$JES 904 Compendium of Jainism (Jain Academic Bowl Manual 3rd Edition)

Author(s): JAINA Education Committee
Publisher: JAINA Education Committee

Page 60

PHILOSOPHY
1. Anashan (Fasting):
Complete abstinence from eating any food and/or drinking liquid. Sometimes one can drink only achit (previously boiled) water for a predetermined period of time, such as for a day or more. This spares our digestive energy to focus on spiritual uplift. This is known as Upaväs.
2. Alpähära or Unodari (Eat less than Hunger):
Eating at least 10% less than one's appetite at a given time
3. Ichhänirodha or Vritti-sankshepa (Limit on Foods and Possessions): Limiting the number of food items while eating and limiting the possession of material things.
4. Rasatyäg (Elimination of Tasty Food):
Complete abstinence from eating or drinking juicy and tasty foods such as butter, milk, tea, sweets, fried food, snacks, spicy food, and juices. Alsoone should eliminate junk food which has little or no nutrition value. In other words, there is no attachment to the taste of the food. We need to eat a minimum quantity of food to live a healthy life but we do not need to eat food for taste and enjoyment.
5. Kaya-klesha (Voluntarily enduring sufferings):
One willfully subjects himself to the sufferings of a body even when one does not have to and remaining undisturbed while experiencing sufferings. This is the general term for all types of penances (Tapa). Activities include traveling bare foot in severe heat or cold weather and removal of hair by hand as practiced by Jain monks and nuns.
B07- Nav Tattva Part II: Samvar, Nirjarä, and Moksha
6. Sanlinatä (Giving up Pleasures of Five Senses):
One sits in a lonely place (in various postures) with all the senses and mind withdrawn inwardly and gives up the pleasures of the five senses and the mind.
7. Some External Austerities (Bähya Tapasyäs) -
Based on above six Bähya Tapas, below are the combination of tapas that are performed.
External austerities are practiced in various ways depending upon individual capacity. Following is the list of some Tapasyäs:
Navkärasi
Porsi
Sädh-Porsi
Purimuddha
Avadhdh
Biyäsan
Ekäsan
Äyambil
Upavas
Tivihär Upaväs
Chauvihär Upaväs
Page 60 of 398
One must take food or water forty-eight minutes after sunrise. Even brushing teeth and rinsing the mouth should be done after sunrise.
Taking food or water three hours after sunrise
Taking food or water four hours and thirty minutes after sunrise
Taking food or water six hours after sunrise
Taking food or water nine hours after sunrise
Taking food twice a day while sitting in one place
Taking food only once while sitting in one place
Taking food only once in one sitting. The food should not have any taste or spices and should be boiled or cooked. Also, one should not use milk, curds, ghee, oil, sweets, sugar or jaggery and green or raw vegetables
One must not take any food for twenty-four hours starting from sunrise to sunrise the next day.
One may drink only boiled water during Upaväs.
One does not even drink water during Upaväs.
Compendium of Jainism - 2015