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Jaina Iconography-A brief Survey
armed) and 2 or 4 armed Yaksa, either like Kubera, (Sarvānubhutt) or evolved from the form of Kubera. This is in fact a stage in the evolution of the worship of twenty four different Sasanadevatās. The practice lingered on even after Hemacandra (who refers to quite different forms) as proved by the archaaeological evidence of Abu and Kumbharia noted above.
At Devagadh the following stages are marked : One replaced the old Yaksi (Ambika) for Tirtharkaras other than Neminātha and inserted a two-armed Yaksi showing abhaya (or varada) mudra and a pot or a citron ; the other was the evolution of all the twentyfour different Yaksis with a different iconography and new names as in Temple no. 12. In this set some forms are of better workmanship than others. Each Yaksī is represented as standing on a separate slab, and above her is a figure of a Jina whose Sāsanadevatā she is supposed to be. Names of the Jina as well as his Yaksî are of the same age as the sculptures since it is difficult to assign a roughly accurate date either to the sculptures or to the Devanagari characters of the labels, the characters being in a stage of evolution which still awaits scientific palaeographical study. But they may tentatively be regarded as of the same age, c. 950 A D. or a little earlier.
The Tiloyapannatti gives a list of twentyfour Yaksis, the names being different from the lists of the Devagadh set or of the Pratist hasarodhara. The age of this portion of the Tiloyapannatti is uncertain and the list is probably later than the time of the original Tiloya pannatti. The reference to Balacandra Saiddhantika in Tiloyapannatti, also suggests the same thing.
The following comparative tables showing names of the twenty four Yaks.is according Devagadh Temple 12 set (DT). Tilo yapannatti (TP), Pratisthasaroddhara (PS), and Hemacandra 's Trisastisalakapurusacaritra (HT) may be useful :Jaina DT ТР PS
HT 1. Rsabhanatha Cakresvari Cakresvari Cakresvari
Cakresvari 2. Ajitanatha
Rohini Rohini
Ajita 3. Sambhava. Prajnapti Prajnapti
Duritari
or Namra 4. Abhinandana Sarasvati Vajrasrn
Vajrasın
Kaliga khala
khala or
Duritari 5. Sumati.
Vairankusi Khadgavara Mahakali
or Mohini 6. Padmaprabha Sulocana Apraticakra
Syama 7. Suparsva.
Purusadatta Kall or
Santa
Manavi 8. Candra. Sumalini Manovega Jvalini
Bhrukuti prabha 9. Puspadanta Bahurupi Kali
Mahakali
Sutaraka Bhrukuti
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