Apbhramsa Vyakaran

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002301/1

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apabhraMza-vyAkaraNa sandhi-samAsa-kAraka DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI NANujjIvI jIvA jainavidyA saMsthAna zrI mahAvIrajI apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI rAjasthAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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apabhraMza-vyAkaraNa sandhi-samAsa-kAraka DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI (pUrva prophesara, darzanazAstra) sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura HTTTTTIN apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI rAjasthAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzaka apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI, zrI mahAvIrajI - 322 220 (rAjasthAna) . prApti sthAna 1. jainavidyA saMsthAna, zrI mhaaviirjii| 2. sAhitya vikraya kendra, . digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI, savAI rAmasiMha roDa, jayapura - 302 004 prathama saMskaraNa - mArca 2007 sarvAdhikAra prakAzakAdhIna mUlya : 30/ pRSTha saMyojana zyAma agravAla, e-336, mAlavIya nagara, jayapura mudraka jayapura prinTarsa prA. li., ema.AI.roDa, jayapura - 302 001 For Personal & Private Use Only

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viSaya Arambhika va prakAzakIya sandhi sandhi prayoga ke udAharaNa samAsa anukramaNikA samAsa prayoga ke udAharaNa kAraka For Personal & Private Use Only pRSTha saMkhyA 1-7 8-11 12 - 19 20 - 27 28-53

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Arambhika va prakAzakIya 'apabhraMza vyAkaraNa' pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM samarpita karate hue hameM harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai| yaha sarvavidita hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne janabhASA "prAkRta" meM upadeza dekara sAmAnyajana ke lie vikAsa kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| prAkRta bhASA hI apabhraMza ke rUpa meM vikasita hotI huI prAdezika bhASAoM evaM hindI kA srota bnii| ataH hindI evaM anya sabhI uttara bhAratIya bhASAoM ke vikAsa ke itihAsa ke adhyayana ke lie "apabhraMza bhASA" kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai| digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI dvArA saMcAlita 'jainavidyA saMsthAna' ke antargata 'apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI' kI sthApanA san 1988 meM kI gii| apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI, jayapura dvArA mukhyataH patrAcAra ke mAdhyama se apabhraMza kA adhyApana kiyA jAtA hai| apabhraMza bhASA ko sIkhane-samajhane ko dhyAna meM rakhakara 'apabhraMza racanA saurabha' 'apabhraMza abhyAsa saurabha' 'prauDha apabhraMza racanA saurabha' 'apabhraMza kAvya saurabha' Adi pustakoM kA prakAzana kiyA jA cukA hai| isI krama meM 'apabhraMza vyAkaraNa' pustaka taiyAra kI gaI hai| kisI bhI bhASA ko sIkhane-samajhane ke lie usakI vyAkaraNa va racanAprakriyA kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| prauDha apabhraMza racanA saurabha bhAga-1 meM vibhinna prakAra ke avyaya, vibhinna prakAra ke vizeSaNoM, vibhinna vibhaktiyoM meM vartamAna kRdanta ke prayogoM tathA bhUtakAlika kRdanta ke vibhinna prayogoM ko samajhAyA gayA hai| inako samajhAne ke lie kAvyoM se vAkya prayogoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| prastuta pustaka 'apabhraMza vyAkaraNa' meM sandhi, samAsa aura kAraka udAharaNa sahita samajhAye gae haiN| isase pAThaka sahaja-sucAru rUpa se apabhraMza bhASA meM racanA karane kA abhyAsa kara skeNge| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pustaka prakAzana meM pradatta sahayoga ke lie apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI ke vidvAnoM va prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI ke vidvAnoM ke AbhArI haiN| - pRSTha saMyojana ke lie zrI zyAma agravAla evaM mudraNa ke lie jayapura prinTarsa prA. li. dhanyavAdAha haiN| maMtrI narezakumAra seThI narendra pATanI adhyakSa prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI . DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI saMyojaka jainavidyA saMsthAna samiti mahAvIra jayantI caitra zukla trayodazI vIra nirvANa saMvat 2533 31.03.2007 For Personal & Private Use Only

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samarpaNa DaoN. nemicandrajI zAstrI . evaM paM. becaradAsa jIvarAjajI dozI For Personal & Private Use Only

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sandhi do nikaTa varNoM ke paraspara mila jAne ko sandhi kahate haiN| jaba eka zabda ke Age dUsarA zabda AtA hai to pahale zabda ke aMtima varNa aura dUsare zabda ke prathama varNa ke mila jAne se jo parivartana hotA hai, vaha parivartana sandhi kahalAtA hai| jaise jIva + ajIva nara + Isara loga + uttamA nara + iMda apabhraMza sAhitya meM pAI jAne vAlI vibhinna sandhiyA~ nimna prakAra haiM : : 1) samAna svara sandhi : (hema - 1/5 ) (ka) a + a a + A = A + a = = (kha) i + i = I jaise (ga) u + u = u + U = + I = I jaise + i = I jaise + I = I jaise U jaise A jaise jIva + ajIva jIvAjIva (jIva aura ajIva ) A jaise hima + Alaya = himAlaya (himAlaya parvata) - - jIvAjIva = A + A A jaise vijjA + Alaya = vijjAlaya (vidyA kA sthAna) - = = loguttamA - - A jaise- dayA + aNusaraNa = dayANusaraNa (dayA kA anusaraNa) - - giri + Isa = girIsa (himAlaya parvata) = sAmi + ibha sAmIbha (svAmI kA hAthI) = = gAmaNI + isu puhavI + Isa puhavIsa (pRthvI kA svAmI) U jaise- sAhu + UAsa = = guru + uvadesa = gurUvadesa (guru kA upadeza ) sAhUAsa (sAdhu kA upavAsa) U + u = U jaise - camU + udaya camUdaya ( senA kI unnati) U + U = U jaise - sayaMbhU + UsAha = sayaMbhUsAha (svayaMbhU kA utsAha) = = naresara nariMda / apabhraMza vyAkaraNa: sandhi- samAsa-kAraka (1) gAmaNI (gA~va ke mukhiyA kA bANa ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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2) asamAna svara sandhi : (e aura o rUpa vidhAna) [pizala, pArA 149 (pR.247)] (ka) a + i = e jaise - desa + ilA = deselA (deza kI bhUmi) A + i = e jaise - guhA + isi = guhesi (guphA kA RSi) a + I = e jaise - diNa + Isa = diNesa (sUrya) A + I = e jaise - sikkhA + IhA = sikkhehA (zikSA kA vicAra) (kha) a + u = o jaise - savva + udaya = savvodaya (sarvodaya) A + u = o jaise - gaMgA + udaya = gaMgodaya (gaMgA kA jala) a + U = o jaise - paroppara + UhApoha = paropparohApoha (Apasa meM soca-vicAra) A + U = o jaise - dayA + UNa = dayoNa (dayA se hIna) 3) svara-sandhi niSedha : (hema - 1/6, 7, 9) (ka) i, I, u, U ke pazcAt koI vijAtIya svara Ave to sandhi nahIM hotI hai| jaisejAi + andha = jAiandha (janma se andhA) puDhavI + Au = puDhavIAu (pRthvI kI Ayu) bahu + aTThiya = bahuaTThiya (bahuta haDDiyoM vAlA) taNU + akaya = taNUakaya (zarIra se nahIM kiyA huA) (kha) e aura o ke bAda svara hone para sandhi nahIM hotI hai| jaise - (hema - 177) lacchIe + ANaMdo = lacchIeANaMdo (lakSmI kA Ananda) mahAvIre + Agacchai = mahAvIreAgacchai (mahAvIra Ate haiM) aho + acchariyaM = ahoacchariyaM (prazaMsanIya Azcarya) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (2) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(ga) kriyApada ke pratyaya ke svara kI anya kisI bhI dUsare svara ke sAtha sandhi nahIM hotI hai (hema - 1/9) jaise - hoi + iha = hoi iha (yahA~ hotA hai) 4) lopa-vidhAna sandhi : (hema - 1/10) (ka) svara ke bAda svara rahane para pUrva svara kA lopa vikalpa se ho jAtA hai| jaise nara + Isara = narIsara athavA naresara (nara kA svAmI) mahA + isi = mahisi athavA mahesi (bar3A indra) sAsaNa + udaya = sAsaNodaya athavA sAsaNudaya (zAsana kA lAbha) mahA + Usava = mahUsava athavA mahosava (mahA utsava) : (kha) e, o se pahale a, A kA lopa ho jAtA hai| [pizala, pArA 153 (pR. 251)] jala + oha = jaloha (jala kA bhaMDAra) Nava + elA = NavelA (ilAyacI kA nayA per3a) vaNa + olI = vaNolI (vana kI zreNI) mAlA + ohaDa = mAlohaDa (mAlA pheMkI huI) (ga) (i) pUrva pada ke pazcAt a kA lopa dikhAne ke lie eka avagraha cihna (5) likhA jAtA hai, jaise - . jara) kA+ avatthA = kA'vatthA (kyA avasthA) (ii) pUrvapada ke pazcAt A kA lopa dikhAne ke lie do avagraha cihna (55) bhI likhe jAte haiM, jaise - nA + AlaseNa = nA''laseNa (Alasya ke binA) 5) anusvAra vidhAna : anusvAra ke pazcAt kavarga, cavarga, Tavarga, tavarga aura pavarga ke akSara hone se krama se anusvAra ko aj, Na, n aura m vikalpa se hote haiN| (hema-1/30) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (3) For Personal & Private Use Only

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kavarga kha - paM + ka = paGka, paMka (pu.)(kIcar3a) saM + kha = saGgha, saMkha (pu.)(zaMkha) aM+ gaNa = aGgaNa, aMgaNa (napu.)(AMgaNa/cauka) laM + ghaNa = lavaNa, laMghaNa (napu.) (upavAsa) - cavarga ja - jha - kaM + cua = kaJjua, kaMcua (pu.) (sAMpa kI keMculI) laM + chaNa = laJchaNa, laMchaNa (napu.) (ciha) aM + jia = aJjia, aMjia (napu.) (aMjanayukta) saM + jhA = saJjhA, saMjhA (strI.)(sAyaMkAla) Tavarga Ta - kaM + Taa = kaNTaa, kaMTaa (pu.) (kA~TA) u + kaMThA = ukkaNThA, ukkaMThA (strI.) (prabala icchA) kaM + Da = kaNDa, kaMDa (napu.) (bANa) saM + Da = saNDa, saMDa (pu.) (baila) tavarga ta - aM+ tara = antara, aMtara (napu.) (bhItara kA) paM + tha - pantha, paMtha (pu.) (mArga) caM + da = canda, caMda (pu.) (candramA) baM + dhava = bandhava, baMdhava (pu.) (bandhu) pavarga pa - pha - kaM + pa = kampa, kaMpa (pu.) (calana) vaM + phai = vamphai, vaMphai (cAhatA hai) (vartamAna kAla) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (4) For Personal & Private Use Only

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- kalaM + ba - kalamba, kalaMba (pu.) (kadamba vRkSa) bha - AraM + bha = Arambha, AraMbha (pu.) (zuruAta) 5.1 anusvAra Agama : (hema - 1/26) (i) prathama svara para anusvAra kA Agama : . asu aMsu (A~sU) dasaNa daMsaNa (dA~ta se kATanA) (ii) dvitIya svara para anusvAra kA Agama : iha , ihaM (yahA~) maNasI > maNaMsI (prasanna manavAlA) maNasiNI > maNasiNI (prasanna manavAlI) muhu >> muhaM (bArabAra) aja - ajaM (Aja) (iii) tRtIya svara para anusvAra kA Agama : uvari uvari (Upara) aimuttaya >> (aimuMttaya) (eka prakAra kI latA) . 5.2 anusvAra lopa : (hema - 1/29) (1) prathama svara para anusvAra kA lopa : __siMha , sIha (siMha) kiM ki (kyA) (ii) dvitIya svara para anusvAra kA lopa : kahaM . kaha (kaise) IsiM Isi (thor3A) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (5) For Personal & Private Use Only

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evaM dANiM eva ( isaprakAra ) > dANi (isa samaya ) (iii) tRtIya svara para anusvAra kA lopa : iyANiM > iyANi (isa samaya ) 6 ) avyaya - sandhi : 'avyaya padoM meM sandhikArya karane ko avyaya sandhi kahA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha sandhi bhI svara sandhi ke antargata hI hai, to bhI vistAra se vicAra karane ke lie isa sandhi kA pRthak ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ' (i) kisI bhI pada ke bAda Aye hue api/avi avyaya ke 'a' kA vikalpa se lopa hotA hai (hema - 1/41 ) jaise kreNa + api / avi keNapi/keNavi athavA keNApi /keNAvi kiM + api/avi kiMpi / kiMvi athavA kimapi / kimavi (ii) kisI bhI pada ke bAda meM rahane vAle iti avyaya ke 'i' kA lopa ho jAtA hai / (hema - 1 /42 ) jaise - kiM + iti = kiMti juttaM + iti = juttaMti (ii) yadi svarAnta pada ke bAda 'iti' avyaya A jAe to uparyukta niyama se iko lopa kara dene para ti kA dvitva tti ho jAtA hai| (hema - 1/42 ) jaise - tahA + iti = tahAtti > tahatti (saMyukta akSara Age Ane ke kAraNa hA > ha ho jAtA hai) puriso + iti purisotti purisuti (saMyukta akSara Age Ane ke kAraNa ho jAtA hai) = (iv) sarvanAmoM se pare avyayoM ke Adi svara kA vikalpa se lopa ho jAtA hai, ( hema - 1 /40 ) jaise - apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (6) For Personal & Private Use Only

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ammi + ettha = ammittha athavA ammi ettha (maiM yahA~) tujjha + ittha = tujjhattha athavA tujjha ittha (tuma saba yahA~) (v) avyayoM se pare sarvanAmoM ke Adi svara kA vikalpa se lopa ho jAtA hai| (hema - 1/40) jaise - jai + ahaM = jaihaM athavA jai ahaM (yadi maiM) jai + imA = jaimA athavA jai imA (yadi yaha) 7.1 nimnalikhita vidhA ke zabdoM ke saMdhi vidhAna ko jAnanA upayogI hai| dIrgha svara ke Age yadi saMyukta akSara ho to usa dIrgha svara kA hrasva svara ho jAtA hai| (hema - 1/84) nimnalikhita kucha udAharaNa diye jA rahe haiM - (i) viraha + aggi = virahAggi > virahaggi (A > a) = viraha kI agni ... muNi + iMda = muNIMda > muNiMda (I > i) = muniyoM meM zreSTha camU + ucchAha = camUcchAha > camucchAha (U > u) = senA kA utsAha (ii) desa + iDDi = deseDDi > desiDDi (e > i) = deza kA vaibhava .. puppha + ujjANa = puSphojANa > pupphujjANa (o > u) = phUloM kA bgiicaa| 7.2 Adi svara 'i' ke Age yadi saMyukta akSara A jAe to usa Adi 'i' kA 'e' vikalpa se hotA hai| jaise - sindUra athavA senduur| kahIM kahIM para 'i' ke Age saMyukta akSara hone para 'i' kA 'e' nahIM hotaa| jaise - cintA (yahA~ 'i' kA 'e' nahIM huA), icchA (yahA~ 'i' kA 'e' nahIM huaa)| inako sAhitya evaM koza ke AdhAra se jAnanA caahie| (hema - 1/85) . .. na + icchasi = Necchasi > Nicchasi (e > i)| kintu prayogoM meM 'necchasi' milatA hai| yaha aniyamita prayoga hai| 8) apabhraMza meM sandhi vaikalpika hai anivArya nhiiN| akSara parivartana tathA lopa ke niyama kA upayoga karate samaya artha bhrama na ho, isakA dhyAna rakhanA jarUrI hai| . apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (7) For Personal & Private Use Only

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sandhi prayoga ke udAharaNa (apabhraMza kAvya saurabha) nimnalikhita kA sandhi viccheda kIjie aura sandhi kA niyama btlaaiiye| pATha 1 = paumacariu pRSTha NaveppiNu = 22 saMkhyA bahu-dukkhAUru AsADhaTThamihiM _ = 5 visayAsattu rahasucchaliya __ = 6 savvAharaNaho pANavallahiya = 6 attAvaNu dhavaliyAsu vaDDiGa paDhamAusu karevau dhigatthu = 11 pATha 3 = paumacariu pRSTha / jIvAu viyappevi cintAvaNNu aNuvAhaNu NisuNevi gayaNaGgaNe pAviTThaho dhammiTThaho vaNantare 17 . dhUmAvali pavaNAkampiya pATha 2 = paumacariu pRSTha saMkhyA bhayAurae uvvellijjai = 19 apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (8) For Personal & Private Use Only

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pATha 4 = paumacariu jio si ekkantaru bhamarAvalihi jalolli samaraGgaNe saraNAiya dasAsaho sauNAhAreM pATha 5 = paumacariu sokkhuppattI * kAlAntareNa lavaku vaNantare kuluggayahe Dahevi pATha 6. = mahApurANa thiyamiha pRSTha saMkhyA = 42 = = = EUR 45 = 43 = 50 = = 50 47 = Tha Tha = 333 53 pRSTha saMkhyA 53. = 56 58 61 = 61 63 = 65 pRSTha saMkhyA = 66 NiccalaMgayaM jeNeyahu teohAmiyacaMdadiNesahaM paNavijjai Dahivi Dhoyavi jeNeha pATha 7 = mahApurANa kAlA lu paramuNNai tuhuppari raNagaNi bANAvali pATha 8 = " mahApurANa mahurakkharehiM rAmAhirAma mellavi haMsAvali apabhraMza vyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa - kAraka (9) For Personal & Private Use Only = = || = = = = = = = = 66 = 67 67 72 pRSTha saMkhyA 75 75 77 79 79 84 84 888 = 89 pRSTha saMkhyA = 93 = 94 = 95 = 96

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103 sappAi ... = 159 = 112 . pATha 9 = jambU- pRSTha pATha 13 = sAmicariu saMkhyA dhaNNakumAracariu pRSTha / saMkhyA jANAviu = 100 mAraNatthi ekekara 101, bhayAura nisAgami = 106 visamAvatthahiM pATha 10 = sudaMsaNa- pRSTha __pavaNAhaya cariu saMkhyA caraNAraviMda = 112 dhAivi jammaMtara jiNAyamu __ = 162 NarayaNNave payaDiyasuvAu = 162 divvAharaNa pATha 14 = hemacandra- pRSTha malayAyale ke dohe saMkhyA dhammovaesu asulahamecchaNa = 167 pATha 11 = sudaMsaNa- pRSTha kuDullI = 171 cariu jibbhindiu _ = 172 siviNaMtaru = 130 jeppi = 172 NisuNivi bhuJjaNahaM = 173 jaIsa ___ = 136 pATha 15 = paramAtma- pRSTha pATha 12 = karakaMDa- pRSTha saMkhyA cariu saMkhyA = 175 khamIsu = 144 - 113 - 119 - 125 = 126 saMkhyA = 130 = 136 prakAza cA paramappu apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (10) For Personal & Private Use Only

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= 181 paramANaMda jIvAjIva aNiMdiu pATha 16 = pAhuDadohA pRSTha saMkhyA appAyattau = 183 kammAyattau = 185 sumiTThAhAra = 188 pATha 17 = sAvaya- pRSTha dhammadohA saMkhyA khettiyaI dosaDa thovaDau kijai mellivi jIviyalAhaDau . . = 198 lahivi ... = 199 apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (11) For Personal & Private Use Only

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samAsa "samAsa kA artha hai saMkSepa yAne thor3e zabdoM meM adhika artha batAne vAlI zailI kA nAma samAsa hai| bolacAla kI lokabhASA meM isa zailI kA pracAra bahuta kama dikhAI detA hai| parantu jaba lokabhASA kevala sAhitya kI bhASA bana jAtI hai taba usameM bhI isakA prayoga pracura mAtrA meM hotA hai|" " 'nyAya kA adhIza' kahanA ho to samAsa vihIna zailI meM 'nAyasu adhIsu' kahA jaaegaa| jaba ki samAsazailI meM 'nAyAdhIsu' kahA jAegA arthAt jisa artha ko batAne ke lie samAsa vihIna zailI meM chaH akSaroM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai usI artha ko batAne ke lie samAsazailI meM kevala cAra akSaroM se hI kAma cala jAtA hai|" __ "isI prakAra 'jisa deza meM bahuta se vIra haiM vaha deza' kahanA ho to samAsa vihIna zailI meM jahiM dese bahu vIrA santi so desu' itanA lambA vAkya kahanA par3atA hai jaba ki usI artha ko batAne ke lie samAsa zailI meM 'bahuvIru desu' itane kama akSaroM se hI kAma cala jAtA hai arthAt jisa artha ko batAne ke lie samAsa vihIna zailI meM caudaha akSaroM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, usI artha ko saMpUrNa rUpa se batAne vAlI samAsa zailI meM kevala chaH akSaroM se hI sundara rUpeNa kAma cala jAtA hai| samAsa zailI kI yahI saba se bar3I vizeSatA hai|" samAsa ke cAra bheda nimnalikhita haiM : 1. daMda (dvandva) 2. tappurisa (tatpuruSa) 2.1 karmadhAraya samAsa ke bheda haiN| 2.2 dvigu samAsa / apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (12) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #22
3. bahuvvIhi (bahuvrIhi), 4. avvaIbhAva (avyyiibhaav)| jina zabdoM kA samAsa kiyA jAtA hai unheM alaga-alaga kara dene ko vigraha kahate haiN| 1. daMda samAsa (dvandva samAsa) do yA do se adhika saMjJAe~ eka sAtha rakhI gaI hoM to vaha dvandva samAsa kahalAtA hai| jaise - 'mAtA-pitA', 'sgaa-smbndhii'| ye donoM udAharaNa dvandva samAsa ke haiN| usI prakAra 'puNNapAvAiM', 'jIvAjIvA', 'suhadukkhAI', 'surAsurA' Adi udAharaNa bhI dvandva samAsa ke haiN| do yA do se adhika saMjJAoM ko ca (ya) zabda dvArA jor3A gayA ho, to vaha bhI dvandva samAsa kahalAtA hai, jaise - puNNa ca pAva ca punnnnpaavaaii| jIva ya ajIva ya jiivaajiiv| suhu ca dukkhu ca suhdukkhaaii| rUvu ya sohaggu ya jovvaNu ya ruuvsohggjovvnnaaii| dvandva samAsa dvArA bane zabda adhikatara bahuvacana meM rakhe jAte haiN| dvandva samAsa ke vigraha meM ya, a athavA ca prayukta hotA hai| 2. 'tappurisa samAsa (tatpuruSa samAsa) . jisa samAsa kA pUrva pada apanI-vibhakti ke sambandha se uttarapada ke sAtha milA huA ho, vaha tatpuruSa samAsa kahalAtA hai| isa samAsa kA pUrva pada dvitIyA vibhakti se lekara saptamI vibhakti taka hotA hai| pUrva pada jisa vibhakti kA ho, usI nAma se tatpuruSa samAsa kahA jaayegaa| biiA vibhatti tappurisa (dvitIyA tatpuruSa), taiyA vibhatti tappurisa (tRtIyA apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (13) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #23
tatpuruSa), cautthI vibhatti tappurisa (caturthI tatpuruSa), paMcamI vibhatti tappurisa (paMcamI tatpuruSa), chaTThI vibhatti tappurisa (SaSThI tappuruSa) aura sattamI vibhatti tappurisa ( saptamI tatpuruSa ) / (i) biiA / bIA vibhatti tappurisa (dvitIyA tatpuruSa) atIta, paDia, gaa, patta aura AvaNNa zabdoM ke yoga meM dvitIyA vibhakti ke Ane para dvitIyA - tatpuruSa samAsa hotA hai| jaise - iMdiya atIto = iMdiyAtIto (iMdriyoM se atIta), aggi paDia aggipaDia (agni meM paDA huA), siva gau = sivagaDa (ziva ko prApta), suha pattu = suhapattu (sukha ko prApta), palaya gao palayagao (pralaya ko prApta), diva gaa = divagaa (svarga ko prApta), kaMTTha AvaNNo kaTThAvaNo (kaSTa ko prApta) / -- = (ii) taiA vibhatti tappurisa (tRtIyA tatpuruSa ) - jaba tatpuruSa samAsa kA prathama zabda tRtIyA vibhakti meM ho, taba use tRtIyA tatpuruSa samAsa kahate haiM / jaise sAhUhiM vandiu = sAhuvaMdiu (sAdhuoM dvArA vaMdita ), jiNeM sarisu = jiNasarisu (jinake samAna), dayAe jutu = dayAjutu (dayA se yukta), guNehiM saMpanna = guNasaMpanna ( guNoM se sampanna), paMkeM littu = paMkalitu (kIcar3a se lipta ) / = (iii) cautthI vibhati tappurisa (caturthI tatpuruSa ) - jaba tatpapuruSa samAsa kA prathama zabda caturthI vibhakti meM ho, taba use caturthI tatpuruSa samAsa kahate haiN| jaise - apabhraMza vyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (14) mokkhaho nANa = mokkhanANa (mokSa ke lie jJAna ), loyAho hia loyahia (loka ke lie hita ), logasu suhu - logasuhu (loga ke lie sukha), bahujaNasu hima - bahujaNahia (bahujanoM ke lie hita ) / For Personal & Private Use Only =

Page #24
(iv) paMcamI vibhatti tappurisa (paJcamI tatpuruSa)- jaba tatpuruSa samAsa kA pahalA zabda paJcamI vibhakti meM rahatA hai, taba use paJcamI tatpuruSa samAsa kahate haiN| jaise - saMsArahe bhIu = saMsArabhIu (saMsAra se bhayabhIta), daMsaNahe bhaTTha = dasaNabhaTTha (darzana se bhraSTa), annANahu bhaya = annANabhaya (ajJAna se bhaya), riNAhe muttu = riNamuttu (RNa se mukta), corahu bhaya = corabhaya (cora se bhy)| (v) chaTThI vibhatti tappurisa (SaSThI tatpuruSa)- jaba tatpuruSa samAsa kA prathama zabda SaSThI vibhakti meM rahatA hai, taba use SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa kahate haiN| jaise - devasu maMdira = devamaMdira (deva kA maMdira), vijjAhe ThANu = vijAThANu (vidyA kA sthAna), dhammasu puttu = dhammaputtu (dharma kA putra), devasu thuI = devathuI (deva kI stuti), bahUhe muhu = bahUmuhu (vadhU kA mukha), samAhi ThANu = samAhiThANu (samAdhi sthaan)| (vi) sattamI vibhatti tappurisa (saptamI tatpuruSa)- jaba tatpuruSa samAsa kA prathama zabda saptamI vibhakti meM rahatA hai, taba use saptamI tatpuruSa samAsa kahate haiN| jaise - kalAhiM kusalu = kalAkusalu (kalAoM meM kuzala), gihi jAu = gihajAu (ghara meM utpanna), narehiM se? = naraseTTha (naroM meM zreSTha), kamme kusalu = kammakusalu (karma meM kuzala), sabhAhiM paMDia = sabhApaMDia (sabhA meM pnnddit)| 2.1 kammadhAraya samAsa (karmadhAraya samAsa)- vizeSaNa aura vizeSya kA samAsa bhI tatpuruSa ke bhItara samajhA gayA hai, usakA dUsarA nAma hai - karmadhAraya smaas| jaise - apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka ( 15) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #25
ratta so ghaDa = rattaghaDo (lAla ghar3A), vIru so jiNu = vIrajiNo (vIrajina), suddha so pakkhu = suddhapakkho (zuddha pakSa), pIataM vattha = pIavattha (pIlA vastra), suMdarA sA paDimA = suMdarapaDimA (sundara prtimaa)| ___ kabhI samAsa meM donoM zabda vizeSaNa bhI hote haiN| jaise - rattapIa vattha (lAla-pIlA vastra), sIuNha jala (zIta aura USNa jl)| . kaI bAra pUrva pada upamA sUcaka hotA hai| jaise - caMdu iva muha = candamuhu (candramA ke samAna mukh)| vaja iva deha = vajjadeha (vajra ke samAna shriir)| kaI bAra pUrva pada kevala nizcayabodhaka hotA hai| saMjama eva dhaNu = saMjamadhaNu (saMyama hI dhana hai|), tava ciadhaNu = tavadhaNu (tapahI dhana hai|) 2.2 digu samAsa (dvigu samAsa)- karmadhAraya samAsa kA prathama zabda yadi saMkhyA sUcaka ho aura dUsarA zabda saMjJA ho taba use dvigu samAsa kahate haiN| (i) samUha artha meM dvigu samAsa sadA napuMsakaliMga ekavacana meM hotA hai| jaise - navaNhaM tattAhaM samUha = navatatta (nava tattva), cauNhaM kasAhaM samUha = caukkasAya (cAra kaSAya), tiNhaM logAhaM samUha = tiloga (tIna lok)| (ii) kabhI-kabhI samUha artha meM dvigu samAsa pulliMga ekavacana bhI ho jAtA hai| jaise - tiNhaM viyappAhaM samUhu = tiviyappu (tIna viklp)| (ii) aneka artha meM jo dvigu samAsa hotA hai, usameM vacana aura liMga kA uparyukta prakAra se niyama nahIM hotA hai| jaise - tiNNi loyA = tiloyA, cauro disAo = caudisA apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (16) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #26
3. bahuvvIhi samAsa (bahuvrIhi samAsa) jaba samAsa meM Aye hue do yA adhika zabda kisI anya zabda ke vizeSaNa bana jAte haiM to use bahubrIhi samAsa kahA jAtA hai| isa samAsa meM prayukta zabda pradhAna nahIM hote haiM, parantu unase pRthak anya koI zabda hI pradhAna hotA hai, isalie isa samAsa ko 'anya padArtha pradhAna samAsa" bhI kahate haiN| isa samAsa ke do bheda haiM : (i) samAna vibhakti vAle zabda (prathamAnta zabda) - ise samAnAdhikaraNa bahubrIhi samAsa bhI kahate haiN| (ii) bhinna vibhakti vAle zabda (eka zabda prathamAnta aura dUsarA SaSThI yA saptamI meM ho)| ise vyadhikaraNa bahubrIhi samAsa bhI kahate haiN| isa samAsa kA vigraha karate samaya'ja', 'jA' kI vibhinna vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai (dvitIyA se saptamI taka) kintu samAsa meM Aye hue zabda prathamAnta hI hote haiN| (i) samAna vibhaktivAle zabdoM (prathamAnta zabdoM) ke udAharaNa - ka. AruDhu vANaru ja (2/1) so = AruDhavANaru (rukkhu) (jisa para bandara car3hA huA hai vaha) kha... jiaiM iMdiyaI jeNa (3/1) so = jiaiMdiya > jiiMdiya (munnii)| . (jisake dvArA indriyA~ jIta lI gaI haiM, vaha) ga. jia kAmu jeNa (3/1) so = jiakAmu (mahAdevu) (jisake dvArA kAma jIta liyA gayA hai, vaha) gha. cattAri muhAI jasu (6/1) so = caumuha (baMbha) (jisake cAra mukha haiM, vaha) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (17) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #27
ca. ega daMtu jasu (6/1) so = egadaMtu (gaNesu) (jisake eka dA~ta hai, vaha) cha. suttA sIhA jAhiM (7/1) sA = suttAsIhA (guhA) (jisameM siMha soyA huA hai, vaha) (ii) bhinna vibhakti vAle zabdoM (eka zabda prathamAnta aura dUsarA SaSThI yA saptamI meM ho) ke udAharaNaka. cakka pANihi jasu so> cakkapANI (viSNu) (jisake hAtha meM cakra hai, vaha) kha. cakka hatthe jasu so = cakkahattha (bharaha) (jisake hAtha meM cakra hai, vaha) ga. gaMDIva kari jasu so = gaMDIvakara (ajjuNa) (jisake hAtha meM gAMDIva (dhanuSa) hai, vaha) 4. avvaIbhAva samAsa (avyayIbhAva samAsa) avyayIbhAva samAsa meM pahalA pada bahudhA koI avyaya hotA hai aura dUsarA pada saMjJA hotA hai| pahalA pada hI mukhya hotA hai| avyayIbhAva samAsa kA pUrA pada kriyAvizeSaNa avyaya hotA hai| samAsa meM Ae hue antima zabda ke rUpa sadaiva napuMsakaliGga prathamA vibhakti, eka vacana meM calAe jAte haiN| vaisA hI rUpa avyayIbhAva samAsa kA ho jAtA hai| avyayIbhAva samAsa ke rUpa nahIM calate haiN| udAharaNa - (i) uvaguru = guru samIva (guru ke samIpa) (ii) aNubhoyaNa = bhoyaNasu pacchA (bhojana ke pazcAt) (iii) painayara = nayara nayara tti (pratinagara) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (18) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #28
(iv) paidiNa = diNa diNa tti (pratidina) (v) paighara = ghare ghare tti (pratighara) (vi) jahAsatti = satti aNaikkamiu (zakti kI avahelanA na karake) - (zakti ke anusAra) (vii) jahAvihi = vihi aNaikkamivi (vidhi kI avahelanA na karake) ____ = (vidhi ke anusAra) (viii) jahAriha = juggaya aNaikkamavi (yogyatA kI avahelanA na karake) = (yogyatA ke anusAra) samAsa meM adhikatara prathama zabda kA aMtima svara hrasva ho to dIrgha ho jAtA hai aura dIrgha ho to hrasva ho jAtA hai| isakA koI nizcita niyama nahIM hai| hrasva svara kA dIrgha : - anta + veI = antAveI (gaMgA-yamunA ke bIca kA bhUbhAga) athavA antaveI satta + vIsa = sattAvIsa (sattAIsa) athavA sattavIsA pai + hara = paIhara (pati kA ghara) athavA paihara veNu + vaNa = veNUvaNa (bA~sa kA jaMgala) athavA veNuvaNa dIrgha svara kA hrasva : jauNA + yaDa = jauNayaDa (yamunAtaTa) athavA jauNAyaDa naI + sotta = naisotta (nadI kA srota) athavA naIsotta bahU + muha = bahumuha (vadhU kA mukha) athavA bahUmuha apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (19) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #29
pATha 1 = paumacariu kosalaNandaNeNa AsADhaTTamihiM sura-samara-sahAsehiM rahasucchaliya-gattu jiNa-vayaNu sIsa - valagga sandhi-vandha giri-i-pavAha rAma-vappu meru- sarisu samAsa prayoga ke udAharaNa [ apabhraMza kAvya saurabha ] ajarAmaru di-vandhaNA ghara-dArAI aNNa-di atthANa- maggo cintAvaNNu pRSTha saMkhyA = 5 = 5 = 6 = = 7 = // = 9 = = = = = = = 8 = 8 10 10 10 11 11 13 14 16 turaGgama-NAehiM hiyavae pATha 2 = paumacariu sui-siddhanta-purANehiM duTTha-kalattu mayalaJchaNa-vimbu bahu- dukkhAuru dugga-kuDumbu visayAsattu tava-vAeM vara - ujjANa tava caraNaho cau - kasAya - riu attAvaNu tava caraNu daya-dhammu apabhraMza vyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa - kAraka (20) For Personal & Private Use Only = = pRSTha saMkhyA = = = = = = 16 = 17 11 20 = 24 = 25 24 = 25 = 24 24 = 26 24 = 27 26 = 27 = 28

Page #30
jara-maraNu = 29 ___ = 46 pATha 3 = paumacariu pRSTha = 46 saMkhyA guru-vesu sundara-sarAI akkhara-NihANu gayaNaGgaNe jagaNAhaho vahu-aMsu-jalolliya bhayAurae = 32 = 32 ___ = 33 __ = 34 = 35 dasa-seharu dasa-mauDau mucchA-vihalu bhAi-vioeM lakkhaNa-rAmehiM addhayanda-bimbAI dIha-visAlaI daTThoTTaI jIva-dayA-paricattau goggahe mitta-pariggahe mahisa-visa-mesahiM aviNaya-thANe sauNAhAreM , - 40 = 52 pATha 4 = paumacariu pRSTha saMkhyA 53 = 53 = 44. maNa-turau = 44 pATha 5 = paumacariu AsA-poTTalu mahi-maNDalu jaraDha-mayalaJchaNu varisiya-ghaNu amara-vahUhiM bhamarAvalihi = 53 pRSTha . saMkhyA AS - 45 = 45 harivaMsuppaNNI vaya-guNa-saMpaNNI jiNa-sAsaNe dasa-siru ___ = 46 apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (21) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #31
= 56 sokkhuppattI anteura-sArI rayaNAsava-jAeM paDa-poTTale = 57 = 58 = 58 __ = 59 kayaMtavAsu jammajarAmaraNaiM caugaidukkhu vakkalaNivasaNu vaNahalabhoyaNu ahimANavihaMDaNu... kodavachettahuM -75 tilakhalu -75 caMdaNataru .. lohiyasukkaI rasaNaphaMsaNarasadaDDau - 76 NahaGgaNu meru-sihare cau-sAyarahaM gaggiravAyae Nidura-hiyayaho DAiNi-rakkhasabhUya-bhayaGkare - 60 - 61 ___= 61 = 61 kamalamAla = 64 pATha 7 = mahApurANa = 65 saMkhyA vaTTi-sihae Nara-NArihiM 65 pATha 6 = mahApurANa sIlasAyarA duriyaNAsiNA saMkhyA kulavihUsaNaM kesarikesaru = 68 varasaithaNayalu payarAIvaI kesarikaMdhara NivakumAravAsaM sAmisAlataNuruha kumAragaNu kAlANalu = 69 paramuNNai sihisihahiM = 69 apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (22) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #32
97 = 90 raNaMgaNi dhammapakkhu rakkhAkaMkhai kharapaharaNadhArAdArieNa mANabhaMgi Nivamalla NivaNivAsaM NavajovvaNeNa vANAvali NayavayaNaiM muNitaMDau = 89 sIhAsaNachattaI = 98 raNabhoyaNu 89 pATha 9 = jaMbUsAmicariu pRSTha saMkhyA karirayaNa __ -90 ravigahaNe = 100 NaraurarayaNa = 90 niyayagharu = 101 gurukahiu kaNayamaNibhariyara pATha 8 = mahApurANa * pRSTha saMkhyA daviNAsae rahasAUriyAI ___= 92 rayaNasamUha maccharabhAvabhariya sAhINalacchi mahurakkharehi = 93 suNNanihi jayalacchigeha racchAmuhe rAmAhirAma bhayakaMpiru mahimahilahi nisAgami NivaNAyakusala kAmuyajaNu NiyatAyapAyapaMkaruhabhasala = 95 piyamaNu = 102 103 =104 = 104 = 104 = 94 = 105 94 =106 = 95 = 107 = 107 apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (23) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #33
jIviyAsa sAyarajalu hari-kari cchohajuttu rattAgharasaNa vesApamattu pAraddhirattu gurumAyabappu NiyabhuyabaleNa Niddabhukkhu parayArarayA sIlagurukkiya khagakirAyauvasaggahaM hari-hali-cakkavaTTi - jiNamAyau saMsArasamuddi pATha 10 = sudaMsaNacariu pRSTha saMkhyA sIlakamalasarahaMsiu phaNiNarakhayarAmarahiM chArapuMju = 107 = = 109 = = = 113 = = 115 116 = 109 EUR 116 = = 117 = 111 = 117 = = 115 = = 119 120 120 120 = EUR120 paMDiyaloyaviveu duTThasahAu NiddhaNacitte 120 siddhasamUhu pAvakalaMku kAmuyacitte NAyaNAhu kAmAure virahaDAhu jalavAhu pahupesaNe payasamAsu dhammovaesu maivisesu cArittavittu amariMdagharu pavaraMbuNihI varasuddhamaI apabhraMza vyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (24) = 122 For Personal & Private Use Only = 122 = = = 124 = 122 = 124 = 123 = 124 = 123 = 123 = 125 = 124 120 pATha 11 = sudaMsaNacariu pRSTha saMkhyA 125 126 126 126 128 = 128 = 129

Page #34
= 145 = 147 = 147 = 147 = 148 bhayavasu = 148 = 149 suravaMdaNIu = 131 paramamittu kalimalu 131 hiyaicchiya = 145 guNamaNiNikeu 131 pATha 13 = dhaNNa- pRSTha mokkhalAhu = 132 kumAracariu saMkhyA kamaliNidale = 133 lauDi-khagga duTThapAviTThaporatthagaNu = 133 mAraNatthi paNa?raIso = 136 vacchaulaI jaIso bhayata? sajaNakAmiNisottahirAmo = 136 sohaNamAse sIha-bhayAura vayapAlaNe visamAvatthahiM piyaloyaNe bahudukkhAyaru . pATha 12 = karakaMDa- paSTha pura-sayAsi . cariu saMkhyA dukha-dAlidda-jaDiu / uccakahANI 139 puvakkiya maMtipayammi pavaNAhaya sIlaNihi .. bhayabhIyau vilAsiNimaMdirAsu 141 saMsAra-sarUvau dharaNiIsu 144 duhabhariyA rAyaNehu 145 giri-guha-vAri NivaNaMdaNu 145 kara-calaNaiM = 150 = 151 = 137 = 151 = 152 = 152 = 141 141 = 153 = 154 = 155 = 155 apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (25) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #35
dahadisi pRSTha saMkhyA kamalavatta = 155 pATha 15 = paramAtma- prakAza = 157 = 157 __ paMca-guru deha-vibhiNNau calaNa-kara paramappu - 175 = 158 saggavAsi sokkharAsi Niyaguru-caraNAraviMda mohAura = 158 - jiNavayaNu - 160 = 162 devapuju kara-caraNa = 181 182 __= 163 puvva-kiyAI ... iMdiya-suha-duhaI maNa-vAvAru = 180 dehAdehahiM = 181 jIvAjIva bhava-taNu-bhoyaviratta-maNu dehAdevali aNAi-aNaMtu ___ = 182 kevala-NANa-phuraMta-taNu = 182 paramappu = 182 pATha 16 = pAhuDadohA pRSTha saMkhyA _ = 163 ____ = 182 guha-abbhaMtari cirakaha bahu-suha-chaNNau pATha 14 = hemacandra - ke dohe giri-siMgahu~ khala-vayaNAI ujANa-vaNehiM = 164 pRSTha saMkhyA = 165 171 appAyattau = 183 kasAya-balu visayasuha - 184 sAsayasuhu - 184 apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (26) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #36
NiccalaThiyaiM 185 sumiTThAhAra 188 dujaNauvayAra guNasArA kammaviNimmiya kammavisesu = 188 = 189 = 190 pRSTha saMkhyA pATha 17 = sAvaya dhammadohA sAyaragayahiM bhavajalagayaha maNavayakAyahiM = 193 = 193 = 193 = 194 pasudhaNadhaNNaiM . parimANapavitti = 194 pattharaNAva = 195 uvahiNIru dukkhasayAI iMdhaNakajjeM = 198 = 199 apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (27) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #37
kAraka hama yaha jAnate haiM ki bhASA sampreSaNa kA bahuta hI prabhAvazAlI mAdhyama hai| yaha samajhanA jarUrI hai ki bhASA meM vAkya eka mahattvapUrNa ikAI hai| vAkya ke mAdhyama se zrotA taka apanI bAta ko sArthaka DhaMga se pahu~cAnA apekSita hai| vAkya meM saMjJA-sarvanAma Adi zabdoM kA prayoga hotA hI hai|saarthk rUpa se apanI bAta kahane ke lie saMjJA zabda ko sadaiva eka rUpa meM hI prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMjJA zabdoM kA rUpa parivartana karake hI unheM sArthaka banAyA jA sakatA hai| isa rUpa parivartana ke lie unameM 'pratyaya' lagAye jAte haiN| ina pratyayoM ke lagane se hI vibhaktiyoM kA bodha hotA hai| isakA yaha artha huA ki saMjJA zabda meM ATha prakAra kI vibhaktiyoM ke pratyaya lagAkara vAkya meM prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI kAraNa apabhraMza vyAkaraNa meM saMjJA meM ATha vibhaktiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| ye ATha vibhaktiyAM nimnalikhita haiMvibhakti pratyaya cihna prathamA ne 1 chAtra ne guru ko praNAma kiyaa| dvitIyA ko 2 chAtra ne guru ko praNAma kiyaa| tRtIyA se, 3 gopAla pAnI se mu~ha dhotA hai| (ke dvArA) caturthI ke lie 4 putra sukha ke lie jItA hai| paMcamI se 5 per3a se pattA giratA hai| (pRthak artha meM) SaSThI kA, ke, kI 6 rAjya kA zAsana prajA ko pAlatA hai| saptamI meM, para 7 AkAza meM bAdala garajate haiN| saMbodhana he 8 he bAlaka! pustaka pddh'o| apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (28) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #38
isa taraha saMjJA zabdoM ko vAkya meM prayukta karane ke uddezya se vibhinna pratyaya lagAkara saMpreSaNa kA kArya kiyA jAtA hai| aba hameM dekhanA yaha hai ki uparyukta vAkyoM meM saMjJA zabda kA kriyA se kyA saMbaMdha hai? aura usa saMbaMdha ko vyAkaraNa meM kyA kahA gayA hai? 1, 2. praNAma kriyA ko karane vAlA 'chAtra' hai aura 'guru' kriyA kA karma hai| ataH isako kramazaH kartA kAraka aura karma kAraka kahA gayA hai| 3. 'dhonA' kriyA kA sampAdana pAnI se hotA hai| ataH ise karaNa kAraka kahA gayA hai| 4. 'jInA' kriyA kA sampAdana 'sukha ke lie' hai| ataH ise sampradAna kAraka kahA gayA hai| 5. giranA' kriyA per3a se huI hai| ataH 'giranA' kriyA kA honA per3a se hai| ataH ise apAdAna kAraka kahA gayA hai| isa vAkya meM 'rAjya' kA saMbaMdha kriyA se nahIM hai| ataH isako kAraka nahIM kahA gayA hai kintu yaha vibhakti rAjya kA saMbaMdha zAsana se batAtI hai| 7. isa vAkya meM 'garajane' kI kriyA AkAza meM huI hai| ataH isako adhikaraNa kAraka kahA gayA hai| 8. 'he bAlaka' isakA par3hanA' kriyA se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| - ataH isako (saMbodhana ko) kAraka nahIM mAnA gayA hai| . OM apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (29) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #39
. isase yaha artha nikalA ki kAraka vahI kahalAtA hai jisakA kriyA ke sAtha sIdhA saMbaMdha ho| yadi hama kAraka aura vibhakti pratyayoM ko milAkara likheM to nimnalikhita rUpa hamAre sAmane AtA hai| prathamA vibhakti - kartA kAraka.. dvitIyA vibhakti karma kAraka tRtIyA vibhakti karaNa kAraka caturthI vibhakti sampradAna kAraka paMcamI vibhakti apAdAna kAraka SaSThI vibhakti saptamI vibhakti ___ adhikaraNa kAraka saMbodhana ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki vyAkaraNa kA saiddhAntika pakSa kAraka hai kintu vibhakti vyavahArika pakSa kA dyotaka hai| sampreSaNa ke lie vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga hI kiyA jAtA hai| apabhraMza meM kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna aura adhikaraNa ye chaH kAraka haiN| apabhraMza ke vaiyAkaraNoM ne sambandha ko kAraka nahIM mAnA hai aura na SaSThI vibhakti ke rUpoM ko hI pRthak sthAna diyA hai| SaSThI ke rUpa caturthI ke samAna hI hote haiN| chaha kArakoM kA bodha karAne vAlI vibhaktiyA~ haiN| itanA hone para bhI kAraka aura vibhakti meM bheda hai| kartA meM sarvadA prathamA aura karma meM dvitIyA vibhakti nahIM hotI hai, parantu kartA meM tRtIyA aura karma meM prathamA vibhakti bhI hotI hai| jaise - "rAvaNa/rAvaNA/rAvaNu/rAvaNo (1/1) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (30) For Personal & Private Use Only

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rAmeNa/rAmeM (3/1) haAhau" Adi isa vAkya meM 'hanana' kriyA kA vAstavika kartA 'rAma' hai, para rAma prathamA vibhakti meM nahIM hai, tRtIyA vibhakti meM rakhA gayA hai| isI prakAra hanana' kriyA kA vAstavaki karma rAvaNa hai, use dvitIyA vibhakti meM na rakhakara prathamA vibhakti meM rakhA gayA hai| prathamA vibhakti : kartA kAraka 1. jisa vyakti yA vastu ke viSaya meM kucha kahA jAtA hai use vAkya kA kartA kahate haiM aura vaha prathamA vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise- narida/nariMdA/narida/nariMdo (1/1) paramesara/paramesarA/ paramesaru (2/1) paNamai Adi (rAjA paramezvara ko praNAma karatA hai) isa vAkya meM 'paNamai' kriyA ko karane vAlA 'nariMda' kartA hai aura prathamA vibhakti meM hai| isa taraha se kartRvAcya ke kartA meM prathamA vibhakti hotI hai| karmavAcya meM vAkya banAte samaya kartRvAcya ke karma meM prathamA vibhakti hotI hai| mAyAe/mAyae (3/1) kahA/ kaha (1/1) suNijjai/suNiai/Adi (mAtA ke dvArA kathA sunI jAtI hai)| yahA~ kahA prathamA vibhakti meM hai| isa vAkya kA kartRvAcya huA mAyA/mAya (1/1) kahA/kaha (2/1) sunni/aadi| (i) prathamA vibhakti kA upayoga zabda kA artha aura liMga donoM batalAne ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| ataH jaba kisI zabda kA koI artha nikAlanA ho to usa zabda meM prathamA vibhakti lagAte haiN| jaise - (narida/naridA/nariMdu/narido) zabda se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha zabda pulliMga hai aura isakA artha 'rAjA' hai| isI prakAra .(taDa/taDA/taDu/taDo)pu.(taDI/taDi) strI.(taDa/taDA/ taDu) napu. zabda prathamA vibhakti meM rakhe gaye haiM aura 'kinArA' apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (31) For Personal & Private Use Only

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inakA artha hai| isalie saMjJA, sarvanAma aura vizeSaNa meM artha nikAlane ke lie prathamA vibhakti ke pratyaya jor3e jAte haiN| so (pu.), sA (strI.), taM (napuM.), maNoharo (pu.), maNoharA (strI.), maNoharu (npuN.)| (ii) vastu kA parimANa yA nApa batAne ke lie prathamA vibhakti kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise- (sera/serA/seru/sero) vi. pu. (gohUma/gohUmA/gohUmu/gohUmo) pu. (eka sera gehuuN)| yahA~ prathamA vibhakti se 'sera' kA nApa vidita hotA hai| (ii) saMkhyA kA jJAna karAne ke lie bhI prathamA vibhakti kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise - ekko (eka), tiNNi (tIna), aadi| sambodhana meM prAyaH prathamA vibhakti kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise he devo/deva/devA/devu, he saahuu/saahu| anya rUpa bhI milate haiN| jaise - he kamala, he vAri, he mahu, he gAmaNi, he sayaMbhu, he lacchi , he bahu aadi| kartA aura kriyA kA samanvaya kriyA kA puruSa tathA vacana kartA ke anusAra hotA hai| jaise - (i) rAma/rAmA/rAmu/rAmo (1/1) jhAai/Adi (rAma dhyAna karatA hai|) (ii) tuhaM (1/1) jhAahi/jhAasi/Adi (tuma dhyAna karate ho|) (iii) haDaM (1/1) jhADe/jhAAmi/Adi (maiM dhyAna karatA huuN|) vAkyoM meM jaba do yA do se adhika kartA saMjJAe~ hoM to kriyA bahuvacana kI hogii| jaise - rAma/rAmA/rAmu/rAmo (1/1) harI/hari (1/1) ya ciTThahiM/ciTThanti/ Adi (rAma aura harI baiThate haiN|) 1. 2. apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (32) For Personal & Private Use Only

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3. jaba aneka saMjJAe~ alaga-alaga samajhI jAtI haiM athavA aneka saMjJAe~ eka sAtha milakara kevala eka vicAra ko prakaTa karatI haiM to kriyA ekavacana kI hogii| jaise - koha/kohA/kohu/koho, mANu, mAyA/mAya, loho (1/1) saMti/ saMtI (2/1) nAsei/Adi (krodha mAna mAyA lobha zAMti ko naSTa karate haiN|) jaba vAkya meM ekavacana kA (saMjJA kartA) kartA athavA se jur3e hote haiM to ekavacana kI kriyA AtI hai| kintu jaba kartA bhinna vacanoM kA ho, to kriyA nikaTatama kartA ke anusAra hogii| jaise(i) rAyA (1/1) mantI/manti (1/1) vA viyArai/Adi (rAjA athavA maMtrI vicAra karatA hai|) (ii) sasA/sasa (1/1) vA bhAI/bhAi (1/1) vA bAlaa/bAlaA (1/2) AgacchahiM/Agacchanti/Adi (bahina athavA bhAI athavA bAlaka Ate haiN|) jaba uttama, madhyama tathA anya puruSa ke kartA hoM to kriyA uttama puruSa bahuvacana kI hogI aura jaba madhyama tathA anya puruSa kA kartA ho to kriyA madhyama puruSa bahuvacana kI hogii| jaise(i) so, tuhUM, hauM ca uTThahuM/Adi (vaha, tuma aura maiM uThate haiN|) (ii) so, tuhuM ca uTThahu/Adi (vaha aura tuma uThate ho|) / jaba bhinna-bhinna puruSoM ke do yA do se adhika kartA athavA se . jur3e hoM, to kriyA kA puruSa aura vacana nikaTatama pada ke anusAra hogaa| jaise - (i) so, amhe/amhaI vA kajja/kajjA/kanju (2/1) karahuM/Adi (vaha athavA hama kArya karate haiN|) . (ii) amhe/amhaI, so vA kajja/kajjA/kajju (2/1)karai (hama athavA vaha kArya karatA hai|) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (33) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #43
2. dvitIyA vibhakti : karmakAraka jisa vyakti yA vastu para kisI kriyA kA prabhAva par3atA hai, vaha usa kriyA kA karma kahalAtA hai, jaise - mAyA/mAya (1/1) kahA/kaha (2/1) suNai/Adi (mAtA kathA ko sunatI hai|) yahA~ sunanA kriyA kA prabhAva kathA para samApta hotA hai| isalie 'kahA' karmakAraka huA, usameM dvitIyA vibhakti rakhI gaI hai| yahA~ yaha samajhanA cAhie ki karmavAcya ko chor3akara sabhI jagaha karma dvitIyA vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai, jaise batAyA gayA hai ki . karmavAcya meM karma prathamA vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai, jaise- maayaae| mAyae (3/1) kahA/kaha (1/1) suNijjai/suNiai/ Adi dvikarmaka kriyAoM ke yoga meM mukhya karma meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai aura gauNa karma meM apAdAna, adhikaraNa, sampradAna, sambandha Adi vibhaktiyoM ke hone para bhI dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai| (i) vaha gAya se dUdha duhatA hai - so (1/1) gAvI/gAvi (2/1) duddha/duddhA/duddha (2/1) duhai/Adi (apAdAna 5/1 kI vibhakti ke sthAna para) (ii) vaha vRkSa ke phaloM ko ikaTThA karatA hai - so (1/1) rukkha/ rukkhA /rukkhu (2/1) phala/phalA/phalaiM/phalAiM (2/2) cuNai/ Adi (sambandha 6/1 kI vibhakti ke sthAna para) (iii) guru ziSya ke lie dharma kA upadeza detA hai - guru/gurU (1/1) sissa/sissA/sissu (2/1)dhamma/dhammA/dhammu (2/1) uvadisai/Adi (sampradAna 4/1 ke sthAna para) (iv) vaha rAjA se dhana mA~gatA hai - so (1/1) narida/naridA/ apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (34) For Personal & Private Use Only

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nariMdu (2/1) dhaNa/dhaNA/dhaNu (2/1) maggai/Adi (apAdAna 5/1 ke sthAna para) (v) vaha agni se dhAna pakAtA hai - so (1/1) aggi/aggI (2/1) dhaNNa/dhaNNA/dhaNNu (2/1) pacai/Adi (karaNa 3/1ke sthAna para) (vi) vaha putra ko gA~va meM le jAtA hai - so (1/1) putta/puttA/puttu (21) gAma/gAmA/gAmu (2/1) vahai/Adi athavA NINai/ Adi (adhikaraNa 7/1ke sthAna para) puccha (pUchanA), ruMdha (rokanA), maha (mathanA), musa (corI karanA) Adi dvikarmaka kriyAoM kA prayoga bhI kara lenA caahie| ... uparyukta kriyAoM ke paryAyavAcI artha meM bhI pradhAna aura gauNa karma meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai| . inake karmavAcya banAne meM gauNa karma meM prathamA ho jAtI hai aura pradhAna karma meM dvitIyA hI rahatI hai| kintu gatyArthaka dhAtu ke yoga meM 'vaha' ke pradhAna karma ko prathamA meM rakhA jAtA hai aura gauNa karma dvitIyA meM rahatA hai| (i) so (1/1)mitta/mittA/mittu (2/1) paha/pahA/pahu (2/1) pucchai/Adi (kartRvAcya) teNa/teNaM/teM (3/1) mitta/mittA/mittu/ mitto (1/1) paha/pahA/pahu (2/1) pucchijjai/Adi (karmavAcya) (ii) so (1/1) gAvi/gAvI (2/1)duddha/duddhA/duddha (2/1) duhai/ Adi (kartRvAcya) teNa/teNaM/teM (3/1)gAvi/gAvI (1/1) duddha/ duddhA/duddha (2/1) duhijjai/Adi (karmavAcya) (iii) so (1/1) putta/puttA/puttu (2/1) gAma/gAmA/gAmu apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (35) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(2/1)vahai/Adi (kartRvAcya) teNa/teNaM/teM (3/1) putta/puttA/puttu/ putto (1/1) gAma/gAmA/gAmu (2/1) vahijai/Adi (karmavAcya) isI prakAra anya vAkya banA lene caahie| yahA~ gatyArthaka dhAtu ke yoga meM 'vaha' ko chor3akara anya kriyAoM ke yoga meM gauNa karma meM prathamA vibhakti rakhI gaI hai| yahA~ yaha jAnanA cAhie ki "kriyA ke artha ko pUrNa karane ke lie jisa saMjJA zabda ko anivAryataH karma kAraka meM rakhA jAe vaha pradhAna karma hotA hai aura jise vaktA apanI icchA se karmakAraka meM rakhatA hai (vaha cAhe to dUsare kAraka meM bhI rakha sakatA hai) vaha gauNa karma hotA hai|" (saMskRta racanA, ApTe peja 29) 3. sabhI gatyArthaka kriyAoM ke yoga meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai, jaise - so ghara/gharA/gharu (2/1) gacchai/Adi (vaha ghara jAtA hai|) saptamI ke sthAna para kabhI-kabhI dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai jaisesUrapayAso diNa/diNA/diNu (2/1) pasarai/Adi sUrya kA prakAza dina meM phailatA hai| yahA~ diNe (saptamI) ke sthAna para diNa/ diNA/diNu (dvitIyA) huI hai| prathamA vibhakti ke sthAna para kabhI-kabhI dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai, jaise- cauvIsaM (2/1) jiNavarA (1/2) / yahA~ honA cAhiecauvIsA 1/1 jiNavarA 1/2 / noTa :- saMkhyAvAcI zabdoM ke rUpoM ke lie dekheM prauDha apabhraMza racanA saurabha pR0 37-46 / yadi vasa kriyA ke pUrva uva, anu, ahi aura A meM se koI bhI upasarga ho to kriyA ke AdhAra meM dvitIyA hotI hai| apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (36) For Personal & Private Use Only

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7. 8. 9. harI / hari (1/1) sagga / saggA/ saggu (2/1 ) uvavasaI/ anuvasaI/ahivasaI/Avasai / Adi / (harI svarga meM vAsa karatA hai / ) yadi hama vasa kA hI prayoga kareMge to 'harI saggi / sagge (7/1) vasaI' vAkya banegA / yahA~ dvitIyA vibhakti nahIM huI hai| ubhao (donoM ora), savvao (saba ora), dhi ( dhikkAra), samayA (samIpa) - inake sAtha dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai / jaise - parijaNu (1/1) nariMda/ nariMdA / nariMdu (2/1) ubhao / savvao ciTThai ( parijana rAjA ke cAroM ora / donoM ora baiThate haiM / ) dhi dujjaNa / dujjaNA / dujjaNu (2/1) (durjana ko dhikkAra), gAma/gAmA /gAmu (2/1) samayA ekku taDAgu (1/1) atthi (gA~va ke samIpa eka tAlAba hai / ) antareNa (binA) aura antarA (bIca meM, madhya meM) ke yoga meM . dvitIyA hotI hai / (i) NANa / NANA/NANu (2/1) antareNa na suhu ( 1/1 ) ( jJAna ke binA sukha nahIM hai / ) (ii) gaMga/ gaMgA (2 / 1 ) jauNA / jauNa (2/1 ) ya antarA payAgu (1/1) atthi (gaMgA aura yamunA ke bIca meM prayAga hai / ) paDi (kI ora, kI tarapha) ke yoga meM dvitIyA hotI hai / jaise mAyA / mAya (2/1) paDi tuhuM (1/1) saneha (2/1 ) karahi / karasi / Adi (mAtA kI ora tuma sneha rakhate ho ) / apabhraMza vyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (37) For Personal & Private Use Only

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10. samaya evaM mArgavAcI zabdoM meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai, jaise - (i) so (1/1) paMca diNA/diNAiM/Adi (212) khetta (2/1) siMci/siMciA/siMciu/siMcio (bhUkR1/1) (vaha pA~ca dina taka kheta sIMcatA rhaa)| (ii) so (1/1) kosa/kosA/kosu (2/1) calai (vaha kosa bhara calatA hai|) yahA~ paMca diNAI - dvitIyA vibhakti meM rakhA gayA hai aura kosa/kosA/kosu bhI dvitIyA vibhakti meM hai| (yaha prayoga usa samaya hotA hai jaba nirantaratA ho; samApti nhiiN)| 11. dUra (napuM.) va aMtiya (samIpa) (napuM.) tathA inake samAnArthaka zabda dvitIyA vibhakti meM rakhe jAte haiN| jaise - (i) gAmahe/gAmAhe/gAmahu/gAmAhu (5/1) dUraM (2/1) NaI/Nai (1/1) atthi| (gA~va se dUra nadI hai|) (ii) sariA/sari/sariAhe/sariahe (6/1) aMtiyaM jaI/jai (1/1) vasai/Adi (nadI ke samIpa yati basatA hai|) 12. viNA ke yoga meM dvitIyA hotI hai| jaise - mAyA/mAya (2/1) viNA sikkhA/sikkha (1/1) na hoi/Adi (mAtA ke binA zikSA nahIM hotI hai|) 13. kabhI-kabhI saMjJA zabda kI dvitIyA vibhakti kA eka vacana kriyAvizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai| jaise - so (1/1) suhaM (2/1) viharai/Adi (vaha sukhapUrvaka ramaNa karatA hai|) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (38) For Personal & Private Use Only

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abhyAsa 1. usake dvArA pustaka par3hI jAtI hai| 2. vaha bAlaka se patha pUchatA hai| 3. vaha gAya se dUdha dUhatA hai| 4. vaha per3a se phUla ikaTThA karatA hai| 5. muni bAlaka ke lie dharma kA upadeza detA hai| 6. vaha usase dhana mA~gatA hai| 7. tuma agni se bhojana pkaao| 8. rAjA maMtrI ko nagara meM le jAtA hai| 9. maiM devAlaya jAtA huuN| 10. vaha rAtri meM mitra ko yAda karatA hai| 11. sajjana ke bijalI kI taraha asthira krodha hotA hai| 12. deva svarga meM rahate haiN| 13. kRSNa ke cAroM ora bAlaka haiN| 14. nagara ke samIpa nadI hai| 15. usake binA maiM jAtA huuN| 16. nadI aura nagara ke bIca meM vana hai| 17. bAlaka kI ora tuma sneha rakhate ho| 18. vaha bAraha varSa taka rahatA hai| 19. maiM kosa bhara calatA huuN| 20. nadI nagara se dUra hai| 21. samudra ke nikaTa laMkA hai| 22. vaha duHkhapUrvaka jItA hai| - tRtIyA vibhakti - karaNa kAraka 1. apane kArya kI siddhi meM jo kartA ke lie atyanta sahAyaka hotA hai, vaha karaNa kahA jAtA hai| use tRtIyA vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise - (i) rAma/rAmA/rAmu/rAmo (1/1) bANeNa/bANeNaM/bANe (3/ 1) rAvaNa/rAvaNA/rAvaNu (2/1) mArai/Adi (rAma bANa se rAvaNa ko mAratA hai|) (ii) puttu (1/1) jaleNa/jaleNaM/jaleM (3/1) vatthu (2/1) __pacchAlai/Adi (putra jala se vastra dhotA hai|) 2. karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya meM tRtIyA hotI hai| apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (39) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(i) nariMda/nariMdA/nariMdu nariMdo (1/1) kahA/kaha (2/1) suNai/ Adi (kartRvAcya) - narideNa/narideNaM/nariMdeM (3/1) kahA/ kaha (1/1) suNijjai/suNiai/Adi (karmavAcya) (ii) nariMdu (1/1) hasai/Adi (kartRvAcya) - narideNa/nariMdeNaM/ nariMdeM (3/1) hasijjai/Adi (bhAvavAcya) kAraNa vyakta karane vAle zabdoM meM tRtIyA hotI hai, jaise - (i) so (1/1) avarAheM (3/1) lukkai (vaha aparAdha ke kAraNa chipatA hai|) (ii) tuhu~ (1/1) ujameNa (3/1) dhaNu (2/1) labhahi/Adi (tuma prayatna ke kAraNa dhana prApta karate ho|) (i) vijAe/vijae (3/1) paiTThA/pai8 (1/1) hoi (vidyA ke kAraNa pratiSThA hotI hai|) (iv) so (1/1) ajjhayaNeM (3/1) vasai/Adi (vaha adhyayana ke kAraNa rahatA hai/basatA hai|) phala prApta yA kArya siddha hone para kAlavAcaka aura mArgavAcaka zabdoM meM tRtIyA hotI hai| (i) so (1/1) dahahiM/dasahiM (3/2) diNahiM/diNehiM (3/2) gaMthu (2/1) paDhia/Adi (usane dasa dinoM meM grantha pddh'aa|) (ii) mittu (1/1) tIhiM/tIhi/Adi diNehiM/diNahiM (3/2) Nirogu (1/1) hou/Adi (mitra tIna dinoM meM niroga huaa|) (ii) ekeM koseM (3/1) kanju (1/1) hoAhou/Adi (eka kosa para kArya huaa|) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (40) For Personal & Private Use Only

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5. 6. saha, saddhiM, samaM (sAtha) artha vAle zabdoM ke yoga meM tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai| 8. (i) so (1/1 ) mitteNa (3/ 1) saha gacchai / Adi ( vaha mitra ke sAtha jAtA hai|) (ii) lakkhaNu (1/1) rAmeNa (3/1) samaM gacchia / gacchiu /Adi (lakSmaNa rAma ke sAtha gayA thA / ) (iii) haNuvaMta (1/1 ) rAmeM (3/ 1) saddhiM sohai / Adi (hanumAna rAma ke sAtha zobhatA hai / ). 'viNA' zabda ke sAtha dvitIyA, tRtIyA yA paMcamI vibhakti hotI hai| jaleM (3/1) / jalahe (5/1) jalu (2/1) viNA Naru (1/1) na jIvai /Adi (jala ke binA manuSya nahIM jItA hai | ) 7. tulya (samAna, barAbara) kA artha batAne vAle zabdoM ke sAtha tRtIyA athavA SaSThI hotI hai| (i) so deveM (3/1)/ devassu / devaho / devasu (6/1) tullo atthi (vaha deva ke tulya/samAna hai / ) (ii) dhammeM (3/1/)/ dhammassu / dhammAho / dhammAsu (6/1) samANu mittu (1/1) `Na atthi (dharma ke samAna mitra nahIM hai|) zarIra ke vikRta aMga ko batAne ke lie tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai| (i) so pAeNa (3 / 1) khaMju ( 1/1 ) atthi ( vaha paira se gar3A hai|) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka ( 41 ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(ii) so kaNNeNaM (3/1) bahiru (1/1) asthi (vaha kAna se baharA hai|) (ii) soNetteM (3/1) kANu (1/1) asthi (vaha netra se kANA hai|) 9. kriyAvizeSaNa zabdoM meM bhI tRtIyA kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise - nariMdu (1/1) suheNa (3/1) jIvai/Adi (rAjA sukhapUrvaka jItA hai|) 10. kabhI-kabhI saptamI ke sthAna para tRtIyA kA prayoga pAyA jAtA 11. jaise - teNaM kAleNaM, teNa samaeNaM (3/1)(usa kAla meM) (usa samaya meM) kiM, kajo, attho - isI prakAra prayojana prakaTa karane vAle zabdoM ke yoga meM Avazyaka vastu ko tRtIyA meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise - (i) mULe mitteM (3/1) kiM? (mUrkha mitra se kyA lAbha hai?) (ii) IsarahaM/IsarAhaM (6/2) tiNeM (3/1) vikajjo (1/1) havai (dhanI logoM kA kArya tinake se bhI ho jAtA hai|) (iii) ko attho (1/1) teNa putteNa (3/1) jo Na viuso (1/1) Na dhammio (1/1) (usa putra se kyA prayojana jo na vidvAna hai aura na dhArmika hai|) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (42) For Personal & Private Use Only

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abhyAsa 1. vaha jala se hAtha dhotA hai| 2. usake dvArA sUrya dekhA jAtA hai| 3. kanyA ke dvArA zaramAyA jAtA hai| 4. puNya ke kAraNa hari dikhe| 5. hari pA~ca dinoM meM kosa bhara gayA / 6. vaha bAraha varSoM meM vyAkaraNa par3hatA hai| 7. putra ke sAtha pitA jAtA hai / 8. pitA putra ke sAtha khelatA hai / 9. jala ke binA kamala nahIM khilatA / 10. vaha rAjA ke samAna hai| 11. vaha kAna se baharA hai / 12. vaha snehapUrvaka ghara AtA hai| 13. zIla ke vinaSTa hone para ucca kula se kyA ? 14. dhanI logoM kA kArya tinake se bhI ho jAtA hai| 1. 2. 3. caturthI vibhakti - sampradAna kAraka dAna kArya ke dvArA karttA jise santuSTa karanA cAhatA hai, usa vyakti kI sampradAna kAraka saMjJA hotI hai| saMpradAna ko batAne vAle * saMjJApada ko caturthI meM rakhate haiN| jaise rAu ( 1/1 ) NiddhaNaho / NiddhaNassa / NiddhaNassu (4/1) dhaNa (2/1 ) dei ( rAjA nirdhana ke lie dhana detA hai / ) jisa prayojana ke lie koI kArya hotA hai, usa prayojana meM caturthI hotI hai| jaise - (i) so muttIe / muttie (4/1) hari / harI (2/1 ) bhajai / Adi ( vaha mukti ke lie hari ko bhajatA hai / ) (ii) tuhuM dhaNassu / dhaNAho (4 / 1 ) ceTThahi / ceTThasi (tuma dhana ke lie prayatna karate ho / ) roa (acchA laganA) tathA roa ke samAna artha vAlI anya apabhraMza vyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (43) For Personal & Private Use Only

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4. 5. 6. 7. kriyAoM ke yoga meM prasanna hone vAlA sampradAna kahalAtA hai, usameM caturthI hotI hai| jaise bAsu/bAlAho (4/1) pupphaI/pupphAI (1/2) roanti / roahiM/Adi (bAlaka ko phUla acche lagate haiM/ rucate haiM / ) kujjha (krodha karanA), doha (droha karanA), Isa (IrSyA karanA), asUa (ghRNA karanA) kriyAoM ke yoga meM tathA isake samAnArthaka kriyAoM ke yoga meM, jisake Upara krodha Adi kiyA jAe use caturthI meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise - (i) lakkhaNu (1/1) rAvaNaho / rAvaNassu (4/1) kujjhai / Adi (lakSmaNa rAvaNa para krodha karatA hai / ) (ii) rAvaNu (1/1) rAmAho / rAmassu (4/1 ) Isai / Adi (rAvaNa rAma se IrSyA karatA hai | ) (iii) mahilA/mahila (1/1) hiMsA / hiMsAhe/hiMsahe (4/1) asUai/ Adi (mahilA hiMsA se ghRNA karatI hai / ) (iv) duTTha maNusa (1/1) sajjaNAho / sajjaNassu dohai /Adi (duSTa manuSya sajjana se droha karatA hai / ) namo (Namo) ke yoga meM caturthI hotI hai - mahAvIrAho / mahAvIrassu (4/1) namo (Namo) (mahAvIra ko namaskAra) / ' Nama' kriyA ke yoga meM dvitIyA aura caturthI donoM hotI haiN| (prayoga vAkya dekheM) / alaM (paryApta ke artha meM) caturthI hotI hai| jaise - jhANu (1/1 ) mokkhaho / mokkhassu (4/1) alaM asthi (dhyAna mokSa ke lie paryApta hai / ) siha ( cAhanA ) kriyA ke yoga meM caturthI hotI hai / jaise - so apabhraMza vyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (44) For Personal & Private Use Only

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8. jasAho/jasassu (4/1) sihai/Adi (vaha yaza ko cAhatA hai|) kaha (kahanA), saMsa (kahanA), cakkha (kahanA) kriyAoM ke yoga meM aura isI artha kI anya kriyAoM ke yoga meM jisa vyakti se kucha kahA jAtA hai usameM caturthI hotI hai| jaise - hauM.(1/1) tau/tujjha/tudhra (4/1) sacca (2/1) kahauM/kahami/kahAmi/Adi saMsauM/saMsami/saMsAmi/Adi cakkhauM/cakkhAmi Adi(maiM tumhAre lie satya kahatA huuN|) caturthI ke artha meM atthaM (avyaya) kA prayoga bhI hotA hai, jaise- so NANatthaM (4/1) ceTThai/Adi (vaha jJAna ke lie prayatna karatA hai|) 9. . abhyAsa - 1. vaha putrI ke lie dhana detA hai| 2. vaha dhana ke lie prayatna karatA hai| 3. hari ko bhakti acchI lagatI hai| 4. rAjA maMtrI para krodha karatA hai| 5. maMtrI rAjA ko namaskAra karatA hai| 6. dhAna bhojana ke lie paryApta hai| 7. vaha mukti kI cAha rakhatA hai| 8. mAtA putrI ke lie kathA kahatI hai| 9. rAjA bhojana ke lie baiThatA hai| 10. vaha rAjA se IrSyA karatA hai| 11. rAma asatya se ghRNA karate haiN| - paMcamI vibhakti - apAdAna kAraka 1. jisase kisI vastu kA alaga honA pAyA jAtA hai, use apAdAna kahate haiN| jaise - rukkhahu/rukkhahe (5/1) pupphu (1/1) paDai/ Adi yahA~ phUla per3a se alaga ho rahA hai| isI prakAra - gAmahu/ gAmAhe (5/1) mittu (1/1) Agacchai/Adi - (yahA~ gA~va se viyoga pAyA jAtA hai| ataH rukkha aura gAma meM paMcamI rakhI jAtI hai|) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (45) For Personal & Private Use Only

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2. 3. 4. 5. guNavAcaka astrIliMga saMjJA zabda (pulliMga, napuMsakaliMga saMjJA zabda) jo kisI kriyA yA ghaTanA kA kAraNa batAtA hai, use tRtIyA yA paMcamI vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise - (i) so mukkhahe / mukkhAhu (5/1) Na sohai / Adi (vaha mUrkhatA ke kAraNa nahIM zobhatA hai / ) (ii) so mukkheM / mukkheNa / mukkheNaM (3/1) Na sohai / Adi (vaha mUrkhatA ke kAraNa nahIM zobhatA hai / ) ka. lekina astrIliMga saMjJA zabda guNavAcaka na hone para tRtIyA vibhakti meM hI rahate haiM / jaise so dhaNeM/dhaNeNa/dhaNeNaM (3/1 ) ullasai ( vaha dhana ke kAraNa khuza hotA hai / ) kha. strIliMga saMjJA zabda meM tRtIyA hI hotI hai| jaise - so buddhIe / buddhi (3/1 ) chaDDiu / Adi ( vaha buddhi ke kAraNa chor3a diyA gayA) bhaya arthavAlI dhAtuoM ke yoga meM bhaya kA kAraNa paMcamI meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise - bAlau (1/1) sappahe / sappahu (5/1) bIhai / Adi (bAlaka sarpa se DaratA hai / ) jaba koI apane ko chipAtA hai, to jisase chipanA cAhatA hai vahA~ paMcamI vibhakti hotI hai / jaise - so guruhe / guruhe (5/1) lukkai / Adi (vaha guru se chipatA hai / ) rokanA arthavAlI kriyAoM ke yoga meM paMcamI vibhakti rahatI hai| jaise - guru / gurU ( 1 / 1 ) sissa (2 / 1 ) pAvahe / pAvAhu ( 5/1 ) rokka / Adi ( guru ziSya ko pApa se rokatA hai|) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka ( 46 ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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M 6. jisase vidyA, kalA par3hI/sIkhI jAe, usameM paMcamI hotI hai| jaise - so guruhe/gurUhe (5/1) gAyaNakala (2/1) sikkhai/ Adi (vaha guru se gAne kI kalA sIkhatA hai|) duguccha (ghRNA), virama (haTanA) aura pamAya (bhUla, asAvadhAnI) tathA inake samAnArthaka zabdoM yA kriyAoM ke sAtha paMcamI hotI hai| jaise - (i) sajjaNu (1/1) pAvahe/pAvahu (5/1) dugucchai/Adi (sajjana pApa se ghRNA karatA hai|) (ii) mukkhu (1/1) ajjhayaNahe/ajjhayaNahu (5/1) viramai/ Adi (mUrkha adhyayana se haTatA hai|) (iii) tuhaM (1/1) sajjhAyahe/sajjhAyAhu (5/1) pamAyahi/Adi (tuma svAdhyAya se pramAda karate ho|) uppaja (utpanna honA), pabhava (utpanna honA) kriyA ke yoga meM paMcamI vibhakti hotI hai| jaise- (i) khettahe/khettahu (5/1) dhannu (1/1) uppajjai/Adi (kheta se dhAna utpanna hotA hai|) (ii) lobhahe/lobhAhu (5/1) kujjha (1/1) pabhavai/Adi (lobha se krodha utpanna hotA hai|) jisase kisI vastu yA vyakti kI tulanA kI jAe, usameM paMcamI hotI hai| jaise - (i) dhaNahe/dhaNAhu (5/1) NANu (1/1) gurutara (vi. 1/1) atthi| (dhana se jJAna acchA hai|) (ii) naridahe/naridahu (5/1) maMtI/maMti (1/1) kusalataro (vi. - 1/1) atthi| (rAjA se maMtrI adhika kuzala hai|) 8. 9. apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (47) For Personal & Private Use Only

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10. paMcamI ke sthAna meM kabhI-kabhI kahIM-kahIM tRtIyA aura saptamI pAI jAtI hai| jaise - (i) so (1/1) coreM/coreNaM (3/1) bIhai/Adi (vaha cora se DaratA hai|) (paMcamI ke sthAna para tRtiiyaa)| (ii) tuhu~ (11) sajjhAyi/sajjhAye (7/1) pamAyahi/Adi (tuma svAdhyAya meM pramAda karate ho|) (paMcamI ke sthAna meM sptmii)| 11. 'viNA' ke yoga meM paMcamI bhI hotI hai| (dvitIyA aura tRtIyA vibhakti ke atirikta) jaise(i) rAmahe/rAmahu (5/1) viNA sIyA/sIya (1/1) Na sohai/ Adi (rAma ke binA sItA nahIM zobhatI hai|) (ii) rAmeM/rAmeNaM (3/1) vA rAmu (2/1)viNA sIyA/sIya (1/1) Na sohai/Adi (rAma ke binA sItA nahIM zobhatI hai|) abhyAsa 1. pahAr3a se nadI nikalatI hai| 2. patte se bUMdeM giratI haiN| 3. vaha gambhIratA ke kAraNa prasiddha hai| 4. cora rAjA se DaratA hai| 5. vaha pitA se chipatA hai| 6. vaha pApa se bacatA hai| 7. tuma guru se pustaka pddh'o| 8. rAjA asatya se ghRNA karatA hai| 9. mUrkha sajjanoM se haTatA hai| 10. vaha svAdhyAya meM pramAda karatA hai| 11. krodha se moha utpanna hotA hai| 12. hiMsA se ahiMsA zreSTha hai| 13. vaha jJAna-guNa se rahita hai| 14. vaha bhAva se virakta hotA hai| 15. dharma ke binA jIvana vyartha hai| apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (48) For Personal & Private Use Only

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SaSThI vibhakti - sambandha yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki sambandha yA SaSThI vibhakti kAraka nahIM hai| saMbaMdha meM SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai| usakA kriyA se sambandha nahIM hotA hai| prathamA, dvitIyA Adi vibhaktiyoM kA kriyA se saMbaMdha hotA hai| 1. heu (prayojana yA kAraNa artha meM) zabda ke sAtha SaSThI hotI hai| heu zabda tathA kAraNa yA prayojanavAcI zabda donoM ko hI SaSThI vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise - (i) so annassu/annaho/annasu (6/1) heu/heU (6/1) gAmi/ gAme (71) vasaI (vaha anna ke prayojana se gA~va meM rahatA hai|) (yahA~ rahane kA hetu yA prayojana anna hai|) (ii) ajjhayaNassu/ajjhayaNaho (6/1) heaheU (6/1) sissu (1/1) nayare (7/1) Agacchai (adhyayana ke prayojana se ziSya nagara meM AtA hai|) (yahA~ nagara meM Ane kA prayojana adhyayana . hai|) 2. yadi heu zabda ke sAtha sarvanAma kA prayoga kiyA gayA ho to heu zabda aura sarvanAma donoM meM vikalpa se tRtIyA, paMcamI yA SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai| jaise - so ke heuNaM (3/1) vA kahAM heuhe (571) vA kassu heU (6/1) attha vasai (vaha kisa kAraNa se yahA~ rahatA hai|) eka samudAya meM se jaba eka vastu viziSTatA ke AdhAra se chA~TI jAtI hai, taba jisameM se chA~TI jAtI hai usameM SaSThI yA saptamI hotI hai| jaise - puNphehiM (7/2) puSphahaM (6/2) vA kamalu (1/1) aIva sohai (phUloM meM kamala kA phUla atyanta zobhatA hai|) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (49) For Personal & Private Use Only

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AzIrvAda dene kI icchA hone para Ausa, bhadda, kusala, sukha, hita tathA inake paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke sAtha caturthI yA SaSThI hotI hai| jaise - rAmAho/ rAmassu (4/1 yA 6/1) vA Ausa, bhadda, kusala, hita, sukha (1/1) (rAma ciraMjIvI ho, rAma kA kalyANa ho, rAma ko sukha ho, rAma kuzala ho, rAma kA hita ho, aadi|) dvitIyA-tRtIyA Adi vibhakti ke sthAna para SaSThI hotI hai| jaise(i) hau~ (1/1) sImaMdharassu (6/1) vandauM/vandAmi (maiM sImaMdhara . ko vandanA karatA huuN|) (dvitIyA ke sthAna para sssstthii)| (ii) dhaNassu (6/1) so (1/1) laddha/Adi (dhana se vaha prApta kiyA gyaa|) (tRtIyA ke sthAna para SaSThI) (iii) so corassu (6/1) bIhai (vaha cora se DaratA hai|) (paMcamI ke sthAna para SaSThI) (iv) tAhe piTThIhe (6/1) kesa-bhAru (1/1) (usakI pITha para kezabhAra hai|) (saptamI ke sthAna para sssstthii)| (khedapUrvaka) smaraNa karanA, dayA karanA, artha vAlI kriyA ke sAtha karma meM SaSThI hotI hai| jaise(i) so mAyAhe/mAyahe (6/1) samarai (vaha mAtA kA smaraNa karatA hai|) (ii) so bAlaassu (6/1) dayai/Adi (vaha bAlaka para dayA karatA hai|) sAdhAraNa artha meM smaraNa karane ke karma meM dvitIyA hI hotI hai| apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (50) For Personal & Private Use Only

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abhyAsa 1. rAma adhyayana ke prayojana se grantha par3hatA hai| 2. vaha kisa kAraNa se AyA hai| 3. parvatoM meM meru atyanta U~cA hai| 4. putrI kA kalyANa ho| 5. maiM mahAvIra kI vaMdanA karatA huuN| 6. vaha dhana se dhanavAna huaa|7. vaha zera se DaratA hai| 8. usake makAna para patthara hai| 1. saptamI vibhakti - adhikaraNa kAraka 'kartA kI kriyA kA AdhAra yA karma kA AdhAra adhikaraNa kAraka hotA hai| dUsare artha meM jisa sthAna para koI hotA hai, use adhikaraNa kahate haiM aura vaha saptamI vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai|' jaise - (i) so Asani/Asane (7/1) ciTThai/Adi (vaha Asana para baiThatA hai|) yahA~ kartA 'so' (vaha) kI kriyA ciTThai (baiThanA) kA AdhAra Asana hai ataH usameM saptamI vibhakti huii| (ii) so thAlIhiM/thAlihiM (7/1) odaNa (2/1) pacai/Adi (vaha thAlI (hA~DI) meM bhAta pakAtA hai|) yahA~ odaNa kA AdhAra thAlI (hA~DI) hai ataH usameM saptamI vibhakti huii| dUsare zabdoM meM baiThane kA kArya Asana para aura pakAne kA kArya thAlI (hA~DI) meM hone ke kAraNa inameM adhikaraNa kAraka huaa| ataH saptamI meM rakhA gayA hai| jaba eka kArya ke ho jAne para dUsarA kArya hotA hai to ho cuke kArya meM saptamI kA prayoga hotA hai| ho cuke kArya ke vAkya meM sakarmaka kriyA kA prayoga hone para vAkya karmavAcya meM hogA 2. apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (51) For Personal & Private Use Only

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aura akarmaka kriyA kA prayoga hone para vAkya kartRvAcya meM hogaa| jaise - 1) sakarmaka kriyA kA prayoga : (i) taiM/paI (3/1) bhoyaNe (7/1) khAe (bhUkR7/1) so harisai (tumhAre bhojana khA lene para vaha prasanna hotA hai|) (krmvaacy)| (ii) teM/teNaM (3/1) gaMthe (7/1) paDhie (7/1) tuhu~ gAahi/Adi (usake graMtha par3ha lene para tuma gAte ho) (karmavAcya) yahA~ kartA meM tRtIyA, karma aura kRdanta meM saptamI kA prayoga huA hai| 2) akarmaka kriyA kA prayoga : (i) sUre (7/1) uggie (7/1) kamalu (1/1) viasai (sUrya ke ugane para kamala khilatA hai|) (krtRvaacy)| kartRvAcya meM kartA aura kRdanta meM saptamI hotI hai| aura karmavAcya meM kartA meM tRtIyA aura karma aura kRdanta meM saptamI hotI hai| 3)jAnA kriyA donoM prakAra se prayukta ho sakatI hai| jaisA ki Upara udAharaNa meM batAyA gayA hai| jaise - (i) rAme (7/1) vanu (21) gae (7/1) dasarahu (1/1) pANA (2/2) cuai/cayai (rAma ke vana ko gae hue hone para dazaratha prANoM ko tyAgatA hai) (kartRvAcya) (ii) rAmeM/rAmeNa (3/1) vane (7/1) gae (7/1) dasaraha (1/1) pANA (2/2) cuai/cayai (rAma ke vana ko gae hue hone para dazaratha prANoM ko tyAgatA hai) (karmavAcya) apabhraMza vyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka (52) For Personal & Private Use Only

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3. 4. 5. ataH karmavAcya meM karttA meM tRtIyA aura karma aura kRdanta meM saptamI hotI hai / kartRvAcya meM karttA aura kRdanta meM saptamI hotI hai / dvitIya aura tRtIyA vibhakti ke sthAna meM saptamI bhI ho jAtI hai / jaise - (i) hauM nayari/nayare (7/1) na jAuM / Adi (maiM nagara ko meM nahIM jAtA huuN|) (dvitIyA ke sthAna para saptamI ) (ii) tahiM tIsu (7/2) puhai / puhaI (1/1) alaMkiA / Adi (una tInoM ke dvArA pRthvI alaMkRta huii|) (tRtIyA ke sthAna para saptamI) - paMcamI ke sthAna para kabhI-kabhI saptamI pAI jAtI hai / jaise - anteuri / anteure (7/1 ) ramiu ( saMkR) rAyA ( 1/1) Agau/ Adi (antaHpura se ramaNa karake rAjA A gayA | ) ( yahA~ paMcamI ke sthAna para saptamI huii|) pheMkane artha kI kriyAoM ke sAtha saptamI hotI hai / jaise - so bAlu (2/1) jale/jali (7/1) khivai ( vaha bAlaka ko jala meM pheMkatA hai / ) abhyAsa 1. rAjA Asana para baiThA / 2. vaha ghara meM rahatA hai / 3. krodha ke zAnta hone para dayA hotI hai| 4. kuzIla ke naSTa hone para zIla prakaTa hotA hai / 5. AgamoM ko jAnakara tumhAre lie satya kahA gayA hai| 6. anucaroM ke sAtha bAtacIta karake vaha gyaa| 7. viSaya se udAsIna citta yogI hotA hai / apabhraMza vyAkaraNa: sandhi- - samAsa - kAraka (53) For Personal & Private Use Only

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