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The Doctrine of Jainism Alledgedly Introduced
by Aryadēva by Hajime Nakamura-Professor of Indian Philosophy,
University of Tokyo, Japan . Aryadēva (c. 170-270), the Buddhist Philosopher, who was a pupil of Nagarjuna, was an ardent polemist against heresies. He mentioned twenty heresies in the sāstra by the Bodhisattva Ārya-Dēva on the Explanation of Nirvana by [ Twenty ] Heretical and Hinayāna [ Teachers] Mentioned in the Larkå ( avatāra ]-sūtra (<T'i po pʻu sa shih lang chia ching chung wai tao hsiao sheng nieh p'an lun,> Nanjio 1260 ). 8 work ascribed to Aryadēva. This work was written in Sanskrit, but the original text was lost, and a Chinese version alone is extant. This work classifies the nirvana-theories of heretics mentioned in the Lankavatārasutra into twenty species. There is some doubt as to whether the escription is correct, but since it was translated by Bodhi. ruci (508-539 ) we must assume that it had been composed at least as early as the fifth century A.D. In this work the doctrine of Jainism is mentioned as the thirteenth herosy. The doctrine is set forth very briefly as follows:
"The teachers of the Nirgranthas, the thirteenth heretios set forth the following doctrine.
"In the beginning of the universe) there were born a man and a woman. These two got together, and gave birth to all beings, both animate and inanimate (jiva and ajiva). In the later period these beings are destructed and dissolved. This situation is called nirvana. Therefore the Nirgranthas hold the theory that the meeting together of male and female, giving birth to all beings, is called the cause of nirvana."
As so far is the theory ascribed to the Nirgranthas, this scription
1 Cf. Najio's edition, Bombun Nyū Ryogakyo (=Bibliotheca Otaniensis I, Kyoto, 1923, pp. 182 (line 15)-184 (line 14).
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