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Spiritual Enlightenment
sentient substance; and the remaining five, namely Pudgala or matter, Dharma or the principle of motion, Adharma or the principle of rest, Akash or space and Kala or time are insentient and separate from the soul. Really speaking (so far as its essential nature is concerned) the soul is non-corporal, an embodiment of knowledge, characterised by supreme bliss and (one that can achieve) an eternal condition of purity. Matter, in its six types, is corporal or concrete (murta, i.e., having sensequalities and thus amenable to sense-perception); while others, along with Dharma and Adharma or the principles of rest and motion, are non-corporal. That is known as Akash or sky in which all the remaining substances exist, i.e., which gives room to all the remaining substances. Kala or time is a substance characterised by vartana, i.e., continuity, being an accessory cause of change when things themselves are undergoing a change; the moments of time are individually separate like jewels in a heap of jewels. Excepting Jiva (soul), Pudgala (matter) and Kala (time), the remaining substances, namelv. Dharma (the principle of motion). Adharma (the principle of rest) and Akash (space) are indivisible and homogeneous wholes. Besides Jiva (soul) and Pudgala(matter), the remaining four substances. namely, Dharma, Adharma, Akash and Kala have no movement. Dharma, Adharma and a soul occupy innumerable space-points. Akash occupies infinite spacepoints, and Pudgala or matter has manifold space-points. Though the six substances exist together in the physical space, they exist in fact in their own gunas or qualities or attributes. These various substances fulfil their own functions for the embodied beings which wander in Samsara suffering the miseries of four grades of existence. The very nature of these substances has been the cause of misery; so one should follow the path of liberation that he might reach that realm other than this Samsara. (15-28)
The condition or state of the self which understands the substances exactly as they are is known as knowledge. (29)
Cultivation of that genuine and pure state of the self after fully realizing and discriminating the self and the other (than
