Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu

Author(s): A Ekambarnathan, C K Sivprakasham
Publisher: Research Foundation for Jainology Chennai
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006562/1

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JAINA INSCRIPTIONS IN TAMILNADU (A TOPOGRAPHICAL LIST) FICHIEPL nesteert EYLHEJ 90591 LFCsernye Bild Dr.A.EKAMBARANATHAN Dr.C.K.SIVAPRAKASAM

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ABOUT THE BOOK. ... To get information about the history of Jalna thought in Tamilnadu, Its influence and its contribution in various fields of human activity, one had to wade through Palm-leaf manuscripts, old editions of literary works and epigraphical reports now not reprinted, oral lectures from erudito scholars, visits to monuments, - dilapidated and under worship - containing Inscriptions, icons and paintings. Compllation of such information in one volume removes to a great extent this difficulty. This volume will satiate every research minded person in his search for truth... S. SRIPAL, 1.P.S.

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JAINA INSCRIPTIONS IN TAMILNADU (A TOPOGRAPHICAL LIST) Dr. A. EKAMBARANATHAN, M.A., Ph.D., DEPARTMENT OF ANCIENT HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS, MADRAS - 600 005. & Dr. C. K. SIVAPRAKASAM, M.A., Ph.D., DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, A.V.V.M. SRI PUSHPAM COLLEGE, POONDI, THANJAVUR - 613 503. RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR JAINOLOGY, MADRAS - 600 079,

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Research Foundation for Jainology, Madras - 79. First Edition. 1987. Published by Printed by Research Foundation for Jainology (Regd.), "Sugan House", 18, Ramanuja Iyer Street, Sowcarpet, Madras 600 079. P. H. Viswanathan, The Balussery Press, 30, Singarachari Street, Madras - 600 005.

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Foreword Preface Publisher's Note CONTENTS 1. Anna District 2. Chengalpattu District 3. Chidambaranar District 4. Coimbatore District 5. Dharmapuri District 6 Kamarajar District 7. Kanyakumari District 8. Madras District 9. Madurai District 10. North Arcot District 11. Pasumpon Muthu Ramalingam District 12. Periyar District 13. Pudukkottai District 14. Ramanathapuram District 15. South Arcot District 16. Thanjavur District 17. Tiruchirappalli District 18. Tirunelveli Kattabomman District Appendix-1 Page < ix xii 1 25 5355 100 102 110 118 140 145 213 293 295 308 333 336 423 432 449 457

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ABBREVIATIONS ARE. Annual Report on Epigraphy Epi, Ind. Epigraphia Indica PSI Pudukkottai State Inscriptions SII. South Indian Inscriptions TAS. Travancore Archaeological Series TASSI. Transactions of the Archaeological Society of South India. DIACRITICAL MARKS ll !

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FOREWORD Thiru S. SRIPAL, I.P.S., (INSPECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE, TAMILNADU) CHAIRMAN, RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR JAINOLOGY, 18, RAMANUJA IYER STREET, SOWCARPET, MADRAS 600 079. 1 This magnum opus, "Jaina Inscriptions in TamilnaduA Topographical list", indefatigably and meticulously compiled by Dr. A. Ekambaranathan and Dr. C. K. Sivaprakasam, is a long awaited boon for research scholars. To get information about the history of Jaina thought in Tamilnadu, its influence and its contribution in various fields of human activity, one had to wade through palm-leaf manuscripts, old editions of literary works and epigraphical reports now not reprinted, oral lectures from erudite scholars, visits to monuments - dilapidated and under worshipcontaining inscriptions, icons and paintings. Compilation of such information in one volume removes to a great extent this difficulty. This volume will satiate every research minded person in his search for truth. The history of Jainism in Tamilnadu has not received due treatment in the past, and I feel that this volume is the first step taken in the right direction, and association of the Research Foundation for Jainology with this huge task is but logical. Inscriptions on open rocks, rock-cut beds and walls of temples; sculptures carved on boulders, paintings etc., depicting the V

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spiritual contribution of Jaina Tirthankaras, their life sketches, ascetic wanderings to which we have references in Bhagavatapurana, Visnupurana and other ancient literature, charities and donations made liberally by kings to Jaina monasteries are to be found in every district of Tamilnadu. Grammar, didactic literature, epics and commentaries on epics are the fields in Tamil literature where contribution by Jaina thinkers in the last three to four thousand years is acknowledged to be substantial by eminent scholars. Non-killing, not eating meat and society free of women of easy virtues are three important concepts propounded and emphasised in Tirukkural created over two thousand years ago by a Tamil genius. These concepts find place as ahimsa and brahma. charya in the celebrated Anuvrat adored by Jains. The term AdhiBhagavan appearing in the first couplet meaning "the first omniscient", is taken by some Jaina scholars as the first of the twenty four Jaina Tirthankaras, Lord Rishabanatha. He is also known by the names Adhinatha, Adhisvami etc. The argument of these scholars is that the word Adhi is there in the first couplet to denote the first of the twenty four Bhagavans. The influence of Jaina thought on Tirukkural is referred to by several scholars. Ahimsa is mentioned as the foremost Dharma in Tirukkural and Himsa as the seed bed of all other evils.. It is not my intention to enter into or generate any controversy or argument, but I am merely reproducing the views of some scholars in the past only to highlight the dominent role played by Jaina thought in shaping and moulding the socio-cultural life of the ancient Tamil land. The publication of this compendium is bound to generate a lot of interest amidst avid historians and researchers because of the magnificient and scientific way in which it projects the notable and purposeful part played by Jaina thought in Tamilnadu. I heartily congratulate the authors and the Research Foundation for Jainology for associating itself with this invaluable publication. Madras, 1-3-1987. vi S. SRIPAL

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FOREWORD Dr. T. G. KALGHATGI, M.A., Ph.D., PROFESSOR AND HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF JAINOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS, MADRAS 600 005. A Persian poet has compared the universe to an old manuscript of which the first and last pages have been lost. It is not possible for us to say easily how the book began and how it is likely to end. For centuries, man has been trying to discover the lost pages. That is knowledge. "Jaina inscriptions in Tamilnadu - A Topographical list" compiled by Dr. A. Ekambaranathan and Dr.C.K. Sivaprakasam is an admirable attempt in discovering the lost pages in the history and development of Jaina influence in Tamilnadu. The inscriptions and palm-leaf manuscripts are reliable source materials for understanding the course of the influence of Jaina thought on the life of the people of Tamilnadu, and the authors have put in strenuous efforts in collecting the documents for the benefit of scholars of Jainism. As the authors say in the preface, there is no doubt that Jainism played an important role in the socio-cultural mileu of the Tamils and left an indelible mark on the life and thought of the people in this area. The Jaina vestiges in the form of monuments, sculptures, paintings and inscriptions give scope for scientific study of the history of Jainism in this part of the country. vii

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The present work is a collection of 530 Jaina inscriptions in Tamilnadu from the earliest times to the modern period. The collection has been systematically presented district wise in 18 chapters with an appendix. Some epigraphs from places like Saravananpedu, Velappadi and Chittamur have been discovered by Dr. A. Ekambaranathan. If we go through the inscriptions, we find revealing material throwing light on the history of Jainism in this region. It is worthy of note that large number of early records come from the southern districts, while later epigraphs are abundant in the northern districts of Tamilnadu. Obviously, the concentration of the Jains prior to the 10th century A.D. was mainly in the southern part and subsequently several settlements sprang up in the northern part of the state. The inscriptions collected in this book also give an insight into the political history of the area. The early Brahmi records have the credit of supplementing our knowledge with the names of five kings of the Sangam age. The patronage extended to Jainism by the Pallava, Chola, Pandya and Vijayanagar rulers is apparent from their lithic records found in epicentres like Kalugumalai, Madurai, Tirupparuttikungu, Tirumalai, Tirunagungondai etc. Most of these kings, though followers of Hinduism, were tolerent towards Jainism. There was mutual respect for each others' faith. It is a great lesson to the recent rise of fundamentalism in our country. Dr. A. Ekambaranathan and Dr. C. K. Sivaprakasam have done great service to the study of ancient inscriptions of Jaina faith in particular and to the history of Tamilnadu in general. The authors deserve our felicitation for the rich contribution to the Jainological studies. The book is a valuable addition to the library pertaining to the study of Jainology. I hope more and more such works will come out of the facile pen of Dr. A. Ekambaranathan and Dr. C. K. Sivaprakasam. Madras, 9-3-1987. viii T. G. KALGHATGI

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PREFACE Jainism had a long but chequered history over a period of two thousand years in the southern part of the Peninsular India. There is no denying of the fact that it played a dominant role in the socio-cultural mileu of the Tamils and had left indelible marks on the thought and life of the people. The rich Jaina vestiges in the form of monuments, sculptures and inscriptions in Tamilnadu provide ample scope for scientific study which is yet to receive due attention from scholars. Of these antiquarian remains, the epigraphs engraved on caves, rocks, walls of temples and on pedestals of images, throw a flood of light on the socio-economic and religious life of the people. Great hardship is encountered by those--be it a common reader or scholar engaged in reaearch-who seek access to the epigraphical materials published since 1885 by the Epigraphy Department of the Archaeological Survey of India, Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu, and other inscriptions reported by individuals in some research journals and magazines. Hence, the need for presenting them in a single volume was found to be a desideratum. Having this in view, proposals to bring out a Topographical list of Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu were sent to the Research Foundation for Jainology, Madras-600 079, which in turn generously accepted the proposals and also agreed to undertake its publication ix

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The present work has a collection of 530 Jaina inscriptions in Tamilnadu from the earliest times down to the modern period, llected from various sources such as Annual Reports on Epigraphy, South Indian Inscriptions, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Epigraphia Indica, Travancore Archaeological Series, Corpus of the Tamil-Brahmi Inscriptions, Inscriptions of ihe Pudukkottai State and the Kanyakumari, Madras, Dharmapuri Districts' Inscriptions published by the Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu. Besides, A Topographical list of Inscriptions in the Madras Presidency (1919) by V. Rangacharya, List of Inscriptions in Southern India (1932) by R. Sewell, A Topographical list of Inscriptions in Tamilnadu and Kerala (Vol. I, North Arcot, 1985) by T. V. Mahalingam, and various journals reporting the discovery of Jaina inscriptions were consulted to present an exhaustive list of the records available in this region. In this work, the records have been classified chronologically and villages have been arranged alphabetically under each district. Additional information is given wherever necessary at the end of the inscriptions. The old names of the districts, as found in the Epigraphical reports, are retained for those districts which have not been bifurcated so far. The names of the newly formed districts have also been included here to make the list upto date. [Madurai bifurcated into Anna and Madurai districts. Coimbatore divided into Periyar and Coimbatore districts. Tirunelveli bifurcated into Chidambaranar and Tirunelveli-Kattabor man districts. Ramanathapuram trifurcated into Kamarajar, Pasumpon Muthuramalingam and Ramanathapuram districts.) We owe a sense of gratitude to the authorities of the Epigraphy Department, Mysore-5 and the Southern Circle of the Archaeological Survey of India, Madras-9, for permitting us to consult the published epigraphical reports available in their libraries. Our thanks are also due to Prof. S. Thanyakumar for kindly placing the publications of the Jain Youth Forum, Madras-600 17, at our disposal. We are under deep obligation to the authorities of the Research Foundation for Jainology, Madras-600 079, for not providing a contingent grant of Rs. 5000/-to complete the project work, but also for undertaking its publication.

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Mr.S. Krishnachand Chordia, General Secretary of the Research Foundation, had been a source of inspiration from the beginning and without whose constant encouragement the work would not have been completed in time. We are deeply beholden to Thiru S. Sripal, I. P. S., (Inspector-General of Police, Tamilnadu) Chairman of the Research Foundation for Jainology and Dr. T.G. Kalghatgi, M.A., Ph.D., Professor and Head, Department of Jainology, University of Madras, for the keen interest shown in the publication of this compendium and also for kindly contributing each a foreword to it. We are indebted to Mr. P.H. Viswanathan of the Balussery Press, Madras-600 005, for the neat execution of printing the book. Madras, 1-4-1987. xi A. EKAMBARANATHAN C. K. SIVAPRAKASAM

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PUBLISHER'S NOTE This Book JAINA INSCRIPTIONS IN TAMILNADU (A TOPOGRAPHICAL LIST) comes out as the First Publication of the RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR JAINOLOGY, Madras. It is our earnest hope that the publication of the book, at this juncture, will prove immensely beneficial to the students of the various courses in the Department of Jainology, University of Madras, and to the Researchers and Scholars. Dr. A. EKAMBARANATHAN, Department of Ancient History & Archaeology, University of Madras and Dr. C.K. SIVAPRAKASAM, Department of History, A.V V.M. Sri Pushpam College, Poondi, Thanjavur, took lot of pains in compiling the information about the Jaina inscriptions spread all over TamilNadu. They have included views of some reputed scholars also. The Foundation is grateful to them for the enthusiasm, devotion and hard work put in by them in the completion of this job; in particular, Dr. A. Ekambaranathan's hard work, sincerity of purpose and devotion to the cause, spending several hours going through each and every page of printed matter and correcting them to ensure that the entire matter comes out perfectly, requires special mention. xii

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By contributing this excellent volume, Dr. Ekambaranathan and Dr. Sivaprakasam have prepared the basic material needed by students and scholars to pursue research on the history of Jainism, and to understand how the Jaina way of life, particularly non-violence (Ahimsa), influenced the socio--religious life of the people in Tamilnadu. We are greatly indebted to Dr. Ekambaranathan and Dr. Sivaprakasam for this. Our thanks are also due to (i) Balussery Press for printing this volume prestigiously; (ii) to Guardian Process for colourfully bringing out the wrapper page and (iii) to Artist Thiru Viswanathan for the elegance and appropriateness with which the wrapper page was designed. Last, but not least, our grateful thanks are due to the Members of Jaina community who came forward spontaneously to share the expenses of this publication, to make it a grand success. 'SUGAN HOUSE 18, Ramanuja Iyer St., Sowcarpet, MADRAS-600 079. Dated : 10-4-1987. S. KRISHNACHAND CHORDIA, (General Secretary) For RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR JAINOLOGY (REGD.) xiii

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LIST OF DONORS SI. Name and address Amount. No. 1 Shri Meghrajjisa Sakaria, Managing Director, Madras Foils (P) Ltd., 16, Kesavier St., Madras - 600 003. 2,500/ Surendrabhai M. Mehta, Ms. Bapalal & Co. Jewellers, 24, Cathedral Road, Madras-86. 2,500/ Dr. L. Paraschandji, 373, Mint Street, Madras-79. 1,000/ K. Parasmalljisa Lodha, B.A., B.L., 75, Bazar Road, Saidapet, Madras-15. 1,000/ M. Shantilaljisa Jain, 39, Jermiah Road, Vepery, Madras - 7. 1,000/ 6 , J. Deepchandjisa Bokdia, 3, Erulappan St., Madras-79. 1,000/ Manakchandjisa Balecha, Financier. 30, Erulappan St, Madras-79. 1,000/ xiy

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SI No. Name and address Amount. 1,000/ 8 Shri J. Mohanlaljisa Chordia, 54, Bazaar St., Mylapore, Madras-4. 9 , Pannalalji Surana, 27, Kandappa Mudali St., Madras-79. 1,000/ 10 Jain Youth Forum, 3, Boag Road, Madras-17. 1,000/ 11 Shree Suganchand Chordia Jain Memorial Trust, 18, Ramanuja lyer St, Madras-79. 2,500/ 12 Shri K. M. Ballal, 6/11, Anderson Road, Habeebullah Avenue, Madras-6. 1,000/ Surendrakumarjisa Bothra, 28, Ramaswamy St., Madras-17. 1,000/ G. L. Suranaji, 60, NSC Bose Road, Madras-79. 1,000/ , M. Ugamrajji Shantilalji Chordia, 1A, Panruti Road, Ulundurpet, S.A. Dt. 1,000/ ,, H. Sayarchandjisa Nahar, 17, General Muthiah Mudali St, Madras-79. 1,000/ ,, S. M. Vasrajjisa Jain, 17, Veerappan St., Madras-79. 1,000/ 18 ,, Rajkumarjisa Jain, Ms. Saraogi Traders, 85, Godown Street, Madras-1. 1,000/ 19 , Shantilaljisa Dharmichandjisa Choudhry, 177, Bazaar St., Tirupati (A.P.) 1,000/ XV

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Name and address Amount. 20 M/s. Chandan Steel House, 295, Mint St., Madras-3. 1,000) 21 Smt. Ratanbai, Proprietrix, Modern Financiers, 121, Hospital Road, Bangalore-53. 1,000/ Shri Siremaljisa Bhavarlaljisa Mutha, 45, Ranga swamy Temple St., Bangalore-53. 1,000/ Pushalaljisa Sampathrajjisa Jain, Bankers, Sirkali, Thanjavur Dt. 1,000, V. Askaranjisa Bafpa, Financier, 150, Big Bazaar St., Mannargudi, Thanjavur Dt. 1,000/ 25 , Premrajjisa Chordia, 21, Kamala Nagar, Madurai-2. 1,000/ 26 Smt. N. Vimala Devi, Wo Shri Nemichandandjisa Khatod, 154, Bazaar St., Chidambaram, 608001. (S.A. Dt.) 1,000/ 27 M/s. Siremal Hirachand Charitable Trust, 48, General Muthiah Mudali St., Madras-79. 1,000/ 28 Shri Nemichandjisa Ashokkumarjisa Khatod, 154, Bazaar St., Chidambaram-608001. 1,000/ ,, Dungarchandjisa Surana, 8, Palliappan Lane, Madras-79. 1,000/ 30 Shri Ajeyrajjisa Jugrajjisa Mittalaljisa Singhvi, 73, Santhapet, Gudiyattam 632602, N A Dt. 1,000/ xvi

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Sl. No. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 39 .. .. 33 "" "" dw Name and address Mahendrakumarjisa Jain, M/s. Pradeep Commercial Corporation, 56, Sembudoss St., Madras-1. Devrajjisa Bohra, M/s. Bohra Steel, Ekambareswarar Agraharam, Madras-3. Lalchandjisa Gyanchandjisa Marlecha, 30, Mannarswamy Koil St., Royapuram, Madras-13. Nathmaljisa Sugalchandjisa Singhvi, 170, Triplicane High Road, Madras-5. H. Anrajjisa Gadiya, M/s. Pioneer Lotteries, 98, Avvai Shanmugham Salai, Madras-14. Hiralalbhai M. Shah, 96, Narayana Mudali St., Madras-79. Narendrabhai M. Shah, 289, Mowbrays Road, Madras-18. Madanchand Rikhabchand Galada Charity Trust, Madras. G. Suwalaljisa Mahaveerchandjisa Karnawat, 56B, Big Agraharam St., Tindivanam. Amount. xvii 1,000/ 1,000/ 1,000/ 1,000/-- 15,000/ Jatanlaljisa Motichandjisa Daga, 'Daga House', 134, Mint Street, Madras-79 (through M/s. Anupam.) 1,000/ 1,000/ 1,000/ 1,000/ 1,000/--

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SI. Name and address Amount. No. 41 Sha Dharmichandji Dhirajmalji Sethia, 78A, Sannadhi St., Tiruvannamalai, (N A Dt) 2,500/ 42 Sha Anrajji Chordia Trust, No. 5, Ramanuja Iyer Sreet, Sowcarpet, Madras-79. 1,0001 43 M/s. M. Bhandari & Sons, 128, Mint Street, Sowcarpet, Madras-79. 1,000/ 44 Shri J. Dulichandjisa Chordia, 13, Ramanuja Iyer Street, Sowcarpet, Madras-79. 1,000/ 45 Ladmal Bhandari Memorial Trust, No. 34, Nungumbakkam High Road, Madras-34. 1,000/ 46 M/s. S. Badalchand Chordia Trust, 51, Erulappan Street, Sowcarpet, Madras-79. 1,000/ 47 Shri Natwarlalbhai N. Shah, 74, Alagappa Road, Madras-84. 1,000/ xviii

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Page 28 42 72 111 119 205 364 447 Line (Remarks) (Reference) 9 head line head line (Reference) last para 1st line 3 ERRATA Seem to be ARE, 44/190 Pasumpon Muthuramalingam district Kamararajar Distric ARE, 730/190 rock-but Gatadesa 455 (Reference) ARE, 270/190-41 Read Seems to be ARE, 44/1890 Kamarajar district Kamarajar District ARE, 730/1905 rock-cut Gatadosa ARE, 270/1940-41

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ION FO UNDATI OCH FOL E SEARA RJAINC LOGY MH RES KU paramparopagraho jIvAnAma INAM PAYP MADRAS YA SAYAR YARAM arrivee ve pccm |

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ANNA DISTRICT 1. Aiyyampalayam 2. Devattur 3. Mestupatti No. 1 Village Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Taluk Palani District Anna Findspot Above the natural cavern on the hill called Aivarmalai, Dynasty King Date A.D. 7th century characters Language and Script Tamil, Vatteluttu Contents Very much damaged. Mentions the name Srikadan. Reference ARE, 699/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 115.

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 2 Village Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Taluk Palani District Anna Findspot Above the natural cavern on the hill called Aivarmalai Dynasty Pandya King Varaguna II Date 8th regnal year, Saka 792 (870 A.D.) Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Registers a gift of 505 kanam of gold by Santivirakuravar of Kalam, the disciple of Gunavirakkuravadigal, for offerings to the images of Parsvabhasara (Parsvanatha) and of the Yakshis at Tiruvayirai, which he had renovated, and for the feeding of one ascetic. Reference ARE, 705/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 22, Epi. Ind., Vol. XXXII, pp. 335-38.. Remarks This would mean that the images on the Aivarmalai hill were carved much earlier and got renovated in 870 A.D. The old name of Aivarmalai was Tiruvayirai (i e., Ayiraimalai).

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Anna District No. 3 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Palani Anna Above the natural cavern in Aivarmalai Pandya A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu 3 Fragmentary. Mentions the name [pa]rsvabhatara. Records gift of some gold. ARE, 700/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 116. This fragmentary record refers to some year, which may be saka 792 (870 A D.). The same year is also mentioned in another record (ARE, 705/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 22) from the same place, belonging to the time of the Pandya king Varaguna II. SII, Vol. XIV, p. 65, f. n. 3.

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 4 Village Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Taluk Palani District Anna Findspot Below the sixth image near the natural cavern in the Aivarmalai Dynasty (Pandya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Much damaged. Records that the work (of having done the image) was that of a disciple, whose name is lost. ARE, 693/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 109. Reference Remarks The Vatteluttu inscriptions from Aiyyampalayam, Anaimalai, Uttamapalayam, Kilakkuli and Pechchippallam are assigned to the Pandya kings of the 9th century A.D. SII, Vol. XIV, p. 63. Some of the inscriptions have been edited by K. V. Ramesh, and his reading is followed here. See, A. Chakravarti, Jaina literature in Tamil, (ed. K. V. Ramesh), Appendix - I.

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Anna District un No. 5 Village Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Taluk Palani District Anna Findspot Below the eleventh image in the same place Dynasty (Pandya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. States that the image was caused to be made by... Vrichchi Nagan of Kelavam in Venbu(nalu). Reference ARE, 698/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 114. Remarks Venbunalu is the area around Aruppukkojtai in Kamarajar district. (See, Pallimadam inscriptions).

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6 No. 6 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Palani Anna Below the second image near the natural cavern in the hill called Aivarmalai. (Pandya) A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu States that the image was caused to be made by Varadapani of the village Vadapalliaramvicci. ARE, 691/1905, SII, Vol. XIV. No. 107. The village Vadapalli-aramvicci has not been identified. (The reading of the name of the village is doubtful).

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Anna District No. 7 Village Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Taluk Palani District Anna Findspot Below the fourth image near the natural cavern in the Aivarmalai. Dynasty (Pandya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Records that the image was caused to be made by Ajjanandi. Reference ARE, 692/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 108. Remarks Probably, the same Ajjanandi caused to be made another Jaina image in Anaimalai. (See, Anaimalai Inscriptions, ARE, 70/1905) Ajjanandi also figures in the A.D. 9th century lithic records found at Pechchippallam, Kon garpuliyankulam and Karungalakkudi in Madurai district.

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00 8 No. 8 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Palani Anna Below the seventh image in the Aivarmalai (Pandya) A. D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Records that the image was caused to be made by Indrasena. ARE, 694/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 110. Some of the letters in this inscription are very much obliterated.

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Anna District No. 9 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks 2 Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Palani Anna Below the eighth image in Aivarmalai (Pandya) A. D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu 9 Records that the image was caused to be made by Muvendan, a native of Nalkur in Venbu-nadu. ARE, 695/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 111. Several persons of the village Nalkur in Venbu-nadu had also caused to be made Jaina images at Kalugumalai in Chidambaranar district. (See, SII, Vol. V, Nos. 351-356).

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10 No. 10 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Palani Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Anna Below the ninth image in Aivarmalai (Pandya) A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Records that the image was caused to be made by Padamulattan Ari of Tiruvarambam. ARE, 696/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 112. The village Tiruvarambam has not been identified.

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Anna District No. 11 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Palani Anna Below the tenth image in Aivarmalai (Pandya) A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu 11 States that the image was caused to be made by Mallisenapperiyar of Perumadai, belonging to the Virasangha. ARE, 697/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 113. Mallisenapperiyar was one of the monks of the Virasangha established at Tirunagungondai. Perumadai seems to be identical with Perumandur in South Arcot district.

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12 No. 12 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Palani Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Anna Above the natural cavern in Aivarmalai (Pandya) A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Registers a gift of two gold coins (kalanju) by Vattamvadugi of Kuvanancheri for conducting the avipuram service to the god Ayiraimalaide var. ARE, 702/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 118. The presiding deity (Parsvanatha) of the place is called Ayiraimalaide var in this record.

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Anna District No. 13 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Palani Anna Above the natural cavern in the Aivarmalai hill (Pandya) A.D. 9th century characters 13 Tamil, Vatteluttu Records that the image of the god (devar) was caused to be made by Avvanandikkurattiyar, the lady disciple of Pattinikkurattiyar of Perumbattiyur. ARE, 701/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 117. Kuratti is a term commonly used to indicate a nun of the Jaina order. (Bhatari also means a nun). The location of Perumbattiyur is not known.

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14 No. 14 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai) Palani Anna Above the natural cavern in Aivarmalai A.D. 10th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Fragmentary. Seems to record some gift probably to the deity at Tiruvayirai and two Kalam of paddy to feed one ascetic. ARE, 703/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 119. This epigraph is assigned to the 10th century A.D. on palaeographical grounds. SII, Vol. XIV, p. 66, f.n.1.

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Anna District No. 15 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Devattur Palani Anna On a rock to the west of the village (A.D. 10th century characters) Tamil, Vatteluttu 15 Highly damaged and mutilated. Mentions tunga Pallavaraiyar. Seems to refer to a palli (Jaina temple). ARE, 59/1931-32. Vestiges of the Jaina palli have not been reported either from Devattur or nearby villages. This record may also be assigned to the 10th century A.D. on palaeographica. grounds.

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16 No. 16 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Mettupatti (Siddharmalai) Nilakkottai Anna On a rock-cut bed in the hill called Siddharmalai. 2nd-1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Antai Ariyti (a male personal name). ARE, 45a/1908, I. Mahadevan, "Corpus of the Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions" in Seminar on Inscription (ed. R. Nagaswamy), Mettupatti, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, Early South Indian Palaeography, pp. 258-266. As far as the Brahmi inscriptions in Tamilnadu are concerned, the readings of I. Mahadevan are followed in this work. The label inscription may be taken to mean that it was the bed of Antai Ariti, or it was caused to be made by Antai Ariti.

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Anna District 17 No. 17 Village Mattupatti (Siddharmalai) Taluk Nilakkottai District Apna Findspot On a 'rock-cut bed in the saine hill Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Language and Script Tamil, Brahmi Contents Antai Iravatan (a male personal name). Reference ARE, 45-b/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Megsupatti, No. 2, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266. Remarks The cavern in the Siddharmalai hill contains two rows of five stone-beds, cach with a pillow loft. Inscriptions are engraved at the head-side of the beds. Probably, Antai Iravatan caused to be made this rock-cut bed.

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18 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 18 Village Mejtupatri (Siddharmalai) Taluk Nilakkottai District Apna Findspot On a rock-cut bed in the same hill Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Antai Vieuvan (of) Madirai. Reference ARE, 45-c/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mejgupatti, No. 3, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266. Remarks Antai visuvan of Madurai caused to be made this stone-bed. Or, it was the bed of Antai vieuyan. Antai means "Holy Father'. Madurai is mentioned as Madirai in this epigraph.

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Anna District No. 19 Village Mejtupatti (Siddharmalai) Taluk Nilakkottai District Anna Findspot On a rock-cut bed in the same hill Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents The gift of Antai Centa(n). Reference ARE, 45-d/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mejtupatti, No. 4, .T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266.. Remarks The gift was very likely the stone-bed on which the label is engraved. Centan may be read as Sendan.

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 20 Village Mattupatti (Siddharmalai) Taluk Nilakkottai District Apna Findspot On a rock-cut bed in the same hill. Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Cantantai Cantan (a male personal name). Reference ARE, 45-e/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Megsupatti, No. 5, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266. Remarks The word Cantantai should have been formed of the words cantan and tantai (father) Ibid., p. 265.

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Anna District No. 21 Village Mejtupatti (Siddharmalai) Taluk Nilakkottai District Anna Findspot On a rock-cut bed in the same hill Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Antai (of) Patinur. Reference ARE, 45-f/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mattupatti No. 6, T.V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266. Remarks The rock-cut bed was caused to be made by Antai of Patinur. Or, it was the bed of Antai of Patinur. The village Patinur remains unidentified.

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 22 Village Megsupatti (Siddharmalai) Taluk Nilakkottai District Anna Findspot On a rock-cut bed in the same hill Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Language and Script Tamil, Brahmi Contents (The) gift made by Kuvira Antai. Reference ARE, 45-g/1908. I, Mahadevan, op. cit., Mettupatti, No. 7, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266. Remarks Here also, the gift refers to the stone-bed on which the label is inscribed. Kuvira. Antai finds place in the next record also.

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Anna District No. 23 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Mettupatti (Siddharmalai) Nilakkottai Anna On a rock-cut bed in the same hill 2nd-1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi 23 (The) gift of Kuvira Antai, (a) Vel. ARE, 45-h/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mettupatti, No. 8, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266. Kuvira Antai seems to be a member of the vel (velir) clan. Kuvira may be the corrupt form of Kubera.

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 24 Village Mestupatti (siddharmalai) Nilakkottai Taluk District Anna Findspot On a rock-cut bed in the same hill Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Language and Script Tamil, Brahmi Contents (The) gift of (the people of) Titi-il. Reference ARE, 45-j/1908, 1. Mahadevan, op. cit., Meltupatji, No. 9, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266. Remarks Titiyil is very likely the modern Tidiyan, a village near Dindigul in Apna district (T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 264).

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CHENGALPATTU DISTRICT 1. Anandamangalam 2. Arasankalani 3. Kanchipuram 4. Karuppankungu 5. Kirappakkam 6. Mangadu 7. Puduppattu 8. Saravananpedu 9. Siruvakkam 10. Tiruppandiyur 11. Tirupparuttikkungu 2

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 25 Village Anandamangalam Taluk Madurantakam District Chengalpattu Findspot On a rock near the Jaina images about a mile from the village Dynasty Chola King Parantaka I Date 35th regnal year (A.D. 942) Tamil Language and Script Contents Registers a gift of five kalanju of gold for feeding one devotee in Jinagiripalli by Vardhamanapperiyadigal, a disciple of Vinaiyabhasura Kuravaaigal. Reference ARE, 430/1922-23. Remarks The rock contains relief-sculptures of Tirthankaras and their attendents, of which the image of Anantanatha Tirtharkara is very important. The village seems to have been named after Anantanatha Tirthankara. Jinagiripalli is the name of the Jain temple in the village.

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Chengalpattu District 27 No. 26 Village Arasankalani Taluk Saidapet Chengalpattu District Findspot On a slab called Sanyasikovil to the south of the tank Dynasty King Date A.D. 16th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary and damaged. Seems to record a grant of land as pallichchandam to the Chitrame liperumpalli of the ..., nayakarvilagam in Puliyurkottam. On the back side is an ensemble of designs forming the emblem of the guild called Chitrameli. Reference ARE, 186/1961-62. Remarks Evidently, the Jain temple was built by the Chitrameli group, which was one of the important merchant guilds in medieval times.

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 27 Village Kanchipuram Taluk Kanchipuram District Chengalpattu Findspot On a slab lying in the lumber room in the second prakara of the Kamakshi amman temple Dynasty Pallava King Narasingapottaraiyar (Narasimha II) 18th regnal year (708-709 A.D.) (A D. 9th century characters) Date Tamil Language and Script Contents Damaged. States that queen Lokamahadevi was affected by a Brahmarakshasa, and mentions an acharya of Mahilampalli, the Agivar-koil, and a certain Anukkapallavan. In characters of about the 9th century A.D. Reference ARE, 360/1954-55. Remarks It seem to register a gift of land to the temple of Arhat (arivir) Mahilampalli. The acharya of the Ajivaka-darsana probably had some part in alleviating the queen's affliction from the Brahmarakshasa. The record, in all probablity, seems to be a later copy of an earlier record belonging to the Pallava king Narasimhavarman II. ARE, 1954-55, p. 16.

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Chengalpattu District No. 28 Village Karupparkungu (near Opambakkam) Taluk Madurantakam District Chengalpattu Findspot To the right of the niche containing Paravanatha image on a rock. Dynasty King Date A.D. 8th century characters Tamil and Grantha Language and Script Contents Records that Vasudeva Siddhanta Bhatara who was the founder of the 'twenty-four', caused the shrine to be made. Reference R. Champakalakshmi, "An unnoticed Jaina cavern near Madurantakam", Journal of the Madras University, XLI, 1969, p. 112. Remarks The 'twenty four' referred to in this inscription may indicate a committee of twentyfour men formed for religious and social purposes. At Karuppankungu, there are sculptures representing Adinatha and Mahavira carved on the face of the rock, and an image of Parsvanatha in a shrine-like niche cut on a separate boulder. Ibid., pp. 111-114.

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 29 Village Kirappakkam Taluk Chengalpattu District Chengalpattu Findspot On a slab set up in a field near the tank Dynasty King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Grantha Language and Script Contents Damaged. Registers the construction of the De savallabha Jinalaya to the north of Kiraippakkam by Amaramudalguru, the disciple of Mahaviraguru of the YapaniyaSangha and the Kumili-gana, who also made provision for feeding the members of the Sargha. Reference ARE, 22/1934-35 Remarks The Jinalaya built by Amaramudalguru at Kiraippakkam does not exist now.

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Chengalpat tu District No 30 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Mangadu Saidapet 31 Chengalpattu On two stones built into the floor of the courtyard in the Kamakshiamman temple. Pandya Sundarapandya I 5th regnal year (1256 A.D.) Tamil The king is called Tribhuvanachakravarti Konerinmaikondan 'who was pleased to take every country'. Records gift of land as pallichchandam to a palli whose name is not quiet distinct. ARE, 358/1908 The existence of a Jaina temple either at Mangadu or nearby is known from this record. But at present, no jain traces are found in the vicinity of the village.

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 31 Village Puduppattu Taluk Tiruvalsur District Chengalpattu Findspot On a pillar in the mandapa of the Jain temple. Dynasty Chola King Parakesarivarman Date Tamil Language and Script Contents Damaged and fragmentary ARE, 79/1947-48 Reference Remarks The details of the record are not known. The Parakasarivarman of this inscription remains unidentified.

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Chengalpattu District 33 No. 32 Village Saravananpedu Taluk Ponneri District Chengalpattu Findspot On the ceiling of the mandapa in front of the Parevanatha shrine. Dynasty King Date A. D. 12th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents This inscription is very much damaged and only a few words like "Vrichchika', 'Sabhaiyom' etc., can be read. Reference A. Ekambaranathan, "The Parsvanatha temple at Saravananpelu", Nallaram, March, 1976, p. 19. Remarks The Jain temple in the village, enshrining an image of Parsvanatha, is in ruined condition. Stone slabs containing fragmentary inscription are placed disorderly on the ceiling of the mandapa. Ibid., pp. 17-19.

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34 No. 33 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 34 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Siruvakkam Kanchipuram Chengalpattu Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On a slab lying on the mound of the ruined temple. --- In early characters Tamil Mutilated. Records a gift of land to a Jaina temple called Sirukaranapperumpalli at Sirupakkam ARE, 64/1923. Tiruppandiyur Tiruvallur Chengalpattu On a stone in the nadu street of the village. Chola Parakesarivarman (Parantaka I)

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Chengalpattu District Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 35 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference 3rd regnal year (910 A.D.) Tamil 35 States that the uravar of Pangiyur received an endowment in gold made by Vimadigal, son of Tevadibhattan, a Palli udaiyan (Jaina) of the village and another gift for the upkeep of the tank in the village. ARE, 84/1947-48. On palaeographical grounds, the record may be assigned to Parakesarivarman Parantaka I. ARE, 1947-48, p. 2. The original name of the village was Pangiyur, Tiruppandiyur Tiruvallur Chengalpattu On a stone in another street of the village. Chola Rajakasarivarman A.D. 10th century characters Tamil Damaged. Seems to register an endowment in gold made by Sattan Kandan Padamalagan of Pangiyur Kil-kottai. ARE, 85/1947-48.

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36 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 36 Village Tiruppandiyur Taluk Tiruvallur District Chengalpattu On a stone on the tank bund Findspot Dynasty King Date In late characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Refers to the digging of the tank. ARE, 86/1947-48. Reference Remarks Probably, the old tank in the village for which a Jain had made some gifts (ARE, 84/1947-48), got enlarged in later times. No. 37 Village Taluk District Tirupparuttikkuncu Kanchipuram Chengalpattu On a beam in the antarala of the Trailokyanatha temple. Findspot Chola Dynasty King Kulottungachola I Date 46th regnal year (1116 A.D.)

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Chengalpattu District Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Tamil 37 Begins with the words puka! su Inta punari... etc. Registers sale of land, free of taxes, by the assembly of Kaitaduppur alias Hastivarana Chaturvedimangalam to the rishisamudayattar (group of monks) at Tirupparuttikkungu, for digging a channel. ARE, 382/1928-29. Tirupparuttikkungu, otherwise known Jinakanchi, is one of the most important Jaina centres in Tamilnadu. The Trailokyanatha temple (Trikutabasti) of this place at present exhibits architectural features of the Chola times, however, it had its origin in the Pallava period, as is evident from the copper plates discovered at Pallankoil in Thanjavur district. (See, Pallankoil copper plates). It had been renovated and repaired in subsequent periods. The temple received the patronage of the Pallavas, Cholas and Vijayanagar kings. as

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38 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 38 Village Tirupparuttikkungu Taluk Kanchipuram District Chengalpattu Findspot On the walls of the mandapa in front of the central shrine in the same temple. Dynasty Chola King Vikramachola Date 13th regnal year (1131 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Beginnings of the lines built in, and intercepted by pillars in the middle. Contains a portion of the historical introduction pumalai midaintu etc. Registers sale of land, free of taxes, to the Jaina temple by the assembly of Vilasar alias KuvalaiyatiladaChaturvedimangalam in Virpadu-nadu, a subdivision of Ka liyur-kottam, which was a district in Jayangondasola-mandalam. Reference ARE, 381-A/1928-29.

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Chengalpattu District No. 39 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks 39 Tirupparuttikkungu Kanchipuram Chengalpattu On the walls of the mandapa infront of the central shrine in the same temple. Chola Vikramachola 17th regnal year (1135 A.D.) Tamil Engraved in continuation of the previous inscription. (381-A 1928-29). Records another sale of land in Tirupparuttikkungu, a pallichchandam in Virupedu-nadu, to one Arambanandi. ARE, 381-B/1928-29. This and the previous record are registered as one inscription (No. 381/1928-29) in the Annual Report on Epigraphy.

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40 No. 40 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Tirupparuttikkungu Kanchipuram Chengalpattu On the base of the verandah infront of the central shrine in the Jain temple. Chola Kulottungachola III 21st regnal year (1199 A.D.) Tamil Registers a gift of 20 veli of land as pallichchandam in the village Ambai in Eyirkottam at the instance of Mandiyankilan Kulottungachoja Kaduvetti for the merit of his preceptor Chandrakirtidevar and for the bhataras of Tirupparuttikkungu. ARE, 43/1890, SII, Vol. IV, No. 366, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I. pt. I, No. 461. The village Ambai is the same as Ambi, situated to the west of Kanchipuram.

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Chengalpajtu District No. 41 Village Tirupparuttikkungu Taluk Kanchipuram District Chengalpattu Findspot On the beams of the mandapa infront of the central shrine in the Trailokyanatha temple. Dynasty Chola King Kulottungachola III Date 22nd regnal year (1200 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents It is a copy of an inscription belonging to the 13th year of Tribhuvanachakravarti Vikramachola, re-engraved when the mandapa was rebuilt. Stones misplaced. Registers a sale of land, free of taxes, to the god Tirupparuttikkunlalvar for 25 Kalanju. Mentions the coin Madhurontakan-madai. Reference ARE, 99/1923.

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 42 Village Tirupparuttikkungu Taluk Kanchipuram District Chengalpattu Findspot On the west wall of the Santimandapa in the Jain temple. District Chola King Rajarajadeva III Date 18th regnal year (1234 A.D) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that some lands in the village Kapnippakkam in Virpedunadu, a subdivision of Kaliyurkottam, which was lying te for a long time, was granted as palsichchandam to the deity, Sempozkunga var, of Tirupparuttikkungu, by Tyagasamudrapatsaiyar alias Vimarasar. Reference ARE, 44/190, SII, Vol. IV, No. 367. Remarks It seems that the lands which were lying fallow for a long time had been brought under cultivation and granted to the temple,

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Chengalpattu District No. 43 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Tirupparuttikkungu Kanchipuram Chengalpattu On the north wall of the store room in the Jain temple. Chola Rajarajadeva III 20th regnal year (1236 A.D.) 43 Tamil Records that Vimavadugan who used to provide beatle-nut to one Tyagasamudra pattaiyar, gifted some paddy for food offerings during the early morning service to the deity. He is also said to have built a mandapa in the temple. ARE, 40/1890, SII, Vol. IV, No. 363.

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 44 Village Tirupparuttikkungu Taluk Kanchipuram District Chengalpattu Findspot On the eastern side of the compound wall of the Trailokyanatha temple. Dynasty Pallava King Alagiya Pallavan Date (1243-1279 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents It states that the wall on which the record is engraved was built by Alagiyapallavan. (From the palaeography, it may be assigned to the 13th century A.D. Since the surname Alagiya Pallavan was borne by Kopperunjinga, it is evident that this wall must have been raised during his period. Reference ARE, 383/1928-29, SII, Vol. XII, No. 259,

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Chengalpattu District No. 45 Village Tirupparuttikkunju Taluk Kanchipuram District Chengalpattu Findspot On the northern side of the altar built round the Kura tree. Dynasty Pallava King (Kopperunjinga) (1243-1279 A.D.) Date A.D. 13th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the construction of the altar in stone to the west of the place where the three sages reside (i.e., the Trailokyanatha temple) at Tirupparuttikkungu near Karchi, by a Pallava chief. (This chief may be identified with Kopperunjinga who constructed the compound wall of the temple). Reference SII., Vol. XII, p. 164, f. n. 1.

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46 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No 46 Village Tirupparuttikkunru Taluk Kanchipuram District Chengalpattu Findspot On a broken slab paved into the floor behind the Vardhamana shrine Dynasty King Date Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary Records the digging of a well at Kachchi (Kanchipuram) by a merchant named Senkatirselvan alias Palla vamuvendavelan. Reference T. N. Ramachandran, Tirupparuttikkunsam and its temples, p. 59.

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Chengalpattu District $2 No. 47 Village Tirupparuttikkungu Taluk Kanchipuram District Chengalpattu Findspot On the base of the north wall of the store room in the Jain temple Dynasty Vijayanagar King Bukka II Date (1362 A.D.) Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Language and Script Contents Records that the village of Mahandra mangalam in the division of Mavandur was granted to the temple by the minister Irugappa, the son of general Vaicaya. The gift was made for the merit of the king Bukkaraya, the son of Harihara. Reference ARE, 41/1890, pp. 115-116. Epi. Ind., Vol. VII, Remarks Mavandur may be identified with Mamandur. a village six miles to the south of Chengalpattu town

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48 No. 48 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Tirupparuttikkungu Kanchipuram Chengalpattu On the roof of the mandapa infront of the shrine in the Jain temple. Vijayanagar (Bukka II) (1387-88 A.D.) Tamil Records that the mandapa was built by the minister Irugappa at the instance of his preceptor Pushpasena. ARE. 42/1890, Epi. Ind., Vol. VII, p. 116.

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Chengalpattu District No. 49 Village Tirupparuttikkunru Taluk Kanchipuram District Chengalpattu Findspot On the base of the verandah infront of the Trailokyanatha Jaina temple. Dynasty Vijayanagar King Krishnadeva Date Saka 1439 (1517 A.D.) Kannada, Tamil and Grantha Language * and Script Contents Records an exchange of the village Kotugai belonging to the Jaina temple at Tirupparuttikkunru inlieu of another village, Uvachcheri, for the benefit of the residents of Musiqupakkam alias Tirumalaidevi agrahara. Reference ARE, 188/1901, SII, Vol. VII, No. 398, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 458.

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SO Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 50 Village Tirupparuttikkungu Taluk Kanchipuram District Chengalpattu Findspot To the right of the entrance into the Jaina temple. Dynasty Vijayanagar King Krishnadeva Date Saka 1440 (1518 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records a sale of land and house site by Anantaviryamamuni, the gurukkal of the Trailokyanatha temple at Tirupparuttikkunju and Pojkunjankilar devadidevar, the tdnattar of the temple to one Ariyaraputrar (Hariharaputra) gurukkal, the son of Sevagapperumal of Kanchipuram. Besides the above mentioned persons, Pushpasenamuni of Karantai and KalloyaChandran of Kannamular are said to be the signatories of the record. Reference ARE, 45/1890, SII, Vol. IV, No. 368.

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Chengalpattu District No. 51 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Tirupparuttikkungu Kanchipuram Chengalpattu On a stone built into the platform in the Trailokyanatha temple. Tamil 51 It is a verse in praise of the kura tree, the sthalavriksha of the temple. It states that the tree neither grows tall nor becomes short, protects the sceptre of the king, represents dharma and stands infront of the eternal abode of the three munis, i.e., Trailokyanatha. ARE, 189/1901, SII, Vol. VII, No. 399.

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52 No. 52 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Tirupparuttikkungu Kanchipuram Chengalpattu On the southern side of the gopura of the Jaina temple. Tamil, Grantha Registers the grant of 2000 kuli of land as Sarvamanya for purposes of worship to the god Trailokyanatha at Jina Kanchi. The lands were situated at Pagkalamedupallam, Panchampattadai, Pallappattai, Sigapam, Ambaiyarkundu, Koilampatti, Sihappukkundu and Valankoil. ARE, 97/1923, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 459. It is in this record Tirupparuttikkungu bears the name Jina-kanchi.

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Chengalpattu District No. 53 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Tirupparuttikkungu 53 Kanchipuram Chengalpattu On the lintel of the gopura, right of entrance, of the Trailokyanatha temple. Tamil, Grantha Records the construction of the gopura by the sage Sri Pushpasena Vamanacharya, the disciple of Mallisena Vamanasuri. The former had the surname Paravadimalla. ARE, 98/1923.

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54 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 54 Village Tirupparuttikkungu Taluk Ka nchipuram District Chengalpattu Findspot Above the balipithas of Vamanacharya and Mallisenacharya in the Trailokyanatha temple. Dynasty King Date Tamil, Grantha Language and Script Contents Records salutation to Vamanacharya and Mallisenamuni. Reference ARE, 100/1923. Remarks Vamanacharya was the disciple of Mallisena Vamanasuri (ARE, 98/1923)

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CHIDAMBARANAR DISTRICT 1. Kalugumalai 2. Perungulam 3. Virasikhamani No. 55 Village Kalugumalai Taluk Kovilpajsi District Chidambaranar Findspot In the first section of the rock, below the images of Tirthankaras. Dynasty King Date A, D. 8th century characters

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56 Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 56 Village Contents Reference Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Tamil, Vatteluttu Fragmentary. Mentions Sri Dhadi Tirunechchugam. Kalugumalai of ARE, 20/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 309. The Vatteluttu inscriptions from Kalugumalai have been generally ascribed to the 8th century A.D. But K. V. Ramesh assigns them to the 10th-11th centuries A.D. See, A. Chakravarti, Jaina Literature in Tamil (ed. K. V. Ramesh), Appendix I. [N. B. The following inscriptions (No. 56 to 150) from Kalugumalai are found in the same place. (ie., Findspot). Dynasty, King, Date, Language and Script are also the same as above. Hence, the details are omitted. ] Records that this image was caused to be made by Sattan of Pereyigkudi, the disciple of Sri Gunasahara bhatara. ARE, 21/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 310

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Chidambaranar District No. 57 Village Contents Reference No. 58 Village Contents Reference No. 59 Village Contents Reference Remarks 8 57 Kalugumalai Mentions that Sendanseri caused this image to be made for the merit of Purayan Sendan of this village. ARE, 22/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 311. Kalugumalai The inscription is completely effaced and nothing can be read. ARE, 23/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 312. Kalugumalai Records that the image was caused to be made by Pushpanandi (Putpasandi) born of Padamulattan of Tirukkottaru. ARE, 24/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 313. as Tirukkottagu (Kottagu) is the same Nagercoil in Kanyakumari district, where there was a Jaina temple, later converted into a Hindu shrine.

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58 No. 60 Village Contents Reference No. 61 Village Contents Reference No. 62 Village Contents Reference Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Kalugumalai Damaged at the end. States that Sri Nandi the senior disciple of Sri Vardhamana of Tirumalaikkulam (caused the sacred image to be made). ARE, 25/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 314. Kalugumalai Fragmentary. Records that the image was caused to be made by . . . Periyadigal. ARE, 26/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 315. Kalugumalai Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Santieenapperiyar, disciple of Uttanandikuravadiga] Tirukkottaru. ARE, 27/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 316. the of

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Chidambaranar District 59 No. 63 Village Kalugumalai Contents States that the sacred image was caused to be made by Kanagavira-adigal, the disciple of Baladevakkuravadigal of Tirunagungondai. Reference ARE, 28/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 317. Remarks Tirunagungondai, with its Appannainatha temple, is a famous Jaina centre in South Arcot district. The inscription reveals the contact between Kalugumalai and Tirunasungondai as early as the 8th century A.D. No. 64 Village Kalugumalai Contents States that Yakkankali, a native of Kufanli in Venbunalu, caused the sacred image to be made. Reference ARE, 29/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 318. Remarks Kurandi, a village in Venbunalu (Aruppukkottai taluk), seems to be identical with Pallimadam in Kamarajar district (See, Pallimadam inscriptions).

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Village Kalugumalai Contents States that the image was caused to be made by Pichchai Kuratti (nun) of the village Sirupolai in luaikkalanadu. Reference ARE, 30/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 319. No. 66 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Sri ... Kurattiy@r, the lady disciple of Sri Kapikurattiyar (nun) of Palayigai. Reference ARE, 31/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 320. No. 67 Village Kalugumalai Contents Mentions that the Bhattarigal of Tiruchcharanam, the lady disciple of the Kurattiyar (nun) of Milalur, caused the image to be made. Reference ARE, 32/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 321.

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Chidambaranar District Remarks Tiruchcharanattumalai, otherwise known as Chitaral, in Kanyakumari district, has three rock-cut shrines containing Jaina images, besides several sculptures of the Tirtharkaras carved on the overhanging surface of the rock. (See, Chitaral inscriptions) No. 68 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Sri Vijayakkurattiyar, the disciple of Tachchan-Sangakkurattigal of Venbaikkuli, for the merit of Sendan Satti. Reference ARE, 33/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 322. No. 69 Village Kalugumalai Contents Beginning and end lost. States that (the image was) caused to be made by Sri Vijayakkurattiyar, the disciple of ........ Sangakkurattiyas, for the merit of Sendan Satti. Reference ARE, 34/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 323. Remarks The persons referred to in this record and the previous one (ARE, 33/1894) are identical.

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62 No. 70 Village Contents Reference No. 71 Village Contents Reference No. 72 Village Contents Reference Kalugumalai States that the image was caused to be made by Tiruchcharanattuk-Kurattigal for the merit of Sadaiyankoggi of Kotturnadu. ARE, 35/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 324. Kalugumalai Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Some letters missing in the first portion. Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Sigubhattara, the disciple of ...... tori-bhattara of Kurandi. ARE, 36/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 325. Kalugumalai States that the image was caused to be made by Tiruchcharanattu-kurattigal for the merit of Kuttankaman Perumbarrur in Kotturnadu. of ARE, 37/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 326.

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Chidambarandr District 63 No. 73 Village Kalugumalai Contents Some letters missing in the middle part. Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by ... Karan ... nidhi, for the merit of Iyankutti of Tirunechchugam. Reference ARE, 38/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 327. Remarks Tirunechchuram was the original name of Kalugumalai. No. 74 Village Kalugumalai Contents Mentions that the image was caused to be made by Magampulli of Tirunechchugam. It also states that the required ghee for lighting a lamp infront of the image was supplied by Kiluran Rottan (or Rottan of Kilur). Reference ARE, 39/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 328.

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 75 Village Kalugumalai Contents Damaged at the end. States that Sattambaladevan of Tirunechchujam caused the image to be made. Reference ARE, 40/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 329. No. 76 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the image was caused to be made by Sattanvelan of Tirunachchugam. Reference ARE, 41/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 330. No. 77 Village Kalugumalai Contents Mentions that Ka mansijunambi, a native of Kalakkuli, caused the image to be made. Reference ARE, 42/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 331. Remarks The village Kalakkuli may be identified with Kalakkadu in Nanguneri taluk of Nellai Kattabomman district.

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Chidambarandr District 65 No. 78 Village Kalugumalai Contents Mentions that the image was caused to be made by Kavidi of Kujanpi. Reference ARE, 43/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 332. No. 79 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the image was caused to be made by Santisena-atigal, the disciple of Vimalachandra Kuravaaigal of Tirukkottafu. Reference ARE, 44/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 333. No. 80 Village Kalugumalai Contents Fragmentary. Mentions a lady disciple (whose name is lost) of Sri Gunasagarabhatarar. Reference ARE, 45/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 334. Remarks As in the case of many other inscriptions, it may also be connected with the founding of an image.

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66 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 81 Village Kalugumalai Contents It records that the sacred image was caused to be made by a certain Nilankurakkunayinan Kovanmithan of Venbunadu. Reference ARE, 46/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 335. No. 82 Village Kalugumalai Contents States that his wife Sentaikuratti caused the image to be made. Reference ARE, 47/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 336. Remarks As this record is found next to the previous one (ARE, 46/1894), it seems that sentarkuratti was the wife of Nilankurakkunayinan Kovanmitban. No. 83 Village Kalugumalai Contents States that the sacred image was caused to be made by Majansattan of Tirunechchufam, for the merit of Sattansandi. Reference ARE, 48/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 337.

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Chidambaranar District No. 84 Village Kalugumalai Contents Fragmentary. Seems to record that Aiyankal alias Dhayapalan of Kalakkudi (caused to be made the image). Reference ARE, 49/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 338. No. 85 Village Kalugumalai Contents States that the image was caused to be made by Valavar Sattan Magattan of Karunilakkulinalu. Reference ARE, 50/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 339. No. 86 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the image was caused to be made by a certain Menachchinattiya-Sattan. Reference ARE, 51/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 340.

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68 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 87 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Adittabhatara, the disciple of Kanakanandibhataraka. Reference ARE, 52/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 341. No. 88 Village Kalugumalai Contents It mentions the name of one Korrankudiyan-Kuliyankosti of Perunechchuram. (who probably caused to be made the image.) Reference ARE, 53/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 342. Remarks It may also be read as Kongi, a native (Kudiyan) of Korrankudi in Perunachchuram. No. 89 Village Kalugumalai Contents Fragmentary. Records that the image was caused to be made by a certain ... sara ... n, the stone-mason (tachchan) of .......... vechchanadu.

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Chidambarandr District 69 Reference ARE, 54/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 343. Remarks The last portion of this inscription, obliterated very much, seems to record a gift of pon, probably for lighting two lamps before the image. No. 90 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the image was caused to be made by Mayindan Velan of Tirunachchugam. Reference ARE, 55/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 344. No. 91 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Kanakanandipperiyar, the disciple of Tirthabhatara of Kugandi. Reference ARE, 56/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 345.

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70 No. 92 Village Contents Reference Remarks No. 93 Village Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Kalugumalai Fragmentary. Mentions that one Kaliyanaraivan [ Kaliyanaraiyan (?)] of Karaikudi........ ARE, 57/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 346. The image should have been caused to be made by the person referred to in the inscription. Kalugumalai States that Sattandevan of Pereyigkudi, the disciple of Sri Gunasikudara, caused to be made the image. ARE, 58/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 347. The correct reading of the name of the monk should be Sri Gunasribhatara.

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Chidambaranar District No. 94 Village Kalugumalai Contents Mentions that Narananmuvan of Tirunechchugam caused to be made the image. Reference ARE, 59/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 348. No. 95 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Tangi of Sendankuli, a hamlet of Tirunechchuram. Reference ARE, 60/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 349. No. 96 Village Kalugumalai Contents Mentions that Kutimanappi of Igakur caused to be made the image. Reference ARE, 61/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 350.

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72 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 97 Village Kalugumalai Contents It records that Maninangai, the daughter of Arutunaiyar, who was a native of Nalkurkusi, caused to be made the image. Reference ARE, 62/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 351. Remarks Nalkurkudi was a village situated in Venbunadu (ARE, 65/1894). Venbunalu seems to be the area around Aruppukkottai in Pasumpon Muthuramalingam district. No. 98 Village Kalugumalai Contents It states that Mappi, the daughter of Arutunai, who was a native of Nalkurkudi, caused to be made the image. Reference ARE, 63/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 352. Remarks The previous record (ARE, 62/1894) refers to another daughter (Maninangai) of Arutunai, a native of Nalkurkudi.

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Chidambarandr District No. 99 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that Tottantarukki of the village Nalkur caused to be made the image. Reference ARE, 64/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 353. No. 100 Village Kalugumalai Contents Mentions that the image was caused to be made by Porullunai of Nalkurkuli in Venbunalu. Reference ARE, 65/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 354. Remarks Poruttunai of this record seems to be a member of the family of Aruttunai who is referred to in two of the inscriptions from Kalugumalai (ARE, 62, 63/1894). No. 101 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Nattigabhatarar, the (lady) disciple of the Kurattiga! (nun) of Nalkur. 10

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74 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Reference ARE, 66/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 355. Remarks The name of the lady disciple should be Naftigabhatari and not Nattigabhatarar as said in the present record. Bhatari is the term generally used to indicate a female disciple or nun. No. 102 Village Kalugumalai Contents Registers the name of Nalkurkurattigal, the (lady) disciple of Amalanemi-bhatara of Nalkur. Reference ARE, 67/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 356. Remarks It may also be read as the lady disciples (manakkigal) of Amalanemi-bhatara, who were also the lady teachers (Kurattigal) of Nalkur. A. Chakravarti, op. cit., Appendix, 1, p. 185, No. 62. No. 103 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the stone pillar was erected by Sundaran, the stone-mason of Nechchuganadu, at the instance of the bhatta who was conducting regular worship (tiruppani) to the deity Araimalai Alvar at Tirunachchufam.

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Chidambaranar District Reference Remarks No. 104 Village Contents Reference No. 105 Village Contents Reference 75 ARE, 68/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 357. The presiding Jaina deity at Kalugumalai is referred to in the epigraph as Araimalai Alvar. The hillock of this place bore the name Araimalai. Kalugumalai Mentions that Padamulattan Aranganmagan of Kottagu caused the sacred image to be made. ARE, 69/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 358. Kalugumalai Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Purnachandran, the disciple of Kanakanandi-bhatara of Kugandi. ARE, 70/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 359.

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76 No. 106 Village Contents Reference No. 107 Village Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Kalugumalai Mentions that the sacred image was caused to be made by Kapni of Alattur, a village in Kilkkajak-kuggam. ARE, 71/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 360. Kalugumalai Records some endowment made for the daily abhiseka and offerings to the deity, Aramalai Alvar, by Silankavidiyan-Tennavan. Besides, it also records the erection of a pillar in the same place by Perungovelan of Tirunechchugam. ARE, 72/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 361. The same name of the deity (Araimalai Alvar) also occurs in another epigraph. (ARE. 68/1894).

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Chidambarandr District No. 108 Village Kalugumalai Contents States that the work (of having made the image) was that of Pungulinajtukkon (or kon of Pungulinadu) for the merit of one Kutti of Peruvalam. Reference ARE, 73/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 362. No. 109 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Sigupolakkatti Nakkan of Idaikkulanadu. Reference ARE, 74/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 363. No. 110 Village Kalugumalai Contents Fragmentary. Records that the work (of having made the image) was that of Perungaai ... devar Kuravadigal's disciple. Reference ARE, 75/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 364.

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78 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 111 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the image was caused to be made by Sendankurusur for the merit of Tuppankannan. Reference ARE, 76/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 365. Remarks The name of the donor may also be read as Sendan of Kugusur (Kujuhur). No. 112 Village Kalugumalai Contents States that the work (of having made the image) was that of Nakkankari for the merit of Tuppansendan of this village. Reference ARE, 77/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 366. Remarks Tuppankanpan of the previous record (ARE, 76/1894) and Tuppansendan of this inscription seem to be members of one and the same family.

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Chidambaranar District No. 113 Village Kalugumalai Contents Fragmentary. Mentions the name of one Nattankuratti of Pallimai galam, a village in Idaikkulanadu. Reference ARE, 78/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 367. No. 114 Village Kalugumalai Contents Fragmentary. Mentions that the work (of having done the image) was that of Kutti... van of Tirunechchusam. Reference ARE, 79/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 368. No. 115 Village Kalugumalai Contents States that the sacred image was caused to be made by the Kurattigal (lady teachers) of Ilanechchufam, who were the disciples of Tirthabhatara. Reference ARE, 80/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 369.

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80 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 116 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the image was caused to be made by Enadi Kuttana: Satti, the disciple of the Kurattigal (lady teacher) of Tirumalai. Reference ARE, 81/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 370. No. 117 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the work of having made the image) was that of Arattanamikurattigal (Arishtanemikurattigal), the lady disciple of Mammaikurattigal.: Reference ARE, 82/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 371. No. 118 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the image was caused to be made by the Kurattigal of Tirupparutti, the lady disciples of Sri Pattini-bhatara. Reference ARE, 83/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 372. Remarks Tirupparutti is the shortened form Tirupparuttikkuncu (Jina-Kanchi). o

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Chidambarandr District No. 119 Village Kalugumalai Contents Fragmentary. Mentions Sungan .... of Perunkottur, a village in Kotturnalu. Reference ARE, 84/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 373. No. 120 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Naharkalan of Kupandi in Venbi-nadu. Reference ARE, 85/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 374. No. 121 Village Kalugumalai Contents States that the sacred image was caused to be made by Vilankaneri alias Nannankorran of Ananur, a village in Mungulinalu. Reference ARE, 86/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 375. 11

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82 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 122 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the image was caused to be made by Kuttinili of Tirunechchugam. Reference ARE, 87/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 376. No. 123 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the official Puravuvarinayakan (whose name is not mentioned) of Sirxeyirkudi, a village in Mungudynadu, caused the image to be made for the merit of Nannur. Reference ARE, 88/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 377. No. 124 Village Kalugumalai Contents Fragmentary. Mentions one VilakkanVangai .... ram, the daughter of TotyanaiVilakkan, who was the son of Melichchikon. Reference ARE, 89/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 378.

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Chidambaranar District 83 No. 125 Village Kalugumalai Contents It records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Kannansattan, the son of Sattankappan, who is said to be the son of a kon (whose name is not mentioned) of Tirunechchusam. Reference ARE, 90/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 379. No. 126 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the work (of having made the image) was that of Pavanandi-bhatara (Bhavanandi - bhatara), the disciple of Padikkamanabhatara. Reference ARE, 91/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 380 No. 127 Village Kalugumalai Contents States that this work (of having done the image) was that of Sattan of Kugandi, a village in Venbinalu. Reference ARE, 92/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 381.

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84 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 128 Village Kalugumalai Contents Damaged in the middle. Mentions the name of one Kodiyankanpa ... Korfankodiyan, a Kilavan of Tirunechchugam in Tirunechchuganaou. Reference ARE, 93/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 382. Remarks It may also be read as Korfankodiyan (caused to be made the image) for the merit of Kodiyankannan, a Kilavan (Kilan) of Tirunechchuram in Tirunechchuranadu. No. 129 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Dayapalapperiyar, the disciple of Tirumalaiyar Moni (mauni)-bhatara of Kadaikkattur. Reference ARE, 94/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 383.

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Chidambaranar District 85 No. 130 Village Kalugumalai. Contents Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Kunnur-Yogiyar, the disciple of Vimalachandra Kuravadigal of Tirunattur. Reference ARE, 95/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 384. No. 131 Village Kalugumalai Contents States that the sacred image was caused to be made by Davan Sendan of Pereyiskuli in Verbinadu. Reference ARE, 96/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 385. No. 132 Village Kalugumalai Contents Mentions that the sacred image was caused to be made by Virapan Pavanandi (Viran Bhavanandi). Reference ARE, 97/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 386.

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86 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 133 Village Kalugumalai Contents It records that the work (of having done the image), was that of Devansendan of Kalaiyur for the merit of his father, Kavidi Davanar. Reference ARE, 98/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 387. No. 134 Village Kalugumalai Contents End lost. Mentions that Kari of PadaiyanurMuttam (caused the sacred image to be made) for the merit of Kavanakkan of Sattapallur. Reference ARE, 99/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 388. No. 135 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Santankariyar of Pareyifkuni. Reference ARE, 100/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 389.

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Chidambaranar Distric No. 136 Village Contents Reference No. 137 Village Contents Reference No. 138 Village Contents Reference Kalugumalai Records that the image was caused to be made by Santi Sena-adigal, the disciple of Vimala Chandra-kuravadigal of Tiruk kottaru. ARE, 101/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 390. Kalugumalai 87 States that the sacred image was caused to be made by Peganandibhatarar, the disciple of Pushpanandibhatarar. ARE, 102/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 391. Kalugumalai Fragmentary. Tiruchcharanam. ARE, 103/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 392. Mentions a Kura (tti) of

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88 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilna du Remarks The purport of the record seems to be that a lady teacher from Tiruchcharanam (Chitaral) caused to be made an image at Kalugumalai. No. 139 Village Kalugumalai Contents Damaged at the end. Records that one Sadaiya(n) of Tirunechchuram (caused the sacred image to be made) for the merit of his mother, Pandankalari. Reference ARE, 104/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 393. No. 140 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the image was caused to be made by Milalurkurattigal, the lady disciple of Perurkurattigal who was the daughter of Mingaikumaran of Pidangudi in Karaikkananalu. Reference ARE, 105/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 394.

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Chidambaranar District No. 141 Village Kalugumalai Contents Records that the Kurattiga! of Kudagkuli caused to be made the two sacred images, both on her own behalf and on behalf of Sendan of Ilavenbaikkuli. Reference ARE, 106/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 395. No. 142 Village Kalugumalai Contents States that the two sacred images were caused to be made by Paramansattan for the merit of Kodan Tanavaranar and PuravanVelan of Tirunechchugam. Reference ARE, 107/1894. SII, Vol. V, No. 396. No. 143 Village Kalugumalai Contents Fragmentary. Records that the disciple (name not mentioned) of Arattanemibhatarar (Arishganemibhatarar) of Veppanur-Tirumalai (caused the image to be made) for the merit of ... bhajdrar Refer ence ARE. 108/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 397. 12

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90 No. 144 Village Contents Reference No. 145 Village Contents Reference 146 No. Village Contents Reference Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Kalugumalai Records that the work (of having made the image) was that of the Kurattiyar of Mijalur and she had made it for the merit of Gunanandipperiyar, the disciple of MuttaArattanemi (Arishtanemi) - bhatara of Velagkudi. ARE, 109/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 398. Kalugumalai Letters missing in some places. Records that the work (of having made the image) was that of the Kurattiyar of Milalur, for the merit of Simangi. Kuravadiga], who was the disciple of Sendan ki .. kadanTirubhatarar. ARE, 110/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 399. Kalugumalai Mentions that the sacred image was caused to be made by Gupantangiyar of Nedumarattottam. ARE, 111/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 400.

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Chidambaran ar District 91 No. 147 Village Kalugumalai Contents States that Kumanalaman (Kumaranalaman ? ) of Tirunechchujam caused to be made the sacred image. Reference ARE, 112/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 401. No. 148 Village Kalugumalai Contents Fragmentary. Reads the name Sendan of Tirunechchugam. Reference ARE, 113/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 402. No. 149 Village Kalugumalai Contents Mentions that the sacred image was caused to be made by Kuman of llavenbai. Reference ARE, 114/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 403. Remarks The correct reading of the name seems to be Kumaran and not Kuman.

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92 No. 150 Village Contents Reference Remarks No. 151 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Kalugumalai Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Enadi Maganakkuratti of Nalur. ARE, 115/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 404. It is not clear whether the name of the lady is the same as said above, or it may be taken to mean Maganakkuratti, the daughter of Enadi of Nalur. Kalugumalai Kovilpatti Chidambaranar On a rock at Kalugumalai A.D. 8th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Naganandi, the pupil of the preceptor Singanandi of Ananur.

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Chidambarandr District Reference Remarks No. 152 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, p. 156, f. n. 6. Ananur is said to be a village in Mungudinadu (See, ARE, 86/1894) Kalugumalai Kovilpatti Chidambaranar On the rock within the Aiyanar temple on the hill. A. D. 8th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu 93 A portion built in. (Hara) chandradevar and Gunakirti. ARE, 864/1917. Mentions Kugandi

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 153 Village Kalugumalai Kovilpatti Taluk District Chidambaranir Findspot In the second and third sections of the same rock. Dynasty Pandya King Ko Maganjadaiyan (Varaguna II) Date 3rd regnal year (865 A.D.) Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents It records the construction of a well and the gift of some land for providing food to the ten Bhatarar expounding Siddhanta, and Vairagiyar (monks) in the Tirumalai temple at Tirunechchugam, by Siddhan of the village at Kadantaikuni, situated in Nallurtumburkuljam. The gift was entrusted with Gunasa harabhatara of Tirunechchugam. The epigraph also refers to the names of some persons, probably connected with the endowment. Reference ARE, 116/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 405. Remarks The King, Ko Maranjadaiyan, is identified with Varaguna II whose date of accession is 862 A.D.

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Chidambarandr District 95 No. 154 Village Kajugumalai Taluk Kovilpatti District Chidambaranar Findspot third sections of the In the second and same rock. Dynasty King Pandya Ko Maganjaoaiyan (Varaguna II) 3rd regnal year (865 A.D.) Tamil, Vatteluttu Date Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. It records some endowment to the deity known as Tirumalaidevar at Tirunechchuram by one Mahadevan, a resident of the village Perunavalur, situated in Nallur-Milalaikustam, for feeding five Vairagiyar (monks) and Bhatarar who expounded Siddhanta in the temple. The endowment was entrusted with Gunasa harabhatarar of Tirunechchugam, who was probably the chief among the monks looking after the Jaina establishments at Kalugumalai. Reference ARE, 117/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 406. Remarks It is interesting to observe that the Jaina ascetics were also called Vairagis. The monks are said to have expounded Siddhanta (Jaina philosophy), probably to the laity. The Jaina establishments at Kalugumalai had been looked after by Gunasaharabhatara the chief among the monks.

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96 No. 155 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Kalugumalai Kovilpatti Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Chidambaranar On a stone lying near the Aiyanar temple A.D. 9th-10th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu of Kalakkudi Records that Sattankali mangalattuchcheri gifted 25 sheep for burning two perpetual lamps to the god, Bhatara, on the hill at Tirunechchugam. His disciple (adiyar) also gave 25 sheep for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple. ARE, 19/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 308. The presiding deity is called 'Tirumalaimelbhatarar' in this record.

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Chidambarandr District 97 No. 156 Village Perungulam Taluk Srivaikuntam District Chidambaranar Findspot On the north and west walls of the Visnu temple. Dynasty Pandya King Tribhuvana Chakravarti Konerinmai Kondan (Sundara Pandya II) Date 15th regnal year (1253 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents (The purport of the record is to register the royal order granting remission of taxes on some lands endowed to the Visnu temple). It also refers to the exchange of a portion of land for a plot belonging to a Jaina emple called Nikarakara-perumpalli in the village. Reference ARE, 243/1932-33. Remarks The existence of a Jaina temple at Perungulam is known from this record found in the Visnu temple. But at present Jaina vestiges are not seen in the village.

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98 No. 157 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Virasikhamani Srivaikuntam Chidambaranar By the side of the stone beds in a cave (A.D. 9th-10th century characters) Tamil, Vatteluttu The inscription is in four short lines. Mentions the name Sri Surya AdumanJinendra. C. Govindarajan, "The Virasikhamani Jaina hill", Mukkudai, November, 1978, pp. 17-20. Engravings of a single foot print and a conch are found just below the inscription. Sri Surya Aduman Jinendra seems to be an important monk who lived in the cave at Virasikhamani.

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Chidambaranar District No. 158 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Virasikhamani Srivaikuntam Chidambaranar On a rock forming part of the tank bund in the village. A.D. 14th century characters 99 Tamil Records that a certain Avaiyampukkan got the foot prints of Sahajananda engraved. ARE, 42/1908. The cave contains the foot prints of the sage, carved within a lotus flower design.

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COIMBATORE DISTRICT 1. Trimurtimalai No. 159 Village Trimurtimalai Taluk Uaumalaipattai District Coimbatore Findspot On the rock containing Jaina image at the foot of the Anamalai hills Dynasty Nayak King Eddulappa-Nayaka Date (1793 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script

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Coimbutore District 101 Contents Records the settlement arrived at in the time of the local chief Eddulappa-Nayaka to collect from the family of the ruling chief of Amanasamudram, a marriage tax of four pon, for the god Amanesurasvami and the stipulation made against the alieneation of land as dowry on marriage occasions. Reference ARE, 186/1927. Remarks The boulder contains the figure of a Tirthankara flanked by two attendants, and the whole group is mistakenly called by the local people as Trimurti image. The inscription, found by its side, reveals that the image was called Amapesvarasvami and the area Amanasamudram. ARE, 1927, pt. 2, p. 118. The date of the chieftain is known from another record (ARE, 187/1927) from the same place.

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DHARMAPURI DISTRICT 1. Adiyamankottai 2. Dharmapuri 3. Hosur 4. Tavalam No. 160 Village Adiyamankottai Taluk Dharmapuri District Dharmapuri Findspot Jamb-stone built into the compound wall of the Perumal temple. Dynasty

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Dharmapuri District King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks A. D. 12th century characters Tamil 103 Beginning and end lost. Seems to record an endowment of land by JainottamaSomannan, a disciple of Madhava Chandrabhataraka of Mulasamgha, and son of Somannan who was the son of Udaiyannapekkadi of Kasyapa gotra and Viprakula, belonging to Tanyam, an agrahara Chaturvedimangalam in Selanadu to the temple constructed by him in rajadhani Mayindiramangalam in Kagkadu-nadu in NigariliSolamandalam. ARE, 162/1968-69. Mayindiramangalam was the original name of Adiyamankottai. The Jaina temple built by Jainottama Somannan does not exist in the village. However, an image of Parsvanatha, standing in a field near the dilapidated Siva temple, is the only Jaina vestige in this area.

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104 No. 161 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Dharmapuri Dharmapuri Dharmapuri On four sides of a broken pillar lying in the Mariyamman temple in the fort. Nolamba-Pallava Mahendraraja Saka 800 (A.D. 878 A.D.) Kanarese The record apparently makes a grant to a Jaina temple. ARE, 348/1901. This Nolamba king is said to have defeated the Bana chieftain Mahabali Banaraya in about 890 A.D. The village Mayindramangalam (Adiyamankottai) seems to have been named after this Mahendraraja.

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Dharmapuri District 105 No. 162 Village Dharmapuri Tuluk Dharmapuri District Dharmapuri Findspot On the four faces of a pillar built into the floor of a mandapa infront of the Mallikarjuna temple (now in the Madras Museum) Nolamba-Pallava Dynasty King Mahendraraja Date Saka 815 (893 A.D.) Language and Script Sanskrit, Kanarese Contents Begins with an invocation to the Jinendras and mentions the rulers of the NolambaPallava vamsa upto Mahendra. It records that two individuals Nidhiyanna and Chandiyapna, sons of a merchant from Srimangala, built a Jaina temple at Tagaduru, The former received from the king, free from all encumbrances, the village Mulapalli and in his turn made it over to KanakasenaSiddhanta-Bhatara, the pupil of VinayasenaSiddhanta-Bhatara of the Pogariya-gana, for repairs, additions, worship etc., in the same temple. Reference ARE, 304/1901, Epi. Ind., Vol. X, 1909-10, pp. 54-57. 14

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106 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Remarks The Nolambas who claimed descent from the Pallavas ruled the Nolambavali area, comprising the southern part of Karnataka and the north-western part of Tamilnadu, in the 9th and 10th centuries A.D. The Jaina temple built by Nidhiyappa and Chandiyanna does not exist now at Dharmapuri. However, a stone slab bearing Jaina figures has been reported from near by the Mallikarjuna temple. No. 163 Village Dharmapuri Taluk Dharmapuri District Dharmapuri Findspot On the four faces of the pillar built into the floor of a mandapa infront of the Mallikar. juna temple (Now in Madras Museum) Dynasty Nolamba-Pallava King Mahendradhiraja Date 9th century A.D. Sanskrit, Kanarese Language and Script

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Dharmapuri District 107 Contents It records that a certain Lokayya got from Ayyapadeva, son of Mahendra-Nolamba, the village of Buduguru and made a gift of it to the Jaina temple built by Nidhiyanna. The founder Nidhiyaona is also said to have presented a garden (?) for worship in the same temple. Reference ARE, 305/1901, Epi. Ind., Vol. X, 1909-10, pp. 57-64. Remarks This record reveals the name Ayyappadeva of the son of the king Mahendra. The village Buduguru may be identified with Buduganhalli, about seven miles from Dharmapuri. Epi. Ind., Vol. X, p. 64. No. 164 Village Dharmapuri Taluk Dharmapuri District Dharmapuri Findspot On a broken piece of another pillar in the Mallikarjuna temple. Dynasty Nolamba-Pallava King (Mahendradbiraja) Date A.D. 9th century characters

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108 Language and Script Contents Reference No. 165 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Kanarese A fragmentary record of a Nolamba-Pallava king, the date of which is lost. Begins with the same passage as in 304/1901. (i. e., with an invocation to the Jinendras etc.) ARE, 306/1901. Hosur Hosur Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Dharmapuri On a boulder and rock-bed near the Venkataramana temple Hoysala Vishnuvardhana Saka 1049 (1127 A.D.) Sanskrit, Grantha and Tamil Records gift of dry and wet lands inclusive of taxes in Ilandai alias Chitramelinallur as de vadana to the Parisva-Jinalaya at Sevidapadi, the southern sub-division of Murasu-nadu by purchase by dandanayaka Gangippayyan and dandanayaka Kettandiyar for food offerings (aharadana) and expenses therein. The gift was entrusted to Vasupujyapanditar appointed as tanapati of the Vasadi (basti).

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Dharmapuri District 109 Reference ARE, 486/1970-71. Remarks This is an interesting record as it reveals the importance of Hosur, called Sevidaipadi, as a jaina centre in medieval times. The temple is said to have been built by Gangippayyan, the son of Sri-BhuchandraSiddhanandidevar. The land endowed to the Paravanatha temple is mistakenly referred to as devadana. (should be pallichchandam) See, ARE, 1970-71, p. 9. No. 166 Village Tavasam Taluk Krishoagiri Dharmapuri District Findspot On a stone set up on the banks of the Ponnai river Dynasty King Date A.D. 8th century characters Language and Script Sanskrit (corrupt), Telugu-Kannada Contents Contains verses in praise of a saint (muni), apparently a Jaina. ARE, 245/1967-68. Reference

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KAMARAJAR DISTRICT 1. Erukkankuli 2. Kovilankulam 3. Pallimadam No. 167 Village Erukkankudi Talok Sattur District Kamarajar Findspot On a slab on the bund of a tank in the village Dynasty Pandya King Sadaiyamagan Srivallabha Date 18th regnal year (833 A.D.)

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Kamararajar District 111 Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents The last part of the inscription records the construction of a Perumpalli and a mandapa at Iruppaikkudi by Ettisattan alias Iruppaikkudi Kilavan, an official under the Pandya king. He is also stated to have repaired a tank called Palikkulam. Reference ARE, 334/1929-30, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 44. Remarks Jaina vestiges have not been reported from the village Iruppaikkudi (modern Erukkankuli). The tank in the village, where the inscription is found, may be the palikkulam (tank of the palli) referred to in the record. No. 168 Village Kovilankulam Taluk Aruppukkottai District Kamarajar Findspot On the west and south bases of the Ambalappasvami temple Dynasty Chola King Kulottunga I

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112 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Date 48th regnal year (1118 A.D) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that a golden vimana with a mandapa to mukkudaiyar was constructed at Kumbanur in Senga ttirukkai, a sub-division of Venbu-valanadu. Two copper images of the god and the Yakshi were also presented. It is also stated that some lands for a temple site and a water-shed for the use of Jaina devotees were given. Reference ARE, 397/1914. Remarks The inscription belongs to the Jaina temple called Ambalappasvami, of which the basement alone now remains and two Jaina images placed over it. It is learnt that about 25 individuals, of whom some were evidently well versed in the Tamil language, built for the god of the tripple umbrella (i.e., Jina) a temple and a golden shrine, and presented stone and metallic images of the god and his Yakshi. They also provided for processions, established a water-shed and a well for the use of the Jaina devotees and gave lands for the up-keep of the above mentioned charities. ARE, 1914-15, pt. II, p. 99.

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Kamarajar District 113 No. 169 Village Kovilaigulam Taluk Aruppukkottai District Kamarajar Findspot On the south base of the Ambalappasvami temple. Dynasty (Chola) King Date Language and Script Tamil Contents Tamil verse in praise of a solakon who was the lord of Kumbanur, Kugandi, Kungattur and Puttur. Reference ARE, 396/1914. No. 170 Village Pallimadam Taluk Aruppukkottai District Kamarajar Findspot On the parapet stone of the entrance into the Kalanathasvami temple, right side.

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114 Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Pandya Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Maganjadaiyan (Varaguna I) 26th regnal year (794 A.D.) Tamil, Vatteluttu Built in at the right end. Records gift of 100 sheep for a lamp by Sattan Gunattan, a native of Kunnur in Nilakkudinadu, for supplying ghee to a deity in the temple, Tirukkattampalli, at Kugandi in Venbunadu. ARE, 430/1914, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 32. Kurandi Tirukkattampalli in Venbunadu (Aruppukkottai area) was a huge monastic establishment of the Jains between the 8th and 10th centuries A.D. The exact location of the Jaina palli is not known to us since no vestiges are found in and around Pallimadam. The inscriptions referring to the palli are found on some stones built into the Siva temple. Obviously, these stones were taken from a Jaina temple and later used for the construction of the Siva temple. R. Champakalakshmi, "Kugandi - Tirukkattampalli - An ancient Jaina monastery of Tamilnadu", Studies in Indian Epigraphy, Vol. II, 1975, p. 84 ff.

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Kamarajar District 115 No. 171 Village Pallimadam Taluk Aruppukkottai District Kamarajar Findspot On the parapet stone of the entrance into the Kalanathasvami temple, left side. Dynasty Pandya King Maganjadaiyan (Varaguna I.) Date 35th regnal year (803 A.D.) Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Built in at the bottom. Records gift of 50 sheep to Tirukkattampalli at Kupandi in Venbu-nanu, in order to supply 5 nali of ghee everyday to the temple. Reference ARE, 431/1914, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 39. No. 172 Village Pallimadam Taluk Aruppukkottai District Kamarajar

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116 Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 173 Village Taluk District Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On the north wall of the mandapa in the Kalanathasvami temple. A.D. 8th-9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Records that Puvanavan of Tirunonthanam made a gift of seventyfive sheep to the deity of Tirukkattampalli at Kugandi. He also rendered some service in the KannimarirKattampalli. ARE, 428-B/1914, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 35. The reference to Kannimarir-kattampalli may be taken to mean an establishment of the nuns. Kannimar in Tamil means virgin ladies. In this context, it refers to the nuns of the palli. Pallimadam Aruppukkottai Kamarajar

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Kamarajar District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference On a stone built into the north wall of the mandapa in the Kalanathasvami temple. - A.D. 8th-9th century characters 117 Tamil, Vatteluttu Gift of 50 sheep by Sattangari for a lamp to the temple of Tirukkattam palli - deva at Kugandi in Venbu-nadu. ARE, 428-A/1914, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 34.

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7 No. 174 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date 1. Chitaral 2. Nagercoil KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT Language and Script Chitaral Vilavankodu Kanyakumari Below the image of Padma vadi carved on the rock. (A.D. 9th century characters) Tamil, Vattejuttu

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Kanyakumari District 119 Contents Records that the image was caused to be made by Sri Achchanandi (Ajjapandi). Reference TAS., Vol. II, p. 126. Remarks This and the following three label inscriptions may be palaeographically assigned to the 9th century A.D. No. 175 Village Chitaral Taluk Vilavankodu District Kanyakumari Findspot Below the image of the seated figure near that of Paravanatha on the same rock. Dynasty King Date (A.D. 9th century characters) Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents States that Uttanandiadigal of Kastampalli at Tirunedumpagai got sculptured this image. Reference TAS., Vol. II, p. 126. Remarks The place Tirunepumpajai remains unidentified.

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120 No. 176 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Chitaral Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Vilavankodu Kanyakumari Below the next image on the same rock (A.D. 9th century characters) Tamil, Vatteluttu Records that this image was caused to be made by Varagupan, the disciple of Pattinibhatarar of Tiruchcharanam. TAS., Vol. II, p. 126. Tiruchcharanam was the ancient name of Chitaral.

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Kanyakumari District 121 No. 177 Village Chitaral Taluk Vilavaikodu District Kanyakumari Findspot Below another image on the same rock. Dynasty King Date (A.D. 9th century characters) Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Records that these images were caused to be made by Viranandiaaigal of the Melaippalli at Tirunagungonlai. Reference TAS., Vol., II, p. 126. Remarks It is worthy of note that Tiruchcharanam had contact with far flung Jaina centres like Tirunasungongai in South Arcot district in the 9th century A.D. 16

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122 No. 178 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Chitaral Vilavankodu Kanyakumari Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On a rock to the south of the Bhagavati temple Ay Vikramaditya Varaguna 21st regnal year (889 A.D.) Tamil Records that the nun Muttuvala Narayanakurattiyar built the shrine of the goddess (Srikoyil) and endowed a lamp-stand, one gold flower weighing two kalanju to the goddess and made provisions for burning a perpetual lamp in the same temple. TAS., Vol. IV, No. 40, pp. 146-148.

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Kanyakumari District No. 179 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Chitaral Vilavankodu Kanyakumari On a rock to the south of the Bhagavati temple Ay Vikramaditya Varaguna 28th regnal year (896 A.D.) Tamil, Vatteluttu 123 Records that Gunantangi - Kurattikal, the disciple of Arattanemibhatara (Arishtanemibhatara) of Pereyakudi gave some gold ornaments to the deity, Bhatariyar, of Tiruchcharanattumalai. Last part of the record is damaged. TAS., Vol. I, pp. 194-195.

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124 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 180 Village Chitaral Taluk Vilavankolu District Kanyakumari Findspot On a stone now forming one of the steps leading to the tank infront of the Bhagavati temple. Dynasty King Date A.D. 10th century characters Sanskrit, Grantha Language and Script Contents Records that Vijayabhadra Vipaschit set up the stone entrance to the shrine of the goddess Varasundari. Reference TAS., Vol. IV, No. 41. Remarks The goddess (Yakshi) is called Varasundari in this record.

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Kanyakumari District No. 181 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Chitaral Vilavankodu Kanyakumari On a rock to the south of the Bhagavati temple. Kollam 425 (1250 A.D.) Tamil 125 Records that one Narayana.. Tamilappallavaraiyan of Rajavallapuram in Kilvembanadu gave some money for the expenses of the Bhagavati temple at Tiruchcharanam. ... TAS., Vol. I, p. 194. The name of the goddess (Yakshi) is referred to in this record as Bhagavati. The central shrine accommodating the image of Bhattariyar (Yakshi) is believed to have been converted into a Hindu temple in later times. At present the image is plastercoated. A. Ekambaranathan, "Jainism in Kanyakumari District", Journal of the Madras University, 1976, pp. 3-4.

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126 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 182 Village Chitaral Taluk Vilavankodu District Kanyakumari Findspot On the four faces of a pillar now built into the steps of the kitchen in the Bhagavati temple. Dynasty King Date Kollam 548 (1373 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Records that a certain Narayanan Kalikan alias Dharmachettinayinar of the city of Tirukkucakkarai, made certain arrangements by which the temple authorities were obliged to do some duties in the temple of Bhagavati at Tiruchcharanattumalai. In default of which they were subjected to fines etc., payable to the king and the duty of cleaning the mahamandapa and kitchen of the temple and of supplying turmeric for the drattu festival shall be left, as of old, with the female line of Dhanmasettinayinar.

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Kanyakumari District 127 Reference TAS., Vol. I, pp. 297-299, TAS., Vol. IV, No. 42. Remarks In TAS., Vol. IV, No. 42, the Kollam year is given as 540, in which case the date of the the record should be A.D. 1365. No. 183 Village Nagercoil Taluk Agasteeswaram District Kanyakumari Findspot On a pillar to the right of the entrance into the mukhamandapa of the Nagaraja temple. Dynasty Travancore Maharajas King (Udaiyamarta ndavarma) Date Kollam 681 (1505 A.D.) Tamil. Tamil and Grantha Language and Script

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128 Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Records that the king (Udaiyamartandavarma) while staying at Sivalamangalam granted 20 ma of land in Mulayanurparru of Nanjilnadu to the temple and the land was placed under the custody of KeralanNarayanan alias Gupavirapandita and Jivaharudaiyan alias Kamalava hanapandita of the same temple (palli). It was from the income of this pallichchandam, payasam (sweet pongal) for the morning service, oil for the sacred bath and for lamps, offerings for the noon and night services, twice this quantity on Sundays and special services on Sundays of the month of Tai, inclusive of clothes, dakshinai, garlands, rose water, camphor, suffron etc., were offered to the temple. A portion of the cooked rice was also made to be distributed to the garland-suppliers and the drummers. TAS., Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 115, p. 157, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 282/1968. The inscription does not mention the name of the king, however, the editor of the epigraph has assigned it to Udaiyamartandavarma Maharaja. For a history of the Jaina temples in the southern part of Tamilnadu, See, A. Ekambaranathan, "Jainism in Kanyakumari District", Journal of the Madras University, Vol. XLVIII, 1976, pp. 1-8.

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Kanyakumari District 129 No. 184 Village Nagercoil Taluk Agasteeswaram District Kanyakumari Findspot On another pillar in the same place Dynasty (Travancore Maharajas) King Date Kollam 692 (1516 A.D.) Language and Script Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Contents Registers that the king (name not mentioned) while camping in the house of Singaperuma! at Sevval, granted 10 ma of land as pallichchandam in Taruvai alias Taniyanaivita-pand yapurattu parru in Tenkarainalu, for the expenses of providing sattupadi to the Naga and Nagaraja in the temple. The taxes like Kadamai, Viniyogam, Upadi, Kanakkilakai and Komusaipadu were also given for the regular conduct of worship in the temple. The grant was made at the request of Gunavirapandita and Kamalavahanapandita of the same palli. Reference ARE, 59/1896, TAS., Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 117, p. 160, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 275/1968. 17

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130 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 185 Village Taluk Nagercoil Agasteeswaram Kanya kumari On another pillar found in the same place District Findspot Dynasty (Travancore Maharajas) King Date Kollam 692 (1516 A.D.) Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Language and Script Contents Registers a gift of some land as palsichchandam for providing worship to the Naga and Na garaja in the temple. The taxes on these lands were also given for the same purpose. It is also stated that one padakku (a measure) of paddy was spent for the morning, mid-day and night services, where as on Sundays double the amount was offered for the services. Kamalavahanapandita and Gunavirapandita of the palli looked after the endowment. The order was issued while the king (name not mentioned) was residing in the house of Adityavarma Annan at Virakesarinallur-aypillai puttur. TAS., Vol. IV, pt 2, No. 116, p. 159, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No, 285/1968. Reference Remarks Adityavarma Anpan mentioned in this record may be the same as Adityavarma-Maharaja of the Travancor , dynasty.

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Kanyakumari District No. 186 Village Nagercoil Taluk Agasteeswaram Kanyakumari District Findspot On another pillar in the same place Dynasty (Travancore Maharajas) King Date Kollam 694 (1518 A.D.) Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Language and Script Contents Records that the king (whose name is not known), when he was camping at Suchindram, made a gift of 15 ma of land as pallichchandam in melpartu and ki!parru of the village Seravanmadevi and left them under the control of Gunavirapandita and Kamalava hanapandita, for the expenses of night pu ja to the Naga and Nagaraja in the temple. The land was exempted from payment of taxes such as kadamai, upadi, viniyogam and komusaippadu. Reference ARE, 60/1896, TAS., Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 118, p. 161. Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 276/1968. Remarks Suchindram is a small town six kilometres south-east of Nagercoil. Saravanmadevi is the same as Seramadevi, a village in Tirunelveli-kattabomman district.

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132 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 187 Village Nagercoil Taluk Agasteeswaram District Findspot Kanyakumari On another pillar in the same place Travancore Maharajas Dynasty King Bhutalavira Udaiyamarttanpavarmar (1494-1535 A.D.) Date Kollam 696 (1520 A.D.) Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Language and Script Contents Records that the king Bhutalavira SriUdayamarttandavarmar, while staying in his residence at Kalakkadu alias Solakulavallipurattu - Viramarttanda - Chaturvedimangalam, issued the orders granting 21 ma of land as pallichchandam in the Mummudicholapuraparou (Kottarupaffu) for the expenses of conducting mid-day worship to the Naga in the temple and instituted a sandi in his name as Viramarttasdan-Sandi. Reference ARE, 63./1896, TAS., Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 120, p. 164, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 284/1968. Remarks Kalakkanu in Nangunari taluk of Tirunelveli Kattabomman district was one of the important camping centres of the Travancore kings.

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Kanyakumari District No. 188 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Nagercoil Agasteeswaram Kanyakumari On another pillar in the same place (Travancore Maharajas) (Bhutalavira Udayamarttandavarmar) Kollam 696 (1520 A.D.) Tamil, Tamil and Grantha 133 Records that the king (name not mentioned), while camping at Sendancheri-agaram of Sigragrankarai, granted one ma of land and a garden near the tank called Punakkulam in Kottaruparru for the the expenses of providing offerings at the rate of four nali a day and for burning two perpetual lamps in the temple. TAS., Vol. IV, pt. 2, p. 163, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 277/1968. Though this epigraph does not mention the name of the king, it may be assigned to Bhutalavira Udayamarttandavarma, since the previous record bears identical date.

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134 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 189 Village Nagercoil Taluk Agasteeswaram District Kanyakumari Findspot On another pillar in the same place Dynasty King (Travancore Maharajas) (Bhutalavira Udayamarttanpavarmar) Kollam 697 (1521 A.D.) Date Language and Script Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Contents States that the king (name not mentioned), while staying in the Singaperumal house at Sevval, granted 10 ma of land as pal[ichchandam in Terurparru to Gunavirapandita and Kamalavahanapandita to perform Sarvaprayaschitta (purificatory ceremony) in the temple. Reference ARE, 62/1896, TAS., Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 121, p. 165, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 283/1968. Remarks in Terur is a village near Suchindram Kanyakumari district.

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Kanyakumari District No. 190 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Nagercoil Agasteeswaram Kanyakumari On another pillar in the same place (Travancore Maharajas) (Bhutalavira Udayamarttandavarmar) Kollam 697 (1521 A.D.) Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Records that Kamalavahanapandita and Gunavirapandita of the temple granted 15 ma of land near the tank Tattaiyarkulam in Nanchilnadu as pallichchandam for the conduct of a special worship known as Kalasandi to the deities Naga and Nagaraja in the temple at Kottagu alias Mummudicholapuram. The grant was approved by the king (whose name is not mentioned) while he had his camp at Singaperumal house in Sevval. 135 Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 286/1968.

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136 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 191 Village Nagercoil Taluk Agasteeswaram District Kanyakumari Findspot On the backwall of the Krishna shrine in the Na garaja temple. Dynasty King Date Kollam 764 (1588 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that Tirukkupukkaiperumal of Kumbikulam in Karunkula-valanadu made a gift of sixtyfive panam, and from the interest of which daily offerings at the rate of one ulakku of rice had to be provided to the Naga and Nagaraja in the temple. Reference ARE, 57/1896, TAS., Vol. IV, pt, 2, No. 122, p. 166, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No, 279/1968. Remarks The places Kumbikulam and Karunkulam still retain their old names, and are found in the Panakudi taluk of Tirunelveli Kattabomman district. The deities Naga and Nagaraja are called Nayinar Nagar and Tiruvananta var in the present record.

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Kanyakumari District 137 No. 192 Village Nagercoil Taluk Agasteeswaram District Kanyakumari Findspot On a pillar in the mukhamandapa of the same temple. Dynasty King Date Kollam 817 (1641 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that one Kulasekharaperumal gifted garlands of Kontai flowers to the deity. Reference Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 280/1968. No. 193 Village Nagercoil Taluk Agasteeswaram District Kanyakumari 18

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138 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On the east wall of the Krishna shrine in the same temple. Dynasty King Date Kollam 819 (1643 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Only the first portion of the record is available. Mentions Sri Krishnankoil ..... Reference Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 278/1968. Remarks The present Krishna shrine seems to have been originally dedicated to one of the Tirthankaras. It is not certain whether the record refers to the Krishna shrine or the place Krishoankoil, which forms part of Nagercoil. No. 194 Village Nagercoil Taluk Agasteeswaram District Kanyakumari

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Kanyakumari District 139 Findspot On a pillar to the left of the entrance into the main shrine of the same temple. Dynasty King Date Kollam 820, Saka 1567 (1645 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that Maluvanambiyar Maluvanambi and Tambirankutti Sadaiyan collected money from several people and set up a makaratorana--vilakku (lamp with a makara torana) in the shrine of Nagar, and provided two nali of oil daily from the interest of six hundred panams which they had utilised for redeeming some lands of the temple from the debts which the Na garaja temple had incurred there on. Reference ARE, 58/1896, TAS, Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 123, pp. 166-167, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 281/1968.

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8 No. Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King 195 Date 1. Santhome 2. MADRAS DISTRICT Language and Script Madras Museum Santhome South Madras Madras On a stone found on the eastern side of the Santhome Church A.D. 12th-13th century characters Tamil

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Madras District Contents Reference Remarks No. 196 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Fragmentary and incomplete. Records some gift to Neminathasvami by a person whose name may be read as Palantipara(yan). Rev. H. Hosten, Antiquities from Santhome and Mylapore, p. 74. The existence of a Jaina temple dedicated to Neminatha at Mylapore (of which Santhome is a part) is not only known from this record, but also from the Mackenzie Manuscripts, recording the transfer of a Neminatha image from Mylapore to Chittamur, probably to protect it from destruction. 141 Some Jaina images are said to have been buried by the side of the Nunnery at Santhome. Ibid., p. 175. Not known Not known Not known On the back of a torana of a Jaina Panchatirthi metal image, now preserved in the Madras Museum. Vikrama era 1519 (1462 A.D.)

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142 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Sanskrit, Nagari Language and Script Contents Records that the image of Munisuvrata was caused to be made by Kehaka along with his wife Cha tu and brother Teya and family, and that it was consecrated by Sri LakshmiSagarasuri of the Tapa (gachchha). Reference ARE, 179/1968-69. Remarks The torana seems to have been brought from outside Tamilnadu, No. 197 Village Not known Taluk Not known District Not known Findspot Stone now preserved in the Madras MuseumNo. 2 with carvings in relief of a Jaina deity. Dynasty King Date In late characters Tamil Language and Script

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Madras District 143 Contents Records that (the sculpture) was set up by Davadhidevan alias Ahi (nda) san. Reference ARE, 249/1967-68. No. 198 Village Not known Taluk Not known Findspot On the base of a Jaina image in the Archaeological show-room of the Madras Museum. Dynasty King Date Kanarese Language and Script Contents This is the image of Santinathadeva of the temple Yeraga Jinalaya, founded by the Mahapradhana Brahadevana, a lay disciple of Sakalabhadra Bhattaraka entitled Mahamandalacharya and belonging to Mulasangha, Kundakundanvaya, Kanurgana and Tintrini-gachcha. Reference ARE, 525/1913.

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144 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 199 Village Not known Taluk Not known District Not known Findspot On the base of a Jaina image in the Archaeo. logical show-room of the Madras Museum. Dynasty King Salvadeva Date Sanskrit, Kanarese Language and Script Contents Records that the king Salvadeva, a great lover of Sahitya, got an image of SantiJina made according to rule and set it up. Reference ARE, 526/1913.

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MADURAI DISTRICT 1. Alagarmalai 2. Anaimalai 3. Arittapayti 4. Karungalakkuli 5. Kilakkuli 6. Kilakuyilkudi 7. Kilavalavu 8. Konkarpuliyankulam 9. Kuppa lanattam 10. Mankulam 11. Muttupatti 12. Pachchipallam 13. Tirupparankungam 14. Tiruvatavur 15. Uttamapalayain 16. Varichchiyur 17. Vikkiramangalam 19

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146 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 200 Village Alagarmalai Taluk Melur District Madurai Findspot Between the first and second cutting of the overhanging rock in the cave on the hill. Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents (The) gift of Atan, (a) Matiraiy. goldsmith (of) Reference ARE, 244/1963-64, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Alagarmalai, No. 1, T V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 236-239. Remarks The present Madurai is referred to in the record as Matiraiy.

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Madurai District 147 No. 201 Village Alagarmalai Taluk Melur District Madurai Findspot To the proper left of the above inscription. Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Language and Script Tamil, Brahmi. Contents A fragmentary inscription mentioning .... anakanta (?). Reference ARE, 245/1963-64, 1. Mahadevan, op. cit., Alagarmalai, No. 2. No. 202 Village Alagarmalai Taluk Melur District Madurai

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148 Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 203 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King On a rock-cut bed in the hill. 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Tamil, Brahmi Kaninakan (and) Kani-y na(n)tan, the sons (children) of Iravi-i. ARE, 334/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Alagarmalai, No. 3, T.V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 241. It records that the rock-cut bed was caused to be made by Kaninakan and Kapinandan, the sons of Iravi (Ravi). Alagarmalai Melur Madurai On the brow of the sheltering rock in the hill.

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Madurai District Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 204 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date 2nd-1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi To (the) great nun (tavirai). ARE, 70/1910, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Alagarmalai, No. 4. This opening passage relates to all the names in the following inscriptions (Alagarmalai, Nos. 5-13, ARE, 71-77/1910) engraved in one long line. The term 'Tavirai' in the present record means Nun. Alagarmalai 149 Melur Madurai On the brow of the sheltering rock in the hill. 2nd 1st centuries B.C.

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150 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Language and Script Tamil, Brahmi Contents a) Viyakan Kanatikan (the) Salt merchant. b) The gift of Atan, the son of Kanakan Atan. c) ... of Sapamita ... (a) nun. d) Netumal (l)an, (the) sugar merchant. e) Elacantan, (the) iron-monger. f) (The) gift (of) Kalumajan (of)... nchi. g) He (name lost) caused to be given (this) drip-ledge. h) ..... of Kasapan (the) monk. i) . . . . . All of them gave (caused to be given). Reference ARE, 71-77/1910, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Alagarmalai, Nos. 5-13, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 241-244. Remarks The above inscriptions, mentioning the names of several persons, their professions etc, are engraved in one line. These persons caused to be made rock-cut beds at Alagarmalai. No. 205 Village Alagarmalai Taluk Melur District Madurai

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Madurai District 151 Findspot In the same place. Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Language and Script Tamil, Brahmi Contents Ela (v)a Atan, a cloth merchant of Venpal (1)i. ..... Tiyan cantan (a male personal name). Reference ARE, 78 & 79/1910, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Alagarmalai, Nos. 14, 15. Remarks It seems that Elava Atan of Venpalli and ... Tiyancantan caused to be made rock-cut beds at Alagarmalai. No. 206 Village Alagarmalai Taluk Melur District Madurai Findspot Near the seated Jaina image cut on the boulder bearing the Brahmi inscription. Dynasty King

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152 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Date A.D. 9th-10th century characters Language and Script Tamil, Vatteluttu Contents Records that the work (of having carved the image) was that of Sri Ajjanandi. Reference ARE, 396/1954-55 No. 207 Village Anaimalai Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot Above the entrance into the cave, just below the dripline cutting. Dynasty King Date Ist - 2nd centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents These (beds are the) gift of Natan living in the dormitory of Kungattur ; (these were made by) Eri Aritan, Attuvayi (and) Arattakayipan. Reference ARE, 4.7/1906, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Anaimalai, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 274-78.

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Madurai District 153 No. 208 Village Anaimalai Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot Below a Jaina image on the rock overhanging a natural cave, Dynasty (Pandya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents States that the image (below which the inscription is engraved) is to be protected by the officials tinaikkalattar. Reference ARE, 68/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 100. Remarks The Vatteluttu inscriptions from Anaimalai, Kilakkudi, Pechchippallam and Uttamapa layam in Madurai district are assigned to the Pandyas of the 9th century A.D. See, SII, Vol. XIV, p. 63. 20

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154 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 209 Village Anaimalai Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot Below a Jaina image on the rock overhanging a natural cavern. Dynasty (Pandya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by a certain Enadi Nadi for the merit of .... aniyan of Kalavali-nadu. Reference ARE, 67/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 99. No. 210 Village Anaimalai Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot Below a Jaina image on the same rock.

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Madurai District Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 211 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script (Pandya) A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu States that the image is to be protected by the accountants (Karanattar) of the village Porkodu. ARE, 69/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 101. Anaimalai Madurai Madurai Below a Jaina image on the same rock. (Pandya) A.D. 9th century characters 155 Tamil, Vatteluttu

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156 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Contents Records that the image was caused to be made by Ajjanandi and the image was to be protected by the sabha of Narasiigamangalam. The revenue accountants (puravuvariyar) are also mentioned in this record. Reference ARE, 70/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 102. No. 212 Village Anaimalai Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot Below a Jajna image on the same rock. Dynasty (Pandya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents States that the image of the Yaksha was caused to be made by a certain CheduliyaPandi of Peruvembaldur in Tenkalavalinadu. Reference ARE, 71/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 103.

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Madurai District 157 No. 213 Village Anaimalai Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot Below a Jaina image on the same rock. Dynasty (Pardya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil. Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Veppurai Saradan Ampiraiyan alias Saradan Araiyan of Venpurai-nadu. Reference ARE, 72/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 104. No. 214 Village Anaimalai Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot Below a Jaina image on the same rock.

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158 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Dynasty (Pandya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters Language and Script Tamil, Vatteluttu Contents Fragmentary. States that the image was caused to be made by Koyyan. .. .. of the village Mallattirukkai..... Reference ARE, 73/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 105. No. 215 Village Anaimalai Talok Madurai District Madurai Findspot Below a Jaina image on the same rock. Dynasty (Pandya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters Language and Script Tamil, Vatteluttu

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Madurai District Contents Reference No. 216 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference States that the sacred image was caused to be made by Eviyampudi of Vettanjeri in Venbaikkudi in Venbaikkudi-nadu, and that the image was to be protected by the revenue accountants (puravuvari kalattar). ARE, 74/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 106. Arittapatti Melur Madurai 159 On the brow of the cavern in the hill called Kanchamalai. 2nd-1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Records that the cave was caused to be given by Chalivan Atanan Voliyan of Nelveli. K.V. Raman and Y. Subbarayalu, "A new Tamil - Brahmi inscription in Arittapatti", Journal of Indian History, Vol. XLIX, Nos. 145-147, 1971, pp. 229-232.

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160 No. 217 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Arittapatti Melur Madurai Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Below a Jaina image carved on a rock in the hill known as Kanchamalai (kalinjamalai) near Arittapatti. A. D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Records that the sacred image was caused to be cut on the hill known as Tiruppinaiyanmalai, by Ajjanandi on behalf of the accountants (Karanattar) of Nerkodu. It had to be protected by the people of Vaniyakkudi. M. Chandramurti, "Ancient Vestiges in Kalinjamalai", Mukkudai, July, 1975, pp. 13-14. The rock contains an image of a Tirthankara in seated posture, canopied by a tripple umbrella over his head. The hill is referred to in the record as Tiruppinaiyanmalai.

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Madurai District 161 No. 218 Village Taluk Melur District Madurai Findspot In one of the caverns on the hill near the village. Dynasty King Date 2nd- 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents (The) monastery of Ariti (of) Elaiyur. Reference ARE, 561/1911, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Karungalakkuli, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 212-213. No. 219 Village Karunga lakkuli Taluk Melur District Madurai 21

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162 Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 220 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Below the pedestal of a Jaina image on a rock in the Panchapandavarkuttu hill. Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Records that this sacred image (tirumeni) was caused to be made by the glorious Ajjanandi. ARE, 562/1911. Karungalakkudi Melur Madurai On one of the stone beds in the second cavern in the Panchapandavarkuttu hill. Pandya A. D. 9th century characters

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Madurai District Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 221 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Tamil, Vatteluttu Registers the several acts performed by a certain Pallidaraiyan, while he was in the service of the Pandya king (Valudi, Minavan). Amongst his services were the building of a bright vimana. stopping the sea. protecting sacrifices at Tiruppodiyil by the powers of his scholarship, asceticism and saintliness. ARE, 563/1911. The place of Pallidaraiyan in the history of the Pandyas of Madurai is not known to The name of the king under whom he served is also not mentioned in the record. us. Kilakkudi (Settippodavu) Madurai 163 Madurai On the pedestal of one of the Jaina images on the hill. A.D. 9th century characters

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164 Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. Village Taluk 222 District Findspot Dynasty King Tamil, Vatteluttu Records that the image was cut at the instance of Gunasenapperiyadigal, the pupil of Vardhamana Panditar who was the pupil of Gunasenadeva presiding over KurandiTirukkattampalli in Venbunadu. Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu ARE, 330/1908. The natural cavern, containing a number of rock-cut beds, at this place is locally known as Settippodavu. Images of Jaina deities are carved on the vertical surface of the rock nearby. Gunasenadeva, who was the presiding monk of the Jaina establishment at Kugandi, was also in-charge of the palli at Kilakkudi and Pechchipallam. Kilakkudi (Settippodavu) Madurai Madurai On the pedestal of a Jaina image on the hill. 1

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Madurai District Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 223 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Records that the image was cut at the instance of a pupil of Gunasenadeva who was in-charge of this palli. ARE, 331/1908. Gunasenade va figures in three of the inscriptions from Kilakkudi. Kilakkudi (Settippodavu) Madurai 165 Madurai On the pedestal of the third image on the hill. A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu

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166 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Contents A damaged record. Mentions Gupasenadeva who presided over this palli. Reference ARE, 332/1908. No. 224 Village Kilakkuli (Settippodavu) Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot Below the Jaina figure cut on the boulder outside the cavern. Dynasty King Date A.D. 9th century characters Language and Script Tamil, Vatteluttu Contents Damaged in the beginning. Records that Abinandan-bhatara, a pupil of Arimandalabhatara, who was the pupil of Abinandanbhatara, who inturn was the pupil of Kanakanandibhatara, caused this image to be cut. It also refers to Kurandi-Tirukkattampalli. Reference ARE, 63/1910.

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Madurai District 167 No. 225 Village Kilakuyilkudi (Kilakkuli) Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot On a rock to the north of the Jaina images in the Samanarmalai hill, Dynasty King Date A. D. 10th century characters Language and Script Tamil, Vatteluttu Contents Mentions a palli and the names such as Gunabhadradeva and Chandraprabha. Reference ARE, 242/1950-51.

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168 No. 226 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Kilakuyilkudi (Kilakkudi) Madurai Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Madurai On the top of the same hill, near the basement of a dilapidated temple. A.D. 10th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu A short label inscription mentioning the name Irattaiyan (probably a monk or a devotee). ARE, 243/1950-51.

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Madurai District No. 227 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks 222 Kilakuyilkudi (Kilakkudi) Madurai Madurai Same place, near the stone lamp-post. A.D. 12th century characters Kannada 169 Mentions names of the Jaina teachers Aryadeva, Balachandradeva, belonging to the Mulasangha of Belagula; Nemideva, Ajitasenadeva and Govardhanadeva. ARE, 244/1950-51. This Kannada record reveals that Jaina monks from Sravanabelgola in Karnataka had gone to Madurai area in order to propagate Jaina principles.

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170 No. 228 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Kilavalavu Melur Madurai Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On a huge boulder in the Panchapandavamalai. 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Monastery given (by) Ilavan, (a) lay devotee (from) Tonti. ARE, 135/1903, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Kilavalavu, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 214-217. Many of the letters in this record are inscribed upside down and boldly cut.

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Madurai District 171 No. 229 Village Kilavalavu Taluk Melur District Madurai Findspot On a rock in the Panchapandavamalai. Dynasty King Date A. D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vattejuttu Language and Script Contents Records that a certain Sankaran Srivallavan caused an image to be cut on the rock and gave thirty sheep for a lamp and an endowment for daily offerings. Reference ARE, 39/1907. No. 230 Village Kilavalavu Taluk Melur District Madurai Findspot On a rock in the Panchapandavamalai.

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172 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Dynasty King Date A.D. 9th century characters Language and Script Tamil, Vatteluttu Contents Fragmentary. States that the image was caused to be made by Sri Lokabhanubhatara. Reference ARE, 133/1903, SII, Vol. VIII, No. 419. Remarks The inscription seems to be of five short lines, of which only two remain in good state of preservation. No. 231 Village Kilavalavu Taluk Melur District Madurai Findspot On a rock in the Panchapandavamalai. Dynasty King Date In ancient characters Tamil Language and Script

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Madurai District 173 Contents A label mentioning the name Srikatsi. Reference ARE, 133-A/1903, SII, Vol. VIII, No. 420. Remarks Probably, Sri Katti caused to be cut an image on the rock. This label, like the others, may also be assigned to the 9th century A.D. No. 232 Village Kilavalavu Taluk Melur District Madurai Findspot On another rock in the Panchapandavamalai. Dynasty - King Date In modern characters Tamil Language and Script Contents The purport of the record is not clear. Mentions the name of a person, BhumiAlkara Sundara Alankaran Pillan, the son of Perumbadaikkollan of Punchurati. Reference ARE, 134/1903, SII, Vol. VIII, No. 421.

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174 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 233 Village Konkarpuliyankulam Taluk Tirumangalam District Madurai Findspot On a rock near the village. Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Uparuva [n), a lay devotee gave (caused to be given this) canopy. Reference ARE, 55/1910, 1. Mahadevan, op. cit., Konkarpuliyankulam, No. 1, T.V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 224-225. No. 234 Village Konkarpuliyankulam Taluk Tirumangalam District Madurai

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Madurai District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 235 Village Taluk District Remarks Dynasty King Date Language and Script On a rock near the village. 2nd - 1st centuries B.C.. Tamil, Brahmi Ceguatan plaited (the) fronds (for the) canopy. (Two symbols are found at the end of the inscription). ARE, 56/1910, I. Mahadevan, op.cit., Konkarpuliyankulam, No. 2, T.V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 230-231. Konkarpuliyankulam Tirumangalam Madurai On a rock near the village. 175 2nd 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi.

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176 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Contents Peratan Pitan of Pa(k)kanur thatched (caused to be thatched) this canopy, (Two symbols are found at the end of the inscription). Reference ARE, 57/1910, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Konkarpuliyankulam, No. 3, T.V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 227-229. No. 236 Village Kongarpuliyankulam Taluk Tirumangalam District Madurai Findspot Below a Jaina figure in the hill. carved on a rock Dynasty King Date A.D, 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents The record contains the name Sri Ajjanandi. Reference Remarks ARE, 54/1910, Probably, it was Ajjanandi who caused to be made the image at this place.

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Madurai District 177 No. 237 Village Taluk Kuppalanattam Tirumangalam Madurai District Findspot On a rock near the Jaina images on the hill. Dynasty King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents A much damaged record, referring to the cutting of the images. Reference ARE, 105/1909. Remarks The record is very much mutilated, hence the names of persons who caused the images to be made can not be ascertained. No. 238 Village Mankulam Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot On a rock-cut bed in the hill locally called Kalugumalai. 23

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178 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Dynasty Panaya King Nequnjeliyan Date 2nd - 1st centuries B. C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Dedication (dhammam) to Kaniynanta, (the) monk (living) yonder. This monstery (palli) (was) caused to be given (by) KatalanValutiy, (an) officer (pana-an) (under) Nedunceliyan. Reference ARE, 465/1906, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Markulam, No. 1. Remarks The inscription brings to light the names of a Pand ya king Neduncheliyan and one of his officers, Kalalanvaluti. Some of the Pandya kings of the Sangam age bore the name Ned uncheliyan. But it is not definite whether the king referred to in this record is identical with anyone of those who find place in the Sangam works, or a king much earlier to them. Kaninanta seems to be a reputed Jaina monk as his name occurs in some more epigraphs from Mankulam.

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Madurai District No. 239 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Mankulam Madurai Madurai On a rock-cut bed in the hill locally called Kalugumalai. Pandya Nedunjeliyan 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. 179 Tamil, Brahmi Dedication (to) Kaniynanta, (the) monk (living) yonder; this monastery (was) made (by) Catikan, (the) father (of) Ilancatikan and brother-in-law (Salakan) (of) Nedunceliyan. ARE, 460/1906, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mankulam, No. 2, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 201-203. This record mentions the names of the Pandya king Neduncheliyan, his brother-inlaw Catikan and his nephew Ilancatikan.

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180 No. 240 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Mankulam Madurai Madurai Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On a rock-cut bed in the same hill. 2nd 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi (To) Kani-i-nata, (the) monk (living) yonder; (the) son (sutan) of Kalitika Antai, (a) merchant-prince (kavitiy) of the mercantile guild (nikama) of Velaraiy caused (this) lattice (pinau) to be given. ARE, 463/1906, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mankulam, No. 3, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 204-207. The son of Kalitika Antai of the merchant guild of Vellagai is said to have caused to be given a lattice work to the abode of the monk, Kaninanta. Vellagai may be identified with Tiruvellagai in the Tiruchirapalli district.

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Madurai District 181 No. 241 Village Mankulam Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot On a rock-cut bed in the same hill. Dynasty King Date 2nd-1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Kaniynatan gave (this). Reference ARE, 242/1963-64, I. Mahadevan, op.cit., Mankulam, No. 4. No. 242 Village Markulam Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot On a rock-cut bed in the same hill. Dynasty King

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182 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Cantaritan gave (caused to be given this). Reference ARE, 461/1906, I. Mahadevan, op. cit , Mankulam, No. 5. Remarks The rock-cut bed was caused to be made by Cantaritan. No. 243 Village Mankulam Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot On a rock-cut bed in the same hill. Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Language and Script Tamil, Brahmi Contents (The) members of (the) mercantile guild of Velaja gave (this).

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Madurai District Reference Remarks No. 244 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference ARE, 462/1906, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mankulam, No. 6. The keen interest evinced by the merchant guild of Vellagai and its patronage to Jainism is apparent from this record also. Muttuppatti Madurai Madurai 183 On the rock-cut bed in a cavern on the hill locally called 'Ummanamalai'. 1st-2nd centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi (The) cavern of Caiyalan (i.e., one from Ceylon) (of) Vintaiur. ARE, 58, 59/1910, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Muttuppatti, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 269-71.

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184 Remarks No. 245 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu The term 'Caiyalan' occurring in this epigraph is taken to mean a person from Ceylon. T. V. Mahalingam, on the other hand, considers it a proper name as is denoted by a masculine suffix 'an'. The word 'Kavi' is used to denote the cave. In Sanskrit, 'gavi' means a cave. Ibid., P. 270. Muttuppatti Madurai Madurai On a boulder in the same place. 1st 2nd centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi (The) son of Cattan Antai of Nakaperur. ARE, 60/1910, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Muttuppatti, No. 2. Evidently, the son of Cattan Antai of the village Nakaperur caused to be made the rock-cut bed. Nakaperur may be a village near the Nagamalai hill in Madurai.

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Madurai District 185 No. 246 Village Muttuppatti Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot Side of a boulder cut in the form of a bed in the cave adjacent to the one with the Jaina image on the hill. Dynasty King Date 1st - 2nd centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents A fragmentary inscription which reads as follows. .... ti .... kkattan ma... nan ...ey. Reference ARE, 243/1963-64, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Muttuppatti, No. 3. Remarks Seems to refer the name of a person who probably caused to be cut the stone bed. 24

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186 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 247 Village Muttuppatti Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot Below a Jaina image carved on a boulder. Dynasty King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Records that Kanakavira Periyadigal, a disciple of Gunasenadeva who was a disciple of Kurandi Ashtopavasibhatara of Venbunalu, caused to be made this image in the name of the inhabitants of Kuyitkudi (modern Kilakkudi). Reference ARE, 61/1910.

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Madurai District No. Village Taluk 248 District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 249 Village Taluk District Muttuppatti Madurai Madurai Below a Jaina image carved on a boulder. A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Records that Maganandi, a disciple of Kugandi Ashtopavasi, caused this image to be cut in the name of the inhabitants of the district. ARE, 62/1910. Pechchipallam 187 Madurai Madurai

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188 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot Below a Jaina image carved on a rock. Dynasty King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Records that this image was caused to be made, on behalf of his younger brother, by Araiyangavadi, the pupil of Gunasenadeva, who was in-charge of this palli. Reference ARE, 69/1910. Remarks The Jaina relics at Pechchipallam are similar to those at Kilakkuli and Kongarpuliyankulam. Besides, there is a large courtyard infront of a rock which bears Jaina sculptures, mostly in standing pose with a canopy of five serpent-hoods spreading over their heads. ARE, 1910, p. 78. No. 250 Village Pechchipallam Taluk Madurai District Madurai

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Madurai District 189 Findspot Below a Jaina figure carved on a rock. Dynasty King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Records that the image was caused to be cut by Kanakanandi, a servant of Tirukkurandi in Venbu-nadu. Reference ARE, 68/1910. No. 251 Village Pechchipallam Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot Below a Jaina image carved on a rock. Dynasty King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script

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190 Contents Reference No. 252 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Records that the image was cut on behalf of Velan Sadaiyan, a shepherd of Parur in Milalai-kuggam, by his wife. ARE, 67/1910 Pechchipallam Madurai Madurai Below a Jaina image carved on a rock. A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Records that the image was caused to be cut by Kandanporpattan of Sigukadaippuram, a pupil of Gunasenadeva who was in-charge of this palli. ARE, 66/1910.

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Madurai District No. Village Taluk 253 District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Pechchipallam Madurai Madurai Below a Jaina image carved on a rock. A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu 191 Records that the image was caused to be made on behalf of a certain AchchanSripalan, nephew of Anattavan Magenan, a disciple of Gunasenadeva who was in-charge of this palli. ARE, 65/1910.

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192 No. 254 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Pechchipallam Madurai Madurai Below a Jaina image carved on a rock. A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Records that Gunamatiyar, mother Ajjanandi, caused this image to be cut. of ARE, 64/1910. This epigraph reveals that Gunamatiyar was the mother of the famous monk Ajjanandi, whose name occurs at Anaimalai, Aiyampalayam and Karungalakkudi.

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Madurai District 193 No. 255 Village Tirupparankunram Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot On the rock-cut bed in the upper cavern. Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Antuvan gave (caused to be given this). Reference ARE, 142/1951-52, 1. Mahadevan, op.cit., Tiruppararkuncam, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op.cit., pp. 256-257. Remarks This and the following two inscriptions, though fragmentary, record the names of persons who caused the stone beds to be cut in the caves. 25

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194 No. 256 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Tirupparankungam Madurai Madurai Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On the rock-cut bed in the Jaina cave on the hill. 2nd - 1st centuries B. C. Tamil, Brahmi A fragment. Mentions ... kaya. ARE, 140/1951-52, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Tirupparankungam, No. 2, T. V. Mahalingam, op.cit., pp. 256-57.

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Madurai District 195 No. 257 Village Tirupparankungam Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot On the rock-cut bed in the Jajna cave on the hill. Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. The portion containing the word . . . marayatu ..... remains now. Reference ARE, 141/1951-52. I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Tirupparankungam, No. 3, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 256-57.

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196 No. 258 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Tirupparankungam Madurai Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Madurai On the pillowside of the rock-cut bed in the lower cavern. 1st - 2nd centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Pola laiyan (of) Erukatur, a householder (from) Ceylon gave (this); Ay, Cayan (and) Netucatan (made this). ARE, 333/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Tirupparankungam, No. 4, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 251-255. It is interesting to observe that this record mentions the donor as a house holder from Ceylon (ilakutumpikan) and a resident of Erukattur. The contact between Tamil country and Ilam in the early centuries of the Christian era is thus apparent. Erukattur may be the native village of the Tamil poet Tayankannanar whose poems are included in Ahananuru.

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Madurai District 197 No. 259 Village Tiruvatavur Taluk Melur District Madurai Findspot On a rock-cut bed in the hill. Dynasty King Date 2nd-1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Aritan of ... pankatu gave (caused to be given this). Reference ARE, 276/1965-66, I. Mahadevan, op.cit., Tiruvatavur, No. I. No. 260 Village Tiruvatavur Taluk Melur District Madurai

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198 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On a rock-cut bed in the same hill. Dynasty King Date 2nd - Ist centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Paracu, (a) lay devotee gave caused to be given this) abode. Reference ARE, 275/1965-66, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Tiruva tavur, No. 2 No. 261 Village Uttamapalayam Taluk Periyakulam District Madurai Findspot On a boulder near the Karuppannasvami rock. Dynasty (Pandya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters Language and Script Tamil, Vatteluttu

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Madurai District 199 Contents Registers a grant of 11 kasu by Anantavira-adigal for a lamp to the god Tirugunagirideva and states that the adigal in-charge of the palli should burn the lamp with the interest accruing out of the money granted. ARE, 732/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 128. Reference Remarks The rock containing Jaina images at Uttamapalayam was called Tirugunagiri, and the palli was under the control of a monk whose name is not mentioned in the record. No. 262 Village Uttamapalayam Taluk Periyakulam District Madurai Findspot Above the first three images in the first row, on the Karuppannasvami rock. Dynasty Pandya King Date Sadaiyamagan (Srimaga Srivallabha) 20th regnal year (835 A.D.) Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents A much damaged record (The details of the record are not given in the epigraphical report). Reference ARE, 722/1905,

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200 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 263 Village Uttamapalayam Taluk Periyakulam District Madurai Findspot Below the first image on the Karuppannas vami rock. Dynasty (Pandya) King Date A. D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script . Contents Damaged. Seems to record that the image was caused to be made by Siddha ..., son of a person whose name is lost, hailing from the village Venbaikkarai in Venbaikkudinadu. Reference ARE, 723/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 120.

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Madurai District 201 No. 264 Village Uttamapalayam Taluk Periyakulam District Madurai Findspot Below the second Jaina image carved on the Karuppannasvami rock. Dynasty (Paodya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Damaged. Refers to the names of persons like Villikugandi-ti.... and Chandraprabha of Venbunadu. Reference ARE, 724/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 121. The name of the first person referred to may be Villikusandi-tirthabhatara. Remarks No. 265 Village Uttamapalayam Taluk Periyakulam District Madurai 26

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202 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot Below the third image carved on the Karuppannasyami rock. Dynasty (Pandya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Arishtanemiperiyar, the disciple of Ashtopavasi Kanakaviran. Reference ARE, 725/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 122. No. 266 Village Uttamapalayam Taluk Periyakulam District Madurai Findspot On the rock known as Karuppannas v ami rock. Dynasty (Pandya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters

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Madurai District Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 267 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Tamil, Vatteluttu The three labels are very much damaged. ARE, 726, 727 and 731/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, Nos. 123, 124, 127-A. Nothing can be read from these obliterated labels. Uttamapalayam Periyakulam Madurai 203 Below the ninth image on the Karuppannasvami rock. (Pandya) A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Fragmentary. The last part is completely lost. Mentions Sengudinadu.

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204 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Reference ARE, 728/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 125. Remarks Seems to state that the image was caused to be made by a person from Sengulinadu. No. 268 Village Uttamapalayam Taluk Periyakulam District Madurai Findspot Below the tenth Jaina image carved on the Karuppannasvdmi rock. Dynasty (Pandya) King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents Records that the image was caused to be made by Ajjanandi. Reference ARE, 729/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 126. Remarks Ajjanandi figures in Anamalai and Aiyampalayam inscriptions also. It may refer to one and the same person who caused the Jaina images to be made in all these places.

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Madurai District No. Village Taluk 269 District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Uttamapalayam Periyakulam Madurai Below the eleventh image on the Karuppannasvami rock. (Pandya) A.D. 9th century characters 205 Tamil, Vatteluttu States that this was the work of Kichchiyar of the village Valaippattisalai. ARE, 730/190, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 127. Obviously, it records that the image was caused to be made by a person from Valaippattisalai.

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206 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 270 Village Varichchiyur Taluk Madurai District Madurai Findspot On the over-hanging boulder about 30 feet from the cavern near the village. Dynasty King Date 2nd century B.C. - 2nd century A.D. Language and Script Tamil, Brahmi Contents Fragmentary. (The) pali (palli) given by ... Reference ARE, 38-A/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Varichchiyur, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 272-73. No. 271 Village Varichchiyur Taluk Madurai District Madurai

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Madurai District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No 272 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script In the same place. 2nd century B.C. 2nd century A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Badly damaged and fragmentary. to mention a hundred rock beds. Varichchiyur Madurai ARE, 38-B/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Varichchiyur, No. 2. Madurai In the same place. 207 2nd century B.C. 2nd century A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Appears

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208 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Contents Damaged and fragmentary. (The) four beds (seats) made by ... natan. Reference ARE, 38-c/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Varichchiyur, No. 3. No, 273 Village Vikkiramangalam Taluk Tirumangalam District Madurai Findspot On the rock-cut bed in the natural cavern locally called Undankal. Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Reference (The) gift made by (the) son of Antaiypikan. ARE, 621/1926, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Vikkiramangalam, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 232-235.

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Madurai District 209 No. 274 Village Vikkiramangalam Taluk Tirumangalam District Madurai Findspot On the rock-cut bed in the natural cavern locally called Undankal. Dynasty King Date 2nd - Ist centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Kuviran (of) Petalai. Reference ARE, 622/1926, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Vikkiramangalam, No. 2, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 232-235. Remarks Mentions the name of a person, Kuviran, a native of Petalai, who probably caused to be made the bed. 27

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210 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 275 Village Vikkiramangalam Taluk Tirumangalam District Madurai Findspot On the rock-cut bed in the same place. Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Cenkuviran (a male personal name). Reference ARE, 623/1926, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Vikkiramangalam, No. 3, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 232-235. Remarks This seems to be connected with the previous inscription (ARE, 622/1926) mentioning Kuviran of Petalai.

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Madurai District 211 No. 276 Village Vikkiramangalam Taluk Tirumangalam District Madurai Findspot At the head of the southern most bed among the lower row of beds. Dynasty King Date 2nd - 1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Kuviratan (a male personal name). Reference ARE, 286/1963-64, 1. Mahadevan, op. cit., Vikkiramangalam, No. 4. Remarks This may be a varient form of the name Kuviran (ARE, 622/1926) or, a person belonging to the same family,

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212 No. 277 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Vikkiramangalam Tirumangalam Madurai On the brow of the cave locally called Undankal. 2nd-1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi (The) gift of Catan (of) our village. ARE, 285/1963-64, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Vikkiramangalam, No. 5. The gift may be one of the stone-beds found in the cave.

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NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT 1. Elankadu 2. Karantai 3. Kilsattamangalam 4. Kuppattur 5. Mamandur 6. Odalavadi 7. 8. Ponnur Panchapandavamalai 9. Puduppadi 10. Pundi 11. Sakkaramallur 12, Salukki 13. Siyamangalam 14. Tigakkol 15. Tirumalai 16. Vallimalai 17. 18. Vedal 19. Velappadi 20. Vilappakkam Valutalankunam 10

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214 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 278 Village Elankadu Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On the pedestal of the Neminatha bronze image found in the Neminatha temple. Dynasty King Date (A.D. 15th-16th century characters) Tamil Language and Script Contents States that the image belonged to TiruMayilapuri. It also mentions the name Jinasena -acharya. Reference Mukkudai, January, 1975. Remarks It is evident that this image of Neminatha was brought to Elankadu from Mylapore in Madras. Probably, it was installed here by Jinasena-acharya. The image bears stylistic features of the 5th-16th century A.D. The palaeography of the record is also of the same period.

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North Arcot District 215 No. 279 Village Karantai (Tirupanambur) Taluk Cheyyaju District North Arcot Findspot On the inner wall of the gopura, right of entrance in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple. Dynasty Pallava King Nandivarman III Date (846-869 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Three verses in praise of Pallavarkon who fought at Tellagu and imprisoned the Valava (i.e.) the Chola king. Reference ARE, 140/1939-40. Remarks This and the next record (142/1939-40) mention only the political exploits of Nandivarman III and not his contribution to this Jaina temple.

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216 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 280 Village Karantai Taluk Cheyyagu District North Arcot Findspot On the inner wall of the gopura, left of entrance in the same temple. Dynasty Pallava King Nandivarman III Date (846-869 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Verses in praise of the chief mentioned in ARE, 140/1939-40 (i. e., Nandivarman III), who is here called Tribhuvanattirajakkal - Tambiran, and of his encounter with the Chola king. Reference ARE, 142/1939-40.

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North Arcot District 217 No. 281 Village Karantai Taluk Cheyyaju District North Arcot Findspot On the base of the central shrine in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajakasarivarman alias Virarajendra Date 5th regnal year (1068 A.D.) Tamil Language and Scrip Contents Records a sale of land, made tax-free, by three members of the assembly (ur) as tiruvilappuram to the Jaina temple at Karantai, a hamlet of Tirukkamakottapugam. Reference ARE, 129/1939-40. 28

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218 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 282 Village Karantai Taluk Cheyyasu District North Arcot Findspot On the West and south sides of the base of the Vardhamana shrine in the KunthuTirthankara temple. Dynasty Chola King Kulottungachola I Date 45th regnal year (1115 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records sale of land as Pallivil agam by the assembly of Tiruppajambur in Tirukkamakkottapusam situated in Kaliyur nadu, a subdivision of Kaliyur-kottam a district of Jayankondajolamandalam, to the temple of Tirukkatsampalli-alvar in the village. Reference ARE, 135/1939-40. Remarks The presiding deity is called Tirukkatampalli-alyar in this record.

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North Arcot District 219 No. 283 Village Karantai Taluk Cheyyaju District North Arcot Findspot On the inner wall of the gopura, right of entrance in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajarajadeva Date 10th regnal year Tamil Language and Script Contents Records an agreement given by the Kaniyalan of the temple to burn, for 300 kasu received by him, a twilight lamp before the image of Tirumetrisaipperumal in the temple of Virarajendra-perumpalli at Tirukkamakkottam alias Tiruppagambur in Ilankalu, situated in Venkunjakkottam. Reference ARE, 141/1939.40. Remarks Tirupparambur is called Tirukkamakkottam in this record, while some other inscriptions refer to it as a hamlet of Tirukkamakottapugam (See, 129, 135/1939-40).

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220 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 284 Village Karantai Taluk Cheyyasu District North Arcot Findspot On the second wing stone of the steps leading to the mandapa infront of the central shrine in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajarajadeva Date 10th regnal year Tamil Language and Script Contents Records gift of cows by a Vellala of Orgukkadu in Orfukkallu - kogtam, a district of Jayankondasolamandalam, for a perpetual lamp in the Jaina temple. Reference ARE, 132/1939-40.

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North Arcot District No. Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King 285 Date Language and Script Contents Reference Karantai Cheyya gu North Arcot On the wing-stone of steps leading to the mandapa infront of the central shrine in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple. Chola Rajarajadeva 11th regnal year 221 Tamil Gives a list of lamps endowed by the nagarattar of Arumolidevapuram, a nagara in Panaiyur-nadu, a subdivision of Rajarajavalanadu, for burning during the waking ceremony (tiruppalli - yeluchchi) in the Jaina temple of Virarajendrap-perumpalli at Tiruppagambur. ARE, 131/1939-40.

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222 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 286 Village Karantai Taluk Cheyyaju District North Arcot Findspot On the west wall of the prakara near the gopura of the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajarajadeva Date 18th regnal year Tamil Language and Script Contents Tirunilaikilan Fragmentary. Mentions Mallan Puvan of Ilankadu Reference ARE, 139/1939-40. No. 287 Village Karantai Taluk Cheyyaju District North Arcot

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North Arcot District 223 Findspot On the base of the central shrine in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple. Dynasty King Date (A.D. 13th century characters) Tamil Language and Script Contents Beginning lost. Registers gift of sheep for a perpetual lamp in the temple of Arugadevar (Arhat) Virarajendrapperumpalli-Alvar by Tugilikidan-Araiyan Uuaiyan of Pagambur in Kaliyurnadu, a sub-division of Kaliyurkottam. Reference ARE, 130/1939-40. No. 288 Village Karantai Taluk Cheyyaju District North Arcot Findspot On the door-jamb of the entrance in the gopura in the Kunthu-Tirtharkara temple. Dynasty Pallava King Kopperunjinga

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224 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Date (1243-1279 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Three verses in praise of the prowess of the king Kopperunjinga. Reference ARE, 143/1939-40. No. 289 Village Karantai Taluk Cheyyaju District North Arcot Findspot On the west wall of the prakara in the same temple. Dynasty Telugu-Chola King Vijaya Gandagopala Date 20th regnal year (1270 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records gift of three Palavanna - madai (coin) and paddy by Aruvantai Anoal Tiruchchofguttugai Uuaiyar of Ponnur for burning six twilight lamps for a jamam (i.e., 3 hours) in the temple. Reference ARE, 138/1939-40."

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North Arcot District No. 290 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference 29 Karantai Cheyyaru North Arcot On a slab set up infront of the KunthuTirthankara temple. Vijayanagar Krishnadevaraya Saka 1431 (1510 A.D.) 225 Tamil States that owing to the levy of jodi tax on temple lands by Ramappa Nayaka, the Mugappavadai officer of Narasimharaya, many temples became neglected, and that Krishnadevaraya, on the occasion of his accession to the throne, made all the devadana lands sarvamanya including those belonging to the Jaina and Buddhist temples in Padaividu-rajya and Chandragiri-rajya, by which the Jaina temple Virarajendrasolapperumpalli at Karandai was also benefited. ARE, 144/1939-40.

Page #248
226 No. 291 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Karantai Cheyyagu North Arcot Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On a pedestal with marks of two feet cut in relief, set up near the gopura in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple. A.D. 16th century characters. Sanskrit, Grantha An invocation for the undying fame of Samantabhadra, the Sun to the lotus heart (i.e., teacher) of Pushpasena-yogindra. ARE, 145/1939-40. It represents the foot-prints of Samantabhadra, the teacher of Pushpasena - Yogindra.

Page #249
North Arcot District 227 No. 292 Village Karantai Taluk Cheyyaju District North Arcot Findspot On a slab built into the wall of the prakara near the gopura in the KunthuTirthankara temple. Dynasty Vijayanagar King Mahamandalesvara Ramadeva Maharaya Date Saka 1541 (1619 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Incomplete, Records gift of land in Karantai as sarvamanya by Vala (Bala) na gana Nayaka and the tanartar to Kayilayapulavar. (a scholar ?). Reference ARE, 137/1939-40. Remarks Kayilayapulavar may be a Jaina poet, but his works are not known to us.

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228 No. 293 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Karantai Cheyyaru North Arcot On the east base of the Dharmadevi shrine in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple. Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Saka 1669 (1747 A.D.) Tamil Records the renovation in mortar of the shrine of Kunthunathain Munigiri by gopura of the svami - Devarajasvami Agastiyappanayinar. ARE, 136/1939-40. The superstructure of the gopura of the Kunthunatha temple was renovated by one Agastiyappanayinar in 1747 A. D. Karantai was also called Munigiri.

Page #251
North Arcot District 229 No. 294 Village Karantai Taluk Cheyyagu District North Arcot Findspot On a pedestal with a pair of feet in the mandapa of the same temple. Dynasty King Date Sanskrit, Grantha Language and Script Contents Gives the name Munibhadrasvamin. Reference ARE, 134/1939-40. Remarks This denotes that the foot-prints are of Munibhadrasvami. No. 295 Village Karantai Taluk Cheyyagu District North Arco

Page #252
230 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On the pedestal kept inside the mandapa infront of the central shrine in the Kunthu-Tirthan kara temple. Dynasty King Date Tamil Language and Script Contents States that they are the Siddhas whose mouths recite the mantras invoking certain specified sacred names. Reference ARE, 133/1939-40. No. 296 Village Kilsattamangalam Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On a rock locally known as Perumalparai near the Chandranathasvami temple. Dynasty Pallava King Nandivarman II

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North Arcot District 231 231 Date 14th regnal year (745 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the gift of seven kalanju of gold by Ilayarappanandi for feeding the jaina ascetics who were not in the regular establishments of the palli. The gift was entrusted to the villagers who agreed to look after the endowment and pay one ulakku of rice for one kalanju per day. Reference ARE, 219/1968-69, also, M.D. Sampath, "Jaina inscriptions of Sattamangalam", in Seminar on Inscriptions (ed, R. Nagaswamy), 1968, pp. 157-158. Remarks The name of the donor is also read as Andai Ilaiyar pavanandi. See, A.Chakravarti, Jaina Literature in Tamil, (ed. K.V. Ramesh), Appendix-I, p. 147. No. 297 Village Kilsattamangalam Talak Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On the same rock Dynasty Pallava

Page #254
232 King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 298 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Nandivarman II 56th regnal year (787 A.D.) Tamil Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Records the gift of seventeen kalanju (of gold) for providing one ulakku of rice for one kalanju every morning to the Jaina temple by Pundi Muppavai, the daughter of Jinadiyar of Vilukkam. Damaged at the end. ARE, 220/1968-69, M.D. Sampath, op.cit., pp. 158-159. Vilukkam is another Jaina centre in South Arcot district, referred to in an inscription from Chitta mur. Kilsattamangalam Wandiwash North Arcot On the same rock. Pallava Nandivarman II 56th regnal year (787 A.D.)

Page #255
North Arcot District 233 Tamil Language and Script Contents Records an endowment of land probably for the maintenance of a lake by the urar of Sattamangalam and Isamakkal, Reference ARE, 225/1968-69. No. 299 Village Kidsattamangalam Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On the same rock Dynasty Pallava King Kampavarman Date 6th regnal year (876 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that Mandavi, the wife of Kadagatiyanayar, renovated this Jaina temple, caused the mukhamandapa to be built, renovated the palli, built a temple for Yakshabhassari (Yakshi) and gifted a big bell. 30

Page #256
234 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Reference ARE, 221/1968-69, M.D. Sampath, op. cit., p. 159. Remarks The name of the donor seems to be Madavi and her husband's name Kadakatiyaraiyar. A. Chakravarti, op. cit., Appendix, p. 155. No. 300 Village Kilsattamangalam Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On a small rock to the north of the main shrine of the Chandranatha temple. Dynasty Chola King (Parantaka I) Date (907-955 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents It is an inscription of the king 'Madiraikonda Koparakesari' (Parantaka I). Reference M.D. Sampath, op. cit., p. 161. The details of the inscription given by the editor. Remarks are not

Page #257
North Arcot District No. Village Taluk 301 District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 302 Village Taluk District Kilsattamangalam Wandiwash North Arcot On a rock known as Perumalparai. Chola Parthivendravarman 11th regnal year (A. D. 10th century characters) Tamil It refers to the village Sattamangalam as being in Venkungakottam, a subdivision of Vepkunganadu. In A.D. 10th century characters. ARE, 222/1968-69, M.D. Sampath, op. cit., p. 160. Kilsattamangalam 235 Wandiwash North Arcot

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236 Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 303 Village Taluk District On the same rock. Chola Ko-Rajarajakesarivarman (Rajaraja I) 10th regnal year (995 A.D.) Tamil Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu as Records gift of land for a perpetual lamp to be lighted in the jaina temple known Vimala - Sriyaryatirthapalli, by Baladevapidaran, a disciple of Sri Adideva. Sattamangalam is said to be a village in Venkungakottam, a sub-division of Venkunganadu. ARE, 223/1968-69, M.D. Sampath, op. cit., p, 160. In the Annual Report on Epigraphy, the regnal year of the king is given as 13 (223/1968-69), in which case the date should be 998 A.D. Kilsattamangalam Wandiwash North Arcot

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North Arcot District 237 Findspot On the same rock. Dynasty King Date A.D. 11th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Beginning lost and damaged. Seems to record an endowment of land made taxfree for certain food offerings to the deity, Alvar of Vimala Sri Aryatirtha palli. Reference ARE, 224/1968-69. No. 304 Village Kunnattur Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot On the east wall of the Rishabhanatha temple near the ruined Vishnu temple. Dynasty King Date Saka 1363 (1441 A.D.)

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238 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Seems to record the con of the Arhat (Jaina) temple at Kungai (i. e., Kuppattur). Reference ARE, 103/1941-42. No. 305 Village Mamandur Taluk Cheyyaju District North Arcot Findspot On the brow of a boulder in the hill. Dynasty King Kakiman Date 3rd-4th centuries A.D. Language and Script Tamil, Brahmi Contents (The) hill of Kaaiman, (the) Chieftain (who) took Tenur ; Ciqu...van, (the) stone mason, made (this).

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North Arcot District 239 Reference ARE, 171/1939-40, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mamandur, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 288-289. Remarks We are yet to know the history of the chieftain, Kaniman, who took Tenur. The name of the stone mason who modelled the cavern is also read as Calavan. ook Tende. The No. 306 Village Odalavali Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot On the South base of the central shrine in the Jaina temple.. Dynasty Pandya King Tribhuvanachakravarti Kulasakharadava Date 3rd regnal year (1271 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records gift of tax-free land as palsichchandam by Odalan olan Martiyalvar of Odalapadi, after purchasing it from the uravar of the village to the Jaina temple of Nayanar Aniyadalagiyar.

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240 Reference Remarks No. 307 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference ARE, 142/1941-42. The presiding deity of the temple is called Aniyada-alagiyar. It means one who does not wear garment (or, ornaments). Odalavadi Polur North Arcot Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On a broken pillar lying in the street opposite to the Jaina temple. 13th regnal year Tamil Fragmentary. Records a gift by the nattavar of Murugamangalapparru for worship and cloth (tirupparivattam) to the deity. ARE, 144/1941-42.

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North Arcot District 241 No. 308 Village odalavadi Talak Polur District North Arcot Findspot On the north wall of the central shrine in the Arhat temple. Dynasty Vijayanagar Virakampana Udaiyar King Date (1358-1374 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Stops after mentioning the name of the king. Reference ARE, 143/1941-42. No. 309 Village Panchapapdavamalai (Tiruppanmalai) Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot 31

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242 Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 310 Village Taluk District On the front face of the rock which overhangs a natural cave. Pallava Nandipottarasar (Nandivarman II) 50th regnal year (781 A.D.) Tamil Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu States that the images of a Yakshi named Ponniyakkiyar and a saint Naganandin (which are preserved to the present day) were cut out of the rock by Naranan, the son of Maruttuvar of Pugala laimangalam. ARE, 10/1895, Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, pp. 136-137. Naganandi seems to be the Jaina preceptor of the place. Ponniyakkiyar may be identified with Siddhayika, the Yakshi of Mahavira. P. B. Desai, Jainism in South India, p. 40 Panchapandavamalai (Tiruppanmalai) Wandiwash North Arcot

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North Arcot District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 311 Village Taluk District On the western face of the rock which overhangs the natural cave. Chola Rajarajakesarivarman (Rajaraja I) 8th regnal year (993 A.D.) Tamil Records that a gift was made to the god of Tiruppanmalai on the hill by a certain Latarajavirachola who seems to have been a vassal of Rajaraja I. It also mentions Tiruppanmalai as a place situated in Peruntimirinadu which was a sub-division of Padavurkottam. ARE, 19/1890, Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, pp. 137-140. 243 Tiruppanmalaidevar of this inscription must be the seated Jaina image carved on the same rock, bearing the epigraph. P. B. Desai, op. cit., pp. 39-40. Ponnur Wandiwash North Arcot

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244 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On the east base of the mahamandapa infront of the central shrine in the A dinatha temple, Dynasty Pa ndya King Masavarman alias Vikrama Pandya Date 7th regnal year (1256 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that the nattavar of Vidalpartu assigned the taxes payable by those settling in the palli-vilagam of Adinatha, to provide for worship and repairs. Reference ARE, 415/1928-29. No. 312 Village Ponnur Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On a beam of the mahamandapa infront of the central shrine in the Adinatha temple. Dynasty Vijayanagar Saluva Narasimhadava King Date (1452-1492 A.D.)

Page #267
North Arcot District 245 Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragment. Mentions the temple of Kanakamalai-alvar at Ponnur. Reference ARE, 417/1928-29. No. 313 Village Ponnur Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On a beam of the mahamandapa infront of the central shrine in the Adinatha temple. Dynasty King Date Saka 1655 (1733 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents States that 'the Jains of the SvarnapuraKanakagiri should take the images of Parsvanatha and Jva lamalini-amman from the temple of Adisvara every Sunday to Nilagiriparvata, situated to the north-west of the temple, at the time of the weekly worship of Helacharya,

Page #268
246 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Reference ARE, 416/1928-29, Epi. Ind., Vol. XXIX, p. 199 ff. Remarks Svarnapura is the Sanskrit name of Ponnur, and Kanakagiri is the low mound on which the Adinatha temple is situated. The temple has a number of icons representing Tirthankaras and Yakshis, of which Jvalamalini is the most important. It is believed that Helacharya was a renowned monk of the Dravida-gana and a native of Hemagrama (Ponnur). The Nilagiri hill, the habitat of the goddess, is situated to the north-west of Adinatha temple and contains the sacred feet of Helacharya carved on the top of it. ARE, 1928-29, pt. II, para, 74. No. 314 Village Ponnur Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On a slab fixed near the chavadi in the village. Dynasty King Date

Page #269
North Arcot District 247 Language and Script Sanskrit, Grantha Contents Contains some mystic symbols invoking the protection of Parsva-Tirthankara. Reference ARE, 418/1928-29. No. 315 Village Puduppadi Taluk Walajapet District North Arcot Findspot On a stone kept in the Public Works department bungalow. Dynasty King Date A.D. 11th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents A short label inscription mentioning SvastiSri Iravikulamanikka perumpalli. Reference ARE, 255/1906.

Page #270
248 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 316 Village Pundi Taluk Arapi District North Arcot Findspot On the west wall of the Jaina temple of Ponninatha. Dynasty Sambhuvaraya King (Viravira Sambhuvaraya) Date (A.D. 13th-14th century characters) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the building of a Jaina temple called Viravirajinalaya, named after the chieftain, and the gift of a village to it. The lands belonging to the temple were marked with 'Kundihaikal'. Pundi is stated to be a village in Meyyurnadu in Palkunsakkottam. Reference ARE, 58/1900, SII., Vol. VII, No. 62. Remarks Kundihaikal means boundary stones marked with a Kamandala (water pot).

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North Arcot District 249 No. 317 Village Sakkaramallur "Taluk Walajapet District North Arcot Findspot On the north wall of the central shrine in the Tirukkandisvara (Siva) temple. Dynasty King Date Saka 1683 (1761 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Registers a sale of land by the Mudalimar of Chakramudur to Pushpanatha Nayinar and to Agasthiyappa Nayinar, son of Kuntiyappa (Nayinar), two Jaina residents of Tiruppasambur for 405 ChennapattanaVarahan. Reference ARE, 25/1940-41. Remarks The record, though found in the Siva temple, mentions the names of two Jains of Tiruppagambur (Karantai). A Chola inscription (ARE, 33/1940-41) from the same Siva temple refers to some pallichchandam land, made tax - free. Hence, a Jaina temple should have been there either at Sakkaramallur or nearby. The ancient name of the village was Chakramudur.

Page #272
250 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 318 Village Salukki Taluk Wandiwash District : North Arcot Findspot On the south wall of the central shrine in the Visnu temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajendra Chola I Date 8th regnal year (1020 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents States that Pondi-Muratpuli of Venkungakkottam consecrated the images of Cholakerala-Vinnagar Emperuman (Visnu) of the western temple, Manukulamadevisvaramudaiyar (Siva) of Srikailasam temple, Virakeralaperumpalli, Uttaradevi and Ambalanangai (Durga) as a protection of the city (Salukki) and made provisions for worship etc., in the first two temples and also made gifts of land to all these temples by assigning the villages of Egumbur, Kugumbur, Viraperumbakkam and Ilappai. The servants required for these temples were also given house sites. Reference ARE, 474/1920, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 123.

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North Arcot District Remarks No. 319 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference The donor had generously endowed to the temples of the Hindu and Jaina sects. The Jaina palli of this locality was called Virakeralaperumpalli. Siyamangalam Wandiwash North Arcot 251 In a cave on the top of the hill. Western Ganga Rajamalla II Saka 815 (892-93 A.D.) Sanskrit, Grantha The inscription is partly in prose and partly in poetry. The first part states that the arunkal-anvaya (the school of the monks) belonged to the Nandisangha of Jinendrasangha. The second part records that the king Rajamalla founded two temples for Jinaraja at Vidyadri. P. Venkatesan, "Two Jaina Inscriptions from Siyamangalam", Journal of the Epigraphical Society of India, Vol. II, 1984, pp. 21-23.

Page #274
252 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Remarks Vidyadri appears to be the ancient name of the hill on which the inscription is incised. Ibid., p. 22. No. 320 Village Siyamangalam Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On a rock at the foot of the hill. Dynasty King Date A.D. 10th century characters Language and Script Sanskrit and Tamil, Grantha Contents This epigraph is also in prose and poetry. The Sanskrit portion begins with an exaltation to the arunga!-anvaya, belonging to the Nandisangha of Dravi dasargha. The Tamil portion records that VajranandiYogindrar who was the mandalacharya of the arungal anyaya, caused to be constructed a flight of steps. Reference ARE, 227-A/1901, SII, Vol. VII, No. 441.

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North Arcot District No. Village Taluk 321 District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Tigakkol Wandiwash North Arcot On the east face of the boulder containing Jaina images. Chola Parakesarivarman 3rd regnal year (A.D. 10th century characters) 253 Tamil Damaged. Registers a gift of sheep for ghee to the Jaina palli at Tandapuram in Ponnur-nadu, a subdivision of Venkungakkottam, by Eranandi alias NaratongaPallavaraiyan who was a native of Nelvelinadu, a sub-division of Tenkarai Panaiyurnadu in Solamandalam. ARE, 276/1916, SII, Vol. XIX, No. 51.

Page #276
254 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 322 Village Tirakkol Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On a rock to the east of the boulder containing Jaina images. Dynasty Chola King Parakesarivarman Date 12th regnal year (A. D. 10th century characters) Tamil Language and Script Contents Registers a gift of paddy to KanakaviraSittadigal. Mentions Sembiyan Sembottiladana, son of Videlviaugu Sembottila danar alias Gunaperumanar. Reference ARE, 279/1916, SII, Vol. XIX, No. 301.

Page #277
North Arcot District 253 No. 323 Village Tigakkol Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On the west face of a boulder containing Jaina images. Dynasty King Date Lomba seript Language and Script Tamil Contents Much damaged. Registers a gift of gold for a lamp. Reference ARE, 278/1916. Remarks Apparently, the gift was made for a lamp to be lighted before the image of the Tirthankara carved on the rock.

Page #278
256 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 324 Village Tigakkol Talak Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On the west face of the boulder containing Jaina images. Dynasty Chola King Rajakesarivarman (Rajaraja I) Date 22nd regnal year (1007 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Much damaged. It seems to record an endowment, the nature of which is not clear, to a Jaina shrine called Gargasurapperumpalli at Rajakesaripuram by Sri Gargaraiyan. It also mentions another shrine called Maisuttapperumpalli in the same place and a pallichchandam land situated in Tiruvidaikkali. Reference ARE, 277/1916, SII, Vol. XIII, No. 297. Remarks The Rajakesari of this epigraph may be identified with Rajaraja I,

Page #279
North Arcot District 257 No. 325 Village Tigakkol Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On the base of the Vardhamana temple. Dynasty Pallava King Kopperunjingadava Date 3rd regnal year (1246 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the grant of a pallichchandam village, tax-free as in the previous years, to a certain Vrati-Udaranasva mideva, the disciple of Talayariavamin, and his pandits. Reference South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 124. No. 326 Village Tigakko1 Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot 33

Page #280
258 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On two pillars in the mandapa infront of the Vardhamana temple. Dynasty King Date Tamil Language and Script Contents States that the pillars were the gift of one Idaiyagan Atkondan Maviran of Arumolidevapuram. Reference ARE, 280/1916. No. 327 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot On two broken stone slabs found in the Jaina temple. Dynasty King Date Saka 803 (881 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script

Page #281
North Arcot District 259 Contents Fragmentary. Seems to record a gift of gold to the Jaina temple at VaigavurTirumalai situated in Pankalanadu. The bhataras of the temple agreed to protect the grant. Reference R. Poongunran, "New inscriptions from Tirumalai", Kalvetsu, 1975, No. 6, p. 32. No. 328 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot By the side of a rock to the left of the painted cave. Dynasty Chola King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Records some gift to the temple by Nikuntamachchadaiyan (Nirgantamasadaiyan) for the merit of his father, Vikkadi Araiyar. It is also said that Nirkuntamachchadaiyan's daughter was Ladamahadavi and her husband was Mummudichola.

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260 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Reference R. Poongunran, "New Tirumalai", Kalvetlu, pp. 31-32. Inscriptions from 1975, No. 6, No. 329 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot By the side of a rock to the left of the painted cave. Dynasty Rashtrakuta King Kannaradeva (Krishna III) Date 14th regnal year (953 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. The inscription stops after mentioning the name and regnal year of the king Kannaradeva. Reference R. Poongunran, "New Tirumalai", Kalvellu, pp. 30-31. inscriptions from 1975, No. 6,

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North Arcot District 261 No. 330 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot On a rock to the left of the painted cave. Dynasty Rashtraku ta King Kannaradeva (Krishna III) Date 19th regnal year (958 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents The introductory part of the record states that the king took Kachchi and Tanjai. Records gift of a lamp to be burnt before the Yaksha on the Tirumalai hill at Vaigavur by Perfal Nangaiyar, a maid servant of Gangamadevi, the queen of Kannaradeva Pridigangaraiyar. Reference ARE, 65/1907, SII, Vol. XXIII, No. 65. Remarks Kannaradeva Pridigangaraiyar is the same as Hastimalla who figures in an inscription (ARE, 346/1901) from Solapuram.

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262 No. 331 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Tirumalai Polur North Arcot On a boulder within the prakara of the Chandraprabha temple. Chola Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadi Madiraikonda Chola Parantaka II) 6th regnal year (961-62 A.D.) Tamil Ko-Rajakesari (Sundara It refers to the Miladu chief NattadigalSiddhavadavan and his wife EkaviranDanmasankadiyar, daughter of NadalvarIlankonadigal. This chief may be identified with Nattan Siddhavadavan alias Narasimhan alias Saktinatha belonging to the Sukra lineage. L.K. Srinivasan, "Recently discovered inscriptions from Tirumalai", Paper presented to the Fourth Annual Congress of the Epigraphical Society of India, (Summaries of papers) Madras, 1978.

Page #285
North Arcot District 263 No. 332 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot On a boulder within the prakara of the Chandraprabha temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajaraja I Date (985-1014 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents It mentions one Kanakanandiaraiyar, pupil of Nattahadeva. The place Vaigaimalai referred to in the record is idential with Vaigavur, presently known as Tirumalai. Reference L.K. Srinivasan, op. cit., 1978. No. 333 Village Tirumalai Talak Polur District North Arcot Findspot On a buried rock in front of the gopura at the base of the hill.

Page #286
264 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Dynasty Chola Rajakesarivarman Rajaraja I King Date 21st regnal year (1006 A.D.) Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Language and Script Contents The inscription begins with the historical introduction of Rajaraja. Records that a certain Gusaviramunivar built a sluice called after a Jaina teacher Ganicekharamaruporchuriyan, the pure master who is said to have been skilled in the elegant arts. Reference ARE, 82/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 66. No. 334 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot On a rock between the gopura and the painted cave. Dynasty Chola King Rajendra Choladeva I Date i2th regnal year (1024 A.D.)

Page #287
North Arcot District 265 Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Language and Script Contents It records the gift of a lamp by Ilayamanimangai to the god of the Tirumalai temple, who seems to have been called Arambanandin, and alloted 60 kasu for the maintenance of this lamp and another lamp, which had been given by Sinnavai, the queen of the Pallava king. Reference ARE, 81/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 68. Remarks The Pallava king and his queen Sinnavai remain unidentified. No. 335 Village Tirumalai Taluk Pojur District North Arcot Findspot On a piece of rock at the top of the hill. Dynasty Chola King Rajendra Chola I Date 12th regnal year (1024 A.D.) Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Language and Script 34

Page #288
266 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Contents The inscription opens with a long list of countries which the king had conquered. It records gift of money for a lamp and offerings to the Kundavai Jinalaya on the hill by Chamundappai, the wife of Nannappayan, a merchant of Malliyur in Karaivali, a subdivision of Perumbanappaai. The Jaina temple was situated in the palsichchandam of Vaigavur in Mugainalu in Pangalanadu, a sub-division of Jayankonga Cholamandalam. Reference ARE, 80/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 67, Epi. Ind., Vol. IX, No. 31, pp. 229-233 Remarks The Jaina temple on the hill at Tirumalai was evidently founded by Kundavai, the King's aunt, and therefore came to be called Kundavai Jinalaya. No. 336 Village Tirumalai Talak Polur District North Arcot Findspot On nine detached stones lying in the courtyard of the Sikhamaninatha temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajendra I

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North Arcot District Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 337 Village Taluk District (1035 A.D.) Tamil Fragments of records. One of them contains 23rd regnal year of a king whose name is not known. Since these are fragments and very much obliterated, their details can not be had. ARE, 68/1907. The object of the record seems to be the grant of exemption from taxes on a land belonging to the Jaina temple at Tirumalai in consideration of a lump sum payment of money. The names of several persons, probably of officers of the tax department, are also given. The designations of two of these viz., Brahmarayar Jananathanar alias Rajendrasola Brahmarayar and Rajendrasola-Va(padara yar) seem to indicate that the king should be Rajendra Chola I. SII, Vol. XXIII, No. 68. Tirumalai 267 Polur North Arcot

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268 Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On the rock to the left of the painted cave. Chola Parakesarivarman A.D. 11th century characters Tamil Records gift of gold for the daily offerings to pallialvar (Tirthankara) and for feeding one ascetic (adigal) in the palli on the Tirumalai hill at Vaigavur in Pangalanadu, a sub-division of Palkungakkottam, by Virchevagan Pidaran Buttugan and Vigchamanayakan Chandayan Ayiravan belonging respectively to Irumadisola-Karuna dagaKaduttalai and Madhurantaka KarunadagaKaduttalai, two regiments of the king. ARE, 66/1907, SII, Vol. III, No. 97. The two personal names Buttuga and Chandaya as also the names of the two regiments to which they belonged, suggest that the donors hailed from Karnataka. It becomes clear that the Jaina temple of Tirumalai was of widely acknowledged sanctity. A. Chakravarti, op.cit., Appendix, I, No. 79, p. 197.

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North Arcot District 269 No. 338 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot On the outerwall of the door-way which leads to the painted cave. Dynasty Adiyaman King Vidukadalagiya Perumal Date A.D. 11th century characters Tamil, Tamil and Grantha. Language and Script Contents The king Vidukadalagiya Perumal (Vyamuktasravanajvala) is said to be the Adiyaman of the Chera race and lord of Takata (Tagad ur). He was the son of Rajaraja and descendant of Yavanika, King of Kerala or Elini, king of Vanji. The inscription records the repair of the images of a Yaksha and Yakshi, the presentation of a gong and the construction of a canal. The images of the Yaksha and Yakshi were formerly set up by Elini, the lord of the race of the kings of Vanji. The Tirumalai hill is called Arhasugiri (the excellent mountain of the Arhat) and Engunavirai Tirumalai (in Tamil).

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270 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Reference ARE, 90 and 91/1887, SII, Vol. I, Nos. 75 and 76. Remarks Inscription No. 76 (SII,Vol. 1) (ARE,91/1887) is a Sanskrit verse, which is a duplicate of that occurring in No. 75. The record reveals that the chieftain belonged to the Adiyaman family of Tagacur which had some connection with the Cheras of Vanji. No. 339 Village Tirumalai Taluk Pojur District North Arcot Findspot On a rock boulder within the prakara of the Chandraprabha temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajendra Choladava II. Date 10th regnal year (1062 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script

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North Arcot District 271 Contents It records an agreement by the Chitrameli. Periyanattar. an agricultural guild, to contribute the kadamai from the pisanam in terms of a specified quantity of paddy per one veli of land to be measured by Arulmolidevanmarakkal to the donee (details lost). The devadana and pallichchandam lands in the village are to remain as per the old agreement. Reference L. K. Srinivasan, op. cit., Madras, 1978. No. 340 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot On the outer wall of the door-way wbich leads to the painted cave, left side, Dynasty Chola King Rajarajadeva III Date 20th regnal year (1236 A.D.) Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Language and Script

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272 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Contents Records gift of the village, Rajagambhiranallur, situated in the middle of Pangalanadu, a sub-division of Palkunrakottam, by Rajagambhira Sambhuvarayan alias Attimallan-Sambhukula Perumal to one Andangas Pangalarayar of Viranpakkam in Tamanurnadu. Reference ARE, 89/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 14. Remarks The donor was one of the Sambhuvaraya chieftains who served as feudatories under the Cholas. The village gifted was evidently named after the chieftain. No. 341 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot Inside the gopura of the temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajara jadeva III Date (1216-1246 A.D.) Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Language and Script

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North Arcot District 273 Contents Fragmentary. It seems to register some gift by a certain Kannancholakon to the temple. The nature of the endowment and other details connected with it are lost. Reference ARE, 83/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 141. No. 342 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot To the left of the entrance mandapa at the base of the hill. into the Dynasty Pandya King Magavarman Virapandyadeva I Date 10th regnal year (1344 A.D.) Language and Script Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Contents Records that Ambalapperumal alias Jinatharaiyan, the headman of Papdaiyurmangalam in Tirumunaippalinadu in RajarajaValanalu, built a sluice for a tank at Vaigai Tirumalai. Reference ARE, 84/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 69. 35

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274 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 343 Village Tirumalai Taluk Pojur District North Arcot Findspot into the To the right of the entrance mandapa at the base of the hill. Dynasty Sambhuvarayas King Rajanarayana sambhuvaraya Date 12th regnal year (1349 A.D.) Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Language and Script Contents Records that Nallattal, the daughter of Mannai Ponnandai, a resident of Ponnur, set up the image of Viharanayandr - Ponneyil. nathar (Arhan) at Vaigai Tirumalai. Reference ARE, 85/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 70 No. 344 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot

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North Arcot District 275 Findspot On the walls of the mandapa at the foot of the hill. Dynasty Vijayanagar King Ommana Udaiyar Date Saka 1296 (1374 A.D.) Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Language and Script Contents In the introductory part of the record, the king is said to be the son of KampanaUdaiyar (II) and grandson of Virakampana. The inscription is a receipt for the cost of some land, which a certain VishnukambuliNayaka bought from the villagers of Sambukulapperumal-agaram or RajagambhiraChaturvedimangalam in Murumangalaparru in Mandikulanalu in Palkungakottam in Jayankondasolamandalam. Reference ARE, 87/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 72. Remarks The last four lines, which consist of signatures, have not been transcribed, as they are somewhat obliterated. The following are the readable names of villages, which occur at the beginning of the different signatures : Kumandur. Murugappadi, Periyakatteri and Vangipuram. SII, Vol. I, No. 72, pp. 102-104.

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276 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 345 Village Tirumalai Tajuk Polur District North Arcot Findspot On a boulder in the tank at Tirumalai. Dynasty Vijayanagar King Virapratapa Devaraya II Date (1445 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents The record seems to register some gift to provide for the removal of silt in certain tanks. Reference ARE, 69/1907. Remarks The cyclic year Krodhana in this record corresponds to saka 1367 (1445 A.D). It records a decision by Tipparaisa Nayakkar, the agent of the king, the tanatrar and the Mahesvaras and also the residents of Padaividu, setting apart the money received as income from the fishing lease in the tank [erippasi (?)] from four specified tanks in the tirundmattukani of Tirumalai, for removing the silt and deepening those tanks every year, and the amount of Vasalkul ippanam (?) from the palsichchandam to deepen another tank. SII., Vol. XXIII, No. 69.

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North Arcot District 277 No. 346 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot On a pillar setup infront of the Sikhamaninatha temple at Tirumalai. Dynasty Vijayanagar King Mallikarjuna Date Saka 1373 (1452 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents The record is very much damaged. The king is said to have witnessed the elephant hunt. It records a gift of 19 pon and 3 panam by a dandandyaka (name not clear) of the king, for the expenses of worship and offerings to the deity Vallabha Perumal (?) in the (Jaina) temple at Tirumalai in Mannaikkula-nalu, a sub-division of Murugamangalapparnu in Palkungakottam of Jayarkondasolamandalam, for the merit of his overlord. Reference ARE, 67/1907, SII, Vol. XXUI, No. 67. Remarks In the Annual Report on Epigraphy (67/ 1907), the king is identified with Davaraya II.

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278 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 347 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot Findspot On the walls of the mandapa at the base of the hill. To the right of the entrance. Dynasty King Date Language and Script Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Contents Records gift of a well for the merit of one Sigginangai by the eldest son of Idaiyaganappan, an inhabitant of Arulmolidevarpuram. Reference ARE, 86/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 71. No. 348 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot

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North Arcot District 279 Findspot In a small shrine below the painted cave. Dynasty King Date Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Language and Script Contents Records that one Arishtanemiacharya of Kadaikottur, a pupil of Paravadimalla of Tirumalai, caused the image of a Yakshi to be made. Reference ARE, 81/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 73. Remarks A Jaina teacher by the name Paravadimalla, who was a contemporary of the king Krishoaraja, is mentioned in an inscription from Sravanabelgola. SII, Vol. I, p. 105, f.n. 1. No. 349 Village Tirumalai Taluk Polur District North Arcot

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280 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot Inside the door way, leading to the painted cave. Dynasty King Date Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Language and Script Contents Records that Kanya......, the son of AmbarUdaiyan Ayan, constructed a sluice to raise the water in the Kadapperi tank. Reference ARE, 92/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 77, No. 350 Village Vallimalai Taluk Guliyattam District North Arcot Findspot On the rock containing Jaina images. Dynasty Western Gaiga King Rajamalla II Date (877-907 A.D.) Kanarese, Grantha Language and Script

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North Arcot District 281 Contents Records the foundation of the Jaina shrine. in which the inscription is engraved, by the king Rajamalla, the son of Ranavikrama, grandson of Sri Purusha, and greatgrandson of Sivamara. Reference ARE, 91/1889. Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, No. 15-A, pp. 140-141. Remarks This inscription gives the list of names of the Western Ganga kings of Talakad, whose influence was felt on the border areas of Tamilnadu in the early medieval times. The Jaina shrine founded by Rajamalla is the two group of sculptures representing Tirthankaras, Yakshas and Yakshis, carved on the face of the rock, which could have been provided with some sort of shelter so as to form a front mandapa in those days. No. 351 Village Vallimalai Taluk Guliyattam District North Arcot Findspot On the same rock containing Jaina images. Dynasty Western Ganga King Rajamalla 11 36

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282 Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 352 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents (877-907 A.D.) Kanarese, Grantha It is a better copy of the previous record (ARE, 91/1889), mentioning the founding of a shrine by Rajamalla, the son of Ranavikrama, grandson of Sripurusha and greatgrandson of Sivamara. ARE, 6/1895. Vallimalai Gudiyattam Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu North Arcot On the same rock containing Jaina images. Bana Banaraya Kanarese, Grantha Records the setting up of the image of Devasena, the pupil of Bhavanandin and the spiritual preceptor of the king Banaraya.

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North Arcot District 283 Reference ARE, 7/1895, Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, No. 15-C, p. 141. No. 353 Village Vallimalai Taluk Guliyattam District North Arcot Findspot Below the second image from the left on the same rock. Dynasty King Date (12th century A.D.) Kanarese Language and Script Contents The short inscription records that the image, below which it is engraved, was founded by the Jaina preceptor Aryanandin. Reference ARE, 8/1895, Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, No. 15-B, p. 141.

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284 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 354 Village Vallimalai Taluk Gudiyattam District North Arcot Findspot Below another image on the same rock. Dynasty King Date (12th century A.D.) Language and Script Kanarese, Grantha Contents Records that the image, below which the inscription is engraved, represents the Jaina preceptor Govardhana, and it was caused to be made by the preceptor Aryanandin, who was the pupil of Balachandrabhatara. Reference ARE, 9/1895, Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, No. 15-D, p. 142. Remarks The names of Aryanandin and Balachandradeva also find place in a Kanarese inscription of the 12th century A.D. at Kilakuyilkudi in Madurai district. (ARE, 244/1950-51). Hence, the present record may also be assigned to the 12th century A.D. The occurence of Kanarese inscriptions at Vallimalai shows the influence of the Jaina sect from Karnataka in medieval times.

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North Arcot District 285 No. 355 Village Valutalankunam Taluk Tiruvaqnamalai District North Arcot Findspot Below the image of a Tirthankara carved on a rock. Dynasty King Date A.D. 13th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that the stone image of the deity Marutuprasugaidevar in the pali (palli) at Mentaraiyur was renovated with mortar. Reference Information given by Pulavar S. Kuppuswamy, Bahur, Pondicherry. Remarks There are a number of rock-cut beds in the caves on the hill. Some of the boulders on the slope of the hill contain relief sculptures of Tirthankaras flanked by attendants. The image of the deity referred to in the inscription is the same as the Tirtharkara figure carved on the rock. It was renovated with a plaster coating. Mentaraiyur was the old name of the place.

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286 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 356 Village Vedal Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On a boulder near the natural cave known as Andar-madam. Dynasty Pallava King Nandivarman II Date 14th regnal year (745 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Mentions Vidal and Vidar-palli, probably the Jaina temple at Vidal. Reference ARE, 82/1908. No. 357 Village Vedal Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On a second boulder infront of the natural cave.

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North Arcot District 287 Dynasty Chola King Rajakesarivarman (Aditya I) Date 14th regnal year (885 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that a dispute having arisen between Kanakavirakurattiyar, a female disciple of Gunakirti - bhatara of Vidal alias Madevi - Arandimangalam and her 500 lady pupils on the one and a group of 400 nuns on the other, the inhabitants of the locality who were the lay disciples of the school to which Kanakavirakurattiyar belonged, undertook to feed her and her lady pupils. Vinal is stated to be in the Singapuranadu division. Reference ARE, 84/1908, SII, Vol. III, No. 92. Remarks This record brings to light the fact that a palli exclusively for the nuns existed at Vidal, It seems to be a unique establishment with more than 900 resident nuns. The cause for the dispute between the two groups of nuns and how it was amicably settled are not recorded in this epigraph.

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288 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 358 Village Vedal Taluk Wandiwash District North Arcot Findspot On the same boulder infront of the natural cave. Dynasty King Date Tamil Language and Script Contents A damaged record. Mentions the name of the place as Madevi Arandimangalam. Reference ARE, 83/1908. No. 359 Village Velappadi Taluk Vellore District North Arcot Findspot On a rock at the top of the Bavaji (Bhagavati) hill near Vellore.

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North Arcot District 289 Dynasty Rashtrakuta King Krishna III Date 26th regnal year (966 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that Nulamban Tribhuvanaviran alias Sri Pallavamurari granted Velurpali to the temple of Pannapesvara on the top of the hill of Sudaduparaimalai, which was situated in the north of Pangalanadu in Padavurkottam. The temple was caused to be erected on the hill by one Pannappai. (Besides the present Tamil inscription, five obliterated Telugu inscriptions are found on the top of the Bavaji hill. Four of them mention a certain Nallaguruvayya; one of these four inscriptions is dated in saka 1539). Reference ARE, 10/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 51, Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, pp. 81--83. Remarks The temple built by Pannappai on the Sudaduparaimalai (Bhagavati hill) was called Pannapesvaram. It should have been dedicated to Paravanatha who bears the name Pannahesvara. The hill has a number of rock-cut beds, a pair of huge padas and a ruined brick temple containing an image of a Tirthankara. 37

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290 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 360 Village Velappadi Taluk Vellore District North Arcot Findspot On the rock surface near the Jaina padas in the Bhagavati hill. Dynasty King Date A.D. 13th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. It is a single line inscription referring to Yaksha. The other part of the epigraph is obliterated. Reference A. Ekambaranathan, "Jaina Vestiges in Bhagavati hill", Nallaram, Jan-Feb., 1976, p. 5. No. 361 Village Vilappakkam Taluk Walajapet District North Arcot

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North Arcot District 291 Findspot On a slab lying infront of the Naganathes. vara temple. Dynasty Chola King Parantaka I Date 38th regnal year (945 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the sinking of a well by Pattinikurattigal, the female disciple of Arishtanemipilarar of Tiruppanmalai (ie., Panchapandavamalai), the preceptor of the local Jains. Mention is made that "the twentyfour of the village' undertook to protect the endowment. Vilappakam is said to be a village in Peruntimirinadu, a sub-division of Padavurkottam. Reference ARE, 53/1900, SII, Vol. VII, No. 56. Remarks The twentyfour of the village' means probably a committee consisting of twentyfour people of the village. Similar term also occurs in the Karuppan kungu (Chengalpattu district) inscription.

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PASUMPON MUTHURAMALINGAM DISTRICT 1. Kunpakkugi No. 362 Village Kunnakkudi Taluk Tiruppattur District Pasumpon Muthuramalingam Findspot On the inner side of the brow of the rock overhanging the cavern. Dynasty King

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Pasumpon... ... District 293 Date 3rd-4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Reads : Atancattan of ... piur. Reference ARE, 44/1909, 1. Mahadevan, op.cit., Kunnakkudi, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 285-287. Remarks This short inscription is written not only upside down, but also in the reverse form. One may find that the top portion of the letters is at the bottom while their base is at the top. Further, the letters are incised reverse as found in the matrix of a seal. The name of the place referred to in the record seems to be 'Upiur'. Possibly, Atan Cattan was the resident of the cavern. T.V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 286. No. 363 Village Kunnakkudi Taluk Tiruppattur District Pasumpon Muthuramalingam

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294 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot In a cavern on the hill. Dynasty King Date 3rd-4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents A fragment. Reads. given by .... Reference 1. Mahadevan, op. cit., Kunnakkuli, No. 2. Remarks It means that the stone bed was caused to be given by a person whose name is lost.

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No. 364 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date 1. Arachchalur 2. Tingalur 3. Vijayamangalam PERIYAR DISTRICT Language and Script Arachchalur Erode Periyar On a rock-cut bed in a Na gamalai range. 3rd 4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi - 12 cavern in the

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296 Contents Reference No. 365 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Tevan Cattan, a lapidary (dealing in precious stones), caused to be made these seven beds. Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu ARE, 280/1961-62, I. Mahadevan, "Corpus of the TamilBrahmi inscriptions" in Seminar on Inscriptions (ed. R. Nagasamy), Arachchalur, No. 1, T.V. Mahalingam, Early South Indian Palaeography, pp. 290-298. Arachchalur Erode Periyar On another bed in the same place, to the left of the previous inscription. 3rd 4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi A symmetrical bandha of five letters in each line, made up of three aksharas ta, ti and te. Purport not known. ARE, 281/1961-62, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Arachchalur, No. 2. Seems to have some connection with musical notes.

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Periyar District 297 No. 366 Village Arachchalur Taluk Erode District Periyar Findspot To the right of the previous record. Dynasty King Date 3rd - 4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents A symmetrical bandha of five letters in each line, made up of three aksharas ki, ta and ti. Perhaps a play on the word kitti (Sanskritkirti), a personal name. Reference ARE, 282/1961-62, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Ajachchalur, No. 3. No. 367 Village Tingalur Taluk Erode District Periyar 38

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298 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On the door post of the kitchen in the Pushpanatha Jaina temple. Dynasty Kongu-Chola King Vikramacholadava Date 40th regnal year, Saka 967 (1045 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records building of the mukhamandapa of the temple, which is called Sandiravasadi. The king has the epithet Konattan. Reference ARE, 614/1905, Epi., Ind, Vol. 30, pp. 243-249. Remarks T. N. Subramaniam thinks that the inscription had not been correctly read by the Government Epigraphist. He states that the Pushpanatha temple was called Chandravasadi and the newly built mukhamandapa was known as Singal antakan Pudu-mukhamandapa. It is also said that the mandapa was erected by Nanakaaita Manikka Chetti, the grandson of Agattulande van. South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 256. Singalantakan was one of the titles of the Chola king Rajaraja I, and probably it was bestowed on Vikramachola, the Kongu ruler, by bim. It might also be that VikramaChola was engaged in the Ceylon expedition of Rajaraja I. Epi. Ind., Vol. 30, p. 249.

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Periyar District 299 No. 368 Village Tingalur Taluk Erode District Periyar Findspot In the sannidhi of the shrine of the Pushpanatha temple. Dynasty Hoysala King Vira Vallaladeva (Ballala III) Date ( 1291-1342 A.D. ] Tamil Language and Script Contents The record contains details such as the ycar Plavanga, month Tai etc., but the regnal year is not given. It registers gift of the village Agigaoinallur to meet the expenses of the worship, tbrice every day, to the deity Nayanar Pumendira (Pushpanatha). Reference South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 258.

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300 No. 369 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 370 Village Taluk District Findspot Tingalur Erode Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Periyar In the same place. Tamil This short inscription, the text of which is very corrupt, seems to record that it was the gift of some person whose name is not easy to read. South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 257. Vijayamangalam Erode Periyar On the east face of a pillar in the mandapa of the Chandranatha temple.

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Periyar District Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 371 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty (Ganga) A.D. 10th century characters Tamil, Tamil and Grantha Records that this stone commemorates the nisidika (death by starvation) of Pullappai, the younger sister of Chamundaraja. ARE, 597/1905, Epi. Ind., Vol. VII, p. 108 ff. 301 Chamundaraja may be the same as the minister of the Ganga king Rajamalla IV, who is said to have set up the stupendous monolithic image of Gommatesvara at Sravanabelgola. Epi. Ind., Vol. VII, p. 108. Vijayamangalam Erode Periyar On the north and west faces of a pillar in the mandapa of the Chandranatha temple. Kongu-Chola

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302 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu King Rajakesarivarman alias Kulottungacholadeva Date Saka 1085 (1163 A.D.) 14th regnal year. Tamil Language and Script Contents Records gift of some land, made tax-free, for offerings to the deity Alvar in the Virasanghatapperumpalli at Vijayamangalam. Reference ARE, 598/1905. No. 372 Village Vijayamangalam Taluk Erode District Findspot Periyar On the door-post of the eastern entrance into the same mandapa, left side. Dynasty King Date 46th regnal year, Saka 1189 (1267 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents The inscription is mutilated and the name of the king is lost. Registers the gift of the door-post by Tiruvanaikkavudaiyan Sokkan, the leader of the Vellalan regiment, stationed at Vijayamangalam in Kuguppunalu.

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Periyar District 303 Reference ARE, 600/1905, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 276. No. 373 Village Vijayamangalam Taluk Erode District Periyar Findspot On a stone built into the west wall (inner side) of a well known as Bhima-tirtha near the Jaina temple. Dynasty Pandya King Virapandya Date 27th regnal year (1280 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Seems to record some endowment by a Vellala (name lost) of Vadakarainattukuli. Another fragmentary inscription on the east wall of the same well mentions the temple of Virasanghatapperumpalli at Vijayamangalam. Reference S. Shanmugam, "Vijayamangalam", Mukkudai, February, 1975, p. 14.

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304 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Remarks These stones containing the inscriptions, originally found in the Jaina temple, have been used for the construction of the well in recent times. No. 374 Village Vijayamangalam Taluk Erode District Periyar Findspot On the east wall of the central shrine in the same Jaina temple. Dynasty Vijayanagar King Vira Harihararaya Ulaiyar (Harihara III) Date Saka 1334 (1412 A.D.) Language and Script Tamil Contents Seems to register gift of land and tank in the village Sengalappalli in Kuruppunadu to meet the expenses of worship etc., of probably the god in the Jaina temple. Reference ARE, 596/1905, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 272.

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Periyar District No. 375 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference 39 Vijayamangalam Erode 305 Periyar On the door-post of the eastern entrance into the mandapa infront of the shrine, right side. main Tamil Records setting up of certain images and the gift of gold, anaiachchu sriyakkipalansalagai, for providing the expenses of offerings, probably on the days of Vishuayana Sankranti and the asterism of Karttigai. ARE, 599/1905, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 275.

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306 No. 376 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Vijayamangalam Erode Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Periyar In the Chandranatha Jaina temple. Tamil A damaged record dated in Vibhava, Chittirai, Suklapanchami and Rohini. The exact year is not given. Seems to register a gift of land in Sengappalli of Kuruppunadu to meet the expenses of worship of the deities in the Chandranathasvami temple at Vijayamangalam in Kuguppu na du South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt I, No. 273.

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Periyar District 307 No. 377 Village Vijayamangalam Talak Erode District Periyar Findspot On a stone built into the floor of the Vadyamandapa in the Jaina temple. Dynasty King Date Language and Script Sanskrit, Davana gari Contents A single lined inscription. States that this (mandapa or temple) stands glorified by the Brihatkatha Reference S, Shanmugam, "Vijayamangalam", Mukkudai, February, 1975, p. 7. Remarks The tradition centering around the temple is that the Sanskrit work Brihatkatha was rendered into Tamil (Perunkathai) by the poet Konguyel at Vijayamangalam, and the present epigraph seems to confirm it.

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13 PUDUKKOTTAI DISTRICT 1. Ammachatram 2. Bommaimalai 3. Malayakkoil A 4. Narttamalai 5. Sadaiyapagai 6. Samanartidal 7. Sembattur 8. Settipatti 9. Sittannava sal 10. Tenimalai

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Pudukkottai District 309 No. 378 Village Ammachatram Taluk Kulattur District Pudukkottai Findspot On a stone lying infront of the cavern with beds in the Kudagumalai hillock, Dynasty King Chola Rajakesarivarman 4th regnal year Date Tamil Language and Script Contents Highly damaged. Records provision for offerings and lamps to the temple of Tiruppallimalaialvar in Vadasiruvaynalu. Reference ARE, 209/1941-42. Remarks This and the next inscription may be assigned to the 10th century A.D. No. 379 Yillage Ammachatram Taluk Kulattur Pudukkottai District

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310 Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 380 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date On another stone lying infront of the cavern in the Kudagumalai hillock. Chola Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Rajakesarivarman 5th regnal year Tamil. Records gift of land for conducting a festival of seven days in the temple of the god at Tiruppallimalai in Vadasiguvaynadu. ARE, 210/1941-42. Ammachatram Kulattur Pudukkottai On a rock in the hill known as Aluruttimalai. Pandya Sundarapandya I (1216-1238 A.D.)

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Pudukkottai District 311 Tamil Laiguage and Script Contents Records gift of 2 ma of land as pallichchandam in Periyapallivayal to the god Tirumalai alvar. The land was granted by Dharmadeva - acharya, the disciple of Kanakachandrapanaita and the disciple (name lost) of Tiruppallimalai alvar. The boundaries of the land are also mentioned in the inscription. Reference ARE, 367/1904, PSI, No. 474, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 397. Remarks The hill which bears the name Aluruptimalai was once called Tiruppallimalai and the presiding deity of the hill was known as Tiruppal!imalai - alvar. Two images of Tirtharkaras are carved on one side of the hill, No. 381 Village Ammachatram Taluk Kulattur District Pudukkottai Findspot At the entrance of the natural cave, east of the Alurustimalai. Dynasty Pandya

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312 King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 382 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Sundarapandya I (1216-1238 A.D.) Tamil Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu An incomplete and damaged record. Mentions Dharmadeva - acharya, the pupil of Kanakachandra Pandita, the Jain a teacher. ARE, 364/1904, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 397. Bommaimalai Kulattur Pudukkottai On a rock locally known as Bommaimalai near Nartta malai. Tribhuvanachakravarti Saka 675 (753 A.D.) Tamil Konerinmaikondan

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Pudukkottai District 313 Contents Records gift of palsichchandam land, made tax-free, to the monks of Tiruppallimalai and Then( south)tiruppallimalai and also to the deity of Then-tiruppallimalai. The income from the land endowed had been allotted in 2:1 ratio to these pallis respectively. The record refers to several taxes and also mentions the signaturies at the end of the epigraph. Reference PSI., No. 658. Remarks The Jaina establishments at Bommaimalai were known as Tiruppallimalai and Thentiruppallimalai. The deity bore the name Tiruppallimalaind yagar. The boundary stones of the land granted, had been marked with stones bearing the symbol of Tripple Umbrella. No. 383 Village Malayakkoil Taluk Tirumayyam District Pudukkottai Findspot On a rock to the left of the entrance into the rock-cut temple. Dynasty 1 King 1 Date 1 40

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314 Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 384 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Tamil Mentions the name of one Gunasena. The purport of the record is not clearly known. (Seems to have some connection with music). PSI., No. 4. Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Gunasena is said to be a Jaina monk, according to Seeni Venkatasamy. [ Samanamum Tamilum, p. 134 ] Seems to state that Gunasena enunciated the art of learning the Parivadini, a seven stringed lute. Narttamalai Kulattur Pudukkottai Stone built into the platform of the Paliyilisvaram cave temple. A.D. 9th century characters Sanskrit, Grantha

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Pudukkottai District 315 Contents Defaced. Mentions Sri Namichandirar. Reference ARE, 298/1968-69. Remarks Seems to be the name of the Jaina monk, Nemichandra. The stone containing the inscription should have been taken from some Jaina structure in the village. No. 385 Village Narttamalai Taluk Kufattur Pudukkottai District Findspot On a rock to the north of the TirumalaiKadambar (Siva) temple. Chola Dynasty King Kulottunga III Date 27th regnal year (1204-1205 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents (Records gift of some land to the Kaila sanatha temple). It also states that the lands gifted to the Siva temple excluded the two ma of land belonging to the Jaina temple of this village (Narttamalai). The presiding deity of the Jaina temple is called Arhadeva of Tirumarraimalai. Reference ARE, 360/1904, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 390, PSI., No. 158.

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316 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 386 Village Sadaiyapajai Taluk Alao gudi District Pudukkottai Findspot By the side of a Jaina image carved on the rock known as Sadaiyaparai near Tiruko garanam. Dynasty Pandya King Sundarapandya I Date 2nd regnal year (1217 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Records gift of land, tax-free, to the deity of Perunarkisichchola-pperumpalli, situated in Tenkavinalu. In the tenth and eleventh lines of the inscription, the palli is referred to as Tenkavinattupperumpalli, situated on the Sadaiyarmalai, belonging to the division of Tenkavinadu. The boundaries of the land granted, and the signaturies of the record also figure in the epigraph. Reference PSI., No. 530, A Manual of Pudukkottai State, Vol. II, pt. II, p. 979.

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Pudukkottai District No. 387 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Samapartidal (Kayampatti) Kulattur Pudukkottai Sama On a stone in the place known as partidal by the side of the Vennavikullam (tank) at Kayampatti. Tamil 317 Mentions Ainnurruvapperumpalli at Tiruvennayil and Tiruvaytalamadam. Jayavirapperilamaiyan, probably a Jaina monk, also figures in this record. PSI., No. 1083. Tiruvaytalamadam is said to be a matha attached to the Jaina temple at Tiruvennayil. See, Seeni Venkatasamy, Tamilum, p. 133. Samanamum

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318 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 388 Village Sembattur Taluk Alangudi District Pudukkottai Findspot On the base of a Yakshi image found on the northern side of the tank called Palliyurani. Dynasty King Date A.D. 10th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that this image was caused to be made by Jayankopdachola Muvendavelan of Kujamangalanadu. Reference A Manual of Pudukkottai State, Vol. II, pt. II, p. 995. Remarks Jayankonda Muvendavelan seems to be an official under Rajarajachola I, and hence the record may be assigned to the period of the same king. Ibid., p. 995. Kulamangalam is a village in the Alanguli taluk.

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Pudukkottai District 319 No. 389 Village Settipatgi (Samanarkundu) Taluk Kulattur District Pudukkottai Findspot On the base of the ruined Jaina temple at the place called Samanarkundu. Dynasty King Date A.D. 10th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Mentions the names of Daya palar and Vadirajar, the disciples of Matisa garaacharya. Reference A Manual of Pudukkottai State, Vol. II, pt. II, pp. 1022-1023. Remarks The Jaina temple at this place is in ruins and only the basement remains now. Sculptures of Maha vira, Parsvanatha and their attendants from this temple are kept on a platform in the village. Ibid , p. 1022.

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320 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 390 Village Sittannavasal Taluk Kulattur District Pudukkottai Findspot On the rock-cut bed in the natural cavern known as E !adippattam. Dynasty King Date 2nd-1st centuries B.C. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Bed (seat) made (by the) Ciqupavil for Kavuti Iten Kumular (in) Eruminatu. Ilayar born (of) (at) Reference ARE, 388-A/1914, I. Mahadevan, op. cit,, Sittannavasal, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 245-250. Remarks For the various interpretations offered by scholars to this inscription, See T. V. Mahalingam's Early South Indian Palaeography, (pp. 245-250) Kavuti (Kaviti) seems to be a title conferred upon some important personalities or officials by the king. Eruminatu (Erumainadu) is identical with Mahisamandala, i e., Mysore region. The villages Cifupavil and Kumulur have not been identified.

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Pudukkottai District No. 391 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 392 Village Taluk District 41 Sittannavasal Kulattur Pudukkottai On the sloping side of the rock to the south of the rock-cut temple. A.D. 7th century characters Tamil 321 Reads: Sri Pirutivi(na)chchan. ARE, 328/1960-61. Seems to be the name of a Jaina monk or a lay devotee. Sittannavasal Kulattur Pudukkottai

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322 Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 393 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King On the sloping side of the rock to the south of the rock-cut tem ple. Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu 7th and 8th centuries A.D. Tamil Reads: 1. Vitivali. In characters of about the 7th century A.D. 2. Sunakkulam. In characters of about the 8th century A.D. ARE, 331/1960-61. Sittannavasal Kulattur Pudukkottai On the stone beds of the natural cavern on the hill. I

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Pudukkottai District 323 Date A.D. 8th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Records names of mendicants such as Tolakkuntattu - Kadavulan - Tirunilan, Tiruppurasan, Tittaichcharanan, Tiruchchattan and Sri Purna Chandiran-Niyattakaran Pattakali.. Reference ARE, 388/1914, PSI., No. 7. Remarks These are names of mendicants who had resolved to spend the last days of their lives in retired seclusion. ARE, 1914-15, pt. II, p. 86. No. 394 Village Sittannavasal Taluk Kulattur District Pudukkottai Findspot North side of the base of the verandah of the rock-cut temple. Dynasty King Date A.D. 8th century characters

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324 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Tamil Language and Script Contents Reads : Sri aikala. Reference ARE, 324/1960-61. Remarks Seems to be the name of a Jaina monk, associated with the jaina establishments in the village. No. 395 Village Sittannavasal Taluk Kulattur District Pudukkottai Findspot On the rock to the south of the rock-cut Jaina temple. Dynasty King Date A.D. 8th-9th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents This inscription is engraved in archaic characters of about the 8th-9th century A.D. The purport is not clear.

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Pudukkotai District 325 Reference ARE, 369/1904, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 399. Remarks The record, in three short lines, is very much damaged and only one or two words are readable. No. 396 * Village Sittannavasal Taluk Kulattur District Pudukkottai Findspot On the rock to the south of the same rock-cut temple. Dynasty Pandya King Srivallabha (Srimaca Avanipasekhara Sri Vallabha) Date (815-862 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that llangautaman, known as Madiraiasiriyan, repaired the inner mandapa and built another mandapa infront of the temple. The temple is called Arivarkoil (Arhat temple) and the place is known as Anpalvayil. Some gifts of lands were also made to the priests of the temple.

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326 Reference Remarks No. 397 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents ARE, 368/1904 (also 215/1940-41), SII, Vol. XIV, No. 45. The mandapa of this temple had been repaired by Ilangautaman, a teacher from Madurai, during the reign of SrimagaSrivallabha. The paintings executed on the ceiling of the mandapa are also now assigned to the time of the same Pandya king. Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Sittannavasal Kulattur Pudukkottai On the east face of the northern pillar in the verandah of the same rock-cut temple. A.D. 9th century characters Tamil Reads Sri Tiruvasiriyan. Below this is an inscription in Vatteluttu characters which is erased beyond recognition.

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Pudukkottai District 327 Reference ARE, 325/1960-61. Remarks The inscription refers to the seated image of an acharya, on the north wall of the verandah, depicted with a single umbrella above the head. ARE, 1960-61, p. 20. No. 398 Village Sittannavasal Taluk Kulattur District Pudukkottai Findspot On the eastern face of the southern pillar in the same temple. Dynasty King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Reads : Sri Ulokadittan. Reference ARE, 326/1960-61.

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328 Remarks No. 399 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference The inscription, according to the Govern. ment Epigraphist, refers to the seated figure of Parsvanatha with tripple umbrella depicted above the head, carved on the south wall of the verandah which is nearer to the pillar containing this label inscription. ARE, 1960-61, p. 20. Sittannavasal Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Kulattur Pudukkottai On the sloping side of the rock to the south of the same temple. A.D. 9th century characters Tamil Fragmentary. Reads: Tirukko ARE, 327/1960-61.

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Pudukkottai District No. 400 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 401 Village Taluk District 42 Sittannavasal Kulattur Pudukkottai On the rock to the south of the rock-cut Jaina shrine. A.D. 9th century characters Tamil 329 This inscription, engraved in characters of about the 9th century A.D., seems to record the renovation of a certain structure. Other details are lost.. ARE, 370/1904, SII., Vol. XVII, No. 400. The name of the person who renovated the structure may be read as Enparunji-Vallal. Sittannavasal Kulattur Pudukkottai

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330 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On the sloping side of the rock to the south of the same temple. Dynasty King Date A.D. 10th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Reads : Sri Tiruvi(ra)ma(n). Reference ARE, 329/1960-61. No. 402 Village Sittannava sal Taluk Kulattur District Pudukkottai Findspot On the sloping side of the rock to the south of the same temple. Dynasty King Date A.D. 10th century characters

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Pudukkottai District 331 Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Reads : (Sri) Sikayavan. Reference ARE, 330/1960-61. No. 403 Village Tenimalai Taluk Tirumayyam District Pudukkospai Findspot On a rock opposite to the Andarmatha at Tenimalai. Dynasty Irukkuve! King Date A.D. 8th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents States that while the Jaina ascetic Malayadh vaja was performing penance on Tenurmalai, a certain Irukkuvel chieftain (name not mentioned) visited the place and gave an endowment of land as pallichchandam for the maintenance of the monk.

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332 Reference Remarks No. 404 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference PSI., No. 9 The Irukkuvejs were feudatories of the Chola monarchs and they ruled over the region around Kodumbalur in Pudukkottai. Tenimalai Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Tirumayyam Pudukkottai Below the image of a Tirthankara on a boulder opposite to the Andarmatha at Tenimalai. Tamil, Grantha Records that the image (of the Tirthankara) was caused to be made by one SrivallaUdana Seruvotti. PSI., No. 10.

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No. 405 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King RAMANATHAPURAM DISTRICT Date 1. Hanumantakudi 2. Ilayankudi Hanumantakudi Tiruva danai Ramanathapuram On some stones lying infront Malavanatha (Jaina) temple. Vijayanagar Saka 1455 (1533 A.D.) 14 of the

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334 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Tamil Language and Script Contents A fragmentary record of a Vijayanagara king whose name is lost. One of them mentions Jinendramangalam alias Kuruvadimidai ... in Mutturu kupfam and Anjukottai in the same kutram. Also mentions the name of the god Arha ParamesvaraMaluvana yakar. Two other pieces mention a Kararchuvandiram. Reference ARE, 408/1907, SII, Vol XXIII, No. 408. Remarks The temple at Hanumantakudi is dedicated to Mallinatha Tirthankara and local people call it Malavanatha temple. The presiding deity bore the name Arha ParamasvaraMaluvanayakar. No. 406 Village Ilayan kudi Taluk Paramakudi District Ramanathapuram Findspot On four sides of a stone set up infront of the Siva temple by the side of a seated Jaina image. Dynasty

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Ramanathapuram District 335 King Date Tamil Language and Script Contents Beginning lost and portions damaged. Seems to record an endowment of land as pal[ichchandam for conducting worship and festivals in the temple of Bhagavatinayakar. Mention is made of Narpattenayiraperumpalli and a native of Ilao kudi. Reference ARE, 33/1946-47.

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SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT 1. Agalur 2. Cholavandipuram 3. Chittamur 4. Dadapuram 5. Idaiyalam 6. Jambai 7. Koliyanur 8. Madavilagam 9. Melkulalur 10. Olagapuram 11. Olakkur 12. Pallichchandal 13. Pagaiyanpattu 14. Perumandur 15. Tinoivanam 16. Tirunatharkungu 17. Tirunagungondai 18. Tiruppa lappandal 9. Tiruvatigai 20. Tondur 21. Vilur 22. Velur 23, Vilukkam

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South Arcot District 337 No. 407 Village Agalur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot Findspot On a rock close to the Jaina temple in the Vadakkutottam. Dynasty Pallava King Nandivarman II Date 50th regnal year (781 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the construction of a sluice at Agalur by Kampaiyanar and the endowment by him of one kadi per patti of the lands irrigated by the lake for its maintenance and three nali per patri by the Orar to the Bhatarar. Reference ARE, 258/1968-69.

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338 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 408 Village Agalur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot Findspot On the south face of the same rock close to the Jaina temple. Dynasty Pallava King Date A.D. 8th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the death of Kampaiyanar after the destruction of Tondur by the orders of SriVisaiyatittyan. In characters of about the 8th century AD. Reference ARE, 259/1968-69. Remarks It is not known who Vijayaditya was and why Tondur was destroyed. The place of Kampaiyanar in the history of this region is also not known to us.

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South Arcot District 339 No. 409 Village Cholavandipuram Taluk Tirukkoilur District South Arcot Findspot On a boulder with a Gommata panel on the hillock called Andimalai. Dynasty King Date A.D. 10th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents States that this image (tevaram) was made by Vali-Kongaraiyar-Puttadigal. Near this is a loose sculptured slab depicting goddess Padmavati, now known locally as Kaliyammad. Reference ARE, 251/1936-37, Epi. Ind., Vol. XXIX, pp. 199 ff. Remarks Cholapandipuram was a place of importance to the Jains in the 10th & 11th centuries A.D. as evidenced by a number of sculptures representing Maha vira, Parsvanatha, Gommata and Padmavati carved on a group of boulders on the hillock known as Andimalai. Besides, there are five or six stone beds, locally called 'Panchapandavar Padukkai', meant for the monks to reside. ARE, 1936-37, pt. II, p. 46.

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340 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 410 Village Chosavandipuram Taluk Tirukkoilur District South Arcot Findspot On a boulder in the village. Dynasty Chola King Gandaraditya Mummusichola Date 2nd regnal year (952 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Tamil verse. Praises the exploits of a certain Chedi chief called Siddhavadavan who is styled as "the lord of Koval' and 'MalayaKulodbhavan', and records gift of Panaippadi by him for worship of deities carved on the rock. Mentions Gunavirabhatara of Kufandi. Reference ARE, 252/1936-37. Remarks The Chedi chieftains, like the Malayamans, were also vassals of the Cholas. The present record mentions one of the Chedi chieftains, Siddhavadavan, and records the gift of a village Panaippali by him for worship of the Jaina deities.

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South Arcot District 340 No. 411 Village Chitta mur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot Findspot On a slab built into the floor close to the well in the Parsvanatha temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajakesarivarman (Aditya I) Date 17th regnal year (888 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that one Matiyan Agintigai of Puttambur endowed a gift for burning a perpetual lamp in the Katsampalli (Malainatha temple) and the gift was entrusted with Arambanandi, Padamulattar and the urar. Reference ARE, 201/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 828 Remarks The Rajakesari of this record is identified with Aditya I. A detailed study of the epigraphs from Chitta mur has been made by A. Ekambaranathan in his book, The History of Chittomur' pp. 54 ff.

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342 No. 412 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Chittamur Gingee South Arcot At the base of the boulder containing Jaina images in the Malainatha temple. Chola Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Queen Kadavarkonpavai A.D. 9th century characters Tamil Mentions Kadavarkonpavai, the queen of a Chola king. She is said to have revived some endowments made to the temple, which fell into disuse. ARE, 203/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 830. Kadavarkonpavai is identified with the queen of Aditya I and therefore, the record is assigned to the 9th century A.D.

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South Arcot District 343 No. 413 Village Chittamur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot Findspot On the base of the central shrine of the Parsvanatha temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajakesari Vikramachola. Date 18th regnal year (1136 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents It registers a gift of 3 ma of wet land in some villages to the temple. Reference South Indian Temple No. 26. Inscriptions, Vol. I, Remarks The inscriptron is now lost. It is interesting to observe that the lands gifted to the temple are said to have been found in more than fifty villages in and around Gingee and Tindivanam taluks.

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344 No. 414 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Chittamur Gingee South Arcot On the base of the mandapa infront of the central shrine of the Parsvanatha temple. Chola Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Kulottunga Choladeva (II) 12th regnal year (1148 A.D.) Tamil Registers gift of the village Sigamur as dirgamanya to the deity Parsvanathadeva in the temple of Pallialvar, by a certain devaradiyar. South Indian Temple Inscriptions, No. 28. This record is also lost. Vol. I,

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South Arcot District 345 No. 415 Village Chitta mur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot Findspot On a slab built into the floor of the mandapa infront of the Malainatha temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajadhiraja (II) Date 10th regnal year (1173 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records a gift of 4 ma of land by a Sambhuvaraya of the Senge ni family, who is said to have conquered the Pandya country. Reference ARE, 202/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 829. Remarks The Sambhuvaraya chieftain of this record is the same as Sengeni Ammaiappan who, on behalf of the Cholas, fought against the Pandyas, and thereby got the title, 'Pandyanadu Kondan'. 44

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346 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 416 Village Chittamur Taluk Gingee South Arcot District Findspot On the base of the mukhaman dapa in front of the central shrine of the Parsvanatha, temple. Dynasty Vijayanagar. King Mahamandalesvara Visnudeva Maharaya Saka 1140 (1218 A.D.) (?) Date Tamil Language and Script Contents Registers a gift of 91 kuli of land below the tank for providing offerings etc., and for the expenses of the festival to the god Simhapurinathadeva and 30 kuli of land for the worship etc., to the god Parsvanatha of the Malaiyanar temple at Chittamur, a pallichchandam in Singamporudavalanadu. Reference South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, No. 27. Remarks The inscription apparently belongs to the reign of the Vijayanagara king Krishnadevaraya, as we do not know any king as Mahamandalesvara Visnudeva Maharaya. In that case, the Saka year would be 1441, corresponding to 1519 A.D. See, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, p. 40.

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South Arcot District No. 417 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Chittamur Gingee South Arcot 347 On a slab called Sanyasikal set up in the village. Nayak Vaiyappa Krishnappa Nayaka Saka 1503 (1581 A.D.) Tamil Registers the grant of the village Siggamur in Udaikkadunadu, a subdivision of Tiruvadi-rajyam in Valudilampattu-savadi of Tirumunaippadi-nadu, for the sacred bath and offerings to the god Chidambaresvara by Bommaiyapillai as the gift of VaiyappaKrishnappa Nayaka. ARE, 68/1935-36. It is interesting to note that the Jaina village Chittamur had been granted to the Nataraja temple at Chidambaram, when VaiyappaKrishnappa Nayaka was ruling over the Gingee region as the agent of the Vijayanagar kings. In all probablity, the gift of the village here refers to the lands other than those of the Jaina temple. See, A. Ekambaranathan, The History of Chittamur, pp. 67-68.

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348 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 418 Village Chittamur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot Findspot On the base of the manasthambha in the Parsvanatha temple. Dynasty King Date Saka 1500 (1578 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents States that the manasthambha was the gift of Bussetti, son of Bayisetti, a Vaisya of Jagata pigutti. Reference ARE, 517/1937-38. Remarks Jagata pigutti seems to be a village in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh. One of the inscriptions from Kummetta refers to Jagata pigutti Simai. (ARE, 15/1947-48)

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South Arcot District 349 No. 419 Village Chitta mur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot Findspot On another face of the same manasthambha. Dynasty King Date (1578 A.D.) Sanskrit, Kannada Language and Script Contents States that Busreshti of the mahanagakula erected this manasthambha. Reference ARE, 518/1937-38 Remarks This and the previous record speak of the erection of the manasthambha by one Bussetti. No. 420 Village Chittamur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot

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350 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On a stone in the tank bund. Dynasty Vijayanagar King Sri Rangadeva Maharaya Date Saka 1504 (1582 A.D.) Tamil, Grantha Language and Script Contents Gift of all wet lands and dry lands watered by the northern tank as padijivitam for the five musicians (like (the udal, ndgasvaram, nattuvan etc.) of the Simhapurinatha temple by Timmappanayaka, agent of Atchutappa Nayakkar Aiyyan, in the reign of Sri Rangadevamaharaya, the Vijayanagara king. Reference South Indian No. 29. Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, Remarks Atchutappa Nayakkar is identified with the Tanjore Nayak ruler of the same name. His son Raghunatha Nayakkar also finds place in two inscriptions from Chitta mur. Ibid., Vol. I, No. 29. No. 421 Village Chittamur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot

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South Arcot District 351 Findspot On the gopura of the Parsvanatha temple. Dynasty Vijayanagar King Verkatapatideva Maharaya Date Saka 1508 (1586 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents It registers the grant of manya lands attached to the Simhapurinatha temple and in the enjoyment of 12 devaradiyars, as sarvamanya removing the water-cess, as ordered by Raghunatha Nayakkar Aiyan. Reference South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, No. 30. Remarks The practice of employing devaradiyars (maid servants dedicated to temple service) was not very common in Jaina establishments. No. 422 Village Chittamur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot

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352 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On the floor near the Kalasa-sthapana mandapa, near the gopura of the Parsvanatha temple Dynasty Vijayanagar King Mahamandalesvara VenkatapatidevaMaharaya Date Saka 1525 (1603 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Registers the removal of water-cess on the manya lands of the god Neminathasvami of the Simhapurinatha temple, left in the enjoyment of the pandita. pujuka, devaradiyar and the melakkarar (drummer), thus making them Sarvamanya for the merit of Raghunatha Nayakkar Aiyan and Dikshitar Aiyan. (These two names would mean only the Tanjore Nayak ruler Raghunatha and his famous minister Govinda-Dikshita). Reference South Indian No. 31. Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, No. 423 Village Chittamur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot

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South Arcot District 353 Findspot Inner wall of the gopura of the Paravanatha temple. Dynasty King Date Saka 1787 (1865 A.D.) Sanskrit, Grantha Language and Script Contents States that Abhinava Adisena Bhattaraka erected the gopura with jaina images, by public subscription. Reference ARE, 520/1937-38. No. 424 Village Chitta mur Talok Gingee District South Arcot Findspot Inner wall of the gopura of the Parsvanatha temple. Dynasty King Date A.D. 19th century characters 45

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354 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Language and Script Sanskrit, Grantha Contents Verses extolling the merit accruing from service rendered to the Jinalaya. Reference ARE, 519/1937-38. Remarks The date of this record may be the same saka 1787 (1865 A.D.) in which year the gopura was built. No. 425 Village Chittamur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot Findspot On the basement of the small shrines, behind the Neminatha shrine, in the Parsvanatha temple. Dynasty King Date Saka 1825, Kali. 5004 (1903 A.D.) Language and Script Tamil, Grantha

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South Arcot District Contents Reference Remarks No. 426 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Records that the five shrines of Brahmadeva, Ganadhara, Saraswati, Padmavati and Jvalamalini were constructed with the permission of the Pontiff of the Chittamur matha, by Gunamalai ammal, the wife of SriBalaiya of Tiruppagambur, the then deputy Collector. The lady also granted one kani of land for offerings to these five images of deities. A. Ekambaranathan, The History of Chittamur, pp. 68-69. Sri Balaiya is also said to have evinced keen interest in the development of this temple and at his instigation, the two huge sculptures of elephant, besides a large number of stone slabs, were brought from the ruined Visnu temple in Gingee fort, and used for the construction of the Kalasasthapanamandapa at Chittamur. Chittamur 355 Gingee South Arcot On the third pillar of the alankaramandapa in the same temple. 1

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356 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Date Saka 1873, A.D. 1951 Language and Script Tamil, Grantha Contents Records that on 22nd, Monday, in the month of Tai, Saka 1873, this mandapa of the Parsvanatha temple was renovated by the Pontiff Sri Lakshmi Sena Bhataraka-Bhattacharyavaryasvami of the Jinakanchi-matha. The mathas at Kolhapur, Delhi and Penukonda are also referred to in this epigraph. At the end, the english year, 1951, is also engraved. Reference A. Ekambaranathan, The History of Chittamur, pp. 70-71. Remarks The four important Jaina mathas in modern times are at Jinakanchi (Chittamur), Delhi, Kolhapur and Penukonda. No. 427 Village Dadapuram Taluk Tindivanam District South Arcot Findspot On the walls of the central shrine in the Manikyesvara (Siva) temple. Dynasty Chola

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South Arcot District King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 428 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Rajaraja I 21st regnal year (1006 A.D.) Tamil Refers to the construction of three temples viz., Kundavai Jinalaya, Kundavai Vinnagar and Iravikulamanikka Isvaram at Rajarajapuram by the princess Pirantakan-Kundavaipirattiyar, and to the presentation of vessels and ornaments of various descriptions made of gold, silver and pearl. ARE, 17/1919. The same matter is also known from another record (ARE, 8/1919) found in the Vispu temple at Dadapuram. Idaiyalam Tindivanam 357 South Arcot On a rock called Siddharparai near a tank in the village.

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358 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Date In modern characters * Sanskrit, Grantha Language and Script Contents Two pairs of foot-marks, a book-stand, two kamandalas and two fly-whisks are engraved on the rock, and in a circular line round them is engraved in modern characters an anushtub verse, paying obeisance to Mallisena -- munisvara otherwise called Vamanacharya. Reference ARE, 311/1938-39. No. 429 Village Idaiyalam Taluk Tindivanam District South Arcot Findspot On a rock called Siddharpdrai near a tank in the village. Dynasty King Date In modern characters Sanskrit, Grantha Language and Script

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South Arcot District Contents Reference No. 430 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Round a pair of foot-marks and a bookstand is engraved the name VimalaJinadeva. ARE, 312/1938-39. Idaiyalam Tindivanam South Arcot 359 On the bali-pitha in the Jaina temple. In modern characters Tamil of Contains the name of Jinadevar Idaiyalam. Near this, on a pillar, is engraved the name of Appandarnayinar who probably presented the pillar. ARE, 314/1938-39.

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360 No. 431 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jambai Tirakkoilur Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu South Arcot On a rock inside the cavern. Atiyaman Neduman Anji 1st century A.D. Tamil, Brahmi The inscription reads: Satiyaputo Atiyan Nedumananji itta pali. It means that the abode was caused to be given by Atiyan Neduman anji, the Satyaputra. R. Nagasamy,' Asoka and the Tamil countrya new link", Express Magazine, 6-12-1981. It is a unique record referring to the Satyaputras, identified with the Atiyamans of Kongu country. The earliest reference to Satyaputras is found in the Asokan edicts at Brahmagiri. Their identification had been a matter of controversy for a long time, and now it is proved that they are identical with the Atiyaman chieftains. Atiyaman Neduman Anji is celebrated in the Sangam classics by poets like Paranar and Avvaiyar. The Sangam works describe Anji as a great Saivite, but the fact that he caused to be made an abode to the Jaina acetic, shows his religious tolerence. (Ibid.)

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South Arcot District 361 No. 432 Village Koliyanur Taluk Viluppuram District South Arcot Findspot On the east wall of the shrine of the ruined Jaina temple. Dynasty King Date Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the building of a portion of the temple by a merchant TirumagumarbanVaniga Purantaran of the village Idaiyagu. The temple is called Nayinardevar Perumanar Srikoil. Reference ARE, 110/1897, SII, Vol. VI, No. 64. No. 433 Village Koliyanur Taluk Viluppuram District South Arcot 46

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362 Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On the south base of the mandapa infront of the shrine in the Jaina temple. Vijayanagar A.D. 15th century characters Tamil The name of the king is very doubtful. It records gift of lands by Nallatambimudaliyar-Periyatambiyar of Koliyapuranallur for the regular worship in the temple of Nayinar-Arumolinayakar. The village granted lay to the west of Vijayarajapuram, probably a village nearby. ARE, 111/1897, SII, Vol. VI, No. 65. The name of the ruler is read as Mahamandalesvara Aruva Asura NarayanaThiyaga-Masamudra Immadi Torata Vasavaiya Deva-Maharaja. He may be identified with Immadi-Narasimha deva maharaya who is said to have ruled from c. 1493 to 1506 A.D. The old name of the village Koliyanur was Koliyapuranallur.

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South Arcot District 363 No. 434 Village Maqavilagam (Rettanai) Taluk Tingivanam District South Arcot Findspot On a slab set up in the village. Dynasty Chola King Vikramachola Date 10th regnal year (1128 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Seems to record a tax-free gift of land to a Jaina temple and for the maintenance of a feeding house, a flower garden etc. Reference ARE, 392/1924-25. No, 435 Village Melkucalur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot

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Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot By the side of the rock-cut beds in a cave on the hill. Dynasty Chola King Parakesarivarman (Parantaka I) Date 4th regnal year (911 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records a gift of 500 sheep for lamps to the deity, Avanitilatattu-devar, at Santamangalam in Panaiyurnadu, by Alivaikuntan alias Sembiyankavitiyaraiyan of Kalattur in Malanadu. Reference Information given by Pulavar S. Kuppuswamy, Bahur, Pondicherry State. Remarks This and the following inscriptions from Melkulalur have been discovered by the members of the Historical Society of Pondicherry. There are about thirtyfive rock-but beds in some of the caves found on the hill in the village. Besides, an image of Parsvanatha is carved on a boulder adjacent to the rockcut beds. It is said that the deity "Avanitilatattu-derar' refers to the same image of Parsvanatha carved on the boulder.

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South Arcot District 365 No. 436 Village Malkudalur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot Findspot By the side of the rock-cut beds in a cave on the hill. Dynasty Chola King Parantaka I Date 28th regnal year (935 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that a certain Pusalan Pakaiyadakki of Vilvalam made a gift of 700 sheep for lamps to the deity Pidariyar at sendamangalam in Panaiyurnalu. The king bears the title "Matirai Konda Koparake sari." Reference Information given by Pulavar S. Kuppuswamy, Bahur, Pondicherry State. Remarks According to S. Kuppuswamy, the term 'bhatariyar'is mistakenly engraved as Pipariyar in this record.

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366 No. 437 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Melkudalur Gingee South Arcot By the side of the rock-cut beds in a cave on the hill. Chola Parantaka I Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu 28th regnal year (935 A.D.) Tamil Records that Arumoli alias ViranarayanaPallavaraiyan made a gift of 600 sheep for lamps to the deity, Tirumanikkoilde var, at Sendamangalam in Panaiyurnadu. Information given by Pulavar S. Kuppuswamy, Bahur, Pondicherry State. Tirumanikoildevar, in the present context, is taken to mean Parsvanatha.

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South Arcot District No. 438 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 439 Village Taluk District Melkudalur Gingee South Arcot By the side of the rock-cut beds in a cave on the hill. Chola Parantaka I 33rd regnal year (940 A.D.) Tamil 367 Slightly damaged. Records that a certain Kilinallurkilavan alias Svatevan alias Kilan... Kon made a gift of 500 sheep to the deity (name lost) at Sendamangalam in Panaiyurnadu. Information given by Pulavar S. Kuppuswamy, Bahur, Pondicherry State. Melkudalur Gingee South Arcot

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368 Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 440 Village Taluk District Findspot By the side of the rock-cut beds in a cave on the hill. Pallava Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Nripatungavarman 2nd regnal year (967 A.D.) Tamil Records that Onankarikudaiyar, an officer of Nripatungavarman, made a gift of 750 sheep to light lamps infront of the deity, Sri Mulasthanattu-devar, in Sendamangalam, a village in Panaiyurnadu. Information given by Pulavar S. Kuppuswamy, Bahur, Pondicherry State. Sri Mulasthanattu-devar of this inscription also refers to the image of Parevanatha. Olagapuram Tindivanam South Arcot On the south wall of the central shrine in the ruined Visnu temple.

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South Arcot District 369 Dynasty Chola King Rajakasarivarman alias Sri Rajamahendra Date 3rd regnal year (1063 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents (Records sale of land to the Visnu temple). The sale deed was drawn up by Samantaba huacharya, a worshipper of SundaraSolapperumpalli of this town. Reference ARE, 141/1919. Remarks The existence of a Jaina palli (Sundaras olaperumpalli) at Olagapuram is known from this inscription. It is worthy of note that a devotee of the Jaina palli had drawn up the sale deed for a Visnu temple. No. 441 Village Olakkur Taluk Tindivanam District South Arcot Findspot On a slab set up in the Brahmin street in the village.

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370 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Dynasty (Pallava) King Date A.D. 8th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that the image of Pridivi Vidangakuratti (at the top of the slab) was caused to be cut by the king, whose name is not mentioned. Reference ARE, 356/1909, SII, Vol. XII, p. 53, f. n. 2. Remarks The slab contains the representation of the nun, Pridivi-Vidangakuratti, flanked by a lamp and canopied by an umbrella. She should have been held in high esteem and therefore, the king himself had caused to be made her image, Palaeographically, the record may be assigned to the Pallava period. (ARE, 1909-1910, p. 11). No. 442 Village Pallichchandal Taluk Tirukkoilur District South Arcot

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South Arcot District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 443 Village Taluk District On a rock under a mango tree on the eastern side of a stream known as Panakkattuodai. Chola Parakesarivarman (Parantaka I) 21st regnal year (928 A.D.) Tamil Registers a gift of land after reclamation as eri-patti by Sakkanvayiri, for improving the tank belonging to the Nattar Perumpalli of Valaiyur in Vanagoppadi. ARE, 446/1937-38. The Nattar Perumpalli of Valaiyur seems to have been founded by the people or assembly of the local nadu, hence its name as Nattar Perumpalli. But it is not known which Jaina temple in the locality bore this name. ARE, 1937-38, pt. 2, para 28, p. 88. Pallichchandal 371 Tirakkoilur South Arcot

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372 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On a rock called Kodampanai near the Ondi- Aiyanar shrine. Dynasty Chola King Rajarajadeva lui Date 6th regnal year (1222 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Registers the order (taravu) issued by Neminatha, in-charge of Gandaraditta-perumpalli, declaring a portion of Jambai alias Virarajendrapuram as an assylum for the oppressed, with the name of "solatungan Alavantan Anjinan Pugalidam". Reference ARE, 448/1937-38. Remarks The Jaina establishment referred to in the record seems to have been named after the Chola king Gapdaraditya. Jambai alias Virarajendrapuram is another Jaina centre in Tirukkoilur taluk. No. 444 Village Passichchandal Taluk Tirukkoilur District South Arcot

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South Arcot District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Refere.ce Remarks 373 On a slab set up on the ruined mound of a jaina temple called 'Jainiammankoil'. Vijayanagar Atchyutadeva Maharaya Saka 1452 (wrong for 1454) (1532 A.D.). Tamil States that the order remitting the jodi and sulavari taxes, issued by the king at the instance of Vaiyappa Nayaka, for offerings and worship to (the Jaina image) NayanarVijaya Nayakar at Sapbai (Jambai), was engraved later in the time of Velur-BommuNayaka. ARE, 449/1937-38. The Jaina temple is in ruins and amidst its debris is lying a mutilated stone image of Bahubali. Nayanar Vijaya Nayakar refers to the image of the Jaina deity. VelurBommu Nayaka was wielding authority in this region as the subordinate of VaiyappaNayaka of Gingee. A copy of this inscription is also engraved at Jambai (ARE, 127/1906), but issued in favour of the Siva temple at that village. ARE, 1937-38, pt. II, p. 105.

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374 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 445 Village Paraiyanpattu Taluk Gingee District South Arcot Findspot On a rock by the side of a natural spring near the village. Dynasty King Date A.D. 5th-6th century characters Language and Script Tamil, Vatteluttu Contents Records the death of one Ararathan, the disciple of Vachchanandi (Vajranandi), by observing fast. Araratban is said to be a native of Bapanadu. (Bananadu may be the same as Ba parashtra). Reference Reference K. Krishnamurti, "A New Jaina inscription from Gingee region", Mukkudai, July, 1985, pp. 5-9.

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South Arcot District No. 446 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 447 Village Taluk District Perumandur Tindivanam South Arcot On the west wall of the Rishabhanatha shrine. Pallava Nandivarman III 19th regnal year (866 A.D.) Tamil 375 Incomplete. Records gift of two hundred (measure) of paddy to the Perumpalli. ARE, 220/1902. SII, Vol. VII, No. 847. Perumandur Tindivanam South Arcot

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376 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On a pillar in the mandapa infront of the Chandranatha shrine. Dynasty Chola King Kulottunga II!. Date 14th regnal year (1192 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that Rajaraja Sambhuvaraya alias Kandara Suryan built a shrine for the goddess and installed therein the image of Yakshi, and granted some lands, probably in Perumandaipajputtur for the expenses connected with the worship of the goddess. The Jaina temple at this place is called Ravikulasundarapperumpalli. Reference ARE, 219/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 846. Remarks The shrine of the Yakshi is called in the record as Munvalai Konda MangaiyarNayakiyar Srikoil' and the Yakshi is known as Mangaiyar Nayaki Varasundari'. No. 448 Village Perumandur Taluk Tindivanam District South Arcot

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South Arcot District 377 Findspot On the north wall of the Rishabhanatha shrine. Dynasty Chola King Kulottunga III Date 15th regnal year (1193 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that Rajaraja Sambhuvarayar alias Kandara Suryan, at the instance of one Mallisena, granted 2000 kuli of land to the Yakshi, Valaikonda Mangai Nayaki, at Perumandaiparputtur. The village Perumandaiparputtur is said to be in Venkungakkottam, in Jayankonda Solamandalam. Reference ARE, 221/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 848. Remarks Perumandaiparputtur was the ancient name of the village. No. 449 Village Tindivanam Taluk Tindivanam District South Arcot 48

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378 Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 450 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On the pedestal of a Adinatha bronze image (now kept in the Madras Museum). A.D. 11th-12th century characters Tamil Records that this image was caused to be made by the Kilars of Agaram. V. Radhakrishnan, "Rare Bronzes from South Arcot District", Kalvettu (Quarterly Journal of the Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu), 1978, No. 16, P. 19. Tirunatharkungu (Singavaram) Gingee South Arcot On a rock in the hill called Tirunaiharkunru near the village Singavaram.

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South Arcot District 379 Date Sth-6th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Records that it is the place of penance of Chandranandi, the monk, who died observing fiftyseven days of fasting. Reference ARE, 239/1904, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 262, Travancore Archaeological Series, Vol. I, p. 231, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Tirunatharkunju, No. 1. No. 451 Village Tirunatharkungu (Singavaram) Taluk Gingee District South Arcot Findspot On a rock in the Tirunatharkungu hill near Singavaram. Dynasty King Date A.D. 10th century characters Tamil Language and Script

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380 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadi Contents Records the death (nisidika) of Ilayapadarai who fasted for thirty days. Reference ARE, 238/1904, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 261. No. 452 Village Tirunajungondai Taluk Ulundurpejtai District South Arcot Findspot Above the entrance of the natural cavern on the Tirunagungondai hill. Dynasty King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents States that the east mandapa and the Chaturmugattirukkayil of the Kilappalli (Jajna shrine) at Tirunajungondai were the works of Visaiyanallulan Kumaran-Devan of of Talakkudi in Mirainadu on the south bank of the Kaveri river. Reference ARE, 306/1939-40.

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South Arcot District Remarks No. 453 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Tirunagungondai is one of the very important places of pilgrimage for the Jains in Tamilnadu. The natural cavern on the hill contains a number of stone beds provided with pillow lofts. A little to the north of this cavern is the Appandainatha temple with the shrines meant for Parsvanatha and Chandraprabha. This Jaina temple had been patronised by the Cholas, Pandyas, their feudatories and the later rulers. Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai 381 South Arcot On the western side of the natural cavern on the hill. A.D. 9th century characters Tamil Two incomplete pieces in characters of about the 9th century A.D., one mentioning Vanakovaraiyar and the other (much damaged) Agulaga-peruman. ARE, 307/1939-40.

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382 No. Village Taluk District Findspot 454 Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 455 Village Taluk District Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai South Arcot Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On a rock to the west of the natural cavern in the hill. A.D. 9th century characters Tamil Records a gift of ten pon to the two pallis (Jaina shrines) by a certain Singanar PeriyaVaduganar of Nariyappadi. ARE, 308/1939-40. Tirunagungon dai Ulundurpettai South Arcot

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South Arcot District 383 Findspot On a rock to the west of the natural cavern in the hill. Dynasty King Date A.D. 9th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Damaged in the middle. Seems to record a similar gift by an individual (name lost), probably the son of Periyanakkanar of Nariyappadi. Reference ARE, 309/1939-40. No. 456 Village Tirunagungondai Ulundurpattai Taluk District South Arcot Findspot On a stone set up at the sluice of the tank. Dynasty King Date A.D. 10th century characters Tamil Language and Script

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384 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Contents Tamil verse. Records the construction of this sluice to the tank at Nagungondai by Agaipperumal. Reference ARE, 320/1939-40. No. 457 Village Tirunarungondai Taluk Ulundurpettai District South Arcot Findspot On a rock to the south of the Appandainatha temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajaraja I 10th regnal year (995 A.D.) Date Tamil Language and Script Contents The inscription is damaged and left unfinished. Seems to record some land for the various services in the temple by an adikarichchi (lady), who was the wife of Aiyafan. The boundaries of the land are also mentioned, besides a tank called Kundavaipereri. Reference ARE, 385-B/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 1017. Remarks The tank, Kundavaippereri, was named after Kundavai, the sister of Rajaraja I. Adikarichchi means the wife of an official (adikari).

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South Arcot District 385 No. 458 Village Tirunaguigondai Taluk Ulundurpattai District South Arcot Findspot On a rock to the south of the Chandranatha shrine in the Appandainatha temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajaraja I Date 17th regnal year (1002 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents The inscription begins with the prasasti "Tirumagalpola. ...' Registers the grant of 10 ma of land to meet the expenses for burning two perpetual lamps in the shrines, Periyapalli and Melappalli, for the prosperity of Pirantakan Arumoli alias Mummadisola Sri Rajarajadeva by Narasingan SriYamkan Iramadevan alias Senapati Mummadioola Brahma Marayan of Brahmad@yam Seralantaka Chaturvedi-mangalam in Vennadu on the southern bank of the river Kaveri. Reference ARE, 385/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 1015, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 70. 49

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386 Remarks No. 459 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference The donor of the grant was the commanderin-chief of Rajaraja I, and the grant was made for the merit of the same king who had the surname Parantakan Arunmoli. Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai South Arcot Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On a rock to the west of the Chandranatha shrine in the Appandainatha temple. Chola Rajendra I (1012-1044 A.D.) Tamil Damaged, and right and left ends built in. Begins with the historical introduction Tirumannivalara... of Rajendra I. Records gift of 96 sheep for a lamp to god Paliyilalvar by Kalimanan-Vijayalaya Mallan of Tirumananjeri in Rajendrasimha Valanadu. ARE, 300/1939-40.

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South Arcot District No. 460 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai South Arcot On the south wall of the store room in the Appandainatha temple. Chola Rajadhiraja I 13th regnal year (1031 A.D.) 387 Tamil It registers a gift of 6 kasu by AdiBhattarakan Pushpasena with the concurrence of Kolliyur Udaiyan for burning a twilight lamp infront of the Yakshi in the Melirpalli (the temple on the hill) at Tirunagungondai. ARE, 383/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 1013, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 81. The editor of South Indian Temple Inscriptions had read the name of the king as Rajaraja (I), in which case the date of the record should be 998 A.D. (Ibid., Vol. I, No. 81).

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388 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 461 Village Tirunagungongai Ulundurpejtai Taluk District South Arcot Findspot On a rock at the entrance into the main shrine in the Appandainatha temple. Dynasty Chola King Kulottunga I (1070-1120 A.D.) Date Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary and damaged. Contains the historical introduction of Kulottunga I beginning with the words Puga!maduVilanga.... Seems to record an endowment of paddy for a lamp in the temple by Rajendrasola Chedirajan. Mentions Udaiyar Mallishena, evidently a Jaina deity. Reference ARE, 301/1939-40. No. 462 Village Tirunaguigondai Talak Ulupdurpettai District South Arcot

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South Arcot District 389 Findspot On the south wall of the Nityakalyanadeva shrine in the same temple. Dynasty Chola King Kulottunga I Date 8th regnal year (1078 A.D.) Language and Script Tamil Contents A damaged record. Seems to register the gift of 40 cows for burning a perpetual lamp, probably infront of the god KachchiNayakadera in the southern shrine of the temple, Narpattennayiraperumpalli, at Tirunagungonpai. Reference South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 80. Remarks The verse at the end of another epigraph of Kulottunga III (South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 71) from Tirunagungondai refers to a certain Mashapati, i.e., the head of the matha. There is at present no matha in the village. The pontiff of the Jains in Tamilnadu now lives at Chittamur and the pitha is called Jinakanchi pitha. The mention of the god Kachchi Nayakadeva in the temple at Tirunagungongai suggests that the matha, now at Chitta mur, was at that time located at Tirunafungondai. Ibid., Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 80, Notes.

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390 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 463 Village Tirunagungonnai Taluk Ulundurpellai District South Arcot Findspot On the wall of the Tanakas alai mandapa. Dynasty King (Tribhuvanachakravarti) Date Tamil Language and Script Contents The record is too fragmentary. It begins with the epithet Tribhuvanachakravarti, but the name of the ruler and the date of the record are missing. It seems to register a gift of land which was, in all probablity, mortgaged to the temple. Reference South Indian Temple pt. 1, No. 79. Inscriptions, Vol. I, Remarks The editor of the inscription states that some more fragmentary records are found in the same place and their details are not ascertainable. Ibid., Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 79, Notes.

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South Arcot District 391 No. 464 Village Tirunaqurgondai Taluk Ulundurpettai District South Arcot Findspot On a stone set up at the foot of the hill. Dynasty Chola King Konerinmaikondan Date Tamil Language and Script Contents Records gift of land by Tavattalandevar of Irungolappadinadu for the conduct of a festival in the month of Vaikasi, and also for a special festival known as Rajakkalnayakan festival in the month of Tai, in the Appandainatha temple. The land was entrusted with the tanattar of the Narpattennayiraperumpalli at Tirunagungondai. Reference ARE, 384/1902, SII, Vol VII, No. 1014. Remarks The Jaina establishment at Tirunagungondai is referred to in this record as Narpattennayiraperumpalli.

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392 No. 465 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai South Arcot Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On the base of the verandah around the Chandranatha shrine in the Appandainatha temple. Chola Konerinmaikondan 3rd regnal year Tamil Records gift of 10 veli land as pallichchandam, made tax-free, in the villages Kudaliladarpadi Vanavan - Madevipuram and Sigusattanallur to the palli at Tirunagungondai and to the Bhataras attached to the same palli. ARE, 382/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 1012. South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 72.

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South Arcot District No. 466 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks 50 Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai South Arcot On a stone within the first prakara of the Appandainatha temple. Chola Vikramachola 10th regnal year (1128 A.D.) 393 Tamil It begins with the historical introduction "Pumadu punara ... ." Registers tax - free gift of wet land reclaimed after a breach in the tank of the village for the expenses of the Vaikasi festival to the gods Arunmolideva and Nityakalyanadeva by Malaiyan Mallan alias Vikrama-CholaMalaiyaman. South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 73. The donor seems to be one of the Malayaman chieftains of Tirukkoilur, who owed their allegiance to the Cholas.

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394 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 467 Village Tirunagungondai Taluk Ulundurpettai District South Arcot Findspot On the rock to the west of the natural cavern in the hill, Dynasty Chola King Vikramachola Date 16th regnal year (1134 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Unfinished. Seems to record a gift of land under Kundavai-eri (tank) after reclamation, by Malaiyanmallan alias VikramacholaMalaiyan as Sivigaippuram (palanquin maintenance) of the images of Arumolidevar and Nityakalyanadevar on the festival occasions in Vaigdsi at Tirunafungondai in Kunratturnadu of Tirumunaippali, a sub-division of Rajaraja Valanadu. Reference ARE, 310/1939-40.

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South Arcot District No. 468 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 469 Village Taluk District Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai South Arcot On a rock to the south of the Jaina temple. Tamil 395 Records that a certain Sridharan granted 15 kalanju of gold to the Kilaippalli at Tirunagungondai. ARE, 385-A/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 1016. Tirunarungon dai Ulundurpettai South Arcot

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396 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On a rock near the basement of the defunct shrine outside the prakara of the Appandainatha temple. Dynasty King Date Tamil Language and Script Contents States that this is the measuring span. This is engraved between two marks, the length between which is 16 spans. Reference ARE, 318/1939-40. No. 470 Village Tirunaguigondai Taluk Ulundurpetsai District South Arcot Findspot On the rock to the west of the natural cavern in the hill. Dynasty Chola King Kulottungacholadava II

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South Arcot District Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 471 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King 4th regnal year (1137 A.D.) Tamil Records an endowment of 420 kalam of paddy by the measure Atkondanmarakkal, out of the annual padikkaval income from the village Jananathamangalam by Alappirantan Mogan alias KulottungasolaKadavarayan for offerings to (the image of) Kachchi-Nayanar. ARE, 311/1939-40. It may be assigned to the time of Kulottunga II (ARE, 1939-40, pt. 11, para 110.) Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai 397 South Arcot On the southern side of the basement of the defunct shrine situated outside the south prakara wall of the Appandainatha temple. Chola Rajarajadeva II

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398 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Date 9th regnal year (1155 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records a gift of certain taxes due to him from the village Tirunagungondai by the chief Kiliyur Malaiyaman Atti-Sokkan alias Rajagambhirachedirayan for offerings to the deities Appar and Paliyilalvar of the temple. Reference ARE, 317/1939-40. No. 472 Village Tirunafungondai Taluk Ulundurpettai District South Arcot Findspot On the base of the verandah around the Chandranatha shrine in the Appardainatha temple. Dynasty Chola King Kulottunga III Date (1178-1216 A,D.) Tamil Language and Script

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South Arcot District Contents Reference Remarks No. 473 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King It is engraved at the end of the next inscription. (ARE, 381/1902). It is a verse in praise of the Virasangha of the Jains and the lord of Tirunagungondai. It also mentions Kulottunga and records the gift of the village Nallur to the Jaina temple at this place. A certain mathapati is also referred to in the last line of the verse. 399 ARE, 299/1939-40, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 71. Tirunarungondai seems to have had a Jaina matha presided over by a Mathathipathi in medieval times. (See, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 80) Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai South Arcot On the base of the verandah around the Chandranatha shrine in the Appandainatha temple. Chola Kulottunga III

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400 Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 474 Village Taluk District 9th regnal year (1187 A.D.) Tamil Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu It registers a grant of three villages Arrurpallichchandam, Ullur (i.e., Tirunagungondai) and Enadimangalam by ArasanarayananAlappigantan alias Virasekhara Kadavarayan, as tirunamattukkani, to the god (deva) of Narpattenayirap-perumpalli at Tirunagungondai, a sub-division of Rajarajavalanadu from that year as granted by His Majesty (Aiyyan). ARE, 381/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 1011, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt I, No. 71. The regnal year of the king, according to the Annual Report on Epigraphy (1902) is nine, while in the South Indian Temple Inscription (Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 71) the regnal year is said to be one. The Kadavarayas, like the Sambhuvarayas, were the vassals of the Cholas. Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai South Arcot

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South Arcot District 401 Findspot On the east wall of the Alagamma-mandapa on the hill. Dynasty Chola King Rajarajadeva III Date 5th regnal year (1221 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragment. Seems to record a gift of certain taxes due to him from the village Tirunarungondi by Kudal Alappipantan Elisaimohan...: Sola Kadavarayan as endowment to the god (name lost). Reference ARE, 313/1939-1940. No. 475 Village Tirunaguigondai Taluk Ulundurpattai District South Arcot Findspot On the base of the west wall near the entrance to the Tanakasala in the same temple. Dynasty Chola 51

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402 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu King Rajaraja III Date 10th regnal year (1226 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Registers a gift of 10 ma of wet land by Kulal Alappirantan Elisai Mohan Kadavarayan for the maintenance of a perpetual lamp before the god Parsvanathasvamin in the melapalli (temple at the top of the hill). Tirunagungondai is said to be a village in Tirumunaippadi-kungatturnalu. Reference South Indian pt. 1, No. 74. Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, Remarks Kudal Alappirantan Elisai Mohan was one of the Kadava chieftains under Kulottur ga III. Probably, he continued to serve under Rajaraja III also, hence he finds a place in the present record. No, 476 Village Tirunafungondai Taluk Ulundurpeztai District South Arcot Findspot To the east of the entrance to the storeroom on the northern Shrine of the Chandranatha shrine in the same temple.

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South Arcot District 403 Dynasty Chola King Rajara jadeva III Date 10th regnal year (1226 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Registers the grant of 3 ma of wet land by Kolliyur Odaiyan for burning a twilight lamp in front of the Yakshi image in the Mel-palli of the Narpattennayiraperumpalli at Tirunagungoncai. Reference South Indian pt. 1, No. 76. Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, No. 477 Village Tirunaguigondai Taluk Ulupdurpattai District South Arcot Findspot On the pedestal of a bronze image of Chandranatha in the Appand ainatha temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajaraja III Date (1216-1246 A.D.)

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404 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Tamil Language and Script Contents States that the image of Kachchi-Nayakkar was endowed by Alappirantan-MohanKachchiyarayar at Tirunagungonpai. ARE, 319/1939-40. Reference Remarks The Chandraprabha image is referred to in this record as Kachchi-Nayakkar. No. 478 Village Taluk Tirunaqungondai Ulundurpattai District South Arcot Findspot On the west wall (inside) of the prakara of the Appandainatha temple. Dynasty Pallava King Kopperunjiigadeva 3rd regnal year (1246 A.D.) Date Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the construction of the stroll pavilion to the temple south of Tirunaguagondai by ... Singan, a native of Palaiyur. Reference ARE, 314/1939-40.

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South Arcot District 405 No. 479 Village Tirunagungongai Taluk Ulundurpastai District South Arcot Findspot At the base of the wall to the west of the spring in the first prakara of the temple. Dynasty Pallava King Kopperunjiiga Date 6th regnal year (1249 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents A damaged and fragmentary record. Registers the construction of the prakara (tirunadaimaligai) to the temple by a certain person whose name is lost. Tirunafungondai is said to be a village in Tirumunaippadikungatturnalu, a sub-division of Rajarajavalanadu. Reference South Indian pt. I, No. 77. Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, Remarks The name of the person who constructed the prakara wall seems to be Kakkiyarayan (Kachchiyarayan).

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406 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 480 Village Tirunafungondai Taluk Ulundurpettai District South Arcot Findspot On a rock on the way to the tank at the foot of the hill. Dynasty King Date A.D. 13th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the construction of these steps by Gunaviradevan Panditadevan, a goldsmith of the place. Reference ARE, 316/1939-40. No. 481 Village Tirunajungonpai Taluk Ulundurpejtai District South Arcot

Page #429
South Arcot District Findspot On the wall of the Nityakalyanasvami shrine in the first prakara of tbe temple. Dynasty Pandya King Magavarman alias Vikramapandya. Date (1283-1296 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Much damaged and fragmentary. Seems to register some gift to the god Appandainathar in the temple of Narpattennayiraperumpalli. The mahanayaka merchant guild of Naduvilmandalam is also mentioned in the inscription. Reference Temple Inscriptions, VolI, South Indian pt. 1, No. 78. No. 482 Village Tirunagungonlai Taluk Ulundurpattai District South Arcot Findspot On the wall of the dilapidated shrine dedicated to NityaKalyanadeva within the Appanlainatha temple complex.

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408 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Dynasty Pandya King Tribhuvanachakravarti Vikrama Pandya Date 7th regnal year (1290 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Registers the gift of 6 ma of wet land in the village for offerings to the god Appandainayanar in the temple of Narpattennayiraperumpalli at Tirunagungondai in Kungatturnadu, a sub-division of Tirumunaippadi, a district of Rajaraja-valanadu. The latter portion of the inscription registers the grant of certain miscellaneous taxes of the Kunrattur-kurram for offerings and for a perpetual lamp to the god. Reference South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 75. No. 483 Village Tirunaguigondai Talok Ufundurpattai District South Arcot

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South Arcot District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 484 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King 52 On the east wall of the front mandapa, left of entrance, in the Appandainatha temple. Saka 1283 (1361 A.D.) Tamil 409 Records a gift of land for a perpetual lamp in the temple of Appandar by the nattavar of Adanurpaggu. ARE, 304/1939-40. Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai South Arcot On the east wall of the front mandapa, right of entrance, in the Appandaina tha temple.

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410 Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 485 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Saka 1283 (1361 A.D.) Tamil Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Records a gift of land for a perpetual lamp in the temple of Appandar by a person (name lost), son of Sembadi-Villavadaraiyan of Palampattinam in Pattina-nadu, a subdivision of Semburkottam in Jayankondasolamandalam. Tirunagungondai is said to have formed part of Adanur in Kugukkaikugram in Tirumunaippadi-nadu, a subdivision of Naduvilmandalam. Mentions Goppanna-Udaiyar as being instrumental for this gift. ARE, 303/1939-40. Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai South Arcot On the east wall of the Alagamma mandapa on the hill. | ||

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South Arcot District 411 Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragment. Seems to record a gift of cows by some persons (probably for lamps in the temple). Reference ARE, 312/1939-40. No. 486 Village Tirunagungonqai Taluk Ulundurpettai District South Arcot Findspot On the pedestals of the images of saints kept on the south-western side of the mukha-mandapa in the Appanoainatha temple. Dynasty King Date A.D. 16th century characters Tamil, Grantha Language and Script

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412 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Contents Mentions the following names : Sriman Traividyachakravartin. Samayanatha Munisvara. Sriman Gunabhadracharya. (Some more names are said to have been engraved on similar pedestals). Reference South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 82. No. 487 Village Tirunagungondai Taluk Ulundurpattai District South Arcot Findspot On the lintel over the entrance into the Appandainatha temple. Dynasty Kjog Date A.D. 16th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents A verse in praise of Gunabhadramunivar, evidently a Jaina saint who was famous in the southern land as a great scholar both in Tamil and in Sanskrit and who was a native of Kondaimalai.

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So uth Arcot District Reference Remarks No. 488 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference ARE, 302/1939-40. Tirunagungondai hill is mentioned as Kondaimalai in this record. The name Gunabhadra occurs in some more epigraphs from Tirunagungondai. Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai South Arcot 413 On the northern side of the front mandapa in the Appandaina tha temple. (A.D. 16th century characters) Tamil States that Anantappan, son of Sri Agamvalarttan, always worships. South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 82-C.

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414 No. 489 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 490 Village Taluk District Tirunagungondai Ulundurpettai South Arcot Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu On the east wall of the front mandapa in the Appandainatha temple. A.D. 16th century characters Tamil Mentions the name of a saint Gunabhadracharya alias Virasanghapratishtacharyar. ARE, 303/1939-40, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 82. Gunabhadra is said to have established the Virasangha at Tirunagungondai. Tirunagun gondai Ulundurpettai South Arcot

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South Arcot District 415 Findspot On the north wall (inside) of the gopura of the Appannainatha temple. Dynasty King Date 1636 A. D. Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the completion on this date, of the stone work of the gopura of the Appandar temple at Tirunarungondai by Parama Jinadeva Jiyar. Reference ARE, 315/1939-40. Remarks The gopura is stated to have been completed in Yuva, Panguni 2, Dritya, Revati and Sunday, and this would probably correspond to A.D. 1636, February 28th, Sunday. ARE, 1939-40, pt. II, para, 110. No. 491 Village Tiruppalappandal Taluk Tirukkoilur District South Arcot

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416 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On the wall of the south verandah in the first prakara of the Madhyasthanatha (Siva) temple. Dynasty Vijayanagar King Saluva Narasimhadeva Date Saka 1393 (1471 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents It states that owing to the Oddiyangalabhai, worship in the Siva temples at Tiruppalaippandal and Pasuru, and the Jaina temples at Panaippadi and Ponparappu had ceased, and it was restored by the order of the king issued to his agent Annamarasa. This inscription is said to be a copy of those found at places like Tirukkoilur, Nerkungam etc. Reference also part II, p. 103, ARE, 416/1937-38, para, 65. Remarks Some of the temples in the villages around Tirukkoilur are said to have suffered damage due to Oddiyan-galabai, i. e., attack of the Odda army. The Jaina temples at Panaippadi and Ponparappu which were affected by such an attack had been restored by the Saluva king Narasimha.

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South Arcot District 417 No. 492 Village Tiruvatigai Taluk Cuddalore District South Arcot Findspot On the east wall of the second prakara, right of the entrance in the Siva temple. Dynasty Pandya King Jatavarman Sundara Pandya Date 13+13 year (A.D. 13th century characters) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the dispute on the boundary of lands belonging to the temples of Nalmukhandyanar, Munaiyadisvaram-U daiyar and Arhadevar (Jaina). The boundaries had been settled on three occasions previously. Reference ARE, 416/1921, also pt. II, p. 105. Remarks The Jaina temple at Tiruvatigai does not exist at present. However, an image of a Tirtha akara is reported from the same village. 53

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418 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 493 Village Tondur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot Findspot the Cheri in the On a boulder near Village. Dynasty Chola King Parake sarivarman Date 3rd regnal year (A.D.10th century characters) Tamil Language and Script Contents Records that the village Gunanerimangalam alias Valuvamoli Arandamangalam together with some garden lands and wells at Tonlur and Valuvamo!ipperumpalli Vilagam were left incharge of the Jaina teacher Vajrasinga-Ilamperumanadigal of Parambur, as pallichchandam by the chief Vinnakovaraiyan Vayirimalaiyan. Reference ARE, 83/1934-35, SII, Vol. XIX, No. 80 Remarks Vinpakovaraiyan seems to be a local chieftain ruling over some parts of the present Gingee taluk. Topdur was a Jaina settlement in the medieval period and a hill near by the village contains an image of Parsvanatha and a few rock-cut beds in a cavern,

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South Arcot District 419 No. 494 Village Tondur Taluk Gingee District South Arcot Findspot On the same boulder near the Cheri in the village. Dynasty Chola King Parakesarivarman Date 3rd regnal year (A.D. 10th century characters) Tamil Language and Script Contents Seems to register the levy of a cess on the produce of the lands by the chieftain Vinnakovaraiyan Vayiri-Malaiyan, for the maintenance of the tanks in Vinnakovaraiyar-nadu in Singapura-nadu. Reference ARE, 84/1934-35. Remarks The chieftain is said to have decided, in consultation with his nadu (assembly), to allow a tax of one nali for every kadi of paddy for the annual upkeep of the irrigation tanks situated in the nadu (area). ARE, 1934-35, pt. II, pp. 58-59.

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420 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 495 Vidur Village Taluk Tindivanam District South Arcot Findspot On a slab paved into the floor of the mandapa in the Jaina temple. Dynasty Rashtrakuta King Kannaradeva (Krishna III) Date (939-968 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Most part of the record damaged. Purport not clear. Probably records some endowment to the temple. Reference A. Ekambaranathan, "A note on Vilur temple", Mukkudai, April, 1982. No. 496 Village Vidur Taluk Tindivanam District South Arcot Findspot On the stone slabs kept up side down and built in to the prakara wall, northern side. Dynasty King

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South Arcot District 421 Date A.D. 12th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Fragmentary. Since the stone slabs have been redressed, the contents of the record can not be understood. Reference A. Ekambaranathan, "The Arhan temple at Vidur", Mukkudai, March, 1982, p. 12. No. 497 Village Valur Taluk Tindivanam District South Arcot Findspot the To the left of the entrance into central shrine of the Jaina temple. Dynasty King Date In modern characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the renovation of the temple by one Jeyasena. Reference ARE, 124/1919.

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422 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Remarks This inscription, in modern characters, records the renovation of the temple and hence, the original structure should be of an earlier date. But the exact period of the earlier edifice can not be ascertained. No. 498 Village Vilukkam Taluk Tindivanam District South Arcot Findspot Around the foot prints placed on a platform by the side of a manpapa in the village. Dynasty King Date Tamil Language and Script Contents Mentions the name of a monk, Gunasa haradevar. Reference K.Krishnamurti, "Foot prints at Vilukkam", Mukkudai, December, 1984, pp. 2-4. Remarks The foot-prints are of Gunasa haradeva, who is said to be a monk looking after the Jaina establishments at Vilukkam and nearby villages.

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THANJAVUR DISTRICT 1. Avarani 2 Kuhur Maruttuvakkugi 4. Pallankoil 5. Ponvisaintanpatti 6. Sendalai 7. Tirunagasvaram No. 499 Village Avarani Talok Nagapattinam District Thanjavur

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424 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On a stone in the Siva temple. Dynasty Chola King Kulottunga Date 15th regnal year (1193 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents (Records an endowment to the Siva temple of the place). The inscription also refers to the Jaina establishment viz., Chittirale haipperumpalli, in the course of a land transaction in which the lands of this palli and the Siva temple were exchanged. Reference ARE, 487/1922, K. G. Krishnan, Studies in South History and Epigraphy, p. 126. Indian Remarks Vestiges of this Jaina palli are not found in the vicinity of the village. No. 500 Village Kuhur Taluk Kumbakonam District Thanja vur

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Thanjavur District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 501 Village Taluk District 54 On the south wall of the central shrine in the Amravanesvara (Siva) temple. Chola Kulottunga I (1070-1120 A.D.) Tamil 425 Incomplete. Seems to register a gift of land to Kulottungasolapperumpalli at Kurur alias Kulottungasolanallur in Tirunagaiyur nadu, a sub-division of Kulottungasolavalanadu and also the devadana lands of Tiruvellerukkisvaramudaiyar and Tirumambalamudaiyar temples. ARE, 288/1917. The Jaina palli and the village were named after the Chola king Kulottunga. At present, vestiges of the Jaina temple are not found in the vicinity of the village. The ancient name of Kuhur was Kurur. Maruttuvakkudi Papanasam Thanjavur

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426 Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 502 Village Taluk District Findspot On the south wall of the mandapa infront of the central shrine in the Airavatesvara (Siva) temple. Choja Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Kulottunga III 16th regnal year (1194 A.D.) Tamil Records gift of land to the Siva temple. Also refers to two Jaina pallis, Sedikulamanikkapperumpalli and Gangarula Sundarapperumpalli, at Jananathapuram. ARE, 392/1907, SII, Vol. XXIII, No. 392. The existence of two Jaina temples at Jananathapuram is known from this record found in the Siva temple. Pallankoil Tiruttugaippundi Thanjavur Copper plate discovered from the village.

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Thanjavur District 427 Dynasty Pallava King Simbavarman Date 6th regnal year (556 A.D.) Sanskrit in Grantha, Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the grant of the village of Amanserkkai in Perunagarnadu in Venkunrakkottam and land in Tamar to Vajranandikkuravar of Paruttikkunu as pallichchandam. Narabbaya, the minister figures as the ajnapati of the grant. ARE, A-10/1958-59, TASSI, 1958 - 59, p. 41 ff. Reference Remarks This charter consists of two sections, one in Sanskrit verse and the other in Tamil prose. It records that the king Simhavarman (identified with Simhavisnu) granted the village Sramanasrama to Vajranandi of Nandi Sangha at Vardhamanes varatirtha for conducting the worship of lord Jina. The Tamil portion is addressed to the nattar of Perunagarnadu and records that the viilage Amanserkkai in Perunagarnadu as well as 16, patti of land at Tamar were granted as palsichchandam to Vajranandikkuravar. Perunagar and Tamar (Tamal) are places in the Kanchipuram taluk. Amansarkkai can not be definitely identified since there are several villages with names like Amanantangal, Ammapambakkam etc. ARE, 1958-59, pp. 3-4. This copper plate, though discovered at Pallankoil, belonged to the Jaina temple at Tirupparuttikkunju in Kanchipuram.

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428 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 503 Village Pallankoil Taluk Tiruttujaipundi District Thanja vur Findspot Copper plates dug out from the village. Dynasty Chola King Date A.D. 10th century characters Tamil Language and Script Contents Incomplete. Records a grant of land as Palsichchandam, made free of taxes, infavour of Sundaracholapperumpalli for the maintenance of Sandanandibhatarar alias Maunidevar of Nandi-Sangha and the male and female ascetics of the establishment. The lands situated in Umbalanalu (details lost) and in Dhanmalipunoi in Pugankarambainadu, were to be cultivated hereditarily by Selettikudiyan who constructed the palli on the site, purchased by him from the nagarattar of Irumudicholapuram in Umbalanalu. Reference ARE, A-29/1961-62, TASSI, 1958-59, pp. 84 ff. Remarks The six plates of this group are numbered 13, 15, 18, 19, 21 and 23. The other plates have not been recovered.

Page #451
Thanjavur District No. Village Taluk 504 District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Ponvilaintanpatti Tiruvaiyagu Thanjavur On a stone found in the village. Pallava Nandivarman II A.D. 8th century characters Tamil 429 Fragmentary. Records that during the reign of Nandivarman, the wife of..... duhu Muttaraiyan. .... Kuvavan (made a gift of some gold to the palli). N. Kasinathan, Muttaraiyar, pp. 46-47. This record seems to have been issued by Perumbiduhu Muttaraiyan Kuvavan, who was one of the Muttaraiyar chieftains.

Page #452
430 No. 505 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Sendalai Thanjavur Thanjavur On a stone built into the outer gopura of the Sundaresvara (Siva) temple. Chola Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Parakesarivarman 12th regnal year (A.D.10th century characters) Tamil Records that one Arambaviran received 150 ilakkasu from Kanakasenabhatara of the palli in Vadakaviranadu and inlieu of that agreed to repair the Virasikhamanippereri (tank). He also agreed to pay 150 kalam of paddy annually as interest for the amount received from Kanakasenabhatara. Another fragmentary inscription found on the same wall also mentions the name of Kanakas enabhatara and Arambaviran. ARE, 7/1899, SII, Vol. VI, No. 443. These stones containing the inscriptions should have been taken from a ruined Jaina temple nearby and used for the construction of the gopura.

Page #453
Thanjavur District No. 506 Village Tiruna gesvaram Taluk Kumbakonam District Thanjavur Findspot On a pillar lying in a mandapa at the end of the street infront of the Naganathaevami (Siva) temple. Dynasty King Chola (Aditya 1) (871-907 A.D.) Date Tamil Language and Script Contents The inscription is dated to the time of Aditya, on palaeographical grounds. It records the provision made by the Perunagarattar (merchant community) of Kumaramattandapuram in Tiraim ur-nadu for the renovation of the surrounding hall (tiruchchurralai) and the gopura in a Jaina temple called Miladudaiyarpalli. Kumaramarttanda seems to have been a surname of the Pallava king Nandivarman III, Reference ARE, 222/1911, SII, Vol. III, No. 91. Remarks The village Kumaramarttangapuram was obviously named after Nandivarman III. The Chola king Aditya I is said to have married the daughter of Nandivarman III as is evident from a record from Chittamur, in which she is called Kadavarkonpavai. (See, Chittamur Inscriptions.)

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17 No. 507 Village Taluk TIRUCHIRAPPALLI DISTRICT District 1. Anbil 2. Jambukesvaram 3. Pugalur 4. Sivayam 5. Tiruchirappalli Anbil Tiruchirappalli Tiruchirappalli

Page #455
Tiruchirappalli District 433 Findspot On a stone built into the floor of the Ganasa temple. Dynasty King Date Tamil Language and Script Contents Damaged. It is a record of the mercantile group of the Chitrame lipperiyanattar. Seems to record some arrangements made for worship in the Amudamoliperumpalli at Tiruvidaikkudi in Poygainalu, a subdivision of Rajaraja valanadu. Reference ARE, 601/1902, SII, Vol. VIII, No. 198. Remarks The stone seems to have been brought here from some other place. The details of the record can not be made out since the Jast part is obliterated, No. 508 Village Jambukasvaram Taluk Tiruchirappalli District Tiruchirappalli 55

Page #456
434 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On the south wall of the third prakara of the Jambukasvara (Siva) temple. Dynasty Chola King Rajarajadeva III Date 17th regnal year (1233 A.D.) Tamil Language and Script Contents Registers a sale of land in RajarajanKugranguoi by several persons of Turaiyur to the temple (Jambukesvaram). Also mentions a Jaina temple (amanpalli) named Kavirajapperumpalli. Reference ARE, 32/1937-38. Remarks It is interesting to note that this inscription found in the Siva temple recording the grant of lands to the same institution, also mentions a Jaina palli. But the exact place of the palli, its nature and other details connected with it are not known from the epigraph. No. 509 Village Pugalur Taluk Karur District Tiruchirappalli

Page #457
Tiruchirappalli District 435 Findspot On the pillow of the rock-cut bed in the cavern of the Arunattar hill near Valayudampalayam.. Dynasty Chera (Irumpogai) King Ilankatunko Date 3rd-4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents (The) abode (urai) of Cenkayapan, a Jaina monk (amannan) from Yarfur. (This) stone abode was (caused to be) cut by Ilankatuoko, (the) son of Perunkatuikon, (the) son (of the) king Atan Cellirumporai, on becoming (the) beir-apparent. Reference ARE, 349/1927-28, I. Mahadevan, op.cit., Pugadur, No. 1, T.V. Mahalingam, op.cit., pp. 279-280. Remarks It is of great interest to note that this inscription mentions three persons, in the grand father, father and son relationship, namely Atan Cellirumporai, Perunkatunkon and. Ilankatunkon. . They were members of the early Chera dynasty, referred to in Patirruppattu (Ten Idylls), one of the Sangam classics. Ibid., p. 280.

Page #458
436 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 510 Village Pugalur Taluk Karur District Tiruchirappalli Findspot On the brow of the second cave in the same hill. Dynasty Chera (Irumpogai) King Ilankatunko Date 3rd 4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Language and Script Contents Letters missing in some portion. (To) Cenka [yapan), the Jaina monk (from) Yasur; (This) stone (abode) was caused to be cut by Katunkon Ilankaturko, (the) son of Perunkatunkon, (the) son of the king. Atan Cellirumporai, on becoming (the) heir-apparent. Reference ARE, 297/1963-64, I. Mahadevan, op.cit., Pugalur, No. 2, K. G. Krishnan, Studies in South Indian History and Epigraphy, pp. 24-30. Remarks This record seems to be a copy of the previous inscription, containing the same information.

Page #459
Tiruchirappalli District No. 511 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 512 Village Taluk District Pugalur Karur Tiruchirappalli On the pillow of the rock-cut bed in the cavern. 3rd 4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Kiran (and) Korgan, (the) sons (of) Pitantai of Nalliyur. ARE, 346/1927-28, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugalur, No. 3, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 283-284. 437 Pugalur Karur Tiruchirappalli

Page #460
438 Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 513 Village Taluk District On the brow of the first cave to the south of the hill. Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu 3rd 4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Monastery caused to be made (by) Kiran (and) Ori, (the) younger sons of Pitan of Nalliyur. ARE, 296/1963-64, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugalur, No. 4. This seems to be connected with the previous record as it mentions the sons of Pitan (Pitantai) of Nalliyur. Pugalur Karur Tiruchirappalli

Page #461
Tiruchirappalli District 439 Findspot On the pillow-lofts of the rock-cut beds in the cavern. Dynasty King Date 3rd - 4th centuries A.D. Language and Script Tamil, Brahmi Contents a. (The) bed of Cenkayapa(n) (of) Yalfur. b. Another fragment reads : Bed (given by) ....... Reference ARE, 342/1927-28, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugalur, Nos. 5 & 6. No. 514 Village Pugalur Taluk Karur District Tiruchirappalli Findspot On the pillow-loft of a rock-cut bed in the same cavern. Dynasty King

Page #462
440 Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 515 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script 3rd-4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu It is a fragmentary record mentioning the bed (atittanam). ARE, 341/1927-28, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugalur, No. 7, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 280. Pugalur Karur Tiruchirappalli On the pillow-lofts of the rock-cut beds in the cavern. 3rd - 4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi

Page #463
Tiruchirappalli District 441 Contents a. Fragmentary. The bed of Vaniatan, a merchant. b. Another fragment just at the right side, which mentions 'makan' meaning son. Reference ARE, 345/1927-28, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugajur, Nos. 8 & 9, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 283. No. 516 Village Pugalur Talak Karur District Tiruchirappalli Findspot On the pillow-loft of a rock-cut bed in the cavern. Dynasty King Date 3rd - 4th centuries A.D. Language and Script Tamil, Brahmi Contents A fragmentary record mentioning, Korfantai Ilavan .... three .... Reference ARE, 344/1927-28. I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugalur, No. 10, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 282. 56

Page #464
442 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu No. 517 Village Pugalur Taluk Karur District Tiruchirappalli Findspot On the pillow-loft of a rock-cut bed in the cavern. Dynasty -- King Date 3rd-4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Language * and Script Contents (The) bed of Atti, (a) gold merchant from Karu-ur. Reference ARE, 343/1927-28, 1. Mahadevan, op, cit., Pugalur, No. 11, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 281. Remarks Karur was the capital of the early Chera kings, now a small town in the Trichirappalli district.

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Tiruchirappalli District No. 518 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Language and Script Contents Reference No. 519 Village Taluk District Pugalur Karur Tiruchirappalli On the pillow-loft of a rock-cut bed in the cavern. 3rd 4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi Fragmentary. It reads Ilankiran, (the) son of....nakan. 443 ARE, 347/1927-28, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugalur, No. 12, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 284. Sivayam 2 Kulittalai Tiruchirappalli

Page #466
444 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On a rock called Sundakkapapai. Dynasty King Date (archaic characters) Tamil Language and Script Contents Registers the names Viramallan and Siyamittiran in archaic characters. In another place is engraved the term "Ya-karadu', also in ancient alphabet. The rock has a row of five beds cut into it. Reference ARE, 50/1913. Remarks The date of the record is not known to us. Viramallan and Siyamittiran seem to be the names of monks who resided in the caves. No. 520 Village Tiruchirappalli Taluk Tiruchirappalli District Tiruchirappalli Findspot On a rock leading to the cavern on the top of the rock forti Dynasty King

Page #467
Tiruchirappalli District Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 521 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date 3rd 4th centuries A.D. Tamil, Brahmi To Cenkayipan (damaged, reading doubtful) ARE, 139/1937-38, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Trichirapalli No. 1. 445 It is read as 'Kupagaghari' by the Government Epigraphist and the record is assigned to the 2nd century B.C. ARE, 1937-38, No. 139. Tiruchirappalli Tiruchirappalli Tiruchirappalli On the pillows of the rock-cut beds in a cavern behind the Uchchipillaiyar shrine on the top of the rock-fort. wan A.D. 7th century characters

Page #468
446 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Tamil Language and Script Contents A few stone pillows of the rock-cut beds show traces of obliterated writing, recording possibly the names of the occupants of the beds. One of these bears the name 'Chira', the bearer of which was perhaps a monk of repute and possibly the settlement was called Tiruchirappalli after him. Reference ARE, 1937-38, pt. II, p. 78. No. 522 Village Tiruchirappalli Taluk Tiruchirappalli District Tiruchirappalli Findspot On the ledge of the rock leading to the cavern behind the Uchchipillaiyar shrine on the top of the rock-fort. Dynasty King Date A.D. 7th century characters. Tamil, Grantha, Vatteluttu Language and Script

Page #469
Tiruchirapalli District 447 Contents Labels such as Kamt(uhu, Namostu, Pravulai, Tanchahara (ka), Senatandan, Amithananda, Gatadzsa and Kaivilakku are engraved at different places. Reference ARE, 132-140/1937-38. Remarks Of these labels, Kamttuhu, and Tanchaharaka are doubtfully taken to be the titles of the Pallava king Mahendra I, ARE, 1937-38, pt. II, pp. 78-79) while the others such as Gatadosa, s'enatandan, Amithananda and Kaivilakku are said to be names probably of Jaina monks. (T. V. Mahalingam Early South Indian Palaeography, pp. 301-307), However, their affiliation to the Jaina sect is not proved beyond doubt. No. 523 Village Tiruchirappalli Taluk Tiruchirappalji District Tiruchirappalli Findspot In the cavern on the top of the rock-fort. Dynasty King Date A.D. 11th century characters

Page #470
448 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Sanskrit, Grantha Language and Script Contents Contains an announcement by a person with the biruda Vadipralaya-bhairava' about his arrival here after defeating all disputants and visiting the Karna gamandala. Near this inscription are found, carved in lowrelief, a pair of sandals, and in depression, an dsana. Reference ARE, 103/1937-38. Remarks This record also can not be definitely attributed to the Jains, as the term Bhairaya generally refers to a mendicant or to the deity of the Kapalika subsect of Saivism. However, the title Vadipralaya--bhairava' (a Bhairava of disputants) was borne by Jaina monks also. ARE, 1937-38, pt. II, p. 79.

Page #471
18 TIRUNELVELI KATTABOMMAN DISTRICT 1. Eguvali 2. Kufialam 3. Majukaltalai 4. Singikulam No. 524 Village Equvadi Taluk Na ogunari District Tirunelveli Kattabomman Findspot On a boulder in the Irattaipottai rock. Dynasty Pandya 57

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450 King Date Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Maganjadaiyan 43rd regnal year (799 A.D.) Tamil, Vatteluttu Registers a gift of land by Irambattuvelan-Sattan as pallichchandam to the temple of Aruvalattu Bhataraka of Tiruviruttalai in Nattagruppokku. A Tamil verse at the end, composed by the donor himself, contains an exhortation to all to offer worship to the Arhan on the hill. ARE, 605/1915, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 41. K. V. Ramesh gives the following details. Lines 12, 17 and 18 of this inscription mention pappacanrar of Kilcceri in Nattukkurumbu as the protectors and executers of the grant. It appears that the learned brahmanas (parppar) of Kilcceri were entrusted with the task of managing this grant made to a Jaina deity. In the verse occurring in lines 22-26, the donor eulogises the Arhat as 'one with. out end' (antam-il), as the 'source of many qualities' (palgunattadi) and as the healer of voes (idar-tirkkum). A. Chakravarti, Jaina literature in Tamil, (ed. K.V. Ramesh), Notes p. 153.

Page #473
Tirunelveli Kattabomman District 451 No. 525 Village Equvadi Taluk Nanguneri District Tirunelveli Kattabomman Findspot On the same rock, below the image. Dynasty King Date A.D. 8th century characters Language and Script Tamil, Vatteluttu Contents States that the image (below which the inscription is engraved) was to be protected by the assembly of Nattasquppokku. Reference ARE, 604/1915, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 130. No. 526 Village Eruvadi Taluk Nanguneri District Tirunelveli Kattabomman

Page #474
452 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Findspot On the same boulder, below another image. Dynasty King Date A.D. 8th century characters Tamil, Vatteluttu Language and Script Contents States that the work (of having done the image) was that of Ajjanandi. Reference ARE, 603/1915, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 129. No. 527 Village Kurtalam Taluk Tenkasi District Tirunelveli Kattabomman Findspot On a rock called Paradesiportai in a cave on the hill. Dynasty King Date (A.D. 3rd century characters) Tamil, Brahmi. Language and Script

Page #475
Tirunelveli Kattabomman District Contents Reference Remarks No. 528 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date The characters and symbols of the record are quite unintelligible. (The rock, Paradeesiportai, is evidently named after a religious mendicant who used to live in the cave). ARE, 25/1912, also, pt. II, p. 57. 453 Though the record had not been deciphered correctly, it may be connected with Jainism. See, M. S. Venkatasamy, Samanamum Tamilum, p. 128. The photographic illustration of the record reveals (ARE, pt. II, p. 57) that it is in Brahmi characters of the 3rd century A.D. Certain letters like u, nu, ma, e, ja are distinct, while the others are very much obliterated. Magukaltalai Tirunelveli Tirunelveli Kattabomman On a rock bed in the hill called Puviludaiyarmalai, 10 miles from Palayankottai. 2nd-1st centuries B.C.

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454 Language and Script Contents Reference Remarks No. 529 Village Taluk District Findspot Dynasty King Date Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Tamil, Brahmi (The) rock bed caused to be given (by) Kasipan (a) vel. ARE, 407/1906, I. Mahadevan, op.cit., Magukaltalai, No. 1, T.V. Mahalingam, op.cit., pp. 218-223. The name of the person who caused to be given the rock-cut bed is also read as Venkasipan. The rock-cut bed is referred to as Kal Kanchanam. Singikulam Nanguneri Tirunelveli Kattabomman On the west and south walls of the Bhagavati temple on the hill. Pandya Magavarman TribhuvanachakravartiSundarapandya II. 15th year and 360th day (1253-54 A.D.)

Page #477
Tirunelveli Kattabomman District 455 Tamil Language and Script Contents Begins with the introduction Bhumiyum Tiruvum. ... etc. It records the original order of the king, and is connected with another inscription (269/1940-41) found on the north wall of the same temple. Reference ARE, 270/19 0:41. Remarks The order records remission of taxes on two plots of pallichchandam lands, endowed for the worship in the temple of Nyayaparipala Perumpalli (see, 269/1940-41). No 530 Village Singikulam Taluk Nanguneri District Tirunelveli Kattabomman Findspot On the north wall of the Bhagavati temple on the hill, Dynasty Pandya King Tribhuvanachakravarti Konerinmaikondan. (Maravarman Sundara Pandya II) Date 15th year and 388th day (1254 A.D.)

Page #478
456 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Tamil Language and Script Contents Records the ulvari giving effect to an order of the king issued at the request of (the minister) Appan Tamilappallavaraiyar, remitting the taxes on two plots of land endowed after purchase from the nagarattar of Rajarajapuram by Matisa garan Adibhattarakan of Pugalokarnathanallur in Pugalokanathavalanadu, as Kardnmai pallichchandam for the worship to the image of Enakkunallanayakar in the Jaina temple of Nyayaparipala Perumpalli, set up by the donor on the hill at Tioiyur called Jinagirimamalai in the name of Tamilappallavaraiyan, who is called Oruvarunarndan Enakkunallaperumal and who is stated to be a native of Rajavallavapuram in Kilvemba-nadu. Reference ARE, 269/1940-41.

Page #479
APPENDIX - I Reference to Pallichchandam and names of Jaina villages occuring in records found in Hindu temples. CHENGALPATTU DISTRICT 1. Kanchipuram, Kanchipuram taluk. Pallichchandam lands excluded from an agreement. ARE, 9/1898, SII, Vol. I, No. 145. 2. Kanchipuram, same taluk. Remission of six kalam of paddy per veli of lands granted as pallichchandam. ARE, 556/1919. 58 3. Kanchipuram, same taluk. Remission of paddy on certain lands like pallichchandam etc. ARE, 566/1919, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 407.

Page #480
458 4. Ramagiri, Tiruvallur taluk. Remission of taxes from pallichchandam and other classes of lands. ARE, 657/1904, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 714. 5. Tirupputkuli, Kanchipuram taluk. Pallichchandam land excluded from a grant. SII, Vol. VII, No. 55. 6. Velachcheri, Saidapet taluk. Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu Velichcheri alias Jinachintamani Chaturvedimangalam. ARE, 303, 307, 314/1911. DHARMAPURI DISTRICT 7. Chudapuram, Hosur taluk. * 1. Remission of taxes on pallichchandam land. ARE, 484/1970-71. KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT 8. Kadiyapattanam, Kalkulam taluk. Pallichchandam land near Kadiyapattanam and Seramangalam. TAS, Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 105. 9. Kanyakumari, Agasteeswaram taluk. Grant of lands excluding pallichchandam. TAS, Vol. I, pt. 3, p. 5.

Page #481
Appendix - 1 459 10. Kanyakumari, Agasteeswaram taluk. The devadana lands of the Bhagavati temple excluded some pallichchandam lands. TAS, Vol. I, No. 111, p. 5. 11. Puravaraseri, Agasteeswaram taluk. Grant of land to a Visnu temple, which was originally a pallichchandain land. TAS, Vol. IV, pt. 2, p. 153. NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT 12. Brahmade sam, Cheyyar taluk. Brahmadesam was known as Jinachintamani-Chaturvedimangalam and Dinachintamani Chaturvedimangalam. ARE, 269, 265, 271/1915. 13. Maranam, Cheyyar taluk. Palsichchandam land in the village Morandam. ARE, 155/1965-66. 14. Poigai, Vellore taluk. Gift of lands excluding palsichchandam. ARE, 77/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 64. 15. Sakkaramallur, Walajapet taluk. Refers to pallichchandam land, made tax-free. ARE, 33/1940-41.

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460 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu 16. Tiruvannamalai, Tiruvannamalai taluk. Pallichchandam land to the east of Adaiyur. Another record refers to palsichchandam land at Tachchar. SII, Vol. VIII, No. 67, 79. 17. Ukkal, Cheyyar taluk. Royal order to confiscate lands held by Brahmanas, Jains etc., incase of defaulting of land revenue. ARE, 29/1893, SII, Vol. III, No. 9. RAMANATHAPURAM DISTRICT 18. Devipattinam, Ramanad taluk. Palsichchandam land on the boundary of the village Kisiyur. SII., Vol. VIII, No. 404. SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT 19. Chidambaram, Chidambaram taluk. Palsichchandam land in Afur alias Rajarajanallur. SII, Vol. VIII, No. 51. 20. Kiliyauur, Tindivanam taluk. Gift of the village Amanpakkam to the Visnu temple at Kilinallur. ARE, 163/1919.

Page #483
Appendix - I 21. Kilur, Tirukkoilur taluk. Lands of the Mukkudaiyavar (Jaina deity) excluded from some endowment. SII, Vol. VIII, No. 863. 22. Tirukkoilur, Tirukkoilur taluk. Mentions pallichchandam land. SII, Vol. VIII, Nos. 889, 890. 23. Tittaikudi, Vridachalam taluk. Refers to pallichchandam in Toluvurparru of the village Vakaiyur. SII, Vol. VIII, No. 279. THANJAVUR DISTRICT 25. 24. Koviladi, Thanjavur taluk. Maraneri Jinachintamani hamlet of Kilimangalam. SII, Vol. VII, No. 495. 461 Chaturvedimangalam, a Tiruloki, Kumbakonam taluk. Mentions several kinds of lands like pallichchandam, devadana etc. ARE, 103/1931-32. 26. Tiruppanandah, Kumbakonam taluk. Exclusion of pallichchandam from taxes. ARE, 74/1931-32, pt. II, p. 54.

Page #484
462 27. Tirutturaippundi Thanjavur taluk. Mentions palichchandam land in Sattamangalam. ARE. 466/1912. 28. Tiruvisalur, Kumbakonam taluk. Refers to pallichchandam land. Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu ARE, 48/1907, SII, Vol. XXIII, No. 48. TIRUCHIRAPALLI DISTRICT 29. Tirumalavadi, Udaiyarpalayam taluk. Tirumalavadi alias Jinachintamani Chaturvedimangalam. ARE, 22/1920. 31. 30. Tiruppalaitturai, Tiruchirapalli taluk. PUDUKOTTAI DISTRICT Pallichchandam land in the village Pulivallam. SII, Vol. VIII, Nos. 557, 572. Adanur, Tirumayyam taluk. Gift of lands excluding pallichchandam etc., temple. PSI, No. 623, line 3. 32. Karaiyur, Tirumayyam taluk. Pallichchandam land in Karaiyur. PSI, No. 584, line 6. to Siva

Page #485
Appendix - I 463 33. Kiranur, Kalattur taluk. Refers to a village Amankuli. PSI, No. 198, line 6. etc., to the 34. Kottaiyur, Tirumayyam taluk. Gift of land excluding pallichchandam Visnu temple, PSI, No. 798, line 7. 35. Kudalur, Tirumayyam taluk. Endowment of land which excluded pallichchandam land, PSI, No. 447, line 23. 36. Kunnandarkoil, Kulattur taluk. Gift of land excluding passichchandam etc. PSI, No. 559, fine 12. 37. Ponnamarapati, Tirumayyam taluk. Gift of land excluding passichchandam to the Cholesvara temple. PSI, No. 578, line 7. 38. Tirukagaranam, Alanguoi taluk. Gift of land to the Kogarnesvara temple which excluded some pallichchandam land. PSI, No. 590, line 7. 39. Tirukkulambur, Tirumayyam taluk. Gift of land excluding palsichchandam to Siva temple PSI, No. 588, line 3.

Page #486
464 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu 40. Tiruvarangulam, Alanguli taluk. Gift of lands excluding palsichchandam temple. PSI, No. 364, line 8. etc., to Siva 41. Virachchilai, Tirumayyam taluk. Grant of some lands to Siva temple which excluded the palsichchandam land. PSI, No. 463, lines 6 & 11.

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ABOUT THE PUBLISHERS. RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR JAINOLOGY was established in 1982 through the unfted efforts of all sections of Jalna community. One of the objectives of the Foundation is to publish and to aid in publishing literature pertaining to Jainology. The first project already fulfilled by the Foundation was establishment of a new Department of Jalnology in the University of Madras with an Endowment of Rs. 15 lakhs from the Foundation. The Department started functioning in full swing from the academic year 1986-87. The courses offered are: Certificate in Jalnology, Diploma in Jainology, M.A. Degree in Jalnology, M. Phil Degree in Jalnology and Ph.D. In Jainology. As its next Project, the Foundation is proposing to establish a Campus in Polal (Red Hills Area) in the outskirts of Madras City. This campus will provide accommodation for students, professors and scholars, with Targe Library facilities. Accommodation will also be available to such of those noble-hearted souls who, Inspite of facilities in their homes, desire to stay in the Campus and spend the rest of their lives in Sadhana, meditation and service to the Foundation in any manner they like. The ambition of the Foundation is to raise the above two Projects to levels of International eminence, for the up liftment of mankind and for world peace and fraternity. The Foundation earnestly solicits the co-operation and assistance of one and all for the successful implementation of these noble Schemes.

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ATIONS ON FOR OUNDA CH FOU JAIN NOLO RESE OGY paramparopagraho jIvAnAma NANAM MADRAS M PAYASAS ARAM arrivee velli lliccm