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Praśamarati
212. The Adholoka has seven worlds (where, in the first world are the habitats of the lower Devas and the first hell; the remaining six worlds have the hells No. 2 to No. 7). The 'Tiryak-loka has many worlds (i.e. the many concentric islands/ rings of land and ocean and the habitats of the Jyotisa Devas i.e. the lower heavens). The Urdhva-loka has fifteen worlds.
213. The substance called Ākāśa is there in the cosmos and also beyond the cosmos. The Kāla (Time) substance is there in the first two and one half island/rings of the middle part (Tiryak-loka) where only human beings live. (This is because here there is day/night - the measure of the Kāla substance). The rest of the four substances Jiva Dharmāstikāya, Adharmāstikāya and Pudgala are everywhere in the cosmos. One Jīva lives in an infinitely small part of the cosmos, but when a Realised human being does the final ritual of leaving the body, then the Jiva occupies the entire cosmos (see verses 273/274).
214. Dharmāstikāya, Adharmāstikāya and Akāśa, these three are single substances. The remaining three, Kāla, Pudgala and Jiva are infinite in number. Except Kāla (which only passes), the other five substances are known as Astikāya i.e. whose quantity can be in group form. All, except Jiva do not do any activity (i.e. are Akartā), while Jīva does good and evil actions.
215. Dharmāstikāya is a substance which helps (Jīva and Pudgala) in movement. Adharmāstikāya is a substance which helps (Jīva and Pudgala) in remaining steady. (Just as though, a fish has the power to move and to remain steady, it cannot do either without the presence of the water substance. Thus without these two substances none of us or any other material object, could move or remain steady). Akāśa is the substance that gives place/room (to the Jīvas and Pudgala in this universe).
216 & 217. The Pudgala substance has the characteristics of
