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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
[JULY, 1913
the Pali or Sanskrit (p. 135). Here and there the Baudhayana-dharma-sutras. This same word Prof. Oldenberg finds traces of the prime canon Kâraskara is met with in the 44th Chapter of the on which both the PAli and the Sanskrit are based Karnaparpam of the Mahabharata. In both these (p. 150). Prof. Oldenberg objects, in the light of places, this word is used to denote a tribe of Central Asian discoveries, to the assertion of Prof. barbarians. Baudhayana has prescribed an ex. Rhys Davids that the old vinaya had never been piation for those who might have incurred the translated into Sanskrit.
guilt of visiting the country of these people. In the Journal Asiatique, Sept. and Oct. 1912, Dr. Bühler thinks that they must have lived Prof. Sylvain Levi gives an exhaustive in the South. (Vide, note on p. 148, Sacred Books of study of the apramada-varga and the Sanskrit the East, Vol. XIV). This ingenious suggestion, Dharmupada discovered by the Pilliot mission. if accepted-and we for ourselves see no objec: A very interesting fact deduced by Prof. tion to it--enables us to throw a new and a better Sylvain Levi from the Chinese authorities is that
| light upon the 158th sútra karaskarovrikshah
light upon the 186th edtra a portion of the Dharmapada was translated oocurring in the first pada of the sixth Chapter of from Sanskrit into Chinese by a fire-worshipper Påņini's Ashtadhyayf. The Paraskaradi group converted to Buddhism and that tho Mahdvastu also includes this word Kárasakara, which stands mentions the Dharmapada.
second there. There is, therefore, no doubt, that Perhaps of still greater value and interest is
Panini knew the term Káraskara. Some people the Professor's dissertation on the pre-canonic include it in the Kaskadi group, but this is not language of Buddhism in the Journal Asiatique, generally allowed. The expression Satra KárasNovem. and Decem. 1912. The conclusion of karo urikahah means
karo urikshah means a tree growing in the country his most fascinating study seems to be that the called Karaskara and itself having the same name. Asoka edict of Bairat mentions portions of the Panini,' we thus clearly see, well knew two factsBuddhistic scriptures in the language in which (1) that Karaskara was the name of a country and they were first given out, that is to say, the (2) that the trees from that country were also prime language of Buddhism. I hope to give al called karaskara. Of course, if the suggestion more detailed notice shortly of Prof. Sylvain Levi's that Karaskara must be some southern countrystudies, which, if accepted, must greatly modify lying to the South of the Vindhya mountains, be our views of Ur-Buddhism and its language. approved, then we may surely say that this
southern country called Kåraskara was known to Theorie des doute causes by Prof. L. de la
Panini, who, moreover, knew that a very precious Valle Poussin is his further study of the
kind of timber was being imported from that Buddhist theory of the pratityasamutpdda.
country into Northern India, in his time. The Professor uses, besides the PAli canon, the
(9) Now, Baudhảyana tells us that Karaskara Tibetan Shatistambasdtra, and Sanskrit works
is the name of a barbarian tribe. Let us try to among them the invaluable Abhidharmakosha of find out, who these people must have been and Vasubandhu. Sanskritista interested in Buddh- what must be the present corruption of their ist philosophy will be glad to learn that the name. We think that these Karaskaras of the Belgian Academy will soon bring out the third time of Påņini and Baudhayana are the present kosha and that Prof. Sylvain Levi is engaged on
Katkaris of Mabarashtra. The name Kâtkaris the first dealing with vijñaña and shadayatana.
can be derived thus:G. K. NARIMAN.
TET=art=1 = k.
As at present, so in ancient times, these Katkarir KARASKARA OR THE KATKARI TRIBE. used to live in the Mahákántara to the south of the (Translated from Mr. V. K. Rajwade's Marathi Vindhyas and the country which they occupied essay.)
came to be called Káraskara after them. The (1) Along with the words Åratta, Pauņdra,
derivation of this word given in the Bombay
Gazetteer is thoroughly untenable. Panini thus Saavira, Vanga, Kalinga apd Pränna, expressive
must have known the Kåraskara country, th of those countries and their peoples, the word
Kuraskara tree and possibly also the Karaskar. KAraskara a)go occurs in the 14th sátra of the second
people. kandikd in the first adhydya of the first pradna of
K. C. M.
1 The original essay is published in the Report of the Bharat-Itihasa-Samahodhak-Mandal Vol. III Part II.
