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The Jaina Philosophy of Non-Absolutism predicate are identical and different both, because we cannot get rid of the two, unless we are prepared to escape into the stranglehold of Vedanta or to court intellectual death which the nihilism of śünyavāda holds out as a temptation.
Section III
We have completed the survey of the first two propositions and discussed all the relevant problems in connection therewith. We now propose to survey the remaining propositions. The jar exists and does not exist in their relevant contexts)' is the third proposition. Herein the two attributes, existence and nonexistence, are successively predicated of the subject, 'jar.' It has already been established that the two attributes together form a different attribute from each of them and the resulting attribute is not a mere mechanical juxta position of two separate attributes, predicated respectively in the first and the second proposition. We shall further discuss and evaluate the objections that have been advanced by the absolutist philosophers against the entire system of predication at the end of the chapter. The import of the predicate nd of the subject has been fully discussed and that makes further discussion of the import of the proposition unnecessary. As regards the fourth proposition, the crux of the problem centres upon the predicate 'inexpressible and we have discussed threadbare all the problems involved in the concept in the preceding chapter. It will be sufficient to observe here that the fourth proposition may be defined as one in which the attribute of inexpressibility is predicated of the subject. But inexpressibility is not the sole and sufficient characteristic. It is only one among many. That it is a different attribute from the predicates of the first, second and third propositions has been fully made out and we do not see anything to add to what has been said already.
The Jaina prefaces all the propositions by the word 'syāt,' which indicates that it is only a partial characterization. Our previous investigations have made the task of explaining the remaining propositions rather an easy affair. The fifth proposition asserts the compresence of two attributes, existence and inexpressibility. Both are real and necessary attributes. Existence
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