Spiritual Enlightenment

Author(s): Yogindu Deva, A N Upadhye
Publisher: Radiant Publishers

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Spiritual Enlightenment
puts in a popular manner in a popular dialect of his time. It is to Kundakunda and Pujyapada, so far as I have been able to study earlier Jaina works, that Yogindu is greatly indebted. A few agreements might be noted here. Yogindu's discussion of three Atmans (I. 121-4) closely agrees with that in Mokkhapahuda 4-8. The definitions of Samyagdrshti and Mithya-drshti (I. 76-77) almost agree with those given by Kundakunda in Mokkhapahuda 14-5; and rightly indeed Brahmadeva quotes those gathas in explaining these dohas. Besides, the following parallels also deserve notice: Mokkhapahuda (Mp) 24 and P.-Prakash I. 86; Mp. 37 and Pp. II. 13 (partly); Mp. 51 and Pp. II.176-77; Mp. 66-69 and Pp. II. 81; etc. It is not without significance that Shrutasagara in his Sanskrit commentary on Mokkhapahuda, etc. quotes many dohas from P.-Prakash though this may not have historical justification. A closer comparison would reveal that Yogindu has inherited many ideas from Kundakunda of venerable name. Turning to Samadhi Shatak of Pujyapada, P.-Prakash agrees with it very closely; and I feel no doubt that Yogindu has almost verbally followed that model. For want of space I could not quote the parallel verses here, but I give only references from both the works that have close agreement. Samadhi Shatak (SS) 4-5 and P.-Prakash I. 11-14; Ss. 31 and Pp. II. 175, I. 123*2; Ss. 64-66 and Pp. II. 178-80 (very close agreement); Ss. 70 and Pp. I. 80; Ss. 78 and Pp. II. 46*1; Ss. 87-88 and Pp. I. 82 (amplified); etc. There are many common ideas besides these close agreements. But there is a vast difference between the styles of Pujyapada and Yogindu. Pujyapada is a grammarian; and we know, as the popular saying goes, that a grammarian is as much happy on the economy of words as on the birth of a son. Pujyapada is concise in his expressions, chaste in his language and precise in his thoughts; but Yogindu's style, as seen above, is full of repetitions and general statements. The very virtues of Pujyapada have made his work very stiff, and it can be now studied only by men of learning. Perhaps Yogindu thought of propounding in a popular language and manner the important ideas of Samadhi Shatak which, being