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he was preceded by Subhacandra. To decide the relative chronology of Hemacandra and Subhacandra, still we have to wait for the future studies based on the close conceptual comparison of the works of the two authors in the trend of Jaina thought. : This analysis concerning the treatment of the nonāgamic classification of dhyāna leads by itself to suggest the date of our author. He was preceded by Amitagati (c. 1000 A. D.) and succeeded by Hemacandra (10881172 A. D.). We are not yet quite sure of the date of Subhacandra (scholars argue about it variously ranging from 9th to 13th century), hence leaving him aside from our consideration at present, I would like to take the known date of Hemacandra for the basis of my inference. There is the obvious lapse of time between Dhyānastava and Yogaśastra, and a certain period of time should be allowed in between. Dr. Bhargava says in his Jaina Ethics (p. 244). "He completed his Yogaśāstra in about 1160 A. D." So it may be reasonable to assign the lower limit of Bhaskaranandi's date at the beginning of the !2th century. This hypothetical date can be supported on the ground that Bhaskaranandi was not yet affected by the Víra Saiva movement which started in the middle of the 12th century. In his Tattvarthavrtti 1:1, he quotes Yaśastilaka in order to refute the heretical dogmas on the nature and expedient of liberation, And if he were alive in the middle of this movement, he could have retorted them with criticisms in some way. The fact that he quoted the work of Somadeva who lived in the 10th century suggests that he survived in the period when the
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