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lieve mankind. On this side only in the last century Motisha of Bombay erected many Dharmashalas and was noted for his extreme solicitude for the poor and the starving. The charities of Sada Somji, Narsi Natha, Narsi Keshavji and others amongst the Jains are historic. As a scholar you camot but be aware of the name of the late Premchand Raichand who only recently spent large sun such as 60,00,000 of Rupees on educational and other charities. His name is permanently associated with the Bombay and Calcutta universities. The Rajabai Tower otherwise known as University Clock Tower was erected by him in memory of his mother Rajabai and gifted over to the Bombay University. He als erected many Dharmashalas and wells and Pathashalas for the benefit of humanity. A very large num ber of hospitals, schools and other institutions are even now maintained by Jains and conducted on a very catholic basis without distinction of caste or creed. The Humanitarian League of Bombay started by the Jains deserves special mention, as the same has been rendering service to people throughout India without distinction of caste and creed. The same commands many non-Jain and European members and is being conducted on uptodate lines.
DR. O. PERTOLD AND JAIN ETHICS.
It may not be out of place to cite here what Dr. O. Pertold says on the great doctrine of
