Book Title: $JES 904 Compendium of Jainism (Jain Academic Bowl Manual 3rd Edition)
Author(s): JAINA Education Committee
Publisher: JAINA Education Committee
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CONDUCT
Four Main Attributes:
• Omniscience
• All heavenly gods and humans respect and bow down to Tirthankar
⚫ Thirty five special qualities of Tirthankar's sermon
• Absence of all calamities and diseases within 125 Yojan (unit of area measurement) of Tirthankar
Some Jain traditions believe the four Anant Chatushtay (Infinite Knowledge, Infinite Perception, Perfect Conduct, Infinite Energy) are the four main attributes rather than aforementioned attributes.
Eight Other Attributes endowed by Heavenly Gods (8 Prätihäryas):
Simhasan
A divine seat from where Arihanta delivers sermons
Bhämandal
A halo behind Arihanta's head
Chämar
Chhatra
Ashok Vruksha
Pushpa-vristi A continuous shower of fragrant flowers
Angels waving fans (Chowries) to honor Arihanta's greatness
A three tier divine umbrella over the head suggesting the Arihanta's superiority over the three regions - Hell, Earth, and Heaven.
A tree under which Arihanta sits
Deva
Dundubhi
Divya Dhvani Celestial music accompanying Arihanta's sermons
A divine announcement declaring Arihanta's sermons
C01 Pancha Paramesthi
Some Jain literature expands on the 12 attributes to 34 attributes of Tirthankars also known as 34 Atishaya. Some differences exist between the Shvetämbar and Digambar traditions in defining these Atishayas.
Thirty-four Atishayas of a Tirthankar - Shvetämbar Tradition
Four (4) Attributes present at Birth:
• Divine and healthy body, which is fragrant and without perspiration Fragrant breath
⚫ Milky white, odorless blood and odorless flesh
Invisible food intake (diet) and excreta
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Eleven (11) Attributes attained at Omniscience or Keval-Jnän:
The first eight attributes indicate absence of disease, enmity, calamity, plague, flooding, draught, famine, and political unrest up to a distance of 125 Yojan (an ancient degree of measurement. 1 Yojan = approximately 4 miles).
9th attribute - The Tirthankar's sermon, though delivered in Ardha-Mägadhi language, is understood well by all, including animals, and is heard clearly up to 1 Yojan away.
10th attribute - Aura or Halo (Bhämandal)- A circle of light around Tirthankar's head.
11th attribute A total of 10,000,000 x 10,000,000 (= 100,000 billion) human beings, heavenly beings, and animals can be accommodated within a space of 1 Yojan Squared when a Tirthankar delivers sermons.
Compendium of Jainism - 2015
