoga rUdra atirikta indra, agni, dasyusa ane anya devo mATe paNa vAparavAmAM Avyo che. uparokta tamAma asamaMjasatAno aMta anuvedakAle (Post Vedic Period) AvI jAya che. eTaluM ja nahIM A kAle ziva ane vRSabhano arasaparasano saMbaMdha prasthApita thaI cukyo che. mahAkAvyo ane purANomAM maLatA varNanonusAra vRSabha zivavAhana nandI che. eno artha e thAya che ke A samaya sudhImAM vRSabhe zivavAhana nandI tarIke zaiva parivAramAM potAnuM AgavuM sthAna, matalaba ke zivagaNonA pramukha temaja mukhya zivasevaka tarIke meLavI lIdhuM hatuM. eTaluM ja nahIM, have emane nandIna, nandIkezvara, ke adhikAra nandI jevA nAmAbhidhAna paNa maLI cukyAM hatAM. A tamAma nAma svarUponA vRttAMto maLe che. liMgapurANa, viSNudharmottara, zivamahApurANa, bhAgavatapurANa ane rAmAyaNanA varNanonusAra nandIkezvarane zivasarakhA (Anthropomorphic Form) ke pachI vRSabhamukha-nandImukha mAnava (Therio-Anthropomorphic Form) jevA darzAvavA nA joIe paNa nandIne saMpUrNa prANIsvarUpe (Theriopomorphic Form)mAM ja batAvavAno Adeza che ane A nandI svarUpanuM varNana A ukta sAhityamAMthI maLI rahe che. eTaluM ja nahIM dhArmika graMtho atirikta sAhityamAM paNa vigato maLI rahe che. kumArasaMbhavamAM kAlidAsa anusAra zivanA tathAkathita kailAsa sthAnakanA praveza AgaLano kSetrarakSaka ane saMtrI nadI che. AthI badhAne zAMti jALavavAnA sUcana arthe e jamaNAkaranI aMgulI svamukhe rAkhe che ane koNIthI vALelA vAma bAhumAM sonAno daMDUko paNa rAkhe che. rAmAyaNanI vigato

Page #90
73 vRSabha-naMdI, sAhitya ane kalAmAM (gujarAtanA pariprekSyamAM) anusAra nandI majabUta dedhyaSTi dharAvatA kaththaI raMganA, paNa ThIMgaNA ane TUMkA hAthavALA che. vadhumAM sAmAnya dekhAve e vAMdarA (vInararUpa) jevA hovAnuM kahyuM che. mahAbhArata, vAyupurANa, matsyapurANa, bhAgavatapurANa, ane vAmana purANa vagere anusAra nandI e zivagaNa pramukha ane zivanA mukhyasevaka che. eka anya paraMparA anusAra nandIne vRSabhamukhI mAnavadehavALA ghaDavA joIe. je adhikAranaMdI hoya, emane AbehUba ziva sarakhA batAvavA joIe. ApaNane A prakAranI pratimAo dakSiNa bhAratIya zivAlayomAM jovA maLe che. adhikAranaMdInI vigato zivapurANa, liMgapurANa ane bhAgavatapurANamAMthI maLI rahe che. eka nayanaramya suMdara adhikAranadImUrti saMskRta yunivarsiTI myujhiyama, vArANasInA saMgrahamAM hoI agatyanI gaNAya che. purAvastukIya pramANo pramANe joIe to vRSabhadevavAhana hovAnI kalpanA i.sa. pUrve prathama zatAbdI pahelAMnI che. tatkAlanA gAMdhArapradezanA eka sikkA para vRSabharUpa ziva AkRta che. ane kuSANasattA bhAratIya pradezamAM prasthApita thatAM, A sattAnA prAraMbhakAla sudhImAM nandI zivavAhana hovAnI kalpanA sarva svIkRta thaI cukI hatI. kuSANakAla e pratimA vidhAna (Iconography making period)nI zarUAtano samaya. jeno sarvAgI vikAsa guptakAlamAM saMpUrNa thatA pratimA vidhAnanA nizcita devI-devatA svarUpo vAhana saha astitvamAM AvyAM. A aMgenA mApatAla ane vigato sahitanA sAhityanI racanA anuguptakAla sudhImAM thaI cukI hatI. have, purAtatvIya sAdhanonA pramANo tapAsIe. basarAthI pUnarane keTalIka mudrAo maLI hatI. jenA para zaivapratIko sAthe khUMdhavALo poThIyo AkRta che. je kAraNe vidvajano ene zaivamudrAo mAne che. 27bhITTAnA khodakAmamAMthI sara jayona mArzalane eka AvI ja mudrA (seal) prApta thaI hatI. jenA para zaivapratIko sAthe vRSabha dorelo che. inDiyana myujhiyama, kalakattAnA saMgrahamAM surakSita kuSANakAlanA aMtabhAganI naMdI ArUDha-caturbhuja zivanI pratimA che. ziva, ziva svarUpo - naTarAja, vaNAdharaziva, vIrabhadra, ardhanArIzvara, zaiva devIo, pArvatI, mahezvarI ke ziva-pArvatInI yugala pratimAomAM naMdI vAhananI AgaLa ke aDhelIne AkarSakapaNe UbhA svarUpamAM batAvAya che. uparokta prakAre kuSANakAlanA aMtabhAganI, guptakAla, ane anuguptakAlIna saMkhyAbaMdha pratimAo maLe che je A viSaya (Theme)nI lokapriyatA batAve che. zivAlayomAM garbhagRha bahAra maMDapa ke guDhamaMDapa ane dakSiNamAM alaga naMdImaMDapamAM naMdInI prANIdehayukta (Zoomorphic Form)mAM mUrti jovA maLe che. je samayAnusAranI zailIe paraMparAgatarUpe ghaDAyelI hoya che. jemAM prAdezika tattvo ke sthAnika laDhaNa jovA maLe. naMdI sevakarUpe zivaliMga sAme animeSa dRSTie jotA hoya che. zivajInA A saMtrI UbhaDaka beThake kaMDArelAM hoya che. jenI vigato masyapurANamAMthI maLe che.29 A atirikta bRhatsaMhitA, viSNudharmottara purANa, agnipurANa, zukranIti, mayamatam ane devatAmUrtiprakaraNa vagere paNa A aMgenA nirdezo Ape che.

Page #91
74 prAcInA prAsAdamaMDanamAM jaNAvyA anusAra mUrtinI UMcAInA nava bhAga karavA temAMthI pAMca, cha, athavA sAta bhAga jeTalI vAhananI UMcAI rAkhavI. e anusAra mUrtinA guhya, nAbhi athavA stanabhAga jeTalI vAhananI UMcAI rAkhavI. A pramANe traNa traNa prakAre vAhananI UMcAI jANavI.30 A ja graMthanA 21mAM zlokamAM jaNAvyuM che, ke vAhananI UMcAI mUrtinA caraNa, jAnu athavA kamara sudhI daSTi rahe te pramANe rAkhavI. naMdInI UMcAI zivaliMganA viSNubhAga arthAt jalAdhArI sudhI ane sUryanA vAhananI UMcAI mUrtinA stanabhAga sudhI jANavI.31 aparAjitapRcchA mujaba naMdIvAhananI UMcAI zivaliMganA viSNubhAga sudhI daSTi rahe te pramANe karavI. je sthAnamAM dRSTi rAkhavAnuM kahyuM che, te sthAnamAM nA hoya to duHkhakAraka che. uparokta sthAnathI daSTi nIcI rahe to sukhano nAza kare ane UMcI dRSTi rahe to sthAna hAnI thAya. AthI nirdiSTa sthAnamAM ja vAhananI dRSTi rahe e muktinA sukhanI devAvALI che. vadhumAM graMtha alaMkAronI tathA anya bAbatonI paNa mAhiti Ape che. e anusAra naMdI ke naMdIkezvarane alaMkArothI vibhUSita karavo joIe ane modaka sahitanuM modakapAtra naMdImukha pAse rAkhavuM joIe. naMdI e anekoneka aMgaupAMgo dharAvatAM maMdiranA jaTila sthApatyano bhAga che. to naMdIzilpa tarIke je te samayakAla ane prAdezika vistAranA jIvaMta godhAnuM praNAlIgata, pratIkAtmaka ke rUpAtmaka AbehUba pASANamAM kaMDAreluM svarUpa che. jenI bhUSaNakSamatA uccakoTInA kalAkAranA TAMkaNe nirbhara che. mukhya kalAzailImAM vividha prAdezikakalAnA samanvayAtmaka (Synthesis)nA ekIkaraNarUpa (fusion) uttara bhAratanI keTalIka naMdI pratimAo manohara utkRSTa namUnArUpa to che paNa vizALakAya ane saMvedanakSamatAnA spaMdana jagADatI dakSiNa bhAratanI vRSavAhana pratimAo badamAM ziramora che. DhAMkInA jaNAvyA mujaba traNa naMdIsthAna dakSiNanA prAsAdomAM jovA maLe che.? 1. garbhagRha sammukha dRSTi rAkhatuM ardhamaMDapa bahAranuM sthAna 2. vimAnanA cAre khUNA tarapha dhyAnAkarSaka karavA mukAyelA naMdI 3. maMdira prAkAra bhIMta Toca para AMzIka pratIkAtmaka ane AMzIka suzobhanAtmaka mukAyelI naMdI mUrtio. Akhare to naMdI pratimAo graMthomAM apAyela pratimAvidhAna mujabanI ghaDAyelI hovAthI e tamAma beThA svarUpanI lagabhaga eka jevI hoya che. A paikI keTalIka sAdI to anya alaMkRta hoya. aparAjitapRcchAmAM AgaLa joI gayA, e mujaba naMdIne AbhUSaNothI alaMkRta karavAnuM kahyuM che. jemAM sAMkaLa, ghaMTamAlA ane mastakAbharaNa (maNIrekhA) jevA AbhuSaNo hoya che. keTalAMkamAM zRMgAbharaNa ane pITha para gUMthaNavALuM kapaDuM jovA maLe che. bAramA zatakanI madhyapradezanA cAnapuragAmanI eka naMdIpratimA noMdhanIya che. jenA DokamAM ghaMTIvALI ghUrgharamALa ane pITha para khUMdhapaTa je cheka prANIdehanA pAchalA bhAgane paNa DhAMkelo rAkhe che. vadhumAM garadanahArane cipakIne eka surekha gaNa AkRti che.34 mA. AbunA prasiddha acalezvara mahAdevanA paTAMgaNanA pittaLanI eka mahAkAya naMdI pratimA paDelI che. je DokamAM sAMkaLa ane

Page #92
75 vRSabha-naMdI, sAhitya ane kalAmAM gujarAtanA pariprekSyamAM) hAranA yathocita AbhuSaNothI upayukta che. 05 AvI ja eka vizALa naMdIpratimA DhAMkA (bAMglAdeza)nA myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. jenuM mULa prAptisthAna pharIdapura jillAnuM DAyAbhoga gAma che. ullekhanIya eTale khAMdha pharate be hAra batAvyAM che. vadhumAM pITha para jADu bharatakAmavALu kapaDuM dhyAnAkarSaka che. jenA vaDe pazunA pucchabhAgathI garadana parvatano agrabhAga AcchAdIta che.* kAyAvarohaNathI vemakaDaphIsIsa (i.sa.40-70)no eka sikko prApta che. jenA para naMdInI AgaLa ziva UbhA svarUpe kaMDArAyA che. athavA ema kaho, ke vRSavAhanane aDhelIne ziva UbhA che. gujarAtanuM vRSavAhana sAthenuM A DhabanuM sauthI prAcIna udAharaNa gaNI zakAya.37 A ja prakArane vRSavAhanane aDhelIne UbhA svarUpanI deva AkRti kSatrapa rUdrasena trIjAnA sikkA para paNa jovA maLe che. kSatrapa sikkAo paranI vRSabha AkRti emano zaivadharma pratyeno jhukAva gaNI zakAya. gujarAta ane saurASTramAMthI prApta namUnAo para paNa vRSabha aMkIta che. 39 DaoN. Ara. ena mahetAne nagarAnA utpananamAMthI madhyakALanI eka mudrA maLI hatI. jemAM eka khoDeluM trizUla hoI, enI bAjumAM beThA svarUpano nandI kADhelo che. maitrakonuM to rAjacihna ja vRSabha hatuM. AthI svAbhAvika rIte ja maitraka sikkAo ane keTalIka tatkAlIna mudrAo para naMdI AkRta che. A silasilo cheka caulukya ke solaMkI kAlamAM paNa cAlu rahyAnuM tatkAlanA abhilekhonA patarA paranI beThA svarUpanI naMdI AkRti puravAra kare che. TUMkamAM A paraMparA lAMbA samaya sudhI cAlu rahI hatI. graMtha lekhake devatA saMlagna vRSavAhana ane svataMtra naMdIzilpo ema be bhAgamAM vaheMcIne saMzodhana niSkarSa ahIM raju karyo che. 42 1. mUrti saMlagna vRSavAhana : zaiva devatAo, ziva, vIrabhadra, ardhanArIzvara, zaivadevIo mahezvarI, umA ane haragIrI ke umA-mahezvara vagere pratimAo sAthe je naMdI vAhana tarIke kaMDArAya che. 2. svataMtra-pUrNamUrti naMdI zilpo jemanA cArekorathI darzana thAya. naMdI zivaliMga tarapha dRSTi rAkhatuM jaTila devAlaya sthApatya bhAgarUpa graMthastha niyamonusAra ghaDAya che. 1. mUrti saMlagna vRSavAhanaH saurASTranA amarelInA gohIlavADanA TiMbAnA utpananamAMthI eka mATInI (T.C.) takatI-Plaque maLela. jeno samaya kSatrapa-kuSANakALano che. takatI para vRSabhArUDha zivapArvatInI AkRti che. adyApi paryaMtano vRSavAhana tarIkeno jJAta prAcInatama namUno gaNavAmAM harakata nathI. pI.ela.inAmadArane pUrve iDara saMsthAnanA zAmaLAjI, TIMToI, kuMDhola ane devanI morI 24174412411 Cazaziziell Uzal 4242-1 (The dark blue on greenish blue schist stone) zilpo maLelAM. A zilpasamUha hAla vaDodarA saMgrahAlaya ane citrAlayanA saMgrahamAM surakSita che. jemano samaya kSatrapa, gupta ane anuguptakAlIna gaNAya che. A vizvavikhyAta zilpa-kRtio paikI kSatrapakAlanA aMta bhAganA zAmaLAjInA dvibAhu zivanuM zilpa enA vAhana arthe prastuta che. naMdI ghaDatara dhULa ane kadAvara bhAse che. dhaDatara sAthe AbhUSaNo paNa tatkAlIna paraMparAnA che. 45 kSatrapAlano aMtabhAga eTale

Page #93
76 prAcIna cothI zatAbdInA uttarArdha gaNAya. A samaye e gujarAtanI kalAprAgaTyano saMkrAMtIkAla che. A samayakAle pracalIta kSatrapakalA to che ja paNa navIna AvanAra guptakalAno vartAro maLI rahe che. ane A tamAmamAM prAdezikatAnA aMzonA samanvaya (fusion)nI asara samajavAnI che. A dizAmAM kSatrapakAlanA zarUAtanA keTalAMka zilpo mathurAnI asara ane lokakalAnA tattvo spaSTa ujAgara kare che. zivanA caraNa pAse banne tarapha ThIMgaNA anucaro che. A paikI jamaNI bAjunA dvibhujamaNa AkRtinA vAma udghakoNIthI vALelA hastamAM modaka sAthenuM modakapAtra che. AvuM alaMkRta modakapAtra naMdImukha pAse dharavAnI sevakanI manohara ceSTA agAu zilpamAM joyAnuM jANamAM nathI. je AvanAra kalAnA eMdhANa ApI rahe che. A ja sthaLanI dvibAhu zivanI samakAlIna mAtRkA mahezvarInI khaMDita paNa noMdhanIya pratimA che. saddabhAgye devInuM vRSavAhana akhaMDa che. je aMtargata prANI ghaDataranI tamAma kSatrapakAlIna vigato, jemake naMdInA nAnA karNa, TUMkA zRMga ane alaMkAro khAsa karIne AkAle AviSkAra pAmela sihamukhayukta ghUgharamALa vagere mojUda che. prANIzilpa arthe guptakAlIna, pAMcamAM saikAnA be zilpo prastuta che. prathama zAmaLAjI samUhanuM virabhadra zivanuM che. paraMparA mujaba agAu sarakhI hibAhu devanI naMdIne aDhelIne UbhA rahevAnI laDhaNa jovA maLe che. parantu pahelAMnI sthULatA ke kaMIka aMze akkaDatAne badale have guptakAlIna najAkata ane sukomaLatA deha sauSThavamAM jovA maLe che. prANIdeha ane alaMkAromAM jhINavaTabharyakAma ane saphAI, have AbhuSaNomAM dhyAna kheMce che. dvitIya zilpa ardhanArIzvaranuM sAbarakAMThAnA bAyaDa tAlukAnA ToTuMgAmanuM che.47 A zilpa temaja anya zilpono lIlA marata pASANano (The dark blue on greenish blue schist stone) gupta ane anuguptakAlIna zilpa-samUha graMtha lekhakane sarvekSaNa daramyAna jovA maLyo hato. ardhanArIzvaranA vRSavAhananA pAchalAkALanA TUMkA karNa, TUMkA zRMga ane alaMkAro mojUda che. paNa guptakalAnI denarUpa moTA netro paranI ardhabIDela pAMpaNo eka tarapha prANIne ardhanimIlita AMkho e naMdInuM dhyAnastha sevakabhAva batAvatuM rUpa, to bIjI tarapha phUlelA naskorAthI chAkoTA bharato pracaMDa tAkAtavALo bhayapreraka Akhalo, e tejasvitA sAthe balADhyatvanA ajaba bharyAbharyA saMtulana ane samanvayanA pratIkarUpe che. anuguptakAlanA vihaMgAvalokana mATe chaThThA saikAnA be zilpo prastuta che. prathama pratimA vRSavAhane aDhelIne UbhelA gaurIzaMkaranI pArevA paththaranI ane sAbarakAMThAnA gaDhAgAmanI che. hAla e baroDA saMgrahAlaya ane citrAlaya, vaDodarAnA saMgrahamAM surakSita che. samagra zilpanuM pratimAvidhAna, devatA ane vAhananI ghaDatara zailI temaja alaMkAro AgalAyuganI rUDhIgata paraMparAnA ghAtaka che. paNa emAM tAjagIno abhAva vartAya che. 48 dvitIya zilpa naMdI aDhelIne UbhelAM gaurIzaMkaranuM che. kAyAvarohaNagAmanuM A zilpa gAmanA suthAranA ovArA pAsenA eka nAnA maMdiramAM hoI, gAmaloko dvArA pUjana-arcana thAya che. 49 ApaNe AgaLa joI gayA e anusAra naMdIne aDhelIne AkarSakapaNe UbhA svarUpanuM zaiva deva, devI ke yugalarUpa gujarAtamAM kSatrapakAlathI AviSkAra pAmyuM. je para mathurAzailInI svAbhAvika asara varatAya che. A laDhaNa mUrtividhAnanuM pAraMpArika svarUpa guptakAlamAM

Page #94
vRSabha-naMdI, sAhitya ane kalAmAM gujarAtanA pariprekSyamAM) saMpUrNa vikAsa pAmeluM ane anuguptakAle ke tatpazcAta cAlu rahyuM hatuM. A saMdarbhe kAyAvarohaNanI savAlavALI gaurIzaMkara pratimA agatyanI che. philmamAM prAdezikakalAnA aMzo saha chellA tabakkAnA guptakalAnI asarano vartAro che. chaTAbhera pAchaLa UbhelA vAhana naMdInuM bhAre-majabUta mastaka tathA pahoLu kapALa A vistAranA jIvaMta baLadanuM, tAdRzya citraNa lAge che. jhINavaTathI jotAM pazunA be paga vacce lAkaDAno TukaDo ke doraDA jevuM aspaSTa bhAse che. mArakaNA baLadane kAbUmAM rAkhavA kheDUto A rIta aMjamAvatA hovAnuM carotaramAM nAnapaNamAM joyAnuM graMtha lekhakanA smaraNamAM che. naMdIne aDhelIne AkarSaka bhaMgImAM batAvelAM UbhA svarUpanA ziva ane anya zaiva devI-devatA temaja ziva-pArvatInI pratimAo gujarAtamAM kSatrapakAlathI jovA maLe che. jeno AviSkAra mathurAkalAmAM thayo hoya. jeno samaya kuSANakAla eTale pratimAvidhAnanI zarUAta hoya. jenuM nizcitarUpa ane saMpUrNa vikAsa guptakAlamAM jovA maLe che. je pazcima bhAratamAM khAsa karIne rAjasthAna ane gujarAtamAM paNa A rUpavidhAna pracalIta thayuM. je anuguptakAla jevA lAMbA samaya sudhI atyaMta lokapriya rahyuM. pArthamAM naMdI ke naMdI aDhelIne UbhA svarUpanI devapratimAo aMge ApaNe vigate joI gayA. have deva-devInA naMdI ArUDha ke temanA caraNa pAse kaMDArela vRSavAhananI carcA saMkSiptamAM prastuta che. kAyAvarohaNanI mahezvarInuM vRSavAhana gurjara pratihAra samayamAM eTale ke AThamA-navamA saikAnuM che. 50 je para agAunA praNAlIgata rUDhI rIvAjo anusAranA mastakAbharaNa ane ghUgharamALa mojuda che. paNa A siMhamukhayukta ghUgharamALanA madhyamAM ghaMTikAnuM navIna umeraNa che. vRSa khaMDita chatA eno ekadara damAma, ardhanimIlita AMkho, mukhabhAva vagere AkarSaka che. hAlamAM A zilpa vaDodarA saMgrahAlayanA saMgrahamAM surakSita che. vaDodarA saMgrahAlayanI mULa roDA gAmanI umA mahezvaranI naMdI ArUDha pratimA navamA zatakanI che. veLukA pASANamAMthI kaMDArAyelI mUrtimAM eka aMtyata capaLa, vegavAna ane suMdara zarIra sauSThavavALA vRSabhanuM Alekhana thayuM che. naMdImukhanI najAkatabharI heja nIce jhukAvIne upara ziva-pArvatI tarapha jovAnI ceSTA mArdavapUrNa lAge che. pAchalAyuganA yuvAvayano nirdeza karatA TUMkA zRMga ane karNa cAlu rahyA che. kapole e kAlanI mastakAbharaNaphIta paNa cAlu che. parantu have DokamAM niSpamAlA (Necklace of coin dicks) dhAraNa karelI che. pUrvakAlIna naMdI pratimAonA garadananA aMlakAromAM camarImALa ke ghUgharamALa jovA maLe. jyAre ahIM niSThamAlA prathamavAra pheraphAra sUcave che. vRSAbhArUDha ziva pArvatInI mUrtinA pramANamAM vRSabha sapramANatAthI kaMDArela che. atyaMta sajIva lAgato naMdI tatkAlanA prANIzilponuM utkRSTa udAharaNa che. 51 uparokta bAbatathI e spaSTa thAya che, ke navamAM saikA ane pachI AdyasolaMkIkAlanA dasamI zatAbdI sudhInA zilpomAM vAhana saMlagna devatAone anurUpa dhyAne rAkhIne sapramANa ghaDAtA dasamA zatakanI zivapArvatInI vRSabhArUDha pratimA varaNAmA gAmanI hoI ukta vAtane puSTI Ape che. jemAM vAhanamukha khaMDita chatAM prANIzilpanI sauSThavapUrNa suMdaratA dhyAnAkarSaka che.para dasamI ane agIyAramI

Page #95
78 prAcIna zatAbdInA zilpomAM vaividhya sAthe haju RjutA ane jIvaMtatA dhabake che. 11mA saikAnI vRSabha pratimAomAM camarA ane niSpamALA-ghUgharamALane badale have alaMkRta evI ghUgharamALa dekhA de che. bAramA zatakamAM moTAkadanA zilpo ghaDAyelAM najare caDe che. bhavyatA hovA chatAM, emAM jaDatA kaMIka aMze akkaDatA dRSTigocara thAya che. jo ke AgalI zatAbdInA alaMkAro ane zailImAM pheraphAra nathI. solaMkIzailInI asara teramA saikA ane tyArabAda lAMbA samaya sudhI spaSTa dekhAya che. A kAlanI mUrtio lekha saMdarbhe prANI zilpo ochA mArdavapUrNa hovA chatAM cittAkarSaka che. jyAM sudhI devatAonA prANIvAhano agAu jema sapramANa rahyAM e deva-devIonI dehayaSTine anurUpa mApatAlamAM ghaDAyA. paNa have e kaMDAraNa nimnastaranuM nAnI AkRtimAM dekhAya che. jo ke nandI ane garUDajInI svataMtra pratimAo hovAthI cittAkarSaka che. A sadInA vyaktizilpo (Portrait Sculptures) manamohaka che. agIyAramA-bAramA zatakanI prAcIna somanAtha maMdiranI sthApatyanA bhAgarUpe naTezanI pratimA suMdara che. ahIM devavAhana nandI devanRtya nihALavAmAM tallIna kADhelo che. e jANe nRtyanA tAle saMtulana rAkhato pAchalo eka paga AgaLa ane Agalo eka pAda sTeja UMcakato ane bAkInA zeSacaraNo para Ubho che.pa3 bAramA-teramAM saikAnI, koTezvaranA gaurIzaMkara pratimAnI pramANamAM nAnI AkRtimAM nandI gaurInA jhulatA caraNane snehapUrNarIte cATavAnI ceSTA karI rahyo che. je koI kalAkAre prANIceSTAne AbehUba paththaramAM tarAzI che. 54 A sAthe ja teramAM zataka sudhInA deva saMlagna nandI vAhananI carcA pUrNa karIe ane cAre korathI nihALI zakAya evA nandI zilponI vicAraNA karIe. cAre korathI joI zakAya evA nandI zilpo gujarAtano sauthI moTo ane prAcInatama nadI vaDodarA pAsenA goraja (prAcIna mahAdevapurA) gAmano gaNI zakAya. vAtAvaraNa tApa-taDako ane varSothI Aje to ene ghasAro lAgela che. chatAM uccakoTInA kalAkAre sthAnika jAtInA AkhalAnuM AbehUba pASANamAM sarjana karyuM che. A vizALa nadInI mULa jagyA ke nandImaMDapa tapAsavA bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNakhAtAnA pazcima vartuLa, vaDodarAnA utpananakartAonI TIma dvArA eka nAnI khAI (Trench) nAkhavAmAM AvI hatI. phaLa svarUpa nukazAnI iMTerI mALakhu jovA maLyuM. je cAra thara batAve che. 55 zakyataH Aja vizALa nadInI beThakano bhAga hovo joIe. jo ke ahIMthI khaseDIne hAla to ene gorajanA Adhunika zivAlaya sanmukhe mUkelA che. mULa lekhako bI.ema.pAnDe ane nArAyaNa vyAsanA maMtavya anusAra A nadI maitrakakAlano che.pa6 parantu goreja nandI tatkAlanI zAmaLAjI skulanI zailI ane laDhaNamAM tarAzAyelo che. je kSatrapakAlanA aMtabhAganA ke guptakalAnA zarUAtanA lakSaNo batAvI rahe che. AthI ja ene maitrakakAlA pahelAM ane kSatrapakAlanA uttarArdha saheje mUkI zakAze.pa7 vaLI nandI kSatrapakAlIna iMTonuM mALakhu-beThakanI khodANadhAra (cutting) parathI maLI AvyAnuM sUcaka hoI, e paNa A lekhakanA samayAMkanane spaSTa puSTi Ape che. tema chatAM vadhu purAvA ane saMzodhanane avakAza che.

Page #96
79 vRSabha-naMdI, sAhitya ane kalAmAM (gujarAtanA pariprekSyamAM) maitrakakAlIna chaThThA zatakanI lIlA marakata pASANanI zAmaLAjInI be vRSaH pratimAo adyApi paryata gujarAta mATe to sauthI prAcIna gaNAtI hatI. parantu goraja utpanana ane ahIMnI nandI pratimAnA saMzodhana bAda have tema gaNavAnI koI aupacArikatA rahetI nathI. - zAmaLAjInI raNachoDajI maMdiranI nandI pratimA hAla muMbaInA chatrapati zivAjI saMgrahAlaya (pahelAMnuM prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyama-vesTarna inDiyA)nA saMgrahamAM surakSita che. 59 naMdImukhano agra thoDoka bhAga ane zIMgaDA khaMDita che. Doka nIcenI godaDI paranA saLa, khUMdha ane besavAnI prANInI Dhaba atyaMta vAstavadarzI lAge che. AmaLA paDelI bhAtavALI doraDA jevI sAMkaLa DokamAM paridhAna karelI che. je zAmaLAjInA dvibhuja zivanA vRSa vAhane garadanamAM dhAraNa karela sAMkaLa sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya che. prastuta zAmaLAjI nandImAM eka ghUghara bAda camarI pahoLA paTTAmAM lagAvIne AkhIye ghUghara-camarImALa, je koTa pAchaLathI sarakatI batAvelI che. je ghUghara-camarImALAnI alaMkArIkatA sadI bAdanA sAMDhIDA nandImAM paNa jovA maLe che. beThakAdhIna vRSabhanI bIjI tarapha yoddho? ane madhyamAM modakapAtra kADhelAM che. zAmaLAjInI vaDodarA saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita nadI mukhabhAgathI ane zIMgaDAthI khaMDita chatAM, atIva suMdara bhAse che. DokamAM agAunI jema sAMkaLa hoI, zAmaLAjInA vIrabhadrazivanA vRSavAhananI dhAraNa karela sAMkaLa sAthe nikaTanuM sAmya batAve che. naMdIno moTo DoLo ziva taraphano samaparNabhAva batAvI rahe che. garadana nIcenI godaDInA saLa surekha che. moTI khUMdha pAchaLathI jatI ghUgharamALa AkarSaka lAge che. visAmAmAM beThelA prANIzilpanuM kaMDAraNa pauruSatva, joma, utsAha ane zaktinuM rUpa lAge che.60 tamAma bAbatonA saMyojana ane saMtulana batAvato nandI uccakoTInA kalAkAranI dena che. DhAMkInA jaNAvyA anusAra prastuta vRSabha karnATa nadInI keTalIka vizeSatA dharAve che. 1 pramANamAM ochI jANIti zAmaLAjInI eka nAnI nandI pratimA baroDA myujhiyama enDa piksara gelarI, vaDodarAnA saMgrahamAM che. matalaba ke zAmaLAjInI pArevA pASANanI kula traNa mUrtio thaI. A nAnA nandIno mukhabhAga, zRMga ane khUMdha tUTelAM che. anya vigato ghUghara-camarImALa, sAMkaLa ane mastakAbharaNa rItanA alaMkAro agAu jevAM ja pAraMpArika che. je pratimAne uparokta beya nandI mUrtinI samakAlIna Therave che. isvIsananA chaThThA zatakanI nandI pratimAomAM sAbarakAMThAnA bAyaDa tAlukAnA ToTugAmanI vRSabhamUrtino agatyano umero thayo che. je beThaka sAthenI lIlA marakatapASANanI hoI, A vistAramAM tatkAlIna samayanA zivAlayano nirdeza karI jAya che. poThIyAnI AgaLa AvatI khUMdha temaja garadana nIcenI godaDInI racanA vAstavadarzI che. je muMbaInA chatrapati zivAjI saMgrahAlayanI zAmaLAjInI raNachoDajI maMdiravALI vRSabha pratimA sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya che. mUrtinA vRSabha naskorA, zIMgaDA, keTaloka mukhabhAga temaja tAmasanI AkRti vagere tUTelAM che. DokamAM ghAtucana ane koTa pAchaLathI sarakatI jatI ghUghara camarAmALA paherAvelI che. vizALa naMdI kapola para mastakAbharaNaphIta dekhAya che. 63 sAtamI zatAbdInA namUnAomAM valabhIpura najadIkanA sAMDhIDA gAmanI vRSapratimAnuM viziSTa

Page #97
80 prAcInA sthAna che. kharatA paththaranI A nandImUrti gAmanA sAMDhezvara mahAdevanA maMdiramAM mUkelI che. mukhabhAga ane zIMgaDA khaMDita che. agAunI sAkaLane badale have garadane alaMkRta paTTo dekhAya che. jayAre sAdA ane lAsA karelA paTTA para cUrdhara ane AMtare camarI kADhelI che. A ghUghara-camarImALA koTa pAchaLathI sarakatI batAvI che. prANInA pagamAM kAMbI-kaDalAM paherAvelA che. sAMDhIMDA naMdI aMge DhAMkInA maMtavya anusAra "sAMDhIDA nadI dehAkRtino upADa alpa rekhAonA chanda vinyAsathI TAMkaNAne ghATa uThAvavA pUratuM ane aMgaupAMgone spaSTa karavA pUratuM ja vAparIne karelo che. drAviDadezamAM pallavakAlIna kalAmAM apanAvAyelI kevalatA para bhAra mUkanArI "Tekanika' ne maLatI Tekanika ahIM prayukta thaI che..."64 eka vizALa moTI raMga karelI maitrakakAlIna nandI pratimA valabhipura (vaLA) gAmanA siddhezvara mahAdevanI prasiddha che. 65 sthAnike aNadhaDa rIte samArakAma karI vRSabhanA mAthAne joDI Apela che. raMgarogANa ane samArakAme eka surekha poThIyAnI prAcInatAne nisaMzaya hAnI pahoMcADelI che. kAyAvarohaNa gAmanA rAjarAjezvara zivAlayano nandI kadamAM nAno (47459437 se.mI.) paNa atyaMta dhyAnAkarSaka che. manohara zarIra sauSThava batAvatI A kRtImAM Doka kaMIka TUMkI che. khUMdha AgaLa AvatI balADhyatvanA pratIka samI lAge che. AMtarIka zakti ane joma sAthe sajIvatA dekhAya che. tamAma vigato, alaMkAro jotA vRSabhapratimAne sAtamI zatAbdInA aMtabhAge mUkI zakAya.67 Aja gAmanA suthAranA ovArA najadIkanI AThamA saikAnI eka anya nandI pratimA ahIM raju karI che. je nandImukhabhAga ane zIMgaDAthI khaMDita che. tema chatAM enI vAstavadarzI dehayaSTi ane Doka-garadananI ghaMTA-ghUgharamALanuM jhINavaTabharyakAma dhyAnAkarSaka che. Aja pratimAnI samakAlIna eka naMdI zilpa lekhakane sarvekSaNa samaye vaDodarAnA pratApanagaranA detezvara gAmanA taLAva kinAre paDelI jovA maLI hatI. je tamAma rIte AgaLanA alaMkAro ane evuM ja pAraMpArika prANIdeha dhaDatara dharAve che. 8 parantu AThamI zatAbdI no atyaMta suMdara namUno vaDodarAnI i.ema.i.skulanA saMgrahamAM surakSita che. je bharUca jillAnA liMbaja gAmanI che. keTalAka mukhabhAga ane zIMgaDA tUTelAM che. koTano bhAga sazakta rekhAothI kaMDArAyo che. sAtamA saikAmAM khUMdhabhAga moTo ane AgaLa Avato batAvAya che. ahIM khAMdha kaMIka nAnI ane AgaLa AvatI darzAvela nathI. pUrvenI sadI mujabanI DokamAM sAMkaLa che ane vartamAna zatakanA rUpAMkana samI ghaTamALa khUMdha pAchaLathI sarakatI ghUgharamALanI jagyA le che. 19 gujarAtanI sauthI moTI vizALa nandI pratimAo paikInI eka naDiyAda pAsenA devagAmanA gopezvara mahAdevanI veLukA pASANanI che. (10x64pa411) mukhabhAga atizaya nUkazAna pAmelo che. navInatAmAM DokamAM doraDu dhAraNa kareluM che ane ghUgharamALa koTa pAchaLathI sarakAvI che. atirikta pAchalA pagamAM toDo paherAvelo che. mukha pAsenA modakapAtra ane tAmasa kaMDArakAma koI kAraNasara adhUrU choDeluM che. aMgaghaTanamAM kevaLatAno prabhAva, ghUgharamALa prakAra ane vaLAMkAo jotAM, DhAMkI dAkSiNAtya asarane kAraNe rASTrakuTa samayamAM ochAmAM ochu navamI zatAbdInA pUrvArdhano gaNe che. devagAmano artha ghaDAyela namUno kayA kAraNe ardhatakSaNavALo che. je tatkAlanI ghaDatara prakriyA para prakAza pADI zake, paNa A AzA nahIvata che. kAraNa ahIM mAtra modakapAtra ane tamasa choDI dIdhA che. jo AvA vadhu namUnAo maLI Ave

Page #98
vRSabha-naMdI, sAhitya ane kalAmAM (gujarAtanA pariprekSyamAM) 81 to e caukkasa sahAyarUpa bane. A anusaMdhAna ahIM mahArASTranA moregAvanA nandInuM dRSTAMta raju karyuM che. zilpakAre ahIM prathama bAhya prANIdeha AkAra kADhelo che. pachI bAhyarekhA aMtargata bahAranA bInajarUrI lavacIka bhAgone TAMkaNAthI dUra karelAM che. ane e dvArA tamAma saMpUrNa vigato meLavI kArya pUrNatA meLavAya che ane Ama eka sauSThavapUrNa alaMkArovALA madhyakAlIna nandInuM nirmANa thAya che. jo ke gujarAta-saurASTra vistAranI vRSabha pratimAo Aja TekanikathI kaMDArAtI hatI ke kema ? e hAlane tabakke kahevuM muzkela che. sAbarakAMThAnA maToDA gAmano nandI karNa ane zRMga bhAgathI khaMDita che. lAbuM pAtaLu thatu moTu mastaka, vizALa kapola, phUlelA naskorA ane moTI pahoLI ughADI AMkho vagere dhyAnAkarSaka hoI, vRSabhane suMdara dekhAva Ape che. godaDI modakapAtranA pArzvamAM kADhelI che. garadane dhAtu paTo, to niSkamAlA khUMdha pachavADethI sarakatI hoI, madhyamAM gAMTha pasAra thatI goLAkAra (loop) banAve che. maToDA vRSabha dasamA saikAno manohara namUno kahI zakAya. dasamI-agIyAramI sadInI eka zIrSa ane khAMdha tUTelI vRSabha pratimA mA.pAvAgaDhanA lakulIza maMdira pAse mUkelI che. jemAM prANIdehanI besavAnI Dhaba ane AbhuSaNo agAu sarakhA rUDhIgata che.* graMtha lekhakane sarvekSaNa daramyAna vaDodarAnA pratApanagara vistAranA samIpe AvelAM daMtezvaragAmanA taLAvanA pUrvIya taTa para eka tUTelI ane oIla-peinTa nandI pratimA jovA maLI hatI. jenA DaoNkamAM doraDuM, naMdI pIThe ghUgharamALA ane kapole maNIrekhAnA alaMkAra suzobhano che. pazumukha AgaLa modaka, kunIkA ane gaNa AkRti che. tulanAtmaka rIte datezvaranA poThIyAne agIyAramA/bAramA zatakamAM saheje mUkI zakAze. dAhoda jillAnA garabADA gAmano velkApASANano manohara nandI agIyAramI zatAbdIno che.75 IMga baTakelA to naMdI mukhano thoDoka bhAga tUTelo hoI, maLelo nathI. godaDInI cAmaDInA saLa rUDha saMketonusAra have zailImaya stylized thayelA varatAya che. matalaba agAunaisargIka racanAne badale have solaMkIkAla sudhImAM AgavI zailIgata jovA maLe che. suzobhanAtmaka hAra paNa aupacArika banI rahe che. garadane moTI ghaMTA bAMdhelo surekha alaMkRta paTo navI tarAhanI DijhAinavALo che. A rIte ja ghUgharacamarImAlA ke niSThamAlAnI jagA, have atyaMta suzobhita maNIratna ane phUlanA DijhAInavALA alaMkRta paTAe lIdhuM che. dhAtunA A paTAnuM kAma atyaMta jhINavaTabharyuM che. chatAM paga ane khUdha kaMIka akkaDa lAge che. TUMkamAM kahI zakAya ke haju prANIzilpamAM sajIvatA dhabake che. gujarAtanI adyApiparvatanI ekamAtra jJAta salekha naMdI pratimA 6 kheDA jillAnA mahiSA gAmanI che. zilpanA caherAno keTaloka bhAga nAsikA ane zIMgaDA khaMDita che. DokamAM zRMkhalArUpImAlA ane tUTI gayelAM zRMgamULanA ugamabhAga AsapAsanuM traNaserInuM zRMgAbharaNanuM AbharaNa haju joI zakAya che. koMTa nIcethI sarakatI pAMcaserI pagatI ghUgharamALa vRSa:vakSasthaLane AvaratI ane jANe tvacAne coTelI dhyAnAkarSaka che. eka bAju balADhaya sauSThavapUrNa naMdInI ghaTatAthI besavAnI Dhaba che. to bIjI tarapha enA

Page #99
82. prAcInA moTA ughADA netromAM sevakano ziva mATeno namra samarpita bhAva jovA maLe che. vRSa pratimA karNATanI nandImUrtionI keTalIka lAkSaNikatA batAve che. DhAMkI kalAzailI ane lekhane AdhAre prastuta nandIzilpane .sa.1569mAM mUke che. AjathI Azare trIseka varSo pahelAM aMkalezvara (prAcIna akrUrezvara) myunisipAliTInI khodANa kAryavAhI daramyAna atyaMta dhasAyela paNa vizALakAya nadI maLela. je kenanI madadathI kADhavAmAM Avela. tatkAlIna samaye pATanagaranI zobhA arthe gAMdhInagara gulAba udyAna khAte mUkavAmAM Avyo hato. jo ke hAla gAMdhInagaramAM ke anyatra enA sthAna aMgenI koI jANa lekhakane nathI. zilpano mukhabhAga ane zRMga khaMDita che. koTa pAchaLathI sarakatI ghUgharamALa thoDoka AgaLano bhAga pazumukha sanmukha kADhelA modakapAtranA pachavADethI AkarSaka rIte jato batAvyo che. bAramI zatAbdImAM moTA ane vizALa zilponuM ghaDatara thatuM. ghasAyela hovA chatAM, dastAvejarUpe nandIne raju karAyo che.78 dAhoda (prAcIna dadhipura)no zIrSa vihIna paNa vAstavadarzI nandI teramA zatakano che. jene tamAma aupacArika alaMkAro paherAvavAmAM AvyA che. vadhu anya koI khAsa vizeSatA nathI. jo ke teramI zatAbdIno sarvottama paNa khaMDita nandI vaDodarA jillAnA mUMDAva gAme jovA maLyo che. jeno thoDoka mukhabhAga, nitaMba ane pITha vacceno upalo keTaloka alpabhAga tathA garadana nIce godaDInuM nIcaluM aMga vagere tUTelAM che. chatAMye godaDInI zeSa cAmaDI paranI vallIo Abehuba kADhelI che. DokamAM beserImALAnuM doraDuM paherAvavAmAM AvyuM che. koTa pAchaLathI sarakatI niSkamAlAnA upalAM aMkoDA ghUgharAnI paTTikAmAM parovelAM che. AthI poThIyo jarA sarakhI paNa hAlacAla kare to kevo madhura saMgItanA tAle raNakAra thato haze ! e to kalpanA ja karavAnI rahe. ekaMdare damAmavALo vRSabha AMtarika joma, balAtyatA ane jivatatAnA pratIka samo bhAse che. aMtamAM bharUca jillAnA kAvi vistAranI 12mA 13mA saikAnI nandI pratimAno ullekha jarUrI che. hAla A suMdara nandIzilpa i.ema.i.skula, vaDodarAnA maMdiranA parisaramAM surakSita che. vRSabhane ceIna, ghUgharamALa ane alpa AbhuSaNothI sajAvelo che. uparokta abhyAsanA niSkarSa anvaye prathama vibhAgamAM devatA saMlagna naMdI vAhananI carcA karavAmAM AvI che. A aMtargata e beThArUpe ke UbhA svarUpe raju karAyo che. UbhA svarUpamAM e judI judI aMgabhaMgImAM dekhAya che. jema ke mAthu nIce karI phUlelA naskorAthI chIkoTA bharato jussAvALo ane gussAvALo goLo. to bIjI tarapha AkarSakapaNe zIrSa heja nIce karI, UrdhvamAM laIne ziva-pArvatI tarapha jovAnI enI ceSTA adbhuta che. je khUba manamohaka lAge che. eka anya kRtimAM kaMDArAyelo utkRSTa vRSabha nRtyamAM rata che. mudrAo ane sikkAo para aMkIta vRSa AkRtio beThA svarUpanI ke ubhaDaka beThA svarUpanI vAstuzAstranA pharamAne kADhelI pAraMpArika che. jeno artha e thayo ke devatA saMlagna naMdI vAhano mATe koI pratimAvidhAnanA koI graMthastha nItI niyamo bAdhya nahotA. AthI zilpIoe potAnI kalpanA, sarjakatA, anubhava ane sUjhabUjha pramANe mUrtio ghaDelI che. uccakoTInA kalAkArone prANInA mijAja

Page #100
vRSabha-naMdI, sAhitya ane kalAmAM (gujarAtanA pariprekSyamAM) 83 ane emanI rojIMdI Tevo vagereno saMpUrNa khyAla hato. ane A nirIkSaNa ane anubhavanI hAthoTIthI emaNe pazunA aMgaupAMgo vAstavikatAthI batAvavAno supare prayAsa karyo che. ane saphaLatA hAMsala karI che. A sAthe emaNe mULakalAdhArA sAthe prAdezika asara batAvatAM viziSTa kalAzelI tattvo (Idiom)nuM saMyojana (Fusion) ApaNe samajavAnuM che. A prAdezika viziSTatA jevI ke AkhalAnuM bhAre-majabUta mAthu (massive head), bhavya kapola (broad Temple), phUlelA naskorAM (inflated nostrils) vagere agatyanA che. sAthe sAthe sthAnika prAdezika pazu-olAda (Local breed)nI jANakArI atyaMta Avazyaka che. uccakoTInA kalAkAre to ukta tamAma bAbato lakSamAM rAkhI paraMparA heThaLa pASANamAM nadIne kaMDAryo che. zarUAtanA naMdI vAhano yuvAvayanA, joma ane taravarATavALA, TIkhaLI ane suMdara prANIdehavALA tarAzelAM che. nAnA kAna, TUMkA zIMgaDA paNa kizoravayano ja nirdeza kare che. vaLI salAToe to pazuno naTakhaTa svabhAva, ramatiyALa bhAva paNa nandI philmomAM supere ujAgara karelo che. dA.ta. mULa roDAnI ane hAla vaDodarA saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita navamA saikAnI vRSabhArUDha umA-mahezvara pratimAM jemAM vAhana poThIyAno potAnI jamIna tarapha jovAnI mukhanI ceSTA ane tema karatA urdhva, ziva tarapha mugdhatAthI nihALavAno bhAva abhUta che. anya eka daSTAMtamAM devI pArvatInA caraNane nandImukhathI sparza karavAnI ceSTA che. je prANInA premano sahajabhAva batAve che. bIjA bhAgamAM svataMtra naMdI zilpo aMtargata beThA svarUpanuM naMdI Alekhana pAraMpArika, rUDhIgata ane graMthastha niyamonusAra che. jemAM pAchalA naMdIpAda AgaLa laI, AgaLanA ghUMTaNathI vALI pAchaLa lIdhelA batAvelA hoya che. gAya-baLadanI vizrAnti samaye besavAnI rojIMdI TevanuM AbehUba paththaramAM Alekhana che. Ama ucca koTInA kalAkAre tarAzavAnI kalAmAM tajjJatA aMke karI lIdhI hovAnuM naMdI zilpo parathI kahI zakAya. A jJAna pAraMpArika vArasAgatarUpe zilpakAroe pachInI peDhIne ApyuM. naMdIne zRMgabharaNa, maNIrekhA (mastakabharaNa), doraDuM ke cena vagere jevA AbhuSaNono zaNagAra karAto. madhyakAlanI garabADA nandI pratimA (11mI sadIno pUrvAdha)mAM doraDAne AgaLa ghaMTIkA bAMdhelI che. I.sa. 1269nI mahiSAnI vRSabhamUrtimAM godaDInI sImIta thatI vallIo utkIrNa rekhAothI goLAkAre zailImaya batAvelI che. pazunI khAMdha paNa zarUAtanI pUrvakAlIna pratimAomAM moTI AgaLa AvatI naigika ghaDelI che. je AgaLa jatAM, sAMDhIDAnA apavAdane bAdha karatAM madhyakAlIna nandI zilpomAM zailImaya nAnI ane kaMIka aMze jaDa khUMdhamAM pariName che. samayanusAra mukhya kalApravAha (main Art stream) ane graMsthasta niyamo atirikta kalAkAra mATe to AsapAsanuM pazujagata ja preraNA hatuM. nandI zilpo mATe prAdezika kAMkarejI kuLanI olAdo ke anya paricita pazcima bhAratIya AkhalAo ja moDela hatAM. jene prAdezikatAnA viziSTa aMzo (Idiom) kahI zakAze. Ama mukhyakalApravAha sAthenAM prAdezikatAnA tANAvANA eka suMdara kalArUpanuM nirmANa kare che.

Page #101
84 prAcIna gujarAtanI nandI pratimAomAM karNATanI vizeSatAo paNa daSTigocara thAya che. pUrvakAlIna zAmaLAjI, madhyakAlIna sAMDhIDA (sAtamI zatAbdI) liMbaja (AThamuM zataka) temaja salekha .sa.1069nI mahiSAnI nandI pratimA vagere ene pramANita kare che. dakSiNAtya pallavakAlIna kevalatA TekanikamAM pazudehanA aMga-upAMgonA uThAva pUratuM ja TAMkaNuM vaparAya che. A kevalatA Tekanika jevI ja Tekanikano gujarAtamAM upayoga thayo che. dakSiNa gujarAta (lATa) para badAmInA cAlukyo, rASTrakuTo ane kahyANInA cAlukyonI ANa rahI cukI hatI. je kAraNe A zakya banyuM hoya. A sivAya zilpakAronI karNATa-gujarAtanI AvanajAvana paNa kAraNa hoya. vaLI beya rAjyonA sAMskRtika saMbaMdho paNa javAbadAra hoI zake. AvI ja vRSapratimAo khajurAhonA vizvanAtha maMdira temaja ilorAmAM paNa jovA maLe che. DhAMkInA mata anusAra madhyakAlIna karNATaka aMtargata AjanuM mahesura rAjya, govA, mahArASTra rAjyano dAkSiNAtya vistAra ane AdhrapradezanA pazcimabhAganA keTalAMka jillAo samAviSTa hatAM. bAMglAdezanA pATanagara DhAMkAnA myujhiyamamAM eka ullekhanIya naMdI zilpa che. je poThIyAnI khUdhane vRttAkAre AvaratI skaMdamAlA paherAvelI che. jo ke gujarAtanI paraMparAmAM skaMdamAlA jovA maLatI nathI. ahIMnI nandI pratimAomAM adyApi skaMdamAlA dekhAI nathI. madhyakAlanA uttarArdhamAM caudamA zatakathI soLamI zatAbdI parvatanI vRSapratimAone pIThanA bhAgathI nakkAzIvALA jADA kapaDAthI zaNagArelI jovA maLe che. keTalAMka daSTAMtomAM naMdImukhane doraDAthI bAMdhavAmAM AvatuM. jemAM karNabhAga pachavADethI doraDuM laI AgaLanA bhAge daMtapaMktione kasIne bAMdhavAmAM AvatuM.81 nandInA karNabhAga zIMgaDAnA mULa udgama bhAga nIce samAttara eka bAjue kaMDAravAmAM AvatAM. pAdaTIpaH 9. 0. P. Sharma, Bull In Indian Art and Literature, Journal of Uttar Pradesh Historical Society, Vol. V (NW) 1957, part-I, P.22. 2. Swami Satyananda, Origin of Cross, Calcutta, P.13 3. Brion Marcel (Trans) Gaute Hogarth, Animals In Indian Art, London, 1959, page.16 X. Bharat K. Iyer, Animals in Indian sculpture, 1977, Bombay, page.20 4. Jacques (Trans.) Carter Anne, Man and Beast-A visual History, 1964, London, page-14 6. vadhu vigato arthe juo : Ravi Hajarnis, 'Some Prehistoric Paintings In Sabarkantha, Rasikbhai Parikh Commemoration Vol. Ed Gautam Patel & Bharati Shelat, Ahmedabad, 2006, P.478. 7. Jacques (Trans.) uparyukta, pR.42 8. ravi hajaranIsa ane varmA, sAbarakAMThAmAM maLI AvelAM guphAcitro, kumAra, phebru.-1979 6. Ravi Hajarnis, Bull and Sun In the Rock Art of Sapawada, Gujarat, Journal of Oriental Institute, Vol. 44, Nos 1-4 sept. 1994. June 1995 issue p.188. 10. uparyukta, pR.189

Page #102
vRSabha-naMdI, sAhitya ane kalAmAM (gujarAtanA pariprekSyamAM) 85 11. Rvedra, 2,33,25. 92. Ravi Hajarnis, Bull and Nandi Images of Gujarat, SAMBODHI, Vol XXIX-Purattava-vol I, 2007, p.8. 13. arthavavedra, 2, 4, 14. zatapathabrAhmaNa-2, 5, 3, 28. 94. V. S. Agrawala, 'Siva Mahadeva the Great God, P.14. 16. kumArasaMbhava, 3, 42 17. rAmAyaNa, 8, 26-24 18. mahAbhArata, 23-ra-22 19. vAyupurANa, 77, 7rU 20. macapurANa, 60-46, 6-3, 222-22, 232-18, 133-60-1 21. mAvatapurANa, 20-63.6, 4-2-20-ra6. 22. vAmana purANa, adhyAya-67 23. T.A.G. Rao, Elements of Hindu Iconography, Vol-II part I-II, Madras 1914, p.455 24. Ibid, pp.455-458 24. N. P. Joshi, An Interesting image of Nandi with his consort, Summaries of Papers, All India Oriental Conference, Srinagar, 1961, p-136 RE. J. N. Banerjee, The Development of Hindu Iconography, (Second-Edition) calcutta, 1956, p.156 27. uparyukta, pR.180 28. uparyukta, pR.182 29. uparyukta, pR.536 30. sUtradhAra maMDana viracita prAsAda maMDana, zloka-21 31. uparyukta, zloka-21 32. Aparajtapraccha (Ed) A. P. Mankad, Gayakwad Oriental Series, No.CXV; Baroda, 1950, 208. 15-16. ane juo : ravi hajaranIsa, prabhAsa pATaNano naMdI, vidyApITha, nave-Dise, 1973. 33. M. A. Dhaky, The Nandi Images of Tamilnadu and Kannadnadu, Antibus-Asiae, Vol.XXXIV, 2/33, P.185, ff.9 38. Stella Kramrisch, The Hindu Temple, Vol.II, Calcutta, 1946, pl.VI 34. Munishri Jayantavijayaji, Holy Abu, 1951, Fig.56 38. N. K. Bhattasali, Iconography of Buddhist and Brahmanical Sculplures in Decca Museum, p.143, pl.LV-a 39. M. R. Majumdar, The Historical and Cultural Chronology of Gujarat, page-104

Page #103
86 prAcInA 38. raseza jamInadAra, kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta, 1957, pR.146-49. 36. M. R. Majumdar, Ibid. 40. R. N. Mehta, Excavation at Nagara, 1968, P.107, Fig. 53-3 41. je. pI. amIna, zaivadharma ugama ane vikAsa, 1975, pR.69. 82. Ravi Hajarnis, Bull and Nandi Images of Gujrat, SAMBODHI, Vol XXIX-Purattava-Vol I, 2007, Puratattva Vol-I, page 8 to 23, pl.I to XVII-illustrations. 83. S. R. Rao, Excavations At Amreli, Kstrapa-Gupta town, Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallary, Vadodara, special issue, pl.XXX, Fig.-I. 44. ravi hajaranIsa, guzisaevi, amadAvAda, 1999, pR.7 84. U. P. Shah, Sculptures From samalaji and Roda (North Gujarat) in The Baroda Museum, Bulletin Museum and Picture Gallery, Baroda XIII Special Number, 1960, p.125, pls 41, 41a. 46. Ibid, p.17, pl.I 47. ravi hajaranIsa, gujarAtanI zilpa-samRddhi, pUrvokta, pariziSTa-2, pR.72-73 XL. U. P. Shah, Some Sculptures From North Gujarat, recently acquired by the Baroda Museum, Bulletin Museum and Picture Gallery, Baroda XXIII, 1971, p.24, fig.I 49. U. P. Shah, 1960, op.cit, p.117, pl.4. 40. U. P. Shah, A Few Brahmanical Sculptures in the Baroda Museum, Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery, vol-X-XI, 1953-1955, pl.19-23, fig.5 49. U. P. Shah, Matrkas and other sculptures, North Gujarat, Bulletin, Museum and Picture Gallery, Baroda, vol-XIV, 1962, p.32, pl.XXIII. 42. Ravi Hajarnis, Vrsa sculptures in Gujarat, Indian Archaeological Heritage-K-V Soun dara Rajan Falicitation Volume (Ed) Marg Bandhu et al, Delhi, 1994, p.562. 53. Ravi Hajarnis, op-cit, page-562. 54. Ibid, page-563. 44. Archaeological Survey of India, A Review, 1984-85 48. B. M. Pandey and Narayan Vyas, An Early Temple in Gujarat : Excavation at Goraj (Mahadevpura) Puratattva No. 20, 1989-90, New Delhi, P.109. 57. goraja nandInA samayAMkana aMge pro.madhusUdana DhAMkI sAthenI carcA-vicAraNA khUba upakAraka thaI che. tadanusAra DhAMkIe uttara jAvA (inDonoziyA) madhye A samayanI alaMkAra vihIna eka nandIpratimA joyAnuM kahyuM hatuM. jogAnuMjoga goraja pratimA paNa AbhUSaNo vagaranI che. AthI kahI zakAya ke alaMkAro rahita sAdI nandI pratimAo prAcIna che. eTaluM ja nahI uparokta beya naMdI zilpo samakAlIna che. carcA nikarSane grAhya rAkhIe to u.jAvA-goraja pahelAMnA samayanA koI naMdIzilpo adyApi paryata to anyatra kayAMyathI maLyA nathI. ane AthI ja beya prANI zilpone sauthI prAcIna gaNavAmAM harakata nathI. 58. goraja nandImaMDapa ke iMTerI mULa naMdInI jagyA aMgenI sthaLa para carcA karavA mATe lekhaka e.esa.AinA,

Page #104
vRSabha-naMdI, sAhitya ane kalAmAM gujarAtanA pariprekSyamAM) DaoN. bI.ema.pAne, DaoN.umAkAnta zAha ane DaoN.Ara.ena.mahetAnA RNI che. DaoN. zAhe ene maitrakakAla pahelAMno kahI zAmaLAjI zailI ane kSatra5kAlanA uttarArdhanA lakSaNo bAbata sUcano karyA hatAM. to DaoN.Ara.ena.mahetAe stara vidyAne AdhAre kSatrapa iMTerI beThakane kAraNe A vAtane puSTi ApI hatI. lekhaka A mahAnubhAvoe ciMdhela saMzodhanane upakAraka mAne che ane navIna samayAMkananuM zreya A be diggaja vidvAnone Ape che. 59. U. P. Shah, 1960, Ibid 60. Ibid, p.134 61. M. A. Dhaky, 1972, Ibid, p.210, footnote-27 EUR2. V. S. Parekh, The Iconography of Saiva deities from Gujarat, Ph.D. Thesis, 1978, unpublished, p.528 63. Ravi Hajarnis, 2007, Ibid-SAMBODHI, page-15, pl.VIII, ane juo ravi hajaranIsa, 1999, guzisaevi-pUrvokta, pR.73 64. gaudAnI ane DhAMkI, gujarAtanI keTalIka navI zodhAyelI maitraka, mahAgurjara ane AghasolaMkIkAlIna pratimAo, svAdhyAya, pu.10, naM-2, 1973, pR. 201. 65. gaudAnI ane DhAMkI, 1973, uparyukta, pR.202, pAdaTIpa-4 66. Ravi Hajarnis, 2007, Ibid, p-15,16. 67. Ibid, pl.X 68. lekhakane datezvaranA taLAvanA pUrvIya kAMThe eka anya poThIyo paNa jovA maLela. jenI carcA AgaLa karelI che. El. Ravi Hajarnis, IAH-KVSRFV, 1994, p.364 70. gaudAnI ane DhAMkI, 1973, uparyukta 71. uparyukta 72. D. G. Godse, Maharasta Times Annual, Bombay, 1975, p-88-105. nandI pratimAnI ghaDatara paraMparA ane prakAra aMge koI somapurAsalATa jANakArI ApI zake. 73. Ravi Hajarnis, SAMBODHI, pUrvokta, p.17 74. Ravi Hajarnis, SAMBODHI, pUrvokta, p.XI. phoTogrApha jotA e mastaka vihIna hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. ahIM AsapAsa vikharAyelAM amUlya zilpo ane maMdiranA mAvajatanI tAtI jarUra che. 75. sanmitra pro.vizvAsa sonavaNe e Apela mAhiti ane phoTogrAphane AdhAre. 76. mahiSAnI salekha nandI pratimA atirikta pArevA pASANanI eka salekha nI pratimA amadAvAdanA bho.je. vidyAbhavana khAte joyAnuM smaraNamAM che. paNa e aMge saMbadhakartA pAsethI koI mAhiti ke phoTogrAphasa nA maLavAthI koI ullekha thaI zakato nathI. DhAMkInA mAnavA mujaba bhAratabharamAMthI paNa lekha sAthenA nandI zilpo alpa ja maLyAM che. A paristhitimAM mahiSAnA naMdI pratimAnuM mahattva banI rahe che. 77. mahiSA nadInA besaNI paranA 2 utkIrNa lekho vAste juo : gaudAnI. DhAMkI ane zAstrI, mahiSAno nadI ane bAhya pratimAo svAdhyAya, 5.6, aM.3, eprila 1969, pR.368. pAchalA pRSTha7 paranuM citra, utkIrNa lekho, pR.368 thI 370

Page #105
88 prAcIna OC. Ravi Hajarnis, op cit, SAMBODHI, p.17, pl.XVI. 79, Ravi Hajarnis, op-cit, p.18, pl.XVII Co. M. A. Dhaky, The Nandi Images of Tamilnadu and Kannadnadu, Artibus Asiae, Vol. XXXIV, 1/32 p.183, fig-I 81. bALapaNamAM gAmaDAmAM zaNagArelA gAya-baLada sAthe ghaMTArava karatAM lokone prasaMgopAta joyAnuM lekhakanA smaraNamAM che. vaLI tophAnI baLada koIne karaDe nahIM mATe enA mukhane bAMdhavAmAM AvatuM. lokajIvananI rojabarojanI jivata paraMparAo, utsavo ke tahevAro vageree pazuo sAthenA vyavahAro, AsthA, tamAmane tatkAlanA kalAkAre supara pASANamAM tarAzelI che. dA.ta. kAyAvarohaNanuM gaurizaMkaranuM zilpa. jemAM baLadane nAthavA be paga vacce lAkaDAno TukaDo bAMdhelo spaSTa thAya che. naMdI mukha bAMdheluM ane garadana nIce lAkaDu batAvela eka pAchalAkALanuM naMdI zilpa vidyAnagara, ANaMdanA saradAra paTela myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. DhAMkIe paNa A prakAranI AdhrapradezanI eka naMdIpratimAnI vigata ApelI che. juo : M. A. Dhaky, op-cit.fig.28 je dasamI zatAbdInI gaNAya che.

Page #106
16. navalakhA maMdira - ghumalI bhAtIgaLa saurASTra bhomakAnA pAraMpArika raMgotsavanI tAjagI taraNetara ane anyatranA lokameLAmAM supere varatAya che. A bhUmi purAtattvanI to khANa che. mAnavano prAgitihAsa AdyaaitihAsa, aitihAsikayuga temaja Adhunika svataMtratA ane pachIno itihAsa ahIM bharyo paDyo che. zilpa, sthApatya ane pALiyA muka paNe tatkAlanI kathanI kahI jAya che. uparokta paikI ahIM prAsAda sthApatyamAM ziramora samA navalakhA maMdira-ghumalIno paricaya ApavAno prayAsa karyo che. navalakhA maMdiro ghumalI sivAya, saurASTramAM sejakapura ane ANaMdapuramAM paNa jovA maLe che. ghumalI jAmanagara jillAnA bhANavaDa tAlukAmAM bhANavaDathI sAta kilomITara dUra baraDAnA DuMgarALa vistAramAM AveluM che. sthaLanAma jotAM bhUmilikA, bhUtAmbilikA, bhUbhUtapallI, bhUtanI AMbalI ane aMte bhUmalI temaja apabhraMze Aje e ghumalI kahevAtuM hoya mULe to e senDavakAlanuM nagara-rAjadhAnI hovAnuM nizcitapaNe mAnavAmAM Ave che. eka vakhatanuM mAnavapravRttithI dhabakatuM pATanagara Aje to khaMDita zeSa bacelA sthApatya ane zilpothI atItanA nibiDa khaMDerasamu bhAse che. baraDA DuMgaranA be zikharo veNu ane Abhaparo nAme oLakhAya che. je lokavAyakA ane kivaMdatIomAM sthAna pAmyA che. baraDo DuMgara vaidika vanaspati mATe vikhyAta che. ghumalInA prAcIna zivAlayane loko navalakhA maMdira tarIke oLakhe che. enA bAMdhakAmanA rUpasthApatya kharcAyelA aDhaLaka dhanane kAraNe e navalakhA kahevAyuM. jene mATe navalAkha vaparAya e navalakho prAsAda e artha emAM abhipreta lAge che. sthApatyanI dRSTie joIe to e paMcAMgI bhavya sAMdhAra prakAranuM devAlaya che. jenA pradakSiNApathe traNa bAjue be phUTa nirgamita eka eka jharukhAnI racanA karelI che. maMdiranI viziSTatA to enI vistRta jagatIne kAraNe che. solaMkIkAlIna tamAma maMdiro karatA e UMcAI, laMbAI ane pahoLAImAM vizALa che. cotaraphanI vedikA ke prAkAra kALanI gartamAM naSTa thayelAM che. jagatInI sopAnazreNI AgaLanI be staMbhakuMbhInA zeSa bacelAM avazeSo devAlaya sanmukhanA kIrtitoraNanI aTakaLa to karI ja jAya che. jagatanI ubhaNImAM cotarapha gavAkSa kaMDAryA che. jemAM dipAlAdi zilpo che. mUlaprAsAdanI racanA moDherA tathA somanAthanA devAlayo jevI che. jyAre zikhara moDherA ane sUNakanA maMdirone maLatuM Ave che. be mALanI praveza cokI ke zRMgAracokI paikI pUrvanI naSTa thaI che. maMDapa karoTakano keTaloka

Page #107
90 prAcInA aMgavinyAsa paNa mojUda rahyo nathI. sabhAmaMDapa Toca parano ghUmaTa phAsanAkAra che. maMDapa madhyenA staMbho mukhatve be prakAranA ke ghATanA che. A aMtargata sAdA bhadrakaghATanA thAMbhalAo madhyabhAgathI aSTakoNAkAra pallavamaSThita che. upalAM goLa mathALAnA bhAgathI grAsa ane zirAvaTIe moTI kIrtimukha AkRtio dekhAya che. jyAre bIjA prakAranA staMbho svastikaghATanA che. jenA upalA staMbhadaMDe devaAkRtio khattaka maMDita batAvI che. Aja rIte gavAkSe uparanA aSTakoNa vinyAse sthita devI pratimAo Aje to mahadaMze khaMDita thaI cUkI che. AthI emanI oLakha thaI zakI nathI. e uparanA vRttAkAra bhAge urdhvapallavo, ratnapaTTa ane prAsapaTTInI racanA karelI che. zivAlayanA pIThodayamAM ratnamaNDita jArAkuMbha padma, zreyaka, kaLaza, AMtarapaTTa ane kIrtimukhabaMdha che. e pachI gajathara ane naratharanuM surekha Alekhana che. jaMghA para A kAlanA maMdironI jema vividha zilpo jovA maLe che. tamAmanuM vivaraNa sthaLa saMkoce asthAne che. tema chatAM bhadra gavAkSomAM dakSiNa khattake brahmA, sarasvatI, pazcime umAmahezvara to uttare lakSmInArAyaNa(?)nI pratimAo che. jyAre gokha nIcenA bhAge atyaMta surekha ane dhyAnAkarSaka sAmasAmI sUMDha viTAyelA hastiyuma kaMDArelA che. (juo citra-22) aMtamAM navalakhA maMdiranA samayAMkana aMge joIe. bargIsa ene agIyAramI zatAbdInA aMtabhAge ke bAramA zatakamAM mUkavAnuM valaNa dharAve che. to kajhansa smArakane somanAthanI kaMIka vaheluM gaNe che." parasI brAuna ane esa. ke. sarasvatI agIyAramI sadImAM nirmANa thayAnuM mAne che. to hasamukha sAMkaLiyA devAlayane bAramA-teramAM saikAnuM gaNe che. maMdironI bAMdhaNI ane enAM aMga-upAMgo mujaba A viSayanA tajajJa gaNAtA madhusUdana DhAMkIe rAjayAzrayane badale sAMskRtika nAmAbhidhAna sAthe mahAgurjara, mahAmerU ane marU-gurjara evA bhAga pADelAM che. A aMtargata navalakhA maMdira marU-gurjarI prakAramAM Ave ane eno samayakAla i.sa.nA bAramAM saikAno aMtabhAga sUcave che. jo A samayakAla samayAMkanane satya gaNavAmAM Ave to, ghumalInA aTapaTA itihAsamAM i.sa.1179 thI i.sa. 1190 daramyAna ahIM rANA bhANa jeThavAnuM zAsana prarvatamAna hatuM. jo ke maMdiranA kartA aMge koI lekha ke purAtattvIka AdhAra adyApi maLyo nathI. paNa jo maMdira nirmANano kAla ane rANA bhANa jeThavAno samaya eka hoya to ghumalInuM navalakhA zivAlaya teNe baMdhAvyuM haze, ema kahevAnuM mana lalacAya kharuM. 11 pAdaTIpa : 1. gurAsAI-graMtha-4, solaMkIkAla aMtargata kA.pU.somapurA likhita prakaraNa-16nA pAdaTIpa-237 para maMdiranA garbhagRhanuM zivaliMga ahIMthI khaseDIne porabaMdaranA kedAranAtha zivAlayamAM sthApita karyAnuM jaNAvela che. 2. James Burgess, Report on The Antiquities of Kathiawad and Kachh, London, 1876, pl.XL.111 3. Ibid 4. Ibid, page 181

Page #108
navalakhA maMdira - ghumalI 91 4. H. Cousens, Somnatha and other Mediaeval Temples in Kathiawad. Archaeological Survey of India (IS), XLV, 1931, p.36. 6. Percy Brown, Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu), Bombay, 1942, second Edition pp.10, 745 9. S. K. Sarasvati Struggle for Empire, p.595 1. H. D. Sankalia, Archaeology of Gujarat (Including Kathiawad), Bombay, 1942, p.102. 6. M. A. Dhaky, Studies in Indian Temple Architecture (Papers presented at a seminar at varanasi-1967) Ed. Pramodchandra, 1975, P.128, Foote Note-14 20. Ibid 11. ravi hajaranIsa ane dinakara mahetA, navalakhA maMdira, ghumalI, gujarAta, tA.30.9.1990, pR.39 tathA aMkanA pAchalA pUMThA paranuM citra.

Page #109
17. aMbAsaNanI lakSmInArAyaNa pratimA zakti-lakSmI sAthenI viSNunI yugala-AliMgana pratimAne sAmAnya rIte lakSmI-nArAyaNa tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. gajalakSmIpUjana ghaNA vahelAM kAlathI astitvamAM hovAnA pramANo ApaNane bhArahuta ane anyatrathI maLelA che. jayAkhyasaMhitAmAM lakSmIne viSNunI zakti kahI che. Ama e viSNu sAthe saMlagna hovA chatAM bannenI lakSmInArAyaNa yugma pratimAM ke enA guptayuga pahelAMnA koI sAhityika pramANo maLatAM nathI." rUpamaMDana (a.4-34,35) anusAra viSNune lakSmI sahita Ayudho sAthe garuDAruDha batAvavA.2 hemAdrie vizvakarmAzAstrane AdhAre Apela varNana mujaba jamaNI tarapha viSNu ane DAbI bAju lakSmIjI hovA joIe. devI eka bAhuthI viSNakaMTha pAchaLa AliMgana ApatI batAvavI. jyAre devInA bIjA karamAM padma graheluM batAvavuM. skaMdapurANa anusAra lakSmIdevI nArAyaNa sAthe vAma bAju birAjamAna hovI joIe. ane devanA hastomAM cakra, zaMkha ane eka bAhuthI zaktine AliMgana ApatA hovA joIe. kAlikAgamamAM paNa A svarUpanI vigato prApta thAya che." gujarAtamAMthI madhyakAlanI lakSmInArAyaNanI keTalIka pratimAo prApta thaI che. bargIse garUDArUDha AvI yugalapratimA kasarAthI agIyAramAM zatakanI to kajhansa sejakapuranI vigata ApI che. kanaiyAlAla davee delamAla, kadavAra, vAlama, saMDera, maMdarApura ane pATaNanI, yu.pI.zAhe navasArI jillAmAMthI maLela lakSmInArAyaNa pratimAonI vigato ApI che. to mULa siddhapura najadIkanA khalI gAmanI saMgemaranI hAla vaDodarA saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita mUrtinI mAhitI kalpanA desAIe prasiddha karI che.10 prAcIna maMDalI (mAMDala), pAvAgaDhanA lakulIza maMdira ane aiThora maMdiranI prAyaH dazamI zatAbdInA devAlayonI jaMghA para khattaka maMDita lakSmInArAyaNa svarUpo kaMDArelA che. mUrtividhAna anusAra A svarUpanI mUrtio be prakAre ghaDAtI. 1. prathama prakAramAM UbhA svarUpanI pratimAo ane 2. bIjA prakAramAM beThArUpavALI mUrtiono samAveza thAya che. dvitIya rItamAM viSNunA DAbA utkaMgamAM lakSmIjIne birAjamAna darzAvAtA beyamAM prathama prakAranA zilpo pramANamAM alpa maLe che. anveSaNa daramyAna mahesANA jillAnA aMbAsaNa gAme lakSmInArAyaNanI UbhA svarUpanI

Page #110
aMbAsaNanI lakSmInArAyaNa pratimA 93 manohara pratimAM jovA maLI hatI. je koI ajJAta vaiSNavaprAsAdamAM tatkAle pUjAtI koI upAsyamUrti hovI joIe. devatAnA tamAma kara mahadaMze khaMDita hoya to paNa zeSabhAgathI caturvasta hovAnuM anumAna thaI zake che. Ayudho pUrNapaNe naSTa thayelAM che. viSNu zire kirITamukuTa dhAraNa karelo che. jenI beyabAju ADIrekhAothI sUryakiraNo batAvyAM che ane prAcIna pratimAomAM jovA maLe che, ema viSNue AdityasvarUpa hovAnuM sUcaka rIte madhyakAlIna mUrtimAM paNa batAvavAnI paripATi cAlu rakhAI che. sAdhAraNa corasa devamukha dhasAyeluM hovAthI cakSuo, nAsikA ane adhara have to suspaSTa rahyA nathI. grahelAM AbhUSaNomAM padakayukta corasa gaiveyaka, bIjo trIserahAra, chAtIbaMdha, soMlakIkAle jovA maLe evI moTI alaMkRta mekhalA, kaDalAM ane vanamAlA vagere che. deva samIpe lAlityapUrNa tribhaMge UbhA svarUpe lakSmIjI sthita che. devImukha dhasArAvALu hoya to paNa e paranAM prasannabhAva suspaSTa che. emanA be bAhu paikI jamaNo AliMgana Apato viSNuskaMdha para jovA maLe che to cakra Ayudha DAbA hastamAM raheluM che. je lakSmIjI viSNuzakti hovAne nAte vaiSNavIrUpanI jema dhAraNa kareluM lAge che. devI yathocita alaMkArothI alaMkRta che. jAnavastra kammara AgaLathI alaMkRta kaTimekhalAthI bAMdheluM che. parikaramAM dazAvatAra kaMDAryA che. je aMtargata jamaNI bAju nIcethI gavAkSamAM vAmana, rAma ane buddha to DAbI tarapha nIcethI Aja pramANe parazurAma kaMDAryA che. jyAre enI uparano gokha naSTa thayelo che. TopabhAge kamAnabhAgamAM khattakamaMDita kalkI ane madhye Aja rIte caturvasta viSNu kADhelAM che. aMte kahI zakAze ke dethaSTi, aMlakAro ane kaMDArazailIne AdhAre aMbAsaNanI lakSmInArAyaNa pratimAne I.sa. bAramA zatakanA uttarArdha mUkI zakAze. pAdaTIpa H 1. jayAkhyasaMhitA, 33, 55-56 2. rUpamaMDana (davatAmUrtiprakaraNa ane rUpamaMDana) kalakattA, 1936, IV, 34-360 3. Kalpana Desai, Iconography of Visnu, New Delhi, 1973 4. skaMdapurANa-vaiSNavakhaMDa, puruSottama mahAbhya, 5-8-9-venkaTeza presa, bomba, 1909. 5. kanaiyAlAla dave, gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna, amadAvAda, 1962, pR.238 $. Burgess and Cousens, Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat, London, 1903, p.106, pl.XCI. 9. H. Cousens, Somnath and other Mediaeval Temples of Kathiawad, Calcutta, 1931, p.58. 8. kanaiyAlAla dave, uparyukta 9. Kalpana Desai, Ibid-p.34 10. Ibid

Page #111
18. mevaDanI viSNupratimA mukhatve trIdevo eTale brahmA, viSNu ane ziva che. brahmAjI sarjanahAra to zivajI saMhAranA deva che ane viSNu pAlanahAra che. viSNu samasta brahmAMDanA ApaNI mAnyatA anusAra cauda brahmAMDanA teo pAlaka niyaMtA che. RgvadanA sUkto parathI viSNunuM AdyasvarUpa sUryamAMthI prAdurbhAva pAmyu hoya ema lAge che.' viSNunI prApta keTalIka pratimAomAM emaNe dhAraNa karelA mukuTanI banne tarapha sUryakiraNo batAvavAmAM AvyAM che ane e rIte e AdityanuM je eka svarUpa hovAnuM sUcaka rIte darzAvyuM che. samaya jatAM sUryapUjA viSNupUjAmAM pheravAI, ane teramA zataka pachI to pramANamAM sUryamaMdiro ochA baMdhAvA lAgyAM. purANakAla sudhImAM to vizvaniyatA tarIke viSNunuM atyaMta mahattvapUrNa sthAna nizcita thaI cukyuM hatuM. sAMpradAyika dhArmika ekatAnI tatkAlanI jarUrIyAtanI eSaNAmAM be, traNa ke cAra devonA saMyukta svarUpano vikAsa thato gayo. A pariprekSyamAM samaya jatAM A saMyuktarUpa svataMtra tarIke sthAna pAmyuM ane AthI dharma temaja dhArmikagraMthomAM emanI upAsanA ane vrata vagere ApavAmAM AvyAM ane AthI dhArmikasaMpradAyika ane sAmAjika ekatA AvI ane Ama viSNu-zivanuM saMyuktarUpa harihara, brahmA, viSNu ane zivanuM hariharapitAmaha ane sUrya, brahmA, viSNu temaja zivanuM saMyukta svarUpa hariharapitAmahArka athavA brahmazAnajanArdanArka kahevAyuM. A tamAmanI AthI vadhu vigato asthAne che. uparokta vivecanAthI viSNupUjA prAcInakALathI pracalita hovAnuM saheje samajAya che. gujarAtamAM girinagara (jUnAgaDha)nuM viSNumaMdira I.sa. 455 ke kaMIka pahelAMnA samayanuM hovAnA nirdeza maLelAM che. rUpavidhAna ke mUrtividhAna mujaba hemAdri ane viSNudharmottarakAre dvibAhu viSNune lokapAlaviSNu kahyAM che. madhyakAlIna samayanI sAmAnyarIte maLatI viSNupratimAo caturbhuja hoya che ane emanA cAre hAthamAM zaMkha, cakra, gadA ane padma prahelAM hoya che. jenA krame hoya che. rUpamaMDanamAM A kramAnusAra mujaba covIsa bheda che. je pramANe e caturvizati svarUpo gaNAya che. rAjya purAtattvakhAtAnI gAme gAmanI sarvekSaNa yojanA kAryakrama heThaLa mahesANA jillA sarve cAlato hato. tyAre mevaDa gAme caturvasta viSNunI eka manohara mUrti jovA maLI hatI. gAma loko dvArA ahIM pUjana arcana ane saMrakSaNanuM dhyAna rakhAya che. parikara sahitanI A pratimA koI atItanA vaiSNava maMdiranI upAsyamUrti hovA aMge koI zaka nathI.

Page #112
mevaDanI viSNupratimA 95 hAthamAM | UbhA svarUpanA A zilpamAM devane samapAdamAM batAvyAM che. zIrSa para alaMkRta kirITa mukuTa, lAMbA kaNe makara kuMDala, kaMThe raiveyaka ane bIjo cAra serI hAra nAbhi sudhI pahoMcato batAvyo che. to viSNune priya vanamAlA DhIMcaNa sudhI batAvI che. ughADA bhramarabhaMgIvALA kIkIyukta netro, sIdhI nAsikA, be adharo paikI nIcalo heja jADo, bharAvadAra gAla, ane cibUkI vagere dhyAnAkarSaka che. sAdhAraNa corasa cahero bhAvapUrNa lAge che. upara jaNAvela AbhuSaNo atirikta deve yajJopavIta, chAtIbaMdha, hastavalaya, ane pAdamAM kaDalAM dhAraNa karelA che. to pahoLI alaMkRta mekhalAthI kaTivastrane bAMdheluM che. eno AkarSaka rIte laTakato pATalIno cheDo ane enA paranI vallIo, temaja urudAmanA laTakaNIyA vagere noMdhanIya che. vakSa:sthaLe viSNunuM zrIvatsalAMchana zobhI rahyuM che. viSNunA catuhasto paikI jamaNA upalA ane DAbA upalA hAthamAM cakra ane zaMkha dhAraNa karelA che. vAma nIcenA bAhumA rahelI gadAno uparano keTaloka bhAga tUTelo che. jyAre krama anusAra jamaNA nIcenA karamAM padma hovuM joIe. to rUpamaMDana anusAra viSNunuM janArdana svarUpa nizcita thaI zake. caturvizati janArdana svarUpa jamaNA nIcalA upalA jamaNA upalA DAbA nIcenA DAbA karamAM hastamAM hastamAM pA cakra zaMkha gadA tadanusAra mevaDanI pratimAmAM jamaNA nIcenA hastamAM dhanuSa che. (jayAM kharekhara padma raheluM hovuM joIe) e vagara traNe hAthamAM Ayudho, graMthastha niyamo anusAranA che. padmapurANa, rUpamaMDana, agnipurANa ke catuvargaciMtAmaNi jevA graMthomAM caturvizati covIsa svarUpomAM dhanuSano nirdeza nathI. Ama chatAM zAMrga-ziMgaDAmAMthI banAvela eka prakAranA dhanuSane viSNunAM Ayudho paikI mAnavAmAM Ave che. cAra thI vadhu hastavALI viSNunI vaikuMTha pratimAmAM aSTabhujAmAM anya Ayudho sAthe dhanuSa-bANa dhAraNa kareluM jovA maLe che. jayAre ahIM mAtra dhanuSa che. bANa darzAvela nathI. vaLI ardha tUTelAM A hAthamAM dhAraNa karela dhanuSa paNa vAkucuku pramANamAM nathI. A kaMDAranI behudA AkAranI ceSTA e pAchaLathI kotareluM spaSTa kare che. jo A saMbhava svIkArIe to mUrtinirmANa bAda tuTelA paMjAmAM dhanuSya kaMDAranI aNadhaDa ceSTA thayelI che. jethI zakya che, ke mUrtinuM mULa svarUpa caturvizati janArdana hoya. paraMtu A bAbate paNa ApaNe AgaLa jamaNo nIcenA hastano paMjo tUTelo hovAnuM joI gayA chIe. A paristhitimAM emA grahela padma aMge nizcitapaNe kahI zakAya nahI. AthI janArdana svarUpanI saMbhAvanA batAvI rahela pratimAne anya koI pUrAvAnA AdhAra vagara viSNunI caturbhuja pratimA kahevI vadhu iSTa che. aMtamAM parikara aMge TUMkamAM joIe. nAnI thAMbhalIvALA khattakomAM jamaNI taraphathI nRsiMha, parazurAma, balarAma ane kalki che. to DAbI bAjuthI gavAkSamAM nRvarAha, vAmana, rAma ane buddha kaMDAryA che. parikaramAM madhye yogIzvara viSNunI caturbhuja AkRti kADhelI che. jenI banne tarapha traNa traNa puSpamAlA sahita mAlAdhara che. mevaDanI upara carcita viSNupratimAnI suDoLa dedhyaSTi, alaMkAro ane zailInA

Page #113
prAcInA AdhAre isvIsananA caudamAM saikAmAM saheje mUkI zakAze. ahIMnI ja prAyaH agIyAramI zatAbdInI pazuvarAhamUrti ane anya vaiSNavazilpo vagere tamAma koI atItanA vaiSNava-viSNumaMdiranI aTakaLa to karI jAya che paNa lAMbA samaya sudhI A vistAramAM viSNu-varAhapUjA pracalita hovAnuM paNa sUcavI jAya che. je agiyAramI sadInA prAraMbhathI cheka caudamA zataka sudhI to vaiSNava saMpradAyanuM prAbalya darzAvI jAya che. pAdaTIpa : 1. kanaiyAlAla dave, gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna (punaHmudraNa AvRtti) 1993, pR.169 2. Umakant Shah, A Kstrapa Head from Dolatpur, Katchch, Bulletin of Baroda Museum and Picture Gallary, Vadodara, Vols XX, 1968, p.105-6, pl LVII No-1 and pl.LVIII No.2. vadhumAM juo ravi hajaranIsa, purAvastu ane kalA, amadAvAda, 2009, pR.85-86 3. (i) somapurA, sUryamaMdira vizeSAMka, aMtargata harilAla gaudAnIno lekha, sUryopAsanA ane gujarAta, pR.71 4. ravi hajaranIsa, mevaDanI viSNupratimA, pathika, me-1987, pR.14 temaja pRSTha-15 paranuM citra

Page #114
19. nagarA-khaMbhAtanI brahmadeva pratimA nagarA 720-38"-33" pU.rekhAMza ane 220-41'-15 u.akSAMza para khaMbhAtanI uttare be mAIla dUrI para AveluM che. gAma 4000 jeTalI AchI-ochI vastIvALu che. paraMtu pUrvakAle e nagaraka-nagara mahAsthAna kahevAtuM hatuM. bhaugolika rIte e carotara ke cArutara pradezanI lagabhaga pazcima sImAe che. bhAlakSetra ahIMthI ja zarU thatuM hovAthI, ene bhAlabAru paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. saMkSiptamAM nagarA, cArutara, bhAla ane khaMbhAtanA raNavistAra gaNAtAM khArApATakSetra para bhaugolika rIte AveluM che. samRddhinA pUrvakAle nagarAnA vahepAra-vANijyano vepalo madhyaeziyA pazcimanA rAjyo ane cheka aMdara sudhInA bhAratIya pradezo sAthe hato. tatkAle romathI olIvatela drAkSAsava-madirA AyAta thatI. je ahIM thayelAM utpananamAM vipula pramANamAM maLelAM emphorA mRtpAtro sAbIta kare che. tatkAlIna samaye vizvamAM romana suMdarI, ane Asava vikhyAta hatAM. nagarAnA vahepAra ane madhya eziyAnA saMbaMdhanuM kAraNa nAvaDo hoI zake. jo ke nagarA pAse koI moTI nadI nathI. tema chatAM A gAme nAnI moTI 40 talAvaDIo ane alaMgane maLatAM kAMsa che. kAMsa pUrvanA cArutara vistAranuM jaLa ahIM kheMcI lAve che. samaya jatAM sthaLano nAvaDo purAI jatAM, nagarAno sAgara saMbaMdha puro thaI gayo ane A kAraNe vahepAra rojagAra nA rahyA. ane Ama e Arthika kAraNasara tUTI gayuM. dariyAnI zodhamAM have lokoe najadIkamAM khaMbha jevA dekhAtAM Tekare kasabo vasAvyo je khaMbhAta kahevAyuM ane have vastInuM sthaLAMtara khaMbhAta thayuM. samudrane lIdhe navAsthaLano uttarottara vikAsa thayo. paNa khaMbhAtanuM bAru paNa pUrAI jatAM, e paNa nagarAnI jema ja paDI bhAgyuM ane have dhIre dhIre vikAsa tarapha jaI rahyuM che. Ama nagarAnI paDatI ane khaMbhAtanI unnati e samakAlIna ghaTanAo banI rahI. nagarAnI brahmApratimAo ane anya keTalIka devamUrtiono prathamollekha ratnamaNirAva joTee karelo hato. ahIM prastuta A gAmanA nAnIpATi vistAranI bhavya brahmApratimAnI carcA karatAM pahelAM, brahmAnI pUjA, mUrtividhAna ane prApta zilpo aMge joIe. hindudharmamAM tridevo mukhya che. jemAM brahmA prathama, viSNu bIjA to ziva trIjA sthAne che. brahmAjInuM kArya sRSTinirmANa hovAthI e brahmAMDasRSTA temaja emano janma suvarNacaMDamAMthI thayo hovAthI e hiraNyagarbha paNa kahevAya che. to vaLI sarjaka tarIke e pitAmaha paNa che. brAhmaNagraMtho emane

Page #115
98 prAcIna vizvakarmA ane prajApati saMbodhe che. upaniSadamAM emane mahAna jJAnI, tattvajJa, veda ane prajApati manAyA che. vaidika prajApati ane paurANika brahmAnI sAmyatA ke pachI eka ja devarUpa hovAnI aTakaLa thAya che. TUMkamAM veda, brAhmaNa ane purANo emanI anuzrutIta vigato Ape che. parabrahma-brahmArUpa aMgenA bI.ela.mAMkaDanA vicAro mananiya che. je emanA ja zabdomAM raju karavAnuM ucita mAnIe chIe. "vaidika RcAomAM brahmAno ullekha Indra, varuNa, mitra ke anya devatAo jevo nathI. paNa e yajJayAgAdi brAhmaNa bRhaspati saMbaMdhe che. bRhaspatinI kalpanA aMte brahmabrahmArUpe AmUrti thaI ane Aja kalpanA tarka pachIthI upaniSadamAM navIna brAhmaNa-AtmanI oLakha pAmI hoya."7 vadhumAM mAMkaDa jaNAve che, ke dhArmika ane sAmAjIkakSetre mahattvanuM sthAna dharAvanAra brAhmaNa jAtinA brahmAdevatA hovA chatAM e viSNu ke zivajI jevuM mahattva dharAvatAM nathI. jenuM kAraNa brahmAnA svataMtrapaMthano abhAva hoI zake. kadAca A kAraNe ja zarUAtanA jaina ane bauddhadharme emano svIkAra to karyo paNa emane mAtra kSatriyajJAtinA indradevanI bAjunuM ja sthAna apAyuM. ethI vizeSa nahIM. samaya jatAM to bauddhonA mahAyAna saMpradAyanA tAMtrIka devatAonA paga nIce kacaDatAM brahmAnI AkRtivALA zilpo raju thavA lAgyAM.10 kadAca bauddhoe svadharma sarvoccatA batAvavAmAM Ama karyuM hoya ! ke pachI koI sthAnika brahmapaMthavALA brAhmaNo ke brAhmaNottara jAtajutha tatkAlIna kAle mahAyAna tAMtrIka bauddhone paDakArarUpa lAgyuM hoya. brahmapaMthajuthanI koI mAhiti nA hoya to paNa tArkika rIte koI nAnujutha hovAno saMbhava kADhI nAkhavA jevo nathI. paurANikakAlamAM AvIe to maharSi atri ane anusuyAnA putra dattAtraya brahmarUpa che. yugAnusAra brahmAjInA rUpokaghelAM che. je emanAM caturNastomAM dhAraNa karelAM upakaraNonA krama pramANenAM che. jemake dvAparayuge vizvakarmArUpa che. jemanA cAre bAhumAM mALA, pustaka, kamaDaluM ane suvanI kalpanA che. tretAyuge pitAmaha gaNAtA hoI, emanA cAra karamAM mALA, graMtha, suva ane kamaMDaLa dhAraNa karelAM hoya che. to satayuge brahmArUpe emanA caturbhujAomAM pustaka, mALA, suva ane kamaMDaLa zobhe che ane kaliyuge emanA kamalAsana svarUpamAM emanA cAra hastamAM mALA, suva, pustaka ane kamaMDaLa grahelAM che. 11 AgaLa joI gayA tadanusAra brahmapaMtha ke emanA svataMtra saMpradAyanI vigato jJAta nathI. chatAM karmakAMDamAM brahmapUjAno spaSTa Adeza che. ke. DI. bAjapAyI isvIsananI zarUAtanA samayakAlathI brahma upAsanA zarU thayAnuM mAne che. 12 A mATe sAMprata lekhaka mathurA myujhiyamamAM surakSita be kuSANakAlIna brahmApratimAono AdhAra le che. to vaLI chaThThI, sAtamA ane AThamA zatakanI prApta brahmAnI mUrtio A samaya sudhI brahmaupAsanA dora cAlyo hovAnuM sAbIta kare che. e saMbhavataH brahmapUjana paMcamahAbhUta svarUpe ke yajJayAgAdi prakAre zarUAtathI cothI zatAbdI paryata cAlyuM hoya ane AThamI sadI parvata astitva dharAvatuM hoya paNa madhyakAle ziva, zakti ane viSNunA bahoLA pracAra ane prasAra sAme

Page #116
nagarA-khaMbhAtanI brahmadeva pratimAM 99 potAnA svataMtrapaMtha ane upAsakonA abhAve brahmAjI e sAme DhIka nA jhIlI zakyAM hoya ane emanI osaratI lokapriyatAmAM paurANIka kathAnakoe paNa bhAga bhajavyo che. je liMgapurANamAM brahmAjIne zivajIe ApelAM zrApanI vigatomAM Ave che. Aja pramANe matsyapurANamAM paNa brahmAnA asatya uccAraNa sAme zivanA zrApanI vAta che. je aMtargata krodhIta ziva brahmAjInA mULa pAMca ziramAMthI eka kApI nAMkhe che. A anuzrutinI asara paNa samAjamAM paDI hoya.14 uparokta sAmAjika ane dhArmika paristhitimAM paNa pazcima bhAratanA gujarAta ane rAjasthAnamAM baMdhAyelA brahmAnA maMdiro brahmAnI maLatI mUrtio asAdhAraNa bAbata che. devanI upAsya, maMdiro paranI khattakamaMDita ane sAvitrI sAthenI yugala pratimAo A bhU-vistAre madhyakAla sudhI brahmapUjA cAlu rahyAnuM sUcavI jAya che. A aMtargata rAjasthAnamAM puSkara ane gujarAtanA kheDabrahmAnA prAsAda vikhyAta che. A atirikta kAmarejanA nArada-brahmA maMdiranI uMcA bhAskarSavALI brahmadevanI sevyapratimAM ullekhanIya che. mahiSAnA paMcadeva prAsAdanI dasamI zatAbdInI gaNAtI brahma temaja brahma parivAra pratimAo, delamAla ane nagarA khaMbhAtanI brahmadeva ane parivAramUrtio, A atirikta brahmAjInI viSNu, ziva ke sUryasaha saMyukta pratimAo ane vipula pramANamAM jovA maLatI viSNu ke zivamaMdiro paranA gavAkSamaMDita brahmAjInA zilpo jemanI yAdI vistAra bhayathI ApI nathI. brahmaprAsAde brahmAnuM vizvakarmA svarUpa mukAya che. vizvakarmA rUpe deva cartumukhatva ane catubhujatva dharAve che ane emanI cAra bhUjAomAM AgaLa joI gayA mujaba akSamAlA, pustaka, kuza ane kamaDaluM dhAraNa kareluM hovuM joIe. A sivAya pUrvethI ATha-parivAra devo ane dvArapAlako batAvavA joIe. to brahmadevaprAsAda kyAM hovo joIe ane kevo hovo joIe enI vigato rUpamaMDanakAre ApI che. 15 tadanusAra brahmamaMdira jyAM cAra mArga bhegA thAya che e cokaDI ke jene cakalA kahevAya e sthaLe bAMdhavo joIe. A atirikta brahmaprAsAda catuSkaghATano hovo joIe ane cAra bAjue pravezadvAra hovA joIe. A sivAya brahmaprAsAda ullekho ane devanA eka, traNa, cAra, ke pAMca mastakanI vigato Agama ane viSNudharmottara Ape che. aMtamAM AgaLa jaNAvyAM anusAra 1947-48mAM zrI bhAIkAkA vidyAnagaramAM nagarAthI lAvela zveta ArasanI cha phUTa UMcI, samapAde UbhA svarUpanI brahmadevanI pratimAnI vigato joIe. 17 javalleja jovA maLatI cartumukha dharAvatI bhavya mUrti che. jemAM sanmukhe traNa ane pArthabhAge caturtha mukha adhamUrti kADheluM che. pAchalA bhAge devanA dehayaSTinI tamAma lAkSaNikatAo paNa kaMDArI hovAthI, e sAdhAraprAsAdanI upAsyamUrti hovA aMge koI zaka nathI. devanA cAre bAhu khaMDita che ane AthI emAM grahelA Ayudho aMge jANI zakAtuM nathI. traNe mukha para zire alaMkRta jaTAmukuTa ane deha para yathocita AbhUSaNo dhAraNa karelAM che. laMbagoLa zo mukhabhAga, kAruNyapUrNa netro, vaccenA sanmukha mukhamaMDalanI heja tUTelI nAsikA, dADhImUcha, sapramANa deha, kaTivastranA dhotIcIrano madhyeno lalita gomUtrika taraMge vaheto cheDo vagere koI ucca

Page #117
1OO prAcInA kalAkAre ghaDelI kRti hovAnuM siddha thAya che. devanA jamaNA caraNa pAse vAhana haMsarAjanI atIva suMdara AkRti kADhelI che. jenAM pArzvamAM paricAraka RSi che. to DAbI taraphanA muni pArSada khaMDita hoI, mAtra emanuM mukha-mastaka ja zeSa baceluM che. devamUrti eTalI cittAkarSaka che ke agAu svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA AdyasthApaka sahajAnaMda svAmIe nagarA gAmanI mulAkAta veLAe saMdarbhagata brahmadevanI mUrtinA darzana karI alaukika zAMti meLavI hatI. tulanAtmaka abhyAsa ane zailInA AdhAre nagarAnI brahmadevanI pratimAne I.sa.1030 AsapAsanA samayAMkane mUkI zakAze.19 Post Script lekha lakhAI gayA bAda lekhakanA himAcala pradezanA traNa brahmAjInA kASTaprAsAdo dhyAne AvelA che. je kulukhINa vistAranA nAnA gAma khopAna, dhIrI ane tIharImAM Avela che. je A pradezamAM brahmapaMthano nirdeza kare che. vadhumAM DaoN.ena. pI. joSIe siMghanA brAhunAbAdathI maLelA dvibAhu ane caturbhuja brahmAnI pratimAo guptakALanI hovAnuM kahyuM che. 21 je hAla pAkistAnanA karAcI myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. ukta maMdiro A pradezamAM brahmAjIno koI nAnA paMthano paNa nirdeza kare che. vizeSamAM uparokta DaoN.joSIe jaNAvela brahmadevanI pratimAone hAla to jJAta sauthI prAcInatama mUrtio gaNavAmAM harakata nathI. pAdaTIpaH 1. nAvaDo eTale samaMdarane malatI moTI nadI paranI vasAhata kahevAya che. 2. ramaNalAla nAgarajI mahetA, nagarA, svAdhyAya, pu.4, aMka-1, nave.1966, pR.102 3. uparyukta 4. khaMbhAtanA koI purAvazeSo AThamI zatAbdI pahelAMnA nathI ane AthI ja nagarA khaMbhAtanI pUrvakRti hovAnuM samajAya che. 5. pro.ra.nA mahetAe A mATe ratnamaNirAva joTenA khaMbhAtano itihAsano saMdarbha Apyo che. paNa emAM pRSTha naMbaranI vigatono abhAva che. juo 2.nA.mahetA nagarA op-cit, pR.103. mahetA vadhumAM jaNAve che, e anusAra nAnI pArTInI savAlavALI brahmAmUrti para sva.amRta vaMsata paMDyA, e lekha lakhyAnuM jaNAvela che. juo mahetA ejana, pR.103 paNa e mATenA paNa koI saMdarbha ApatA nathI. A lekhakane paNa uparokta graMtha ane zrI paMDyAno lekha hAthavago thaI zakyo nathI. 6. caMvini, amadAvAda, 1989, aMtargata annapUrNA zAhano lekha gujarAtamAMthI maLatI brahmAnI pratimAo, pR.15 9. B. L. Mankad, The Brahma Cult and Brahma Images in the Baroda Museum, Baroda State Museum Bulletin, Vol.5, pl.1-2, vadodara, p-11.

Page #118
nagarA-khaMbhAtanI brahmadeva pratimAM 101 (. Ibid 9. Ibid ane vadhu mATe juo : Shubhashini Aryan, A Brahma Image from Sakti Devi Temple, Chamba Jnana-Pravaha R. J. No.XVI,2012-2013, p.89 to 94 90. B. Bhattacharya, Buddhist Iconography, 1929, p.98f. 11. caMvini aMtargata annapUrNA zAhano lekha, gujarAtamAMthI maLatI brahmAnI pratimAo, pR.18 12. kRSNadAsa bAjapeyI, mathurA, pR.30 13. uparyukta 14. B. L. Mankad, op-cit, p.12 94. B. L. Mankad, op-cit, p.11 17. ravi hajaranIsa ane naMdana hariprasAda zAstrI, nagarAnI prAcIna brahmadevanI pratimA, vi.vidyAnagara, varSa 12, aMka-5, me-2010, pR.35 96. M. A. Dhaky, Images of Brahma From Nagara, Khabhat, Jnana-Pravaha, Research Journal, Vol. XII, Year 2008-09, p.4, F.No. 4-6 19. Ibid, p.2 20. Shubhashini Aryan, Ibid 21. Ibid, aMtargata Editor's Remark.

Page #119
20. taMtra, yoginI pUjA ane gujarAta taMtra gUDha che. taMtramArgI kaula ane kApalika paMtha madhyayugamAM phUlyAphAlyA hovAnuM tatkAlIna samayanA somadeva, hemendra ane yamunAcArya jevA lekhakonA lakhANo parathI lAge che. matyendranAthane yoginIkaulapaMthanA janaka gaNavAmAM Ave che. je 1000 varSa pahelA pracalanamAM hato. taanusAra kaula e zakti ane akIla e ziva eno samarasa e kaulamArga. kaula ane vAmamArgI kApAlikonA paMthanI vidhipUjA paMcamakAravALI sarakhI che. paraMtu kApAliko mAnavabalI sAthe saMkaLAyelA gaNAya che. hindu dharmanI jema jaina-bauddhadharmamAM paNa taMtre praveza meLavyo. bauddhomAM mUrtipUjA svIkAra thatA upAsanA mATe sAdhanAmAlA, vajataMtra, caMDamahArozanataMtra, vajIvArAhItaMtra ane yoginI jAlataMtrano upayoga thayo. yoginIo durgA ane mahAkAlInI sevikAo che. taMtramArgamAM yoginIpUjA mahattvanI che. tenA maMdiro bherAghATa(jabalapura pAse), khajurAho, rAnIpura (orissA) ane koImbatura (tAmilanADu)mAM AvelA che. yoginI maMdiranA zeSa avazeSa zAhaDola (madhyapradeza), dudANI (u.pra.) lAkhorI (u.pra.) hIrApura (orIssA)thI maLyA che. jyAre pratimAo hiMgalAjagaDha, rokhIyAna, doha, satanA, maresara ane kAverIpakkamathI prApta thayelI che. khajurAhone bAda karatAM ukta badhA ja maMdiro khullA AkAzavALA eTale zikharavIhIna che. pratyeka maMdiramAM 64 yoginI hoya. bherAghATamAM 81 yoginI mUlacakra tarIke rAjavI kuTumba mATe anAmata gaNAya che. gorakSasaMhitA 81no AMkaDo Ape che. nAmanI yAdI agnipurANa, skaMdapurANa, kAlikApurANa ane AcArya dinakara vageremAM maLe che. keTalIka vakhata zilpa nIce beThaka para nAma kotareluM hoya che. jo ke tAMtrIka-paurANIka sAhitya ane beThaka nIcenA nAma yAdI mujaba sarakhA maLatA nathI. jemAM sthAnika paraMparA kAraNabhUta hovAnuM lAge che. yoginI mUrti ubhA svarUpe, nRtya mudrAmAM ke beThA svarUpe lalitAsane batAvAya che. mAnavamukhI yoginI ane pazumukhI jevI ke azvamukhI, sarpamukhI, siMhI, sasalAmukhI, rIMchamukhI, gajamukhI, vRSamukhI ke bakarAnA moDhAvALI yoginIo hoya che. bagalAmukhI Aje paNa pracAramAM che. kaula-kApalika paMtha khajurAho vistAramAM madhyakALamAM pracalIta hato. jenA pramANo khajurAhonA maMdiro para maLe che. tema A kAlamAM gujarAtamAM paNa taMtramArga yoginI pUjA-nAthasiddhayogIonA sAhityika pramANo ane sthApatyakIya-zilpanA purAvAo maLe che. sarasvatI purANamAM "sarasvatI maMDala' eTale ke pATaNa AsapAsanA pradezamAM zakti-yoginI ane zaktipIThano ullekha thayelo che. tadanusAra emAM 108 yoginI nAma che ane sahastraliMganA pazcimottarane zaktipITha kahevAmAM AvyuM che. jainagraMtha

Page #120
taMtra, yoginI pUjA ane gujarAta 103 bhairava padmAvatIkalpamAM bharUca pAse 64 yoginI devI maMdirano ullekha che. teramA zatakamAM lakhAyela nATaka "mahArAjaparAjayamAM kolapaMtha aMge jaNAvela che. je parathI "zaNapalikA' gAma jillo jayapurarAjasthAna e kaula paMthanuM utpattisthAna jaNAvela che. jayAMthI eno gujarAta praveza manAya che. gujarAtamAM pAlodara, kAmalI Asoja (uttara gujarAta) ane maMjIpurA (jillo kheDA) yoginI pUjAnA kendro hatA. DabhoI prAcIna darbhAvatI ane AkhajamAM yoginI pUjA pracalanamAM hatI. TUMkamAM madhyakALathI yoginIpUjA astitvamAM hovAnuM maLatA maMdiro ane enA avazeSo, pratimAo, paTTazilA paTTa vagere parathI lAge che. killAnA daravAjA, kuMDanA gavAkSamAM ane kyAreka nAnA paTTa ane zilApaTa paranI yoginI AkRtio vagere enI sAbitI Ape che. hAla gujarAtamAM jene jogaNImAtA kahe che e ja yoginI. DabhoInA solaMkIkAlIna killAnA mahuDI daravAjA para 84 nAtha siddho jevA ke matyendranAtha, gorakSanAtha, gopIcaMda-mainAvatI vagerenI pratimAo isvIsananA 12mAM zatakanI che. bhAratabharamAM nAthasiddhonI A sauthI prAcIna mUrtio che. A badhA siddho haThayoga Asane che. vaDodarI bhAgoLano daravAjAno viSaya yoginI che. jyAre nADola daravAjA para pharIne yoginIo che. hirA daravAjA pAse kAlikA maMdiramAM kAlikA-yoginIo sAthe hoI, yoginI-asura saMgrAmanA dazyo che. kamanasIbe yoginIo khaMDita ghasAyela che. tethI nAma ke vAhana jANI zakAtA nathI. paraMtu te mAnavamukhI temaja keTalIka pazumukhI che. ema lAge che ke bheDAghATanI jema DabhoImAM paNa nAthasiddho sAthe 84 yoginI svarUpo rAjavI kuTumba mATe anAmata hovA puro saMbhava che. AkhajakuMDanI gavAkSa maMdira aSTamAtRkA lalitAsane bIrAjamAna hoI, mULe yoginIo gaNAya. jyAre ahIM ja anya yoginIo bhairava-gaNeza pratimAo sAthe batAvI che. jethI Akhajano 11mI zatAbdIno kuMDa "maMDala" hovA saMbhava che. je yoginI maMDalanI kalpanA sAthe susaMgata che. Ama Akhaja yoginIpUjAnuM kendra haze. | jhiMjhuvADAnA killAnA daravAjA paranI tAMtrIka devIoe yoginIo che. ahIMnI keTalIka pratimAone voTasana myujhiyama rAjakoTamAM khaseDI che. brahmANI, mahezvarI, kaumArI, indrANI, vArAhI, Agneyi ane cAmuMDA vagere devIonA hastamAM dhAraNa karela vADakA ane DhAla para matsya aMkIta che. je taMtramArga sUcave che. solaMkI rAjavIonI rAjadhAnI pATaNa vistAramAMthI 13mA zatakanI varAhamukhI yoginI cha bhUjALI che. traNamukhI yoginI 12 hastavALI i.sa.nA bAramAM saikAnI che. (bheDAghATamAM tene sarvatomukhI kahI che) A pratimAnI samakAlIna gajamukhI yoginI vainAkino eka kara abhaya che. A sivAya zIrSa tUTelA che. evI cAra, cAra hAthavALI pratimAo prApta che. dAhoda pAse jAlata gAme lakhezvarI mAtAnuM maMdira che. ahIMnI mAtRkAo tarIke pUjAtI nagna yoginIonA yonI bhAga pAse DhIMgaNI puruSAkRtio che. TUMkamAM bhAratanA anya bhAganI jema gujarAtamAM paNa taMtra-kaulamArga upAsanA, nAthasiddho ane yoginIpUjAnA purAvA sAMpaDyA che.

Page #121
21. rUpA mahetAnI chatrIno lekha paMcamahAla jillAnuM tAlukA mathakanuM gAma luNAvADA cAre tarapha vanarAjI ane DuMgaronA sAnidhyamAM AveluM che. gAmanI dakSiNe kALakAmAtAno DuMgara Avelo hoI, te para rUpA mahetAnI chatrI nAmathI oLakhAtuM nAnakaDuM smAraka AveluM che. sthAnikomAM e "meghAjInI chatrI" nAme paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che. smAraka para coDelI zveta ArasanI takatIne lIdhe samAdhi prakAranuM mRtyu-smAraka hovAnuM jaNAya che. 1 chatrI ATha mizraghATanA staMbho yukta hoI, upara ghUmaTa-kaLaza zobhe che. ghUmaTanI nIce (Base) aSTakoNa che. nIce pATaDA kADhelA che, je bahAra nIkaLatA chAdya banAve che. samagra smAraka retiyA pattharanuM che, je kALanA sapATA sAme jhIMka jhIlatuM khaMDita hAlatamAM che. takatI para gujarAtI lipi ane bhASAmAM kula bAra lITIvALo lekha kotarelo che. pratyeka lITImAM cArathI pAMca akSaro che. jyAre ke chellI paMktimAM traNa akSaro che. A lekha itihAsane upayogI che. adyApi ochA jANItA A lekhanI vigato ahIM rajU karI che. i.sa. 1817mAM cAMpAnera nA 5 vAra bA purU gha nAthe luNAvA DA upara caDhAI karelI te pra saMga svAsthAnanA bacAvamAM Te laDhatA saradAra megharAja khapI gayA temane ahiM agni saMskAra karI temanA smAraka tarIke A chatrI baMdhAvavAmAM A vI che. e ja laDAImAM khapI janA 2 rUpA vRjadAsa nag0Q, mAM tA ne paNa A sthaLe ja agni saMskAra thayo hato. lekha kotaranAre lakhANa (Text) taktInI jagyAmAM yogya rIte samAviSTa na thatAM ane

Page #122
rUpA mahetAnI chatrIno lekha 105 aNaAvaDatane kAraNe mULAkSaro-zabdo ayogya rIte ekathI bIjI paMktimAM chUTA lakhelA che. dAkhalA tarIke 5 vAra (pavAra), bA purU gha nAthe (rUghanAthe), mA Te(mATe) mAM tA (mahaMtA) vagere. A yuganA kotaranArAonI lahiyAonI paddhatinAM lakSaNo che. lekhanI bhASA karatAM lakhANanI gujarAtI lipi azuddha jaNAya che. kotaranAra kArIgare prathama taktI jaDI dIdhela haze ane pachIthI lakhANa (Text) takatInI jagyAmAM samAviSTa karavAno prayatna karyo che. A kAraNe akSaronA maroDa nAnA-moTA thayA che ane sapramANatA jaLavAI nathI. taduparAMta azuddhio paNa jovA maLI che. khAsa dhyAna kheMcatI bAbata to e che ke yogya mApa sAthe saMkalita kareluM lakhANa nathI. jema bIjI paMktimAM luNAvA ane cothI paMktimAM 'DA" (luNAvADA). trIjI paMktimAM "pra akSara lakhI choDI dIdhuM che ane cothI paMktimAM saMga pUrNa karela che. matalaba ke prasaMga Aja pramANe cothI lITImAM mA ane pAMcamI lITImAM Te-(mATe) AThamI lITImAM A ane navamI lITImAM vI che - AvI che). navamI paMktimAM janA ane dasamI lITImAM 2 - janAra). dasamI paMktimAM mahaM ane agiyAramI lITImAM tA (mahaMtA). uparokta doSo uparAMta zabdo AghApAchA thavAnI kSati paNa jovA maLI che. lekhanA aMtamAM pUrNavirAma bAda phUlabhAta kADhelI che. samagra lekhamAM i.sa. 1817no samaya ogaNIsamI sadIno lAge che. je anusAra cAMpAneranA mu vAra bA purudhana-rajo (muvArabApu rudhana rajo) e luNAvADA para caDAI karelI tyAre yuddhamAM saMsthAnanA bacAvamAM saradAra megharAja khapI jatAM eTale ke mRtyu pAmatAM emano agnisaMskAra karIne A smAraka chatrI (mRtyusmAraka) baMdhAvyAnI hakIkata jaNAvI che. vizeSamAM A ja laDAImAM khapI janAra rUpAvRjadAsa nAmanA mahaMtane paNa A sthaLe ja agnidAha ApyAno ullekha che. TUMkamAM cAMpAneranA bApunI luNAvADAnI caDAI ane emAM luNAvADA saMsthAna mATe laDatAM laDatAM saradAra megharAja khapI gayA. emanA agnisaMskAra, smAraka tema ja, mahaMtanA agnidAhanI vigato sAMpaDe che. sthAnika itihAsanI A atyaMta upayogI sAmagrI hovA vize be mata nathI, tema chatAM A bAbate aitihAsika vigato tapAsavI jarUrI bane che. A anusAra i.sa. 1816mAM luNAvADA para bAlAsinoranA navAba taraphathI tathA i.sa. 1817nA dhAranA pavAranA bApu raMganAtha nAmanA saradAre luNAvADA para satyAvIsa divasa kabajo jamAvyo hato tathA 40,000.00nI khaMDaNI TharAvIne teo dhAra pAchA pharyAno ullekha ke.kA.zAstrIe karelo che. je mATe zAstrIjIe mahArASTra sTeTa gejheTIyara hisTrI pArTa-3no AdhAra lIdho che. jo A bAbatane satya tarIke svIkArIe to prastuta lekhamAM jaNAvela cAMpAneranA bApu tarIke ullekhIta rUdhanarajo (raMganAtha) dhArano che. A jotAM aitihAsika vigata doSa jaNAya che. paNa samaya doSa jaNAto nathI. samagra rIte jotAM lekhanA akSaro gujarAtI lipinA boDIyA akSaro che. jo ke A samaye mathALA bAMdhIne lakhANa lakhavAmAM AvatuM ema ghaNI jagyAe jovAmAM AvyuM che, je parathI lAge che ke aitihAsika mAhitI sAcavato lekha banelA banAvano anukAlIna che.

Page #123
106 prAcIna uparokta bAbatane satya tarIke svIkAravAmAM Ave to lekha pAchaLathI besADyAnuM kahI zakAya; kAraNa ke temAM aMgrejI tArIkha che. i.sa. 1817=1766 vi.saMvata che. A samaya daramyAna siMdhiyA ane holkara vacce koI aNabanAva ke laDAI thaI che? kAraNa ke pezvA, holkara ane siMdhiyA vacce A varSomAM aNabanAva hato. jo ema hoya to emanA gharSaNanuM paNa AmAM sUcana jaNAya che. vaLI A samayamAM i.sa.no upayoga sAmAnya rIte tatkAlIna lekho jotAM saMbhavita lAgato nathI; kAraNa ke A vakhate vikrama saMvata ane zaka saMvatanI noMdha thatI jovAmAM Ave che. ane jo A svIkAravAmAM Ave to I.sa.no upayogavALo A lekha aitihAsika bayAna Apato hovA chatAM samakAlIna gaNavo yogya lAgato nathI. jethI luNAvADAnA rUpA mahetAnI chatrInA lekha aMge vadhu saMzodhana apekSita che. pAdaTIpa : 4. Sambodhi, Vol.XXIX, 2007, p.171 to 173 pl. on page 173. 2. S. N. Sen Administrative System of Marathas, Maharashtra State, Gazetteers, History, Part-III, p.220. 3. ke. kA. zAstrI, luNAvADA, gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa (saM.) parIkha - zAstrI, graMtha-7, marAThAkAla - pR.201.

Page #124
22. dadhipuranagara(dAhoda)nI salekha niSidhikA karNATa-karNATakanAM jaina smArako sAthe nisiddhi ke nisidhi ghaNI jagyAe jovA maLe che. saMskRta sAhityamAM niSidhikA, nisidhi, nisIdyA ane nisidyAlayam vagere zabdo che. keTalAka prAkRta graMthomAM nisIdyA prayoga karelo che. saMskRta TIkAkAra malayagiri tenuM rUpAMtara nisiddA-sthAnama kare che. Ama A zabdonAM aneka svarUpo jovAM maLyAM che. jema ke nisIpI, nisidA, nisidhIkA, nisipIga, nisadhI, nisidI, nisithAma, nisiplAya ke nisadhyAya vagere. vyutpattizAstra ane enA artha anvaye temAM koI khAsa phera nathI. jeno artha beThaka, besavAnI jagyA ke dhArmika vidhi mATenI beThaka, eka evI jagyA jeno upayoga koIe samAdhi-mRtyu mATe karelo hoya. matalaba ke nisiddhi e smRti-smAraka che, jyAM pavitra sAdhu, sAdhvI, gRhastha ke gRhiNIe svaicchika mRtyu meLavela hoya athavA to mRtyu pahelAnA aMtima zvAsa choDyA hoya. TUMkamAM nisiddhi maraNottara smRti-smAraka che. jyAM koI pavitra vyaktie dhArmika saMskAra mujaba A sthaLe aMtima zvAsa lIdhA hoya, aMtima kriyA thaI hoya, ke enAM asthi dATavAmAM AvyAM hoya. nisidhimAM corasa vedikA para zilApaTTa mUkI cAre tarapha yaSTi(staMbha) para paththara ke iMTonuM AcchAdana karavAmAM Ave che. pIThikA para pagalAMnI chApa ke pAdukA jovA maLe che. kyAreka saMbaMdhita vyaktinI AkRti ke rekhAMkana kaMDAravAmAM Ave che. lekhamAM sabaMdhita vyaktie kaI rIte svaicchika mRtyu svIkAryuM, kayA dAtA dvArA ke konI upasthitimAM A smAraka banAvavAmAM AvyuM? vagere jaNAvavAmAM Ave che. uparokta vivecana bAda ahIM prastuta adyApi aprasiddha nisiddhinI vigata joIe. prastuta niSidhikA prAcIna dadhipuranagara ane hAlanA dAhodanA zrI dUdhezvara mahAdevanA parisaramAM pravezanI uttara dizAe AvelI che. dUdhezvara zivAlaya dadhimati nadInA dakSiNa taTe AveluM che. lokavAyakA anusAra atre dadhIci RSino Azrama hato.' niSiddhi khullI jagyAmAM Adhunika bAMdhelI oTalI vacce yaSTirUpe jaDI dIdhelI che. e pASANamAMthI nirmita mizraghATanI hoI, samagra mApa 1.46 X 0.27 X 0.23 se.mI. che. nIcethI upara tarapha jatAM kramazaH lekha kaMDArela corasavATa, upara aSTakoNa, tathA vRttAkAra, punaHaSTakoNa paTTIkA, te para khAsanamAM aMkita zilpa sAthenI aSTakoNa paTTI ane cAre taraphanA corasa bhAgamAM cAre bAju

Page #125
108 prAcIna paryakAsanI pratimA zobhe che. jenI uparanA bhAge anukrame corasa ane vRttAkAra Amalaka tathA Toca para kaLaza batAvela che. sauthI nIcenA khagrAsanastha mUrtinA corasa bhAgamAM devanAgarI lipimAM lekha kotarelo che. lekha pramANamAM suvAcya na hovA chatAM lakhANa nIce mujaba hoya tema lAge che. lekha cAra paMktino che : saMvata 1232 bhAga sirasuvidvAna//ra/(?) - TA: ratasiMha: ()va to tiH | prastuta lekhamAM ratnasiMha, devalokagataH tathA saMvata 1232 spaSTa vAMcI zakAya che. niSidhikA tenI miti parathI saMvata 1232 (i.sa. 1176)no samayakALa batAve che. je aitihAsika ane purAtattvanI rIte mahattvanuM che. lekhamAM ullekhita ratnasiMha nAmathI mahadaMze te rAjapUta hovAnuM phalita thAya che, je zreSThI, sAmaMta ke tatkAlIna samayamAM mobhAnuM sthAna dharAvanAra jainadharmAvalaMbI hovAnuM suspaSTa che. prastuta niSidhinAmAM kaMDArela khagAsana ane paryakAsanastha tIrthakara tenA digaMbara saMpradAyano nirdeza kare che. lekhamAM jaNAvela ratnasiMha te koNa? eno uttara to granthaprazastio ke gurnAvalIo maLI Ave to thaI zake. A aMge vadhu saMzodhana apekSita che. pAdaTIpa : 9. A.N. Upadhye, Nisidhi - It's Meaning, Memorial Stones - A Study : their origin, significance and variety, (Ed.) S. Settar, Gunther D., Sontheimer, Dharwad, 1982, pp. 45-46 2. rAyapasanIya sUtra : 28, te paranI malayagirinI Agamodaya TIkA 3. prAcIna dadhipuranagara-dAhoda mATe juo, ravi hajaranIsa ane munIndra jozI, dadhipuranagara(dAhoda)nA zrI dUdhezvara mahAdevano vi.sa. 1800no zilAlekha, sAmIpya, okTobara 97 mArca 1998, pR.53-54. 4. ejana, pR.53 5. ejana, pR.54

Page #126
1. zikArI ToLakIo, mAnava prAraMbhakAla 2. sAbarakAMThAnA zailacitromAM nRtyanuM dazya 3. lAkaDI jevI dehayaSTi, lAlaraMgathI dorela lAkhAjora 4. bhUvAnRtya, bhImabeThako, lAlaraMga, Mesolithic Period (Middle Stone Age) eka bhUvAe jaMgalIvRSa-mahoruM-zRMga sAthe bIjA bhUvAe pIchAM zire paridhAna karelAM che. anya be emane AvakAratA dekhAya che. 5. 'ka' AkAra ke lAkaDI jevA AkAravALA nRtyakAro. kharavAI 6. bhUvo nIce taraphanA zaravALA bANa. madhyAMtarapASANayugano aMtabhAga, bhImabeThakA 7. gaMDava-uttara pazcima sImAprAnta pArkasthAna, I.sa.pU.prathama zatAbdI 8. thAMbhalIvALo khattaka, mahAgurjarazailI, 9mI-10mI zatAbdI 9. dvibhUja gaNeza, zAmaLAjI, cothI sadInA uttarArdha, vaDodarA saMgrahAlaya ane citrAlayano saMgraha 10. kArtikeya zAmaLAjI, i.sa.nuM pAMcamuM zataka 11. kArtikeya zAmaLAjI, i.sanuM pAMcamA zatakanA aMtabhAga ke chaThThA saikAnA zarUAta 12. yakSa ke bodhisatva zAmaLAjI, i.sa.nI pAMcamI sadI 13. maMjIrAvAdIkA temaja tabalAvAdaka, pArzvanAtha ciMtAmaNI derAsara, surata, vAsudevasmArtanA saujanyathI 14. hallIsaka nRtya, bAgha, gujarAtInI maitrakakAlInakalA, vAsudevasmAtanA saujanyathI 15. pArzvanAtha ciMtAmaNI derAsara, surata raMgamaMDapanA bhArapaTTa 16. kIrtimukho, kAyAvarohaNa AThamI-navamI zatAbdI 17. vikRtAnana AsurI mAnuSI moharA jevI AkRtio, devanI morI, 7mI 8mI sadI 18. bAlazilpa - rauDA 7mI/8mI zatAbdI 19. dvArazAkha ke parikarano bhAga 20. viSNupratimA, 8mI sadI 21. devImastaka, sulatAnapura, banAsakAMThA, sAtamI sadInA aMtabhAga ke AThamI sadInI zarUAta 22. hastiyugma, ghumalI, 11-12mI sadI

Page #127
_

Page #128
1.zikArI ToLakIo, mAnava prAraMbhakAla 2. sAbarakAMThAnA zailacitromAM nRtyanuM dazya

Page #129
3.lAkaDI jevI dehayaSTi, lAlaraMgathI dorela lAkhAjora 4. bhUvAnRtya, bhImabeThakA, lAlaraMga, Mesolithic Period (Middle Stone Age) eka bhUvAe jaMgalIvRSa-mahoruM-zaMga sAthe bIjA bhUvAe pIchAM zire paridhAna karelAM che. anya be emane AvakAratA dekhAya che.

Page #130
5. 'ka' AkAra ke lAkaDI jevA AkAravALA nRtyakAro. kharavAI

Page #131
6.bhUvo nIce taraphanA zarAMvALA bANa. madhyAMtarapASANayugano aMtabhAga, bhImabeThako 7. gaMDava-uttara pazcima sImAmAnta pArkasthAna, i.sa.pU.prathamazatAbdI

Page #132
8.thAMbhalIvALo khattaka, mahAgurjarazailI, 9mI-10mI zatAbdI

Page #133
9.dvibhUja gaNeza, zAmaLAjI, cothI sadInA uttarArdha, vaDodarA saMgrahAlaya

Page #134
10. kArtikeya zAmaLAjI, i.sa.nuM pAMcamuM zataka 11. kArtikeya zAmaLAjI, i.sanuM pAMcamAM zatakanA aMtabhAga ke chaThThA saikAnA zarUAta

Page #135
12. yakSa ke bodhisatva zAmaLAjI, i.sa.nI pAMcamI sadI

Page #136
d ( [ 13. maMjIrAvAdIkA temaja tabalAvAdaka, pArzvanAtha ciMtAmaNI derAsara, surata, vAsudevasmArtanA saujanyathI 32 )). : : 14. hallIsaka nRtya, bAgha, gujarAtInI maitrakakAlInakalA, vAsudevasmArtanA saujanyathI

Page #137
IS. 15, pArzvanAtha ciMtAmaNI derAsara, surata raMgamaMDapanA bhArapaTTa

Page #138
16. kIrtimukho, kAyAvarohaNa AThamA-navamI zatAbdI 17. vikRtAnana AsurI mAnuSI moharA jevI AkRtio, devanI morI, 7mI 8mI sadI

Page #139
18. bAlazilpa - rauDA 7mI 8mI zatAbdI - T}}} 19. dvArazAkha ke parikarano bhAga

Page #140
20. viSNupratimA, 8mI sadI

Page #141
21. devImastaka, sulatAnapura, banAsakAMThA, sAtamI sadIno aMtabhAga ke AThamI sadInI zarUAta 22. hastiyugma, ghumalI, 11-12mI sadI

Page #142
lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira navaraMgapurA, amadAvAda 380 009