Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu

Author(s): A Ekambarnathan, C K Sivprakasham
Publisher: Research Foundation for Jainology Chennai
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006562/1

Page #1

JAINA INSCRIPTIONS
IN TAMILNADU
(A TOPOGRAPHICAL LIST)
FICHIEPL
nesteert EYLHEJ 90591 LFCsernye Bild
Dr.A.EKAMBARANATHAN Dr.C.K.SIVAPRAKASAM

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ABOUT THE BOOK.
... To get information about the history of Jalna thought in Tamilnadu, Its influence and its contribution in various fields of human activity, one had to wade through Palm-leaf manuscripts, old editions of literary works and epigraphical reports now not reprinted, oral lectures from erudito scholars, visits to monuments, - dilapidated and under worship - containing Inscriptions, icons and paintings. Compllation of such information in one volume removes to a great extent this difficulty. This volume will satiate every research minded person in his search for truth...
S. SRIPAL, 1.P.S.

Page #3

JAINA INSCRIPTIONS IN TAMILNADU
(A TOPOGRAPHICAL LIST)
Dr. A. EKAMBARANATHAN, M.A., Ph.D., DEPARTMENT OF ANCIENT HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS, MADRAS - 600 005.
&
Dr. C. K. SIVAPRAKASAM, M.A., Ph.D.,
DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY,
A.V.V.M. SRI PUSHPAM COLLEGE, POONDI, THANJAVUR - 613 503.
RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR JAINOLOGY, MADRAS - 600 079,

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Research Foundation for Jainology, Madras - 79.
First Edition. 1987.
Published by
Printed by
Research Foundation for Jainology (Regd.), "Sugan House",
18, Ramanuja Iyer Street,
Sowcarpet,
Madras 600 079.
P. H. Viswanathan, The Balussery Press, 30, Singarachari Street, Madras - 600 005.

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Foreword
Preface
Publisher's Note
CONTENTS
1. Aņņa District
2. Chengalpattu District
3.
Chidambaranar District
4.
Coimbatore District
5. Dharmapuri District
6
Kamarajar District
7. Kanyakumari District
8. Madras District
9. Madurai District
10. North Arcot District
11. Pasumpon Muthu Ramalingam District
12. Periyar District
13. Pudukkottai District
14. Ramanathapuram District
15. South Arcot District
16. Thanjavur District
17. Tiruchirappalli District
18. Tirunelveli Kattabomman District
Appendix-1
Page
<
ix
xii
1
25
5355
100
102
110
118
140
145
213
293
295
308
333
336
423
432
449
457

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ABBREVIATIONS
ARE.
Annual Report on Epigraphy
Epi, Ind.
Epigraphia Indica
PSI
Pudukkottai State Inscriptions
SII.
South Indian Inscriptions
TAS.
Travancore Archaeological Series
TASSI.
Transactions of the Archaeological Society of South India.
DIACRITICAL MARKS
ள்
!

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FOREWORD
Thiru S. SRIPAL, I.P.S.,
(INSPECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE, TAMILNADU)
CHAIRMAN,
RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR JAINOLOGY, 18, RAMANUJA IYER STREET, SOWCARPET, MADRAS
600 079.
1
This magnum opus, "Jaina Inscriptions in TamilnaduA Topographical list", indefatigably and meticulously compiled by Dr. A. Ekambaranathan and Dr. C. K. Sivaprakasam, is a long awaited boon for research scholars. To get information about the history of Jaina thought in Tamilnadu, its influence and its contribution in various fields of human activity, one had to wade through palm-leaf manuscripts, old editions of literary works and epigraphical reports now not reprinted, oral lectures from erudite scholars, visits to monuments - dilapidated and under worshipcontaining inscriptions, icons and paintings. Compilation of such information in one volume removes to a great extent this difficulty. This volume will satiate every research minded person in his search for truth. The history of Jainism in Tamilnadu has not received due treatment in the past, and I feel that this volume is the first step taken in the right direction, and association of the Research Foundation for Jainology with this huge task is but logical.
Inscriptions on open rocks, rock-cut beds and walls of temples; sculptures carved on boulders, paintings etc., depicting the
V

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spiritual contribution of Jaina Tirthankaras, their life sketches, ascetic wanderings to which we have references in Bhagavatapuraṇa, Viṣṇupurana and other ancient literature, charities and donations made liberally by kings to Jaina monasteries are to be found in every district of Tamilnadu. Grammar, didactic literature, epics and commentaries on epics are the fields in Tamil literature where contribution by Jaina thinkers in the last three to four thousand years is acknowledged to be substantial by eminent scholars.
Non-killing, not eating meat and society free of women of easy virtues are three important concepts propounded and emphasised in Tirukkural created over two thousand years ago by a Tamil genius. These concepts find place as ahimsa and brahma. charya in the celebrated Anuvrat adored by Jains. The term AdhiBhagavan appearing in the first couplet meaning "the first omniscient", is taken by some Jaina scholars as the first of the twenty four Jaina Tirthankaras, Lord Rishabanatha. He is also known by the names Adhinatha, Adhiśvami etc. The argument of these scholars is that the word Adhi is there in the first couplet to denote the first of the twenty four Bhagavans. The influence of Jaina thought on Tirukkural is referred to by several scholars. Ahimsa is mentioned as the foremost Dharma in Tirukkural and Himsa as the seed bed of all other evils.. It is not my intention to enter into or generate any controversy or argument, but I am merely reproducing the views of some scholars in the past only to highlight the dominent role played by Jaina thought in shaping and moulding the socio-cultural life of the ancient Tamil land.
The publication of this compendium is bound to generate a lot of interest amidst avid historians and researchers because of the magnificient and scientific way in which it projects the notable and purposeful part played by Jaina thought in Tamilnadu. I heartily congratulate the authors and the Research Foundation for Jainology for associating itself with this invaluable publication.
Madras, 1-3-1987.
vi
S. SRIPAL

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FOREWORD
Dr. T. G. KALGHATGI, M.A., Ph.D.,
PROFESSOR AND HEAD,
DEPARTMENT OF JAINOLOGY,
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS, MADRAS 600 005.
A Persian poet has compared the universe to an old manuscript of which the first and last pages have been lost. It is not possible for us to say easily how the book began and how it is likely to end. For centuries, man has been trying to discover the lost pages. That is knowledge. "Jaina inscriptions in Tamilnadu - A Topographical list" compiled by Dr. A. Ekambaranathan and Dr.C.K. Sivaprakasam is an admirable attempt in discovering the lost pages in the history and development of Jaina influence in Tamilnadu. The inscriptions and palm-leaf manuscripts are reliable source materials for understanding the course of the influence of Jaina thought on the life of the people of Tamilnadu, and the authors have put in strenuous efforts in collecting the documents for the benefit of scholars of Jainism.
As the authors say in the preface, there is no doubt that Jainism played an important role in the socio-cultural mileu of the Tamils and left an indelible mark on the life and thought of the people in this area. The Jaina vestiges in the form of monuments, sculptures, paintings and inscriptions give scope for scientific study of the history of Jainism in this part of the country.
vii

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The present work is a collection of 530 Jaina inscriptions in Tamilnadu from the earliest times to the modern period. The collection has been systematically presented district wise in 18 chapters with an appendix. Some epigraphs from places like Saravananpēḍu, Velappäḍi and Chittamur have been discovered by Dr. A. Ekambaranathan. If we go through the inscriptions, we find revealing material throwing light on the history of Jainism in this region. It is worthy of note that large number of early records come from the southern districts, while later epigraphs are abundant in the northern districts of Tamilnadu. Obviously, the concentration of the Jains prior to the 10th century A.D. was mainly in the southern part and subsequently several settlements sprang up in the northern part of the state.
The inscriptions collected in this book also give an insight into the political history of the area. The early Brahmi records have the credit of supplementing our knowledge with the names of five kings of the Sangam age. The patronage extended to Jainism by the Pallava, Chōļa, Pāṇḍya and Vijayanagar rulers is apparent from their lithic records found in epicentres like Kalugumalai, Madurai, Tirupparuttikungu, Tirumalai, Tirunagungoṇḍai etc. Most of these kings, though followers of Hinduism, were tolerent towards Jainism. There was mutual respect for each others' faith. It is a great lesson to the recent rise of fundamentalism in our country.
Dr. A. Ekambaranathan and Dr. C. K. Sivaprakasam have done great service to the study of ancient inscriptions of Jaina faith in particular and to the history of Tamilnadu in general. The authors deserve our felicitation for the rich contribution to the
Jainological studies. The book is a valuable addition to the library pertaining to the study of Jainology. I hope more and more such works will come out of the facile pen of Dr. A. Ekambaranathan and Dr. C. K. Sivaprakasam.
Madras, 9-3-1987.
viii
T. G.
KALGHATGI

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PREFACE
Jainism had a long but chequered history over a period of two thousand years in the southern part of the Peninsular India. There is no denying of the fact that it played a dominant role in the socio-cultural mileu of the Tamils and had left indelible marks on the thought and life of the people. The rich Jaina vestiges in the form of monuments, sculptures and inscriptions in Tamilnadu provide ample scope for scientific study which is yet to receive due attention from scholars. Of these antiquarian remains, the epigraphs engraved on caves, rocks, walls of temples and on pedestals of images, throw a flood of light on the socio-economic and religious life of the people.
Great hardship is encountered by those--be it a common reader or scholar engaged in reaearch-who seek access to the epigraphical materials published since 1885 by the Epigraphy Department of the Archaeological Survey of India, Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu, and other inscriptions reported by individuals in some research journals and magazines. Hence, the need for presenting them in a single volume was found to be a desideratum. Having this in view, proposals to bring out a Topographical list of Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu were sent to the Research Foundation for Jainology, Madras-600 079, which in turn generously accepted the proposals and also agreed to undertake its publication
ix

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The present work has a collection of 530 Jaina inscriptions in Tamilnadu from the earliest times down to the modern period,
llected from various sources such as Annual Reports on Epigraphy, South Indian Inscriptions, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Epigraphia Indica, Travancore Archaeological Series, Corpus of the Tamil-Brahmi Inscriptions, Inscriptions of ihe Pudukkottai State and the Kanyākumari, Madras, Dharmapuri Districts' Inscriptions published by the Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu. Besides, A Topographical list of Inscriptions in the Madras Presidency (1919) by V. Rangacharya, List of Inscriptions in Southern India (1932) by R. Sewell, A Topographical list of Inscriptions in Tamilnadu and Kerala (Vol. I, North Arcot, 1985) by T. V. Mahalingam, and various journals reporting the discovery of Jaina inscriptions were consulted to present an exhaustive list of the records available in this region.
In this work, the records have been classified chronologically and villages have been arranged alphabetically under each district. Additional information is given wherever necessary at the end of the inscriptions. The old names of the districts, as found in the Epigraphical reports, are retained for those districts which have not been bifurcated so far. The names of the newly formed districts have also been included here to make the list upto date. [Madurai bifurcated into Anņā and Madurai districts. Coimbatore divided into Periyar and Coimbatore districts. Tirunelveli bifurcated into Chidambaranār and Tirunelveli-Kattabor man districts. Rāmanāthapuram trifurcated into Kamarajar, Pasumpon Muthurāmalingam and Ramanathapuram districts.)
We owe a sense of gratitude to the authorities of the Epigraphy Department, Mysore-5 and the Southern Circle of the Archaeological Survey of India, Madras-9, for permitting us to consult the published epigraphical reports available in their libraries. Our thanks are also due to Prof. S. Thanyakumar for kindly placing the publications of the Jain Youth Forum, Madras-600 17, at our disposal. We are under deep obligation to the authorities of the Research Foundation for Jainology, Madras-600 079, for not providing a contingent grant of Rs. 5000/-to complete the project work, but also for undertaking its publication.

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Mr.S. Krishnachand Chordia, General Secretary of the Research Foundation, had been a source of inspiration from the beginning and without whose constant encouragement the work would not have been completed in time. We are deeply beholden to Thiru S. Sripal, I. P. S., (Inspector-General of Police, Tamilnadu) Chairman of the Research Foundation for Jainology and Dr. T.G. Kalghatgi, M.A., Ph.D., Professor and Head, Department of Jainology, University of Madras, for the keen interest shown in the publication of this compendium and also for kindly contributing each a foreword to it. We are indebted to Mr. P.H. Viswanathan of the Balussery Press, Madras-600 005, for the neat execution of printing the book.
Madras, 1-4-1987.
xi
A. EKAMBARANATHAN
C. K.
SIVAPRAKASAM

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PUBLISHER'S NOTE
This Book JAINA INSCRIPTIONS IN TAMILNADU (A TOPOGRAPHICAL LIST) comes out as the First Publication of the RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR JAINOLOGY, Madras.
It is our earnest hope that the publication of the book, at this juncture, will prove immensely beneficial to the students of the various courses in the Department of Jainology, University of Madras, and to the Researchers and Scholars.
Dr. A. EKAMBARANATHAN, Department of Ancient History & Archaeology, University of Madras and Dr. C.K. SIVAPRAKASAM, Department of History, A.V V.M. Sri Pushpam College, Poondi, Thanjavur, took lot of pains in compiling the information about the Jaina inscriptions spread all over TamilNadu. They have included views of some reputed scholars also. The Foundation is grateful to them for the enthusiasm, devotion and hard work put in by them in the completion of this job; in particular, Dr. A. Ekambaranathan's hard work, sincerity of purpose and devotion to the cause, spending several hours going through each and every page of printed matter and correcting them to ensure that the entire matter comes out perfectly, requires special mention.
xii

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By contributing this excellent volume, Dr. Ekambaranathan and Dr. Sivaprakasam have prepared the basic material needed by students and scholars to pursue research on the history of Jainism, and to understand how the Jaina way of life, particularly non-violence (Ahimsa), influenced the socio--religious life of the people in Tamilnadu. We are greatly indebted to Dr. Ekambaranathan and Dr. Sivaprakasam for this.
Our thanks are also due to (i) Balussery Press for printing this volume prestigiously; (ii) to Guardian Process for colourfully bringing out the wrapper page and (iii) to Artist Thiru Viswanathan for the elegance and appropriateness with which the wrapper page was designed.
Last, but not least, our grateful thanks are due to the Members of Jaina community who came forward spontaneously to share the expenses of this publication, to make it a grand success.
'SUGAN HOUSE 18, Ramanuja Iyer St., Sowcarpet, MADRAS-600 079. Dated : 10-4-1987.
S. KRISHNACHAND CHORDIA,
(General Secretary)
For RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR JAINOLOGY (REGD.)
xiii

Page #16

LIST OF DONORS
SI.
Name and address
Amount.
No.
1 Shri Meghrajjisa Sakaria, Managing Director,
Madras Foils (P) Ltd., 16, Kesavier St., Madras - 600 003.
2,500/
Surendrabhai M. Mehta, Ms. Bapalal & Co. Jewellers, 24, Cathedral Road, Madras-86.
2,500/
Dr. L. Paraschandji, 373, Mint Street, Madras-79.
1,000/
K. Parasmalljisa Lodha, B.A., B.L., 75, Bazar Road, Saidapet, Madras-15.
1,000/
M. Shantilaljisa Jain, 39, Jermiah Road, Vepery, Madras - 7.
1,000/
6
,
J. Deepchandjisa Bokdia, 3, Erulappan St., Madras-79.
1,000/
Manakchandjisa Balecha, Financier. 30, Erulappan St, Madras-79.
1,000/
xiy

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SI
No.
Name and address
Amount.
1,000/
8 Shri J. Mohanlaljisa Chordia, 54, Bazaar St.,
Mylapore, Madras-4. 9 ,
Pannalalji Surana, 27, Kandappa Mudali St., Madras-79.
1,000/
10
Jain Youth Forum, 3, Boag Road, Madras-17.
1,000/
11 Shree Suganchand Chordia Jain Memorial Trust,
18, Ramanuja lyer St, Madras-79.
2,500/
12 Shri K. M. Ballal, 6/11, Anderson Road,
Habeebullah Avenue, Madras-6.
1,000/
Surendrakumarjisa Bothra, 28, Ramaswamy St., Madras-17.
1,000/
G. L. Suranaji, 60, NSC Bose Road, Madras-79.
1,000/
,
M. Ugamrajji Shantilalji Chordia, 1A, Panruti Road, Ulundurpet, S.A. Dt.
1,000/
,,
H. Sayarchandjisa Nahar, 17, General Muthiah Mudali St, Madras-79.
1,000/
„
S. M. Vasrajjisa Jain, 17, Veerappan St., Madras-79.
1,000/
18
„
Rajkumarjisa Jain, Ms. Saraogi Traders, 85, Godown Street, Madras-1.
1,000/
19
,
Shantilaljisa Dharmichandjisa Choudhry, 177, Bazaar St., Tirupati (A.P.)
1,000/
XV

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Name and address
Amount.
20 M/s. Chandan Steel House, 295, Mint St.,
Madras-3.
1,000)
21 Smt. Ratanbai, Proprietrix, Modern Financiers,
121, Hospital Road, Bangalore-53.
1,000/
Shri Siremaljisa Bhavarlaljisa Mutha, 45, Ranga
swamy Temple St., Bangalore-53.
1,000/
Pushalaljisa Sampathrajjisa Jain, Bankers, Sirkali, Thanjavur Dt.
1,000,
V. Askaranjisa Bafpa, Financier, 150, Big Bazaar St., Mannargudi, Thanjavur Dt.
1,000/
25
,
Premrajjisa Chordia, 21, Kamala Nagar, Madurai-2.
1,000/
26 Smt. N. Vimala Devi, Wo Shri Nemichandandjisa
Khatod, 154, Bazaar St., Chidambaram, 608001. (S.A. Dt.)
1,000/
27 M/s. Siremal Hirachand Charitable Trust,
48, General Muthiah Mudali St., Madras-79.
1,000/
28 Shri Nemichandjisa Ashokkumarjisa Khatod,
154, Bazaar St., Chidambaram-608001.
1,000/
„
Dungarchandjisa Surana, 8, Palliappan Lane, Madras-79.
1,000/
30 Shri Ajeyrajjisa Jugrajjisa Mittalaljisa Singhvi,
73, Santhapet, Gudiyattam 632602, N A Dt.
1,000/
xvi

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Sl. No.
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
39
..
..
33
""
""
دو
Name and address
Mahendrakumarjisa Jain, M/s. Pradeep Commercial Corporation, 56, Sembudoss St., Madras-1.
Devrajjisa Bohra, M/s. Bohra Steel, Ekambareswarar Agraharam, Madras-3.
Lalchandjisa Gyanchandjisa Marlecha, 30, Mannarswamy Koil St., Royapuram,
Madras-13.
Nathmaljisa Sugalchandjisa Singhvi, 170, Triplicane High Road, Madras-5.
H. Anrajjisa Gadiya, M/s. Pioneer Lotteries, 98, Avvai Shanmugham Salai, Madras-14.
Hiralalbhai M. Shah, 96, Narayana Mudali St., Madras-79.
Narendrabhai M. Shah, 289, Mowbrays Road, Madras-18.
Madanchand Rikhabchand Galada Charity Trust, Madras.
G. Suwalaljisa Mahaveerchandjisa Karnawat, 56B, Big Agraharam St., Tindivanam.
Amount.
xvii
1,000/
1,000/
1,000/
1,000/--
15,000/
Jatanlaljisa Motichandjisa Daga, 'Daga House', 134, Mint Street, Madras-79 (through M/s. Anupam.)
1,000/
1,000/
1,000/
1,000/
1,000/--

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SI.
Name and address
Amount.
No.
41 Sha Dharmichandji Dhirajmalji Sethia,
78A, Sannadhi St., Tiruvannamalai, (N A Dt)
2,500/
42 Sha Anrajji Chordia Trust,
No. 5, Ramanuja Iyer Sreet, Sowcarpet, Madras-79.
1,0001
43 M/s. M. Bhandari & Sons,
128, Mint Street, Sowcarpet, Madras-79.
1,000/
44 Shri J. Dulichandjisa Chordia,
13, Ramanuja Iyer Street, Sowcarpet, Madras-79.
1,000/
45 Ladmal Bhandari Memorial Trust,
No. 34, Nungumbakkam High Road, Madras-34.
1,000/
46 M/s. S. Badalchand Chordia Trust,
51, Erulappan Street, Sowcarpet, Madras-79.
1,000/
47 Shri Natwarlalbhai N. Shah,
74, Alagappa Road, Madras-84.
1,000/
xviii

Page #21

Page
28
42
72
111
119
205
364
447
Line
(Remarks)
(Reference)
9
head line
head line
(Reference)
last para
1st line
3
ERRATA
Seem to be
ARE, 44/190
Pasumpon Muthuramalingam district
Kāmarärajar
Distric
ARE, 730/190
rock-but
Gatadĕsa
455 (Reference) ARE, 270/190-41
Read
Seems to be
ARE, 44/1890
Kāmarājar district
Kāmarājar
District
ARE, 730/1905
rock-cut
Gaţaḍosa
ARE, 270/1940-41

Page #22

ION FO
UNDATI
OCH FOL
E SEARA
RJAINC
LOGY
MH
RES
KU
परम्परोपग्रहो जीवानाम
INAM PAYP
MADRAS
YA SAYAR
YARAM
அறிவே வெ
பச்சம் |

Page #23

AŅŅĀ DISTRICT
1. Aiyyampalayam
2. Dēvattūr
3. Mēstupațţi
No. 1
Village
Aiyyampāļayam (Aivarmalai)
Taluk
Palani
District
Anna
Findspot
Above the natural cavern on the hill called Aivarmalai,
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 7th century characters
Language
and Script
Tamil, Vaţteluttu
Contents
Very much damaged. Mentions the name Srikādan.
Reference
ARE, 699/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 115.

Page #24

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 2
Village
Aiyyampāļayam (Aivarmalai)
Taluk
Palani
District
Annā
Findspot
Above the natural cavern on the hill called Aivarmalai
Dynasty
Pandya
King
Varaguņa II
Date
8th regnal year, Saka 792 (870 A.D.)
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Registers a gift of 505 kanam of gold by Sāntivirakuravar of Kālam, the disciple of Guņavirakkuravadigal, for offerings to the images of Pārsvabhasāra (Pārsvanātha) and of the Yakshis at Tiruvayirai, which he had renovated, and for the feeding of one ascetic.
Reference
ARE, 705/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 22, Epi. Ind., Vol. XXXII, pp. 335–38..
Remarks
This would mean that the images on the Aivarmalai hill were carved much earlier and got renovated in 870 A.D. The old name of Aivarmalai was Tiruvayirai (i e., Ayiraimalai).

Page #25

Anna District
No. 3
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai)
Palani
Aņņā
Above the natural cavern in Aivarmalai
Pāṇḍya
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
3
Fragmentary. Mentions the name [pā]rśvabhaṭāra. Records gift of some gold.
ARE, 700/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 116.
This fragmentary record refers to some year, which may be saka 792 (870 A D.). The same year is also mentioned in another record (ARE, 705/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 22) from the same place, belonging to the time of the Pandya king Varaguna II. SII, Vol. XIV, p. 65, f. n. 3.

Page #26

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 4
Village
Aiyyampāļayam (Aivarmalai)
Taluk
Palani
District
Annā
Findspot
Below the sixth image near the natural cavern in the Aivarmalai
Dynasty
(Pāņdya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Much damaged. Records that the work (of having done the image) was that of a disciple, whose name is lost. ARE, 693/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 109.
Reference
Remarks
The Vațțeluttu inscriptions from Aiyyampāļayam, Ānaimalai, Uttamapalayam, Kilakkuļi and Pēchchippallam are assigned to the Pāņdya kings of the 9th century A.D. SII, Vol. XIV, p. 63.
Some of the inscriptions have been edited by K. V. Ramesh, and his reading is followed here. See, A. Chakravarti, Jaina literature in Tamil, (ed. K. V. Ramesh), Appendix - I.

Page #27

Anna District
un
No. 5
Village
Aiyyampālayam (Aivarmalai)
Taluk
Palani
District
Annā
Findspot
Below the eleventh image in the same place
Dynasty
(Pāņdya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. States that the image was caused to be made by... Vrichchi Nägan of Kēlavam in Veņbu(nāļu).
Reference
ARE, 698/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 114.
Remarks
Veņbunāļu is the area around Aruppukkojțai in Kāmarājar district. (See, Pallimadam inscriptions).

Page #28

6
No. 6
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai)
Palani
Aņņā
Below the second image near the natural cavern in the hill called Aivarmalai.
(Pāṇḍya)
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vaṭṭeluttu
States that the image was caused to be made by Varadapāņi of the village Vaḍapaļļiāramvicci.
ARE, 691/1905, SII, Vol. XIV. No. 107.
The village Vaḍapalli-äramvicci has not been identified. (The reading of the name of the village is doubtful).

Page #29

Anna District
No. 7
Village
Aiyyampāļayam (Aivarmalai)
Taluk
Palani
District
Anņā
Findspot
Below the fourth image near the natural cavern in the Aivarmalai.
Dynasty
(Pāņdya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be made by Ajjanandi.
Reference
ARE, 692/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 108.
Remarks
Probably, the same Ajjanandi caused to be made another Jaina image in Ānaimalai. (See, Ānaimalai Inscriptions, ARE, 70/1905) Ajjanandi also figures in the A.D. 9th century lithic records found at Pêchchippallam, Kon garpuliyankulam and Karungālakkudi in Madurai district.

Page #30

00
8
No. 8
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai)
Palani
Aņņā
Below the seventh image in the Aivarmalai
(Pāṇḍya)
A. D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Records that the image was caused to be made by Indraśēna.
ARE, 694/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 110.
Some of the letters in this inscription are very much obliterated.

Page #31

Anna District
No. 9
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
2
Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai)
Palani
Anna
Below the eighth image in Aivarmalai
(Pāṇḍya)
A. D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
9
Records that the image was caused to be made by Müvēndan, a native of Nalkür in Veņbu-nāḍu.
ARE, 695/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 111.
Several persons of the village Nalkür in Veņbu-nāḍu had also caused to be made Jaina images at Kalugumalai in Chidambaranar district.
(See, SII, Vol. V, Nos. 351-356).

Page #32

10
No. 10
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai)
Palani
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Aņņā
Below the ninth image in Aivarmalai
(Pandya)
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Records that the image was caused to be made by Padamūlattan Ari of Tiruvarambam.
ARE, 696/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 112.
The village Tiruvarambam has not been identified.

Page #33

Anna District
No. 11
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai)
Palani
Aņņā
Below the tenth image in Aivarmalai
(Pānḍya)
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
11
States that the image was caused to be made by Malliśēnapperiyar of Perumaḍai, belonging to the Virasangha.
ARE, 697/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 113.
Mallisēnapperiyar was one of the monks of the Virasangha established at Tirunagungondai. Perumaḍai seems to be identical with Perumanḍur in South Arcot district.

Page #34

12
No. 12
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai)
Palani
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Aņņā
Above the natural cavern in Aivarmalai
(Pāṇḍya)
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Registers a gift of two gold coins (kalañju) by Vaṭṭamvaḍugi of Kuvaṇancheri for conducting the avipuram service to the god Ayiraimalaidē var.
ARE, 702/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 118.
The presiding deity (Pärśvanatha) of the place is called Ayiraimalaidē var in this record.

Page #35

Anna District
No. 13
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai)
Palani
Aņņā
Above the natural cavern in the Aivarmalai hill
(Pāṇḍya)
A.D. 9th century characters
13
Tamil, Vaṭṭeluttu
Records that the image of the god (devar) was caused to be made by Avvanandikkurattiyar, the lady disciple of Pattinikkurattiyar of Perumbattiyur.
ARE, 701/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 117.
Kuratti is a term commonly used to indicate a nun of the Jaina order. (Bhatari also means a nun). The location of Perumbattiyur is not known.

Page #36

14
No. 14
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Aiyyampalayam (Aivarmalai)
Palani
Aņņā
Above the natural cavern in Aivarmalai
A.D. 10th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Fragmentary. Seems to record some gift probably to the deity at Tiruvayirai and two Kalam of paddy to feed one ascetic.
ARE, 703/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 119.
This epigraph is assigned to the 10th century A.D. on palaeographical grounds. SII, Vol. XIV, p. 66, f.n.1.

Page #37

Anna District
No. 15
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Děvattūr
Palani
Aņņā
On a rock to the west of the village
(A.D. 10th century characters)
Tamil, Vaṭṭeļuttu
15
Highly damaged and mutilated. Mentions tunga Pallavaraiyar. Seems to refer to a palli (Jaina temple).
ARE, 59/1931-32.
Vestiges of the Jaina palli have not been reported either from Dēvattûr or nearby villages. This record may also be assigned to the 10th century A.D. on palaeographica. grounds.

Page #38

16
No. 16
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Mettupatti (Siddharmalai)
Nilakkōṭṭai
Aņņā
On a rock-cut bed in the hill called Siddharmalai.
2nd-1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brahmi
Antai Ariyti (a male personal name).
ARE, 45a/1908,
I. Mahadevan, "Corpus of the Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions" in Seminar on Inscription (ed. R. Nagaswamy), Mettupatti, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, Early South Indian Palaeography, pp. 258-266.
As far as the Brahmi inscriptions in Tamilnadu are concerned, the readings of I. Mahadevan are followed in this work.
The label inscription may be taken to mean that it was the bed of Antai Ariti, or it was caused to be made by Antai Ariti.

Page #39

Anna District
17
No. 17
Village
Mattupatti (Siddharmalai)
Taluk
Nilakkottai
District
Apņā
Findspot
On a 'rock-cut bed in the saine hill
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Language
and Script
Tamil, Brāhmi
Contents
Antai Iravatan (a male personal name).
Reference
ARE, 45-b/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mēgšupațți, No. 2, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266.
Remarks
The cavern in the Siddharmalai hill contains two rows of five stone-beds, cach with a pillow loft. Inscriptions are engraved at the head-side of the beds.
Probably, Antai Iravātan caused to be made this rock-cut bed.

Page #40

18
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 18
Village
Mējțupatři (Siddharmalai)
Taluk
Nilakkottai
District
Apņā
Findspot
On a rock-cut bed in the same hill
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Antai Viếuvan (of) Madirai.
Reference
ARE, 45-c/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mējgupațți, No. 3, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266.
Remarks
Antai visuvan of Madurai caused to be made this stone-bed. Or, it was the bed of Antai viếuyan. Antai means "Holy Father'. Madurai is mentioned as Madirai in this epigraph.

Page #41

Anna District
No. 19
Village
Mējțupațți (Siddharmalai)
Taluk
Nilakkottai
District
Annā
Findspot
On a rock-cut bed in the same hill
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
The gift of Antai Centa(n).
Reference
ARE, 45-d/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mējțupațți, No. 4, .T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258–266..
Remarks
The gift was very likely the stone-bed on which the label is engraved. Centan may be read as Sendan.

Page #42

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 20
Village
Mattupatti (Siddharmalai)
Taluk
Nilakkottai
District
Apņā
Findspot
On a rock-cut bed in the same hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Cantantai Cantan (a male personal name).
Reference
ARE, 45-e/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mēgšupatti, No. 5, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266.
Remarks
The word Cantantai should have been formed of the words cantan and tantai (father) Ibid., p. 265.

Page #43

Anna District
No. 21
Village
Mējţupatti (Siddharmalai)
Taluk
Nilakkottai
District
Anna
Findspot
On a rock-cut bed in the same hill
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Antai (of) Patinūr.
Reference
ARE, 45-f/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mattupatti No. 6, T.V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266.
Remarks
The rock-cut bed was caused to be made by Antai of Patinür. Or, it was the bed of Antai of Patinür. The village Patinūr remains unidentified.

Page #44

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 22
Village
Mēgšupaţți (Siddharmalai)
Taluk
Nilakkottai
District
Anna
Findspot
On a rock-cut bed in the same hill
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd – 1st centuries B.C.
Language
and Script
Tamil, Brāhmi
Contents
(The) gift made by Kuvira Antai.
Reference
ARE, 45-g/1908. I, Mahadevan, op. cit., Mettupatti, No. 7, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258–266.
Remarks
Here also, the gift refers to the stone-bed on which the label is inscribed. Kuvira. Antai finds place in the next record also.

Page #45

Anna District
No. 23
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Mettupatti (Siddharmalai)
Nilakkottai
Aņņā
On a rock-cut bed in the same hill
2nd-1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brahmi
23
(The) gift of Kuvira Antai, (a) Vēļ.
ARE, 45-h/1908,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mettupatti, No. 8, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266.
Kuvira Antai seems to be a member of the vēl (vēlir) clan. Kuvira may be the corrupt form of Kubēra.

Page #46

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 24
Village
Mēstupatti (siddharmalai) Nilakkottai
Taluk
District
Anņā
Findspot
On a rock-cut bed in the same hill
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Language
and Script
Tamil, Brāhmi
Contents
(The) gift of (the people of) Tiți-il.
Reference
ARE, 45-j/1908, 1. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mēļțupațji, No. 9, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 258-266.
Remarks
Tițiyil is very likely the modern Tidiyan, a village near Dindigul in Apņā district (T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 264).

Page #47

CHENGALPATTU DISTRICT
1. Anandamangalam
2. Arasankalani
3. Kanchipuram
4. Karuppankungu
5. Kirappakkam
6. Mängāḍu
7. Puduppattu
8. Saravananpēḍu
9. Siruvakkam
10. Tiruppandiyūr
11. Tirupparuttikkungu
2

Page #48

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 25
Village
Anandamangalam
Taluk
Madurāntakam
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
On a rock near the Jaina images about a mile from the village
Dynasty
Chola
King
Parāntaka I
Date
35th regnal year (A.D. 942)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Registers a gift of five kalañju of gold for feeding one devotee in Jinagiripalli by Vardhamānapperiyadigal, a disciple of Vinaiyabhāśura Kuravaạigal.
Reference
ARE, 430/1922-23.
Remarks
The rock contains relief-sculptures of Tirthankaras and their attendents, of which the image of Anantanātha Tirthařkara is very important. The village seems to have been named after Anantanātha Tirthankara. Jinagiripalli is the name of the Jain temple in the village.

Page #49

Chengalpattu District
27
No. 26
Village
Arasankalani
Taluk
Saidapet Chengalpattu
District
Findspot
On a slab called Sanyasikõvil to the south of the tank
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 16th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary and damaged. Seems to record a grant of land as paļļichchandam to the Chitrame liperumpalli of the ..., nāyakarvilāgam in Puliyūrkottam. On the back side is an ensemble of designs forming the emblem of the guild called Chitramēli.
Reference
ARE, 186/1961-62.
Remarks
Evidently, the Jain temple was built by the Chitraméli group, which was one of the important merchant guilds in medieval times.

Page #50

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 27
Village
Kanchipuram
Taluk
Kāñchipuram
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
On a slab lying in the lumber room in the second prakara of the Kāmākshi amman temple
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Narasingapottaraiyar (Narasimha II) 18th regnal year (708-709 A.D.) (A D. 9th century characters)
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Damaged. States that queen Lokamahadevi was affected by a Brahmarakshasa, and mentions an acharya of Mahilampalli, the Ağivar-kõil, and a certain Aņukkapallavan. In characters of about the 9th century A.D.
Reference
ARE, 360/1954-55.
Remarks
It seem to register a gift of land to the temple of Arhat (arivir) Mahilampaļļi. The acharya of the Ajivaka-darsana probably had some part in alleviating the queen's affliction from the Brahmarakshasa. The record, in all probablity, seems to be a later copy of an earlier record belonging to the Pallava king Narasimhavarman II. ARE, 1954–55, p. 16.

Page #51

Chengalpattu District
No. 28
Village
Karupparkungu (near Opambākkam)
Taluk
Madurāntakam
District
Chengalpaţțu
Findspot
To the right of the niche containing Pārávanātha image on a rock.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 8th century characters Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that Vasudeva Siddhānta Bhatāra who was the founder of the 'twenty-four', caused the shrine to be made.
Reference
R. Champakalakshmi, “An unnoticed Jaina cavern near Madurāntakam", Journal of the Madras University, XLI, 1969, p. 112.
Remarks
The 'twenty four' referred to in this inscription may indicate a committee of twentyfour men formed for religious and social purposes.
At Karuppankungu, there are sculptures representing Adinātha and Mahavira carved on the face of the rock, and an image of Pārsvanātha in a shrine-like niche cut on a separate boulder. Ibid., pp. 111-114.

Page #52

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 29
Village
Kirappakkam
Taluk
Chengalpattu
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
On a slab set up in a field near the tank
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Damaged. Registers the construction of the De śavallabha Jinalaya to the north of Kiraippākkam by Amaramudalguru, the disciple of Mahāviraguru of the YapaniyaSangha and the Kumili-gana, who also made provision for feeding the members of the Sargha.
Reference
ARE, 22/1934-35
Remarks
The Jinalaya built by Amaramudalguru at Kiraippakkam does not exist now.

Page #53

Chengalpat tu District
No 30
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Māngāḍu
Saidapet
31
Chengalpattu
On two stones built into the floor of the courtyard in the Kāmākshiamman temple.
Pāṇḍya
Sundarapandya I
5th regnal year (1256 A.D.)
Tamil
The king is called Tribhuvanachakravarti Kōnērinmaikondan 'who was pleased to take every country'. Records gift of land as pallichchandam to a palli whose name is not quiet distinct.
ARE, 358/1908
The existence of a Jaina temple either at Māngāḍu or nearby is known from this record. But at present, no jain traces are found in the vicinity of the village.

Page #54

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 31
Village
Puduppațţu
Taluk
Tiruvalsūr
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
On a pillar in the mandapa of the Jain temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Parakesarivarman
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Damaged and fragmentary ARE, 79/1947-48
Reference
Remarks
The details of the record are not known. The Parakasarivarman of this inscription remains unidentified.

Page #55

Chengalpattu District
33
No. 32
Village
Saravananpēdu
Taluk
Ponnēri
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
On the ceiling of the maņdapa in front of the Pårévanātha shrine.
Dynasty
King
Date
A. D. 12th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
This inscription is very much damaged and only a few words like "Vrichchika', 'Sabhaiyōm' etc., can be read.
Reference
A. Ekambaranathan, “The Pārsvanātha temple at Saravananpēļu”, Nallaram, March, 1976, p. 19.
Remarks
The Jain temple in the village, enshrining an image of Pārsvanātha, is in ruined condition. Stone slabs containing fragmentary inscription are placed disorderly on the ceiling of the mandapa. Ibid., pp. 17-19.

Page #56

34
No. 33
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 34
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Siruvakkam
Kanchipuram
Chengalpattu
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On a slab lying on the mound of the ruined temple.
---
In early characters
Tamil
Mutilated. Records a gift of land to a Jaina temple called Sirukaraṇapperumpalli at Siṛupakkam
ARE, 64/1923.
Tiruppandiyūr
Tiruvaļļūr
Chengalpattu
On a stone in the nadu street of the village.
Chōla
Parakesarivarman (Parantaka I)

Page #57

Chengalpattu District
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 35
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
3rd regnal year (910 A.D.)
Tamil
35
States that the uravar of Pangiyur received an endowment in gold made by Vimaḍigal, son of Tevaḍibhattan, a Palli udaiyan (Jaina) of the village and another gift for the upkeep of the tank in the village.
ARE, 84/1947-48.
On palaeographical grounds, the record may be assigned to Parakeśarivarman Parantaka I. ARE, 1947-48, p. 2. The original name of the village was Pangiyur,
Tiruppandiyūr
Tiruvallur
Chengalpattu
On a stone in another street of the village.
Chōla
Rajakaśarivarman
A.D. 10th century characters
Tamil
Damaged. Seems to register an endowment in gold made by Sattan Kandan Padamalagan of Pangiyur Kil-kōṭṭai.
ARE, 85/1947-48.

Page #58

36
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 36
Village
Tiruppandiyūr
Taluk
Tiruvallur
District
Chengalpattu On a stone on the tank bund
Findspot Dynasty
King
Date
In late characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Refers to the digging of the tank. ARE, 86/1947-48.
Reference
Remarks
Probably, the old tank in the village for which a Jain had made some gifts (ARE, 84/1947-48), got enlarged in later times.
No. 37
Village
Taluk
District
Tirupparuttikkunçu Kāńchipuram Chengalpattu On a beam in the antarala of the Trailokyanātha temple.
Findspot
Chola
Dynasty King
Kulottungachola I
Date
46th regnal year (1116 A.D.)

Page #59

Chengalpattu District
Language
and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Tamil
37
Begins with the words puka! sū Inta punari... etc. Registers sale of land, free of taxes, by the assembly of Kaitaḍuppur alias Hastivaraṇa Chaturvedimangalam to the rishisamudayattar (group of monks) at Tirupparuttikkungu, for digging a channel.
ARE, 382/1928-29.
Tirupparuttikkungu, otherwise known Jinakanchi, is one of the most important Jaina centres in Tamilnadu. The Trailōkyanatha temple (Trikuṭabasti) of this place at present exhibits architectural features of the Chōla times, however, it had its origin in the Pallava period, as is evident from the copper plates discovered at Pallankoil in Thanjavur district. (See, Palļankōil copper plates). It had been renovated and repaired in subsequent periods. The temple received the patronage of the Pallavas, Cholas and Vijayanagar kings.
as

Page #60

38
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 38
Village
Tirupparuttikkungu
Taluk
Kāńchipuram
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
On the walls of the mandapa in front of the central shrine in the same temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Vikramachola
Date
13th regnal year (1131 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Beginnings of the lines built in, and intercepted by pillars in the middle. Contains a portion of the historical introduction pūmalai midaintu etc. Registers sale of land, free of taxes, to the Jaina temple by the assembly of Vilaśār alias KuvalaiyatiladaChaturvēdimangalam in Virpadu-nādu, a subdivision of Kā liyūr-kottam, which was a district in Jayangondasola-mandalam.
Reference
ARE, 381-A/1928–29.

Page #61

Chengalpattu District
No. 39
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
39
Tirupparuttikkungu
Kanchipuram
Chengalpattu
On the walls of the mandapa infront of the central shrine in the same temple.
Chola
Vikramachōla
17th regnal year (1135 A.D.)
Tamil
Engraved in continuation of the previous inscription. (381-A 1928-29). Records another sale of land in Tirupparuttikkungu, a pallichchandam in Virupêḍu-nādu, to one Arambanandi.
ARE, 381-B/1928-29.
This and the previous record are registered as one inscription (No. 381/1928-29) in the Annual Report on Epigraphy.

Page #62

40
No. 40
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Tirupparuttikkungu
Kanchipuram
Chengalpattu
On the base of the verandah infront of the central shrine in the Jain temple.
Chōla
Kulottungachōļa III
21st regnal year (1199 A.D.)
Tamil
Registers a gift of 20 vēli of land as pallichchandam in the village Ambai in Eyirkoṭṭam at the instance of Manḍiyaňkilān Kulottungachoja Kāḍuveṭṭi for the merit of his preceptor Chandrakirtidevar and for the bhataras of Tirupparuttikkungu.
ARE, 43/1890, SII, Vol. IV, No. 366, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I. pt. I,
No. 461.
The village Ambai is the same as Ambi, situated to the west of Kanchipuram.

Page #63

Chengalpajțu District
No. 41
Village
Tirupparuttikkungu
Taluk
Kāńchipuram
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
On the beams of the mandapa infront of the central shrine in the Trailokyanātha temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Kulottungachola III
Date
22nd regnal year (1200 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
It is a copy of an inscription belonging to the 13th year of Tribhuvanachakravarti Vikramachola, re-engraved when the mandapa was rebuilt. Stones misplaced. Registers a sale of land, free of taxes, to the god Tirupparuttikkunlālvār for 25 Kalanju. Mentions the coin Madhurontakan-madai.
Reference
ARE, 99/1923.

Page #64

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 42
Village
Tirupparuttikkungu
Taluk
Kāñchipuram
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
On the west wall of the Santimandapa in the Jain temple.
District
Chola
King
Rajarājadeva III
Date
18th regnal year (1234 A.D)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that some lands in the village Kāpnippakkam in Virpēdunādu, a subdivision of Kāliyūrkottam, which was lying
te for a long time, was granted as palsichchandam to the deity, Sempožkunga vār, of Tirupparuttikkungu, by Tyāgasamudrapațsaiyār alias Vimarasar.
Reference
ARE, 44/190, SII, Vol. IV, No. 367.
Remarks
It seems that the lands which were lying fallow for a long time had been brought under cultivation and granted to the temple,

Page #65

Chengalpattu District
No. 43
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Tirupparuttikkungu
Kanchipuram
Chengalpattu
On the north wall of the store room in the Jain temple.
Chōļa
Rajarajadēva III
20th regnal year (1236 A.D.)
43
Tamil
Records that Vimavaḍugan who used to provide beatle-nut to one Tyāgasamudra paṭṭaiyar, gifted some paddy for food offerings during the early morning service to the deity. He is also said to have built a mandapa in the temple.
ARE, 40/1890, SII, Vol. IV, No. 363.

Page #66

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 44
Village
Tirupparuttikkungu
Taluk
Kāńchipuram
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
On the eastern side of the compound wall of the Trailokyanātha temple.
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Alagiya Pallavan
Date
(1243-1279 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
It states that the wall on which the record is engraved was built by Alagiyapallavan. (From the palaeography, it may be assigned to the 13th century A.D. Since the surname Alagiya Pallavan was borne by Kopperuńjinga, it is evident that this wall must have been raised during his period.
Reference
ARE, 383/1928–29, SII, Vol. XII, No. 259,

Page #67

Chengalpattu District
No. 45
Village
Tirupparuttikkunju
Taluk
Kanchipuram
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
On the northern side of the altar built round the Kura tree.
Dynasty
Pallava
King
(Kopperuňjinga) (1243-1279 A.D.)
Date
A.D. 13th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the construction of the altar in stone to the west of the place where the three sages reside (i.e., the Trailokyanātha temple) at Tirupparuttikkungu near Kārchi, by a Pallava chief. (This chief may be identified with Kopperuńjinga who constructed the compound wall of the temple).
Reference
SII., Vol. XII, p. 164, f. n. 1.

Page #68

46
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No 46
Village
Tirupparuttikkunru
Taluk
Kanchipuram
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
On a broken slab paved into the floor behind the Vardhamana shrine
Dynasty
King
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary Records the digging of a well at Kachchi (Kāńchipuram) by a merchant named Senkatirselvan alias Palla vamūvēndavēlān.
Reference
T. N. Ramachandran, Tirupparuttikkunsam and its temples, p. 59.

Page #69

Chengalpattu District
$2
No. 47
Village
Tirupparuttikkungu
Taluk
Kāńchipuram
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
On the base of the north wall of the store room in the Jain temple
Dynasty
Vijayanagar
King
Bukka II
Date
(1362 A.D.)
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the village of Mahandra mangalam in the division of Māvandûr was granted to the temple by the minister Irugappa, the son of general Vaicaya. The gift was made for the merit of the king Bukkarāya, the son of Harihara.
Reference
ARE, 41/1890, pp. 115-116.
Epi. Ind.,
Vol. VII,
Remarks
Māvandūr may be identified with Māmaņdur. a village six miles to the south of Chengalpattu town

Page #70

48
No. 48
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Tirupparuttikkungu
Kanchipuram
Chengalpattu
On the roof of the mandapa infront of the shrine in the Jain temple.
Vijayanagar
(Bukka II)
(1387-88 A.D.)
Tamil
Records that the mandapa was built by the minister Irugappa at the instance of his preceptor Pushpaśēna.
ARE. 42/1890, Epi. Ind., Vol. VII, p. 116.

Page #71

Chengalpattu District
No. 49
Village
Tirupparuttikkunru
Taluk
Kāńchipuram
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
On the base of the verandah infront of the Trailokyanātha Jaina temple.
Dynasty
Vijayanagar
King
Krishnadēva
Date
Saka 1439 (1517 A.D.)
Kannada, Tamil and Grantha
Language • and Script
Contents
Records an exchange of the village Kotugai belonging to the Jaina temple at Tirupparuttikkunru inlieu of another village, Uvachchēri, for the benefit of the residents of Musiqupākkam alias Tirumalaidēvi agrahāra.
Reference
ARE, 188/1901, SII, Vol. VII, No. 398, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 458.

Page #72

SO
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 50
Village
Tirupparuttikkungu
Taluk
Kāńchipuram
District
Chengalpattu
Findspot
To the right of the entrance into the Jaina temple.
Dynasty
Vijayanagar
King
Krishnadēva
Date
Saka 1440 (1518 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records a sale of land and house site by Anantaviryamāmuni, the gurukkal of the Trailokyanātha temple at Tirupparuttikkunju and Pojkunjankilar devādidēvar, the tdnattar of the temple to one Ariyaraputrar (Hariharaputra) gurukkal, the son of Sēvagapperumal of Kāńchipuram.
Besides the above mentioned persons, Pushpasēnamuni of Karantai and KalloyaChandran of Kannamulār are said to be the signatories of the record.
Reference
ARE, 45/1890, SII, Vol. IV, No. 368.

Page #73

Chengalpattu District
No. 51
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Tirupparuttikkungu
Kanchipuram
Chengalpattu
On a stone built into the platform in the Trailōkyanatha temple.
Tamil
51
It is a verse in praise of the kura tree, the sthalavriksha of the temple. It states that the tree neither grows tall nor becomes short, protects the sceptre of the king, represents dharma and stands infront of the eternal abode of the three munis, i.e., Trailokyanatha.
ARE, 189/1901, SII, Vol. VII, No. 399.

Page #74

52
No. 52
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Tirupparuttikkungu
Kanchipuram
Chengalpattu
On the southern side of the gopura of the Jaina temple.
Tamil, Grantha
Registers the grant of 2000 kuli of land as Sarvamanya for purposes of worship to the god Trailōkyanatha at Jina Kanchi.
The lands were situated at Pagkālamēḍupallam, Pañchampattaḍai, Pallappaṭṭai, Sigapam, Ambaiyārkuṇḍu, Kōilämpaṭṭi, Sihappukkundu and Vaļańkoil.
ARE, 97/1923, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 459.
It is in this record Tirupparuttikkungu bears the name Jina-kanchi.

Page #75

Chengalpattu District
No. 53
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Tirupparuttikkungu
53
Kanchipuram
Chengalpattu
On the lintel of the gōpura, right of entrance, of the Trailokyanatha temple.
Tamil, Grantha
Records the construction of the gopura by the sage Sri Pushpaśēna Vamanacharya, the disciple of Mallisena Vamanaśūri. The former had the surname Paravadimalla.
ARE, 98/1923.

Page #76

54
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 54
Village
Tirupparuttikkungu
Taluk
Kā nchipuram
District
Chengalpaţțu
Findspot
Above the balipithas of Vāmanācharya and Malliśēnāchārya in the Trailokyanatha temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Tamil, Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Records salutation to Vāmanācharya and Mallisēnamuni.
Reference
ARE, 100/1923.
Remarks
Vāmanāchārya was the disciple of Malliśëna Vāmanaśūri (ARE, 98/1923)

Page #77

CHIDAMBARANĀR DISTRICT
1. Kalugumalai 2. Perunguļam
3. Virasikhāmaņi
No. 55
Village
Kalugumalai
Taluk
Kovilpajši
District
Chidambaranār
Findspot
In the first section of the rock, below the images of Tirthankaras.
Dynasty
King
Date
A, D. 8th century characters

Page #78

56
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 56
Village
Contents
Reference
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Fragmentary. Mentions Sri Dhadi Tirunechchugam.
Kalugumalai
of
ARE, 20/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 309.
The Vatteluttu inscriptions from Kalugumalai have been generally ascribed to the 8th century A.D. But K. V. Ramesh assigns them to the 10th-11th centuries A.D. See, A. Chakravarti, Jaina Literature in Tamil (ed. K. V. Ramesh), Appendix I.
[N. B. The following inscriptions (No. 56 to 150) from Kalugumalai are found in the same place. (ie., Findspot). Dynasty, King, Date, Language and Script are also the same as above. Hence, the details are omitted. ]
Records that this image was caused to be made by Sattan of Pereyigkuḍi, the disciple of Sri Guṇasahara bhaṭāra.
ARE, 21/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 310

Page #79

Chidambaranar District
No. 57
Village
Contents
Reference
No. 58
Village
Contents
Reference
No. 59
Village
Contents
Reference
Remarks
8
57
Kalugumalai
Mentions that Sendanśēri caused this image to be made for the merit of Purayan Sendan of this village.
ARE, 22/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 311.
Kalugumalai
The inscription is completely effaced and nothing can be read.
ARE, 23/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 312.
Kalugumalai
Records that the image was caused to be made by Pushpanandi (Putpaşandi) born of Padamulattan of Tirukkoṭṭāru.
ARE, 24/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 313.
as
Tirukkottagu (Kōṭṭāgu) is the same Nagercoil in Kanyakumari district, where there was a Jaina temple, later converted into a Hindu shrine.

Page #80

58
No. 60
Village
Contents
Reference
No. 61
Village
Contents
Reference
No. 62
Village
Contents
Reference
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Kalugumalai
Damaged at the end.
States that Sri Nandi the senior disciple of Sri Vardhamana of Tirumalaikkuļam (caused the sacred image to be made).
ARE, 25/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 314.
Kalugumalai
Fragmentary. Records that the image was caused to be made by . . . Periyaḍigal.
ARE, 26/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 315.
Kalugumalai
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Santiéēnapperiyār, disciple of Uttanandikuravaḍiga] Tirukkōṭṭāru.
ARE, 27/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 316.
the
of

Page #81

Chidambaranar District
59
No. 63
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that the sacred image was caused to be made by Kanagavira-adigal, the disciple of Baladēvakkuravadigal of Tirunagungondai.
Reference
ARE, 28/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 317.
Remarks
Tirunagungoņdai, with its Appāņņainātha temple, is a famous Jaina centre in South Arcot district. The inscription reveals the contact between Kalugumalai and Tirunasungondai as early as the 8th century A.D.
No. 64
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that Yakkankāļi, a native of Kufanļi in Veņbunāļu, caused the sacred image to be made.
Reference
ARE, 29/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 318.
Remarks
Kurandi, a village in Veņbunāļu (Aruppukkottai taluk), seems to be identical with Pallimadam in Kamarājar district (See, Pallimadam inscriptions).

Page #82

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that the image was caused to be made by Pichchai Kuratti (nun) of the village Sirupolai in lụaikkalanādu.
Reference
ARE, 30/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 319.
No. 66
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Sri ... Kurattiyər, the lady disciple of Sri Kāpikurattiyār (nun) of Palayigai.
Reference
ARE, 31/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 320.
No. 67
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Mentions that the Bhațțarigal of Tiruchchāraṇam, the lady disciple of the Kurattiyar (nun) of Milalūr, caused the image to be made.
Reference
ARE, 32/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 321.

Page #83

Chidambaranar District
Remarks
Tiruchchāraṇattumalai, otherwise known as Chitarāl, in Kanyākumari district, has three rock-cut shrines containing Jaina images, besides several sculptures of the Tirthařkaras carved on the overhanging surface of the rock. (See, Chitaral inscriptions)
No. 68
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Sri Vijayakkurattiyār, the disciple of Tachchan-Sangakkurattigal of Veņbaikkuļi, for the merit of Sendan Sātti.
Reference
ARE, 33/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 322.
No. 69
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Beginning and end lost. States that (the image was) caused to be made by Sri Vijayakkurattiyār, the disciple of ........ Sangakkurattiyās, for the merit of Sendan Sátti.
Reference
ARE, 34/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 323.
Remarks
The persons referred to in this record and the previous one (ARE, 33/1894) are identical.

Page #84

62
No. 70
Village
Contents
Reference
No.
71
Village
Contents
Reference
No. 72
Village
Contents
Reference
Kalugumalai
States that the image was caused to be made by Tiruchchāraṇattuk-Kurattigal for the merit of Saḍaiyankoggi of Kōṭṭūrnāḍu.
ARE, 35/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 324.
Kalugumalai
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Some letters missing in the first portion. Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Sigubhaṭṭāra, the disciple of ...... tori-bhattara of Kurandi.
ARE, 36/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 325.
Kalugumalai
States that the image was caused to be made by Tiruchcharaṇattu-kurattigal for the merit of Kuttankāman
Perumbǎrrür
in
Kōṭṭūrnāḍu.
of
ARE, 37/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 326.

Page #85

Chidambarandr District
63
No. 73
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Some letters missing in the middle part. Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by ... Karan ... nidhi, for the merit of Iyankuțți of Tirunechchugam.
Reference
ARE, 38/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 327.
Remarks
Tirunechchuram was the original name of Kalugumalai.
No. 74
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Mentions that the image was caused to be made by Magampulli of Tirunechchugam. It also states that the required ghee for lighting a lamp infront of the image was supplied by Kilūran Rottan (or Rottan of Kilūr).
Reference
ARE, 39/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 328.

Page #86

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 75
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Damaged at the end. States that Sáttambaladevan of Tirunēchchujam caused the image to be made.
Reference
ARE, 40/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 329.
No. 76
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be made by Sättanvēlān of Tirunachchugam.
Reference
ARE, 41/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 330.
No. 77
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Mentions that Kā mansijunambi, a native of Kalakkuļi, caused the image to be made.
Reference
ARE, 42/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 331.
Remarks
The village Kalakkuļi may be identified with Kalakkādu in Nāngunēri taluk of Nellai Kattabomman district.

Page #87

Chidambarandr District
65
No. 78
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Mentions that the image was caused to be made by Kāvidi of Kujanpi.
Reference
ARE, 43/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 332.
No. 79
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be made by Sāntiśēna-ațigal, the disciple of Vimalachandra Kuravaạigal of Tirukkottäfu.
Reference
ARE, 44/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 333.
No. 80
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Fragmentary. Mentions a lady disciple (whose name is lost) of Sri Guņasāgarabhațārar.
Reference
ARE, 45/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 334.
Remarks
As in the case of many other inscriptions, it may also be connected with the founding of an image.

Page #88

66
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 81
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
It records that the sacred image was caused to be made by a certain Nilankurakkunāyinän Kovanmithan of Venbunādu.
Reference
ARE, 46/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 335.
No. 82
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that his wife Sèntaikuratti caused the image to be made.
Reference
ARE, 47/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 336.
Remarks
As this record is found next to the previous one (ARE, 46/1894), it seems that sentarkuratti was the wife of Nilankurakkunāyinän Kovanmitban.
No. 83
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that the sacred image was caused to be made by Mājansättan of Tirunēchchufam, for the merit of Sāttansandi.
Reference
ARE, 48/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 337.

Page #89

Chidambaranár District
No. 84
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Fragmentary. Seems to record that Aiyankal alias Dhayāpālan of Kalakkudi (caused to be made the image).
Reference
ARE, 49/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 338.
No. 85
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that the image was caused to be made by Valavar Sāttan Magattān of Karunilakkuļināļu.
Reference
ARE, 50/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 339.
No. 86
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be made by a certain Menachchināttiya-Sattan.
Reference
ARE, 51/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 340.

Page #90

68
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 87
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Adittabhațāra, the disciple of Kanakanandibhațāraka.
Reference
ARE, 52/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 341.
No. 88
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
It mentions the name of one Korrankudiyan-Kuļiyankosti of Perunechchuram. (who probably caused to be made the image.)
Reference
ARE, 53/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 342.
Remarks
It may also be read as Kongi, a native (Kudiyan) of Korrankudi in Perunachchuram.
No. 89
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Fragmentary. Records that the image was caused to be made by a certain ... sāra ... n, the stone-mason (tachchan) of .......... vechchanādu.

Page #91

Chidambarandr District
69
Reference
ARE, 54/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 343.
Remarks
The last portion of this inscription, obliterated very much, seems to record a gift of
pon, probably for lighting two lamps before the image.
No. 90
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be made by Mayindan Vēlān of Tirunachchugam.
Reference
ARE, 55/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 344.
No. 91
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Kanakanandipperiyār, the disciple of Tirthabhațära of Kugandi.
Reference
ARE, 56/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 345.

Page #92

70
No. 92
Village
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 93
Village
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Kalugumalai
Fragmentary. Mentions that one Kaliyanaraivān [ Kaliyanaraiyan (?)] of Karaikuḍi........
ARE, 57/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 346.
The image should have been caused to be made by the person referred to in the inscription.
Kalugumalai
States that Sattandevan of Pereyigkuḍi, the disciple of Sri Guņasikuḍāra, caused to be made the image.
ARE, 58/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 347.
The correct reading of the name of the monk should be Sri Guṇaśribhaṭāra.

Page #93

Chidambaranar District
No. 94
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Mentions that Nārananmûvan of Tirunēchchugam caused to be made the image.
Reference
ARE, 59/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 348.
No. 95
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Tāngi of Sēndankuļi, a hamlet of Tirunēchchuram.
Reference
ARE, 60/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 349.
No. 96
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Mentions that Kutimānappi of Igakûr caused to be made the image.
Reference
ARE, 61/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 350.

Page #94

72
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 97
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
It records that Maninangai, the daughter of Aruțuņaiyār, who was a native of Nālkūrkuși, caused to be made the image.
Reference
ARE, 62/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 351.
Remarks
Nālkūrkudi was a village situated in Veņbunādu (ARE, 65/1894). Venbunāļu seems to be the area around Aruppukkottai in Pasumpon Muthuramalingam district.
No. 98
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
It states that Mappi, the daughter of Arutunai, who was a native of Nälkūrkudi, caused to be made the image.
Reference
ARE, 63/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 352.
Remarks
The previous record (ARE, 62/1894) refers to another daughter (Maņinangai) of Aruțuņai, a native of Nālkūrkudi.

Page #95

Chidambarandr District
No. 99
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that Tottāntarukki of the village Nálkur caused to be made the image.
Reference
ARE, 64/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 353.
No. 100
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Mentions that the image was caused to be made by Poruļļuņai of Nälkūrkuļi in Veņbunāļu.
Reference
ARE, 65/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 354.
Remarks
Poruțţuņai of this record seems to be a member of the family of Aruttunai who is referred to in two of the inscriptions from Kalugumalai (ARE, 62, 63/1894).
No. 101
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Nāțtigabhațārar, the (lady) disciple of the Kurattiga! (nun) of Nālkūr.
10

Page #96

74
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Reference
ARE, 66/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 355.
Remarks
The name of the lady disciple should be Năftigabhatāri and not Nāttigabhațārar as said in the present record. Bhatari is the term generally used to indicate a female disciple or nun.
No. 102
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Registers the name of Nālkūrkurattigal, the (lady) disciple of Amalanēmi-bhațāra of Nālkūr.
Reference
ARE, 67/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 356.
Remarks
It may also be read as the lady disciples (maņakkigal) of Amalanēmi-bhațāra, who were also the lady teachers (Kurattigal) of Nälkūr. A. Chakravarti, op. cit., Appendix, 1, p. 185, No. 62.
No. 103
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the stone pillar was erected by Sundaran, the stone-mason of Nêchchuganādu, at the instance of the bhatta who was conducting regular worship (tiruppani) to the deity Araimalai Ālvar at Tirunachchufam.

Page #97

Chidambaranar District
Reference
Remarks
No. 104
Village
Contents
Reference
No. 105
Village
Contents
Reference
75
ARE, 68/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 357.
The presiding Jaina deity at Kalugumalai is referred to in the epigraph as Araimalai Alvar. The hillock of this place bore the name Araimalai.
Kalugumalai
Mentions that Padamülattan Aranganmagan of Koṭṭāgu caused the sacred image to be made.
ARE, 69/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 358.
Kalugumalai
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Pūrṇachandran, the disciple of Kanakanandi-bhațara of Kugandi.
ARE, 70/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 359.

Page #98

76
No. 106
Village
Contents
Reference
No. 107
Village
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Kalugumalai
Mentions that the sacred image was caused to be made by Kapņi of Alattur, a village in Kilkkajak-kuggam.
ARE, 71/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 360.
Kalugumalai
Records some endowment made for the daily abhişēka and offerings to the deity, Aramalai Alvar, by Silankavidiyan-Tennavan. Besides, it also records the erection of a pillar in the same place by Perungōvēlān of Tirunechchugam.
ARE, 72/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 361.
The same name of the deity (Araimalai Alvar) also occurs in another epigraph. (ARE. 68/1894).

Page #99

Chidambarandr District
No. 108
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that the work (of having made the image) was that of Punguļinājțukkon (or kon of Pūnguļinādu) for the merit of one Kuțți of Peruvalam.
Reference
ARE, 73/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 362.
No. 109
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Sigupolakkațţi Nakkan of Idaikkulanādu.
Reference
ARE, 74/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 363.
No. 110
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Fragmentary. Records that the work (of having made the image) was that of Perungāại ... devar Kuravadigal's disciple.
Reference
ARE, 75/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 364.

Page #100

78
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 111
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be made by Sēndankurusür for the merit of Tuppankaņņan.
Reference
ARE, 76/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 365.
Remarks
The name of the donor may also be read as Sēndan of Kugusūr (Kujuhür).
No. 112
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that the work (of having made the image) was that of Nakkankāri for the merit of Tuppansēndan of this village.
Reference
ARE, 77/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 366.
Remarks
Tuppankaņpan of the previous record (ARE, 76/1894) and Tuppansēndan of this inscription seem to be members of one and the same family.

Page #101

Chidambaranar District
No. 113
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Fragmentary. Mentions the name of one Nattānkuratti of Pallimai galam, a village in Idaikkulanādu.
Reference
ARE, 78/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 367.
No. 114
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Fragmentary. Mentions that the work (of having done the image) was that of Kutti... van of Tirunēchchusam.
Reference
ARE, 79/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 368.
No. 115
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that the sacred image was caused to be made by the Kurattigal (lady teachers) of Ilanechchufam, who were the disciples of Tirthabhatára.
Reference
ARE, 80/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 369.

Page #102

80
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 116
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be made by Enādi Kuttana: Sätti, the disciple of the Kurattigal (lady teacher) of Tirumalai.
Reference
ARE, 81/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 370.
No. 117
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the work of having made the image) was that of Arattanamikurattigal (Arishtanēmikurattigal), the lady disciple of Mammaikurattigal.:
Reference
ARE, 82/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 371.
No. 118
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be made by the Kurattigaļ of Tirupparutti, the lady disciples of Sri Pattini-bhațāra.
Reference
ARE, 83/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 372.
Remarks
Tirupparutti is the shortened form Tirupparuttikkunçu (Jina-Kāńchi).
o

Page #103

Chidambarandr District
No. 119
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Fragmentary. Mentions Sungan .... of Peruňkoţtūr, a village in Kotturnāļu.
Reference
ARE, 84/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 373.
No. 120
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Nāharkālan of Kupandi in Veņbi-nädu.
Reference
ARE, 85/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 374.
No. 121
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that the sacred image was caused to be made by Vilankäneri alias Nannankorran of Ānanūr, a village in Munguļināļu.
Reference
ARE, 86/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 375.
11

Page #104

82
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 122
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be made by Kuţținili of Tirunechchugam.
Reference
ARE, 87/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 376.
No. 123
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the official Puravuvarinayakan (whose name is not mentioned) of Sirxeyirkudi, a village in Mungudynādu, caused the image to be made for the merit of Nännür.
Reference
ARE, 88/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 377.
No. 124
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Fragmentary. Mentions one VilakkanVångai .... ram, the daughter of TotýānaiVilakkan, who was the son of Melichchikon.
Reference
ARE, 89/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 378.

Page #105

Chidambaranar District
83
No. 125
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
It records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Kaņņańsāttan, the son of Sattankappan, who is said to be the son of a kon (whose name is not mentioned) of Tirunechchusam.
Reference
ARE, 90/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 379.
No. 126
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the work (of having made the image) was that of Pavaņandi-bhatára (Bhavanandi - bhațāra), the disciple of Padikkamanabhaţāra.
Reference
ARE, 91/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 380
No. 127
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that this work (of having done the image) was that of Sättan of Kugandi, a village in Veņbināļu.
Reference
ARE, 92/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 381.

Page #106

84
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 128
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Damaged in the middle. Mentions the name of one Kodiyankaņpa ... Korfankodiyan, a Kilavan of Tirunechchugam in Tirunechchuganāợu.
Reference
ARE, 93/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 382.
Remarks
It may also be read as Korfankodiyan (caused to be made the image) for the merit of Kodiyankannan, a Kilavan (Kilan) of Tirunechchuram in Tirunechchuranādu.
No. 129
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Dayāpālapperiyār, the disciple of Tirumalaiyar Moni (mauni)-bhatāra of Kadaikkattur.
Reference
ARE, 94/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 383.

Page #107

Chidambaranar District
85
No. 130
Village
Kalugumalai.
Contents
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Kunnūr-Yogiyār, the disciple of Vimalachandra Kuravadigal of Tirunāttūr.
Reference
ARE, 95/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 384.
No. 131
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that the sacred image was caused to be made by Davan Sendan of Pēreyiskuļi in Verbinādu.
Reference
ARE, 96/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 385.
No. 132
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Mentions that the sacred image was caused to be made by Virapan Pavaṇandi (Viran Bhavanandi).
Reference
ARE, 97/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 386.

Page #108

86
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 133
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
It records that the work (of having done the image), was that of Devanšēndan of Kalaiyûr for the merit of his father, Kåvidi Dāvanār.
Reference
ARE, 98/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 387.
No. 134
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
End lost. Mentions that Kári of PadaiyanürMuţtam (caused the sacred image to be made) for the merit of Kāvanakkan of Sāttapallūr.
Reference
ARE, 99/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 388.
No. 135
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Santankāriyar of Pareyifkuņi.
Reference
ARE, 100/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 389.

Page #109

Chidambaranar Distric
No.
136
Village
Contents
Reference
No.
137
Village
Contents
Reference
No. 138
Village
Contents
Reference
Kalugumalai
Records that the image was caused to be made by Santi Sena-aḍigal, the disciple of Vimala Chandra-kuravaḍigal of Tiruk
kōṭṭāru.
ARE, 101/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 390.
Kalugumalai
87
States that the sacred image was caused to be made by Pēgānandibhațărar, the disciple of Pushpanandibhaţărar.
ARE, 102/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 391.
Kalugumalai
Fragmentary. Tiruchchāraṇam.
ARE, 103/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 392.
Mentions a Kura (tti) of

Page #110

88
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilna du
Remarks
The purport of the record seems to be that a lady teacher from Tiruchchāraṇam (Chitarāl) caused to be made an image at Kalugumalai.
No. 139
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Damaged at the end. Records that one Sadaiya(n) of Tirunechchuram (caused the sacred image to be made) for the merit of his mother, Pāņdankalari.
Reference
ARE, 104/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 393.
No. 140
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be made by Milalūrkurattigal, the lady disciple of Pērūrkurattigal who was the daughter of Mingaikumaran of Pidangudi in Karaikkānanāļu.
Reference
ARE, 105/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 394.

Page #111

Chidambaranár District
No. 141
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Records that the Kurattiga! of Kudagkuļi caused to be made the two sacred images, both on her own behalf and on behalf of Sendan of Ilaveņbaikkuļi.
Reference
ARE, 106/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 395.
No. 142
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that the two sacred images were caused to be made by Paramańsāttan for the merit of Kodan Tanavaranār and PuravanVēlan of Tirunechchugam.
Reference
ARE, 107/1894. SII, Vol. V, No. 396.
No. 143
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Fragmentary. Records that the disciple (name not mentioned) of Araţtanēmibhatārar (Arishganēmibhatārar) of Vēppanūr-Tirumalai (caused the image to be made) for the merit of ... bhajdrar
Refer ence
ARE. 108/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 397.
12

Page #112

90
No.
144
Village
Contents
Reference
No. 145
Village
Contents
Reference
146
No.
Village
Contents
Reference
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Kalugumalai
Records that the work (of having made the image) was that of the Kurattiyar of Mijalur and she had made it for the merit of Gunanandipperiyar, the disciple of MuttaArattanēmi (Arishţanēmi) - bhaṭāra of Vēļagkuḍi.
ARE, 109/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 398.
Kalugumalai
Letters missing in some places. Records that the work (of having made the image) was that of the Kurattiyar of Milalür, for the merit of Simangi. Kuravaḍiga], who was the disciple of Sendan ki .. kāḍanTirubhaţarar.
ARE, 110/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 399.
Kalugumalai
Mentions that the sacred image was caused to be made by Gupantangiyar of Neḍumarattottam.
ARE, 111/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 400.

Page #113

Chidambaran ar District
91
No. 147
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
States that Kumānalaman (Kumaranalaman ? ) of Tirunechchujam caused to be made the sacred image.
Reference
ARE, 112/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 401.
No. 148
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Fragmentary. Reads the name Sēndan of Tirunechchugam.
Reference
ARE, 113/1894, SIÍ, Vol. V, No. 402.
No. 149
Village
Kalugumalai
Contents
Mentions that the sacred image was caused to be made by Kumān of llaveņbai.
Reference
ARE, 114/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 403.
Remarks
The correct reading of the name seems to be Kumaran and not Kuman.

Page #114

92
No. 150
Village
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 151
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Kalugumalai
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Enādi Magaṇakkuratti of Nalur.
ARE, 115/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 404.
It is not clear whether the name of the lady is the same as said above, or it may be taken to mean Magaṇakkuratti, the daughter of Enadi of Nalür.
Kalugumalai
Kovilpatti
Chidambaranār
On a rock at Kalugumalai
A.D. 8th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Naganandi, the pupil of the preceptor Singanandi of Ananur.

Page #115

Chidambarandr District
Reference
Remarks
No. 152
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, p. 156, f. n. 6.
Aṇanur is said to be a village in Munguḍinādu (See, ARE, 86/1894)
Kalugumalai
Kovilpatti
Chidambaranär
On the rock within the Aiyanar temple on the hill.
A. D. 8th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
93
A portion built in. (Hara) chandradevar and Guņakirti.
ARE, 864/1917.
Mentions Kuganḍi

Page #116

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 153
Village
Kalugumalai Kovilpatti
Taluk
District
Chidambaranır
Findspot
In the second and third sections of the same rock.
Dynasty
Pāņdya
King
Ko Māgańjadaiyan (Varaguņa II)
Date
3rd regnal year (865 A.D.)
Tamil, Vaţteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
It records the construction of a well and the gift of some land for providing food to the ten Bhatarar expounding Siddhanta, and Vairagiyar (monks) in the Tirumalai temple at Tirunēchchugam, by Siddhan of the village at Kādantaikuņi, situated in Nallūrtumbūrkūljam. The gift was entrusted with Guņasā harabhațāra of Tirunēchchugam. The epigraph also refers to the names of some persons, probably connected with the endowment.
Reference
ARE, 116/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 405.
Remarks
The King, Ko Māraňjadaiyan, is identified with Varaguņa II whose date of accession is 862 A.D.

Page #117

Chidambarandr District
95
No. 154
Village
Kajugumalai
Taluk
Kovilpatti
District
Chidambaranār
Findspot
third sections of the
In the second and same rock.
Dynasty
King
Pāņdya Ko Māgańjaờaiyan (Varaguņa II) 3rd regnal year (865 A.D.) Tamil, Vatteluttu
Date
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. It records some endowment to the deity known as Tirumalaidēvar at Tirunechchuram by one Mahadevan, a resident of the village Perunāvalūr, situated in Nallūr-Milalaikūstam, for feeding five Vairagiyar (monks) and Bhatarar who expounded Siddhanta in the temple. The endowment was entrusted with Gunasā harabhațārar of Tirunechchugam, who was probably the chief among the monks looking after the Jaina establishments at Kalugumalai.
Reference
ARE, 117/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 406.
Remarks
It is interesting to observe that the Jaina ascetics were also called Vairagis. The monks are said to have expounded Siddhanta (Jaina philosophy), probably to the laity. The Jaina establishments at Kalugumalai had been looked after by Guņasāharabhatāra the chief among the monks.

Page #118

96
No. 155
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Kalugumalai
Kovilpatti
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Chidambaranār
On a stone lying near the Aiyanar temple
A.D. 9th-10th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
of Kalakkuḍi
Records that Sattaǹkāļi mangalattuchchēri gifted 25 sheep for burning two perpetual lamps to the god, Bhatara, on the hill at Tirunechchugam. His disciple (aḍiyar) also gave 25 sheep for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple.
ARE, 19/1894, SII, Vol. V, No. 308.
The presiding deity is called 'Tirumalaimēlbhatarar' in this record.

Page #119

Chidambarandr District
97
No. 156
Village
Perunguļam
Taluk
Srivaikuņțam
District
Chidambaranár
Findspot
On the north and west walls of the Vişņu temple.
Dynasty
Pāņdya
King
Tribhuvana Chakravarti Konērinmai Kondan (Sundara Pandya II)
Date
15th regnal year (1253 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
(The purport of the record is to register the royal order granting remission of taxes on some lands endowed to the Vişnu temple).
It also refers to the exchange of a portion of land for a plot belonging to a Jaina
emple called Nikarakara-perumpaļļi in the village.
Reference
ARE, 243/1932-33.
Remarks
The existence of a Jaina temple at Perungulam is known from this record found in the Vişnu temple. But at present Jaina vestiges are not seen in the village.

Page #120

98
No. 157
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Viraśikhāmaņi
Srivaikuntam
Chidambaranār
By the side of the stone beds in a cave
(A.D. 9th-10th century characters)
Tamil, Vatteluttu
The inscription is in four short lines. Mentions the name Sri Surya AdūmanJinendra.
C. Govindarajan, "The Viraśikhāmaņi Jaina hill", Mukkudai, November, 1978, pp. 17-20.
Engravings of a single foot print and a conch are found just below the inscription. Sri Surya Adūman Jinendra seems to be an important monk who lived in the cave at Viraśikhamaņi.

Page #121

Chidambaranar District
No. 158
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Virasikhamaņi
Srivaikuntam
Chidambaranār
On a rock forming part of the tank bund in the village.
A.D. 14th century characters
99
Tamil
Records that a certain Avaiyampukkan got the foot prints of Sahajananda engraved.
ARE, 42/1908.
The cave contains the foot prints of the sage, carved within a lotus flower design.

Page #122

COIMBATORE DISTRICT
1.
Trimurtimalai
No. 159
Village
Trimūrtimalai
Taluk
Uậumalaipattai
District
Coimbatore
Findspot
On the rock containing Jaina image at the foot of the Anamalai hills
Dynasty
Nāyak
King
Eddulappa-Năyaka
Date
(1793 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script

Page #123

Coimbutore District
101
Contents
Records the settlement arrived at in the time of the local chief Eddulappa-Nāyaka to collect from the family of the ruling chief of Amanasamudram, a marriage tax of four pon, for the god Amaņēsuraśvāmi and the stipulation made against the alieneation of land as dowry on marriage occasions.
Reference
ARE, 186/1927.
Remarks
The boulder contains the figure of a Tirthankara flanked by two attendants, and the whole group is mistakenly called by the local people as Trimurti image. The inscription, found by its side, reveals that the image was called Amapēsvaraśvāmi and the area Amanasamudram. ARE, 1927, pt. 2, p. 118. The date of the chieftain is known from another record (ARE, 187/1927) from the same place.

Page #124

DHARMAPURI DISTRICT
1. Adiyamānkottai 2. Dharmapuri
3. Hosūr
4. Tavaļam
No. 160
Village
Adiyamānkottai
Taluk
Dharmapuri
District
Dharmapuri
Findspot
Jamb-stone built into the compound wall of the Perumal temple.
Dynasty

Page #125

Dharmapuri District
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
A. D. 12th century characters
Tamil
103
Beginning and end lost. Seems to record an endowment of land by JainottamaSomannan, a disciple of Madhava Chandrabhațaraka of Mulasaṁgha, and son of Somaṇṇan who was the son of Uḍaiyanņapekkadi of Kasyapa gōtra and Viprakula, belonging to Tanyam, an agrahara Chaturvědimangalam in Selanaḍu to the temple constructed by him in rajadhani Mayindiramangalam in Kagkāḍu-nāḍu in NigariliSolamaṇḍalam.
ARE, 162/1968-69.
Mayindiramangalam was the original name of Adiyamankottai. The Jaina temple built by Jainottama Somaṇṇan does not exist in the village. However, an image of Pārsvanatha, standing in a field near the dilapidated Siva temple, is the only Jaina vestige in this area.

Page #126

104
No. 161
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Dharmapuri
Dharmapuri
Dharmapuri
On four sides of a broken pillar lying in the Mariyamman temple in the fort.
Nolamba-Pallava
Mahendrarāja
Saka 800 (A.D. 878 A.D.)
Kanarese
The record apparently makes a grant to a Jaina temple.
ARE, 348/1901.
This Nolamba king is said to have defeated the Bana chieftain Mahabali Bāņarāya in about 890 A.D. The village Mayindramangalam (Adiyamānkōṭṭai) seems to have been named after this Mahendrarāja.

Page #127

Dharmapuri District
105
No. 162
Village
Dharmapuri
Tuluk
Dharmapuri
District
Dharmapuri
Findspot
On the four faces of a pillar built into the floor of a mandapa infront of the Mallikārjuna temple (now in the Madras Museum)
Nolamba-Pallava
Dynasty King
Mahendraraja
Date
Saka 815 (893 A.D.)
Language
and Script
Sanskrit, Kanarese
Contents
Begins with an invocation to the Jinēndras and mentions the rulers of the NolambaPallava vamsa upto Mahendra. It records that two individuals Nidhiyaņņa and Chandiyapņa, sons of a merchant from Srimangala, built a Jaina temple at Tagadūru, The former received from the king, free from all encumbrances, the village Mūlapalli and in his turn made it over to KanakaśēnaSiddhanta-Bhatāra, the pupil of VinayasēnaSiddhanta-Bhațāra of the Pogariya-gana, for repairs, additions, worship etc., in the same temple.
Reference
ARE, 304/1901, Epi. Ind., Vol. X, 1909-10, pp. 54-57.
14

Page #128

106
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Remarks
The Nolambas who claimed descent from the Pallavas ruled the Nolambavāļi area, comprising the southern part of Karnataka and the north-western part of Tamilnadu, in the 9th and 10th centuries A.D. The Jaina temple built by Nidhiyappa and Chandiyanna does not exist now at Dharmapuri. However, a stone slab bearing Jaina figures has been reported from near by the Mallikārjuna temple.
No. 163
Village
Dharmapuri
Taluk
Dharmapuri
District
Dharmapuri
Findspot
On the four faces of the pillar built into the floor of a mandapa infront of the Mallikār. juna temple (Now in Madras Museum)
Dynasty
Nolamba-Pallava
King
Mahendrādhirāja
Date
9th century A.D.
Sanskrit, Kanarese
Language
and Script

Page #129

Dharmapuri District
107
Contents
It records that a certain Lokayya got from Ayyapadēva, son of Mahendra-Nõļamba, the village of Budugūru and made a gift of it to the Jaina temple built by Nidhiyanna. The founder Nidhiyaona is also said to have presented a garden (?) for worship in the same temple.
Reference
ARE, 305/1901, Epi. Ind., Vol. X, 1909-10, pp. 57-64.
Remarks
This record reveals the name Ayyappadeva of the son of the king Mahēndra. The village Budugūru may be identified with Buduganhalli, about seven miles from Dharmapuri. Epi. Ind., Vol. X, p. 64.
No. 164
Village
Dharmapuri
Taluk
Dharmapuri
District
Dharmapuri
Findspot
On a broken piece of another pillar in the Mallikarjuna temple.
Dynasty
Nolamba-Pallava
King
(Mahendrādbirāja)
Date
A.D. 9th century characters

Page #130

108
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 165
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Kanarese
A fragmentary record of a Nolamba-Pallava king, the date of which is lost. Begins with the same passage as in 304/1901. (i. e., with an invocation to the Jinendras etc.)
ARE, 306/1901.
Hosür
Hosür
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Dharmapuri
On a boulder and rock-bed near the Venkataramana temple
Hoysala
Vishnuvardhana
Saka 1049 (1127 A.D.)
Sanskrit, Grantha and Tamil
Records gift of dry and wet lands inclusive of taxes in Ilandai alias Chitramēlinallur as dē vadana to the Parisva-Jinalaya at Seviḍapadi, the southern sub-division of Murasu-nādu by purchase by dandanayaka Gangippayyan and daṇḍanayaka Keṭṭāṇḍiyār for food offerings (aharadana) and expenses therein. The gift was entrusted to Vaśupujyapanditar appointed as tanapati of the Vasadi (basti).

Page #131

Dharmapuri District
109
Reference
ARE, 486/1970-71.
Remarks
This is an interesting record as it reveals the importance of Hosûr, called Sevidaipādi, as a jaina centre in medieval times. The temple is said to have been built by Gangippayyan, the son of Sri-BhūchandraSiddhanandidevar. The land endowed to the Pārávanātha temple is mistakenly referred to as dēvadana. (should be palļichchandam) See, ARE, 1970-71, p. 9.
No. 166
Village
Tavasam
Taluk
Krishộagiri Dharmapuri
District
Findspot
On a stone set up on the banks of the Ponnai river
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 8th century characters
Language
and Script
Sanskrit (corrupt), Telugu-Kannada
Contents
Contains verses in praise of a saint (muni), apparently a Jaina. ARE, 245/1967-68.
Reference

Page #132

KĀMARĀJAR DISTRICT
1. Erukkankuļi
2. Kovilankulam
3. Pallimadam
No. 167
Village
Erukkankudi
Talok
Sāttūr
District
Kāmarājar
Findspot
On a slab on the bund of a tank in the village
Dynasty
Pāņdya
King
Sadaiyamāgan Srivallabha
Date
18th regnal year (833 A.D.)

Page #133

Kamararajar District
111
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
The last part of the inscription records the construction of a Perumpalļi and a maņdapa at Iruppaikkudi by Eţțisāttan alias Iruppaikkudi Kilavan, an official under the Pandya king. He is also stated to have repaired a tank called Palikkulam.
Reference
ARE, 334/1929–30, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 44.
Remarks
Jaina vestiges have not been reported from the village Iruppaikkudi (modern Erukkankuļi). The tank in the village, where the inscription is found, may be the palikkuļam (tank of the paļli) referred to in the record.
No. 168
Village
Kovilankulam
Taluk
Aruppukkottai
District
Kāmarājar
Findspot
On the west and south bases of the Ambalappaśvāmi temple
Dynasty
Chola
King
Kulottunga I

Page #134

112
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Date
48th regnal year (1118 A.D)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that a golden vimana with a mandapa to mukkudaiyar was constructed at Kumbanūr in Sengă ţţirukkai, a sub-division of Veņbu-valanādu. Two copper images of the god and the Yakshi were also presented. It is also stated that some lands for a temple site and a water-shed for the use of Jaina devotees were given.
Reference
ARE, 397/1914.
Remarks
The inscription belongs to the Jaina temple called Ambalappaśvāmi, of which the basement alone now remains and two Jaina images placed over it. It is learnt that about 25 individuals, of whom some were evidently well versed in the Tamil language, built for the god of the tripple umbrella (i.e., Jina) a temple and a golden shrine, and presented stone and metallic images of the god and his Yakshi. They also provided for processions, established a water-shed and a well for the use of the Jaina devotees and gave lands for the up-keep of the above mentioned charities. ARE, 1914-15, pt. II, p. 99.

Page #135

Kamarajar District
113
No. 169
Village
Kovilaiguļam
Taluk
Aruppukkottai
District
Kāmarājar
Findspot
On the south base of the Ambalappaśvāmi temple.
Dynasty
(Chola)
King
Date
Language
and Script
Tamil
Contents
Tamil verse in praise of a solakon who was the lord of Kumbanūr, Kugandi, Kungattūr and Puttûr.
Reference
ARE, 396/1914.
No. 170
Village
Pallimadam
Taluk
Aruppukkottai
District
Kamarājar
Findspot
On the parapet stone of the entrance into the Kalanāthaśvāmi temple, right side.

Page #136

114
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Pāṇḍya
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Maganjaḍaiyan (Varaguņa I)
26th regnal year (794 A.D.)
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Built in at the right end. Records gift of 100 sheep for a lamp by Sattan Guṇattan, a native of Kuņņūr in Nilakkuḍināḍu, for supplying ghee to a deity in the temple, Tirukkaṭṭampalli, at Kugandi in Venbunāḍu.
ARE, 430/1914, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 32.
Kurandi Tirukkaṭṭampalli in Venbunāḍu (Aruppukkottai area) was a huge monastic establishment of the Jains between the 8th and 10th centuries A.D. The exact location of the Jaina palli is not known to us since no vestiges are found in and around Pallimadam. The inscriptions referring to the palli are found on some stones built into the Siva temple. Obviously, these stones were taken from a Jaina temple and later used for the construction of the Siva temple.
R. Champakalakshmi, "Kugaṇḍi - Tirukkäṭṭampalli - An ancient Jaina monastery of Tamilnadu", Studies in Indian Epigraphy, Vol. II, 1975, p. 84 ff.

Page #137

Kamarajar District
115
No. 171
Village
Pallimadam
Taluk
Aruppukkottai
District
Kāmarājar
Findspot
On the parapet stone of the entrance into the Kälanāthaśvāmi temple, left side.
Dynasty
Pandya
King
Māgańjadaiyan (Varaguņa I.)
Date
35th regnal year (803 A.D.) Tamil, Vațţeluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Built in at the bottom. Records gift of 50 sheep to Tirukkațțámpaļļi at Kupandi in Veņbu-nāņu, in order to supply 5 nali of ghee everyday to the temple.
Reference
ARE, 431/1914, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 39.
No. 172
Village
Pallimadam
Taluk
Aruppukkottai
District
Kamarājar

Page #138

116
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No.
173
Village
Taluk
District
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On the north wall of the mandapa in the Kālanathaśvāmi temple.
A.D. 8th-9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Records that Puvanavan of Tirunonthanam made a gift of seventyfive sheep to the deity of Tirukkaṭṭampalli at Kugandi. He also rendered some service in the KannimaṛiṛKaṭṭampalli.
ARE, 428-B/1914, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 35.
The reference to Kannimaṛir-kaṭṭampaļļi may be taken to mean an establishment of the nuns. Kannimar in Tamil means virgin ladies. In this context, it refers to the nuns of the palli.
Pallimaḍam
Aruppukkottai
Kāmarajar

Page #139

Kamarajar District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
On a stone built into the north wall of the mandapa in the Kalanathaśvāmi temple.
-
A.D. 8th-9th century characters
117
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Gift of 50 sheep by Sattangāri for a lamp to the temple of Tirukkaṭṭām paļļi - dēva at Kugandi in Venbu-nāḍu.
ARE, 428-A/1914, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 34.

Page #140

7
No. 174
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
1. Chitarăl
2. Nagercoil
KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT
Language and Script
Chitaral
Viļavańkoḍu
Kanyakumari
Below the image of Padma vadi carved on the rock.
(A.D. 9th century characters)
Tamil, Vaṭṭejuttu

Page #141

Kanyakumari District
119
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be made by Sri Achchanandi (Ajjapandi).
Reference
TAS., Vol. II, p. 126.
Remarks
This and the following three label inscriptions may be palaeographically assigned to the 9th century A.D.
No. 175
Village
Chitaral
Taluk
Vilavaňkodu
District
Kanyakumari
Findspot
Below the image of the seated figure near that of Parávanātha on the same rock.
Dynasty
King
Date
(A.D. 9th century characters)
Tamil, Vaţteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
States that Uttanandiadigaļ of Kastampalli at Tirunedumpāgai got sculptured this image.
Reference
TAS., Vol. II, p. 126.
Remarks
The place Tirunepumpājai remains unidentified.

Page #142

120
No. 176
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Chitaral
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Viļavańkoḍu
Kanyakumari
Below the next image on the same rock
(A.D. 9th century characters)
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Records that this image was caused to be made by Varagupan, the disciple of Patţinibhațarar of Tiruchcharanam.
TAS., Vol. II, p. 126.
Tiruchcharaṇam was the ancient name of Chitaral.

Page #143

Kanyakumari District
121
No. 177
Village
Chitaral
Taluk
Viļavaikodu
District
Kanyākumari
Findspot
Below another image on the same rock.
Dynasty
King
Date
(A.D. 9th century characters)
Tamil, Vațţeluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that these images were caused to be made by Viranandiaạigal of the Mēlaippaļļi at Tirunagungonļai.
Reference
TAS., Vol., II, p. 126.
Remarks
It is worthy of note that Tiruchchāraṇam had contact with far flung Jaina centres like Tirunasungongai in South Arcot district in the 9th century A.D.
16

Page #144

122
No. 178
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Chitaral
Viļavaňkōḍu
Kanyakumari
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On a rock to the south of the Bhagavati temple
Ay
Vikramaditya Varaguņa
21st regnal year (889 A.D.)
Tamil
Records that the nun Muttuvāla Nārāyaṇakurattiyar built the shrine of the goddess (Srikōyil) and endowed a lamp-stand, one gold flower weighing two kalañju to the goddess and made provisions for burning a perpetual lamp in the same temple.
TAS., Vol. IV, No. 40, pp. 146-148.

Page #145

Kanyakumari District
No. 179
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Chitaral
Viļavaňkoḍu
Kanyakumari
On a rock to the south of the Bhagavati temple
Ay
Vikramaditya Varaguņa
28th regnal year (896 A.D.)
Tamil, Vatteluttu
123
Records that Gunantangi - Kurattikal, the disciple of Arattanēmibhaṭāra (Arishtanēmibhaṭāra) of Pereyakuḍi gave some gold ornaments to the deity, Bhaṭariyar, of Tiruchcharaṇattumalai. Last part of the record is damaged.
TAS., Vol. I, pp. 194-195.

Page #146

124
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 180
Village
Chitarāl
Taluk
Viļavankoļu
District
Kanyākumari
Findspot
On a stone now forming one of the steps leading to the tank infront of the Bhagavati temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 10th century characters
Sanskrit, Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that Vijayabhadra Vipaschit set up the stone entrance to the shrine of the goddess Varasundari.
Reference
TAS., Vol. IV, No. 41.
Remarks
The goddess (Yakshi) is called Varasundari in this record.

Page #147

Kanyakumari District
No. 181
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Chitarăl
Viļavańkōḍu
Kanyakumari
On a rock to the south of the Bhagavati temple.
Kollam 425 (1250 A.D.)
Tamil
125
Records that one Nārāyaṇa.. Tamilappallavaraiyan of Rajavallapuram in Kilvēmbanāḍu gave some money for the expenses of the Bhagavati temple at Tiruchcharaṇam.
...
TAS., Vol. I, p. 194.
The name of the goddess (Yakshi) is referred to in this record as Bhagavati. The central shrine accommodating the image of Bhattariyar (Yakshi) is believed to have been converted into a Hindu temple in later times. At present the image is plastercoated.
A. Ekambaranathan, "Jainism in Kanyakumari District", Journal of the Madras University, 1976, pp. 3-4.

Page #148

126
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 182
Village
Chitaral
Taluk
Viļavaňkodu
District
Kanyākumari
Findspot
On the four faces of a pillar now built into the steps of the kitchen in the Bhagavati temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Kollam 548 (1373 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Records that a certain Nārāyaṇan Kāļikan alias Dharmachețținayinār of the city of Tirukkūçakkarai, made certain arrangements by which the temple authorities were obliged to do some duties in the temple of Bhagavati at Tiruchchāraṇattumalai. In default of which they were subjected to fines etc., payable to the king and the duty of cleaning the mahamaņdapa and kitchen of the temple and of supplying turmeric for the drattu festival shall be left, as of old, with the female line of Dhanmasettinayinār.

Page #149

Kanyakumari District
127
Reference
TAS., Vol. I, pp. 297–299, TAS., Vol. IV, No. 42.
Remarks
In TAS., Vol. IV, No. 42, the Kollam year is given as 540, in which case the date of the the record should be A.D. 1365.
No. 183
Village
Nagercoil
Taluk
Agasteeswaram
District
Kanyakumari
Findspot
On a pillar to the right of the entrance into the mukhamaņdapa of the Nāgarāja temple.
Dynasty
Travancore Mahārājas
King
(Udaiyamārtā ņdavarma)
Date
Kollam 681 (1505 A.D.)
Tamil. Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script

Page #150

128
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Records that the king (Udaiyamārtāṇḍavarma) while staying at Sivalamangalam granted 20 ma of land in Mulayanürparṛu of Naňjilnāḍu to the temple and the land was placed under the custody of KeralanNārāyaṇan alias Gupavirapaṇḍita and Jivaharuḍaiyan alias Kamalavā hanapaṇḍita of the same temple (palli). It was from the income of this pallichchandam, payasam (sweet pongal) for the morning service, oil for the sacred bath and for lamps, offerings for the noon and night services, twice this quantity on Sundays and special services on Sundays of the month of Tai, inclusive of clothes, dakshinai, garlands, rose water, camphor, suffron etc., were offered to the temple. A portion of the cooked rice was also made to be distributed to the garland-suppliers and the drummers.
TAS., Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 115, p. 157, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 282/1968.
The inscription does not mention the name of the king, however, the editor of the epigraph has assigned it to Udaiyamartāṇḍavarma Mahārāja.
For a history of the Jaina temples in the southern part of Tamilnadu, See, A. Ekambaranathan, "Jainism in Kanyakumari District", Journal of the Madras University, Vol. XLVIII, 1976, pp. 1-8.

Page #151

Kanyakumari District
129
No. 184
Village
Nāgercoil
Taluk
Agasteeswaram
District
Kanyākumari
Findspot
On another pillar in the same place
Dynasty
(Travancore Mahārājas)
King
Date
Kollam 692 (1516 A.D.)
Language
and Script
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Contents
Registers that the king (name not mentioned) while camping in the house of Singaperumā! at Sevval, granted 10 ma of land as paļļichchandam in Taruvai alias Taniyanaivița-pand yapurattu parru in Tenkaraināļu, for the expenses of providing sattupadi to the Nāga and Nāgarāja in the temple. The taxes like Kadamai, Viniyogam, Upadi, Kanakkilakai and Kõmusaipadu were also given for the regular conduct of worship in the temple. The grant was made at the request of Guņavirapandita and Kamalavāhanapandita of the same palli.
Reference
ARE, 59/1896, TAS., Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 117, p. 160, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 275/1968.
17

Page #152

130
Jaina Inscriptions in
Tamilnadu
No. 185
Village
Taluk
Nagercoil Agasteeswaram Kanyā kumari On another pillar found in the same place
District
Findspot
Dynasty
(Travancore Mahārājas)
King
Date
Kollam 692 (1516 A.D.)
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Registers a gift of some land as palsichchandam for providing worship to the Nāga and Nā garāja in the temple. The taxes on these lands were also given for the same purpose. It is also stated that one padakku (a measure) of paddy was spent for the morning, mid-day and night services, where as on Sundays double the amount was offered for the services. Kamalavahanapandita and Gunavirapandita of the palli looked after the endowment. The order was issued while the king (name not mentioned) was residing in the house of Adityavarma Annan at Virakesarinallūr-àypillai puttūr. TAS., Vol. IV, pt 2, No. 116, p. 159, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No, 285/1968.
Reference
Remarks
Adityavarma Aņpan mentioned in this record may be the same as Adityavarma-Mahārāja of the Travancor , dynasty.

Page #153

Kanyakumari District
No. 186
Village
Nāgercoil
Taluk
Agasteeswaram Kanyākumari
District
Findspot
On another pillar in the same place
Dynasty
(Travancore Mahārājas)
King
Date
Kollam 694 (1518 A.D.)
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the king (whose name is not known), when he was camping at Suchindram, made a gift of 15 ma of land as paļļichchandam in mēlpartu and ki!parru of the village Sēravanmādēvi and left them under the control of Guņavirapaņdita and Kamalavā hanapaņdita, for the expenses of night pū ja to the Nāga and Nāgarāja in the temple. The land was exempted from payment of taxes such as kadamai, upadi, viniyogam and kõmusaippadu.
Reference
ARE, 60/1896, TAS., Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 118, p. 161. Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 276/1968.
Remarks
Suchindram is a small town six kilometres south-east of Nagercoil. Saravanmādēvi is the same as Sēramādēvi, a village in Tirunelveli-kattabomman district.

Page #154

132
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 187
Village
Nāgercoil
Taluk
Agasteeswaram
District
Findspot
Kanyākumari On another pillar in the same place Travancore Mahārājas
Dynasty
King
Bhūtalavira Udaiyamārttāṇpavarmar (1494-1535 A.D.)
Date
Kollam 696 (1520 A.D.)
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the king Bhūtalavīra SriUdayamārttāņdavarmar, while staying in his residence at Kalakkādu alias Solakulavallipurattu - Viramārttānda - Chaturvēdimangalam, issued the orders granting 21 mā of land as paļļichchandam in the Mummudicholapuraparou (Kottārupaffu) for the expenses of conducting mid-day worship to the Nāga in the temple and instituted a sandi in his name as Viramarttaşdan-Sandi.
Reference
ARE, 63./1896, TAS., Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 120, p. 164, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 284/1968.
Remarks
Kalakkāņu in Nângunari taluk of Tirunelvēli Kattabomman district was one of the important camping centres of the Travancore kings.

Page #155

Kanyakumari District
No. 188
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Nagercoil
Agasteeswaram
Kanyakumari
On another pillar in the same place
(Travancore Mahārājas)
(Bhutalavira Udayamārttāṇḍavarmar)
Kollam 696 (1520 A.D.)
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
133
Records that the king (name not mentioned), while camping at Sendañcheri-agaram of Sigragrańkarai, granted one ma of land and a garden near the tank called Punakkuļam in Kōṭṭaruparru for the the expenses of providing offerings at the rate of four nali a day and for burning two perpetual lamps in the temple.
TAS., Vol. IV, pt. 2, p. 163, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 277/1968.
Though this epigraph does not mention the name of the king, it may be assigned to Bhutalavira Udayamārttāṇḍavarma, since the previous record bears identical date.

Page #156

134
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 189
Village
Nāgercoil
Taluk
Agasteeswaram
District
Kanyakumari
Findspot
On another pillar in the same place
Dynasty
King
(Travancore Mahārājas) (Bhūtalavira Udayamarttāṇpavarmar) Kollam 697 (1521 A.D.)
Date
Language
and Script
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Contents
States that the king (name not mentioned), while staying in the Singaperumal house at Sevval, granted 10 ma of land as pal[ichchandam in Terūrparru to Gunavirapandita and Kamalavāhanapandita to perform Sarvaprayaschitta (purificatory ceremony) in the temple.
Reference
ARE, 62/1896, TAS., Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 121, p. 165, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 283/1968.
Remarks
in
Térür is a village near Suchindram Kanyakumari district.

Page #157

Kanyakumari District
No. 190
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Nagercoil
Agasteeswaram
Kanyakumari
On another pillar in the same place
(Travancore Mahārājas)
(Bhutalavira Udayamārttāṇḍavarmar)
Kollam 697 (1521 A.D.)
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Records
that Kamalavahanapaṇḍita and Gunavirapanḍita of the temple granted 15 ma of land near the tank Tattaiyārkuļam in Nañchilnadu as pallichchandam for the conduct of a special worship known as Kalasandi to the deities Naga and Nagarāja in the temple at Kōṭṭāgu alias Mummuḍicholapuram. The grant was approved by the king (whose name is not mentioned) while he had his camp at Singaperumāļ house in Sevval.
135
Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 286/1968.

Page #158

136
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 191
Village
Nāgercoil
Taluk
Agasteeswaram
District
Kanyākumari
Findspot
On the backwall of the Krishņa shrine in the Nā garāja temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Kollam 764 (1588 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that Tirukkupukkaiperumal of Kumbikulam in Karunkula-valanādu made a gift of sixtyfive panam, and from the interest of which daily offerings at the rate of one ulakku of rice had to be provided to the Nāga and Nāgarāja in the temple.
Reference
ARE, 57/1896, TAS., Vol. IV, pt, 2, No. 122, p. 166, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No, 279/1968.
Remarks
The places Kumbikulam and Karunkulam still retain their old names, and are found in the Paņakudi taluk of Tirunelveli Kattabomman district. The deities Nāga and Nāgarāja are called Nayinār Nāgar and Tiruvanantā var in the present record.

Page #159

Kanyakumari District
137
No. 192
Village
Nāgercoil
Taluk
Agasteeswaram
District
Kanyakumari
Findspot
On a pillar in the mukhamaņdapa of the same temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Kollam 817 (1641 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that one Kulasēkharaperumāl gifted garlands of Kontai flowers to the deity.
Reference
Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 280/1968.
No. 193
Village
Nāgercoil
Taluk
Agasteeswaram
District
Kanyakumari
18

Page #160

138
Jaina Inscriptions in
Tamilnadu
Findspot
On the east wall of the Krishna shrine in the same temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Kollam 819 (1643 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Only the first portion of the record is available. Mentions Sri Krishnankoil .....
Reference
Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 278/1968.
Remarks
The present Krishna shrine seems to have been originally dedicated to one of the Tirthankaras. It is not certain whether the record refers to the Krishna shrine or the place Krishộankoil, which forms part of Nagercoil.
No. 194
Village
Nāgercoil
Taluk
Agasteeswaram
District
Kanyākumari

Page #161

Kanyakumari District
139
Findspot
On a pillar to the left of the entrance into the main shrine of the same temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Kollam 820, Saka 1567 (1645 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that Māluvanambiyār Māļuvanambi and Tambirankuțți Sadaiyan collected money from several people and set up a makaratorana--viļakku (lamp with a makara tõrana) in the shrine of Nāgar, and provided two nali of oil daily from the interest of six hundred paņams which they had utilised for redeeming some lands of the temple from the debts which the Nā garāja temple had incurred there on.
Reference
ARE, 58/1896, TAS, Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 123, pp. 166-167, Kanyakumari Inscriptions, pt. III, No. 281/1968.

Page #162

8
No.
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
195
Date
1. Santhome
2.
MADRAS DISTRICT
Language and Script
Madras Museum
Santhome
South Madras
Madras
On a stone found on the eastern side of the Santhome Church
A.D. 12th-13th century characters
Tamil

Page #163

Madras District
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 196
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Fragmentary and incomplete. Records some gift to Neminathaśvāmi by a person whose name may be read as Palantiparā(yan).
Rev. H. Hosten, Antiquities from Santhome and Mylapore, p. 74.
The existence of a Jaina temple dedicated to Neminatha at Mylapore (of which Santhome is a part) is not only known from this record, but also from the Mackenzie Manuscripts, recording the transfer of a Neminatha image from Mylapore to Chittamur, probably to protect it from destruction.
141
Some Jaina images are said to have been buried by the side of the Nunnery at Santhome. Ibid., p. 175.
Not known
Not known
Not known
On the back of a tōrana of a Jaina Panchatirthi metal image, now preserved in the Madras Museum.
Vikrama era 1519 (1462 A.D.)

Page #164

142
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Sanskrit, Nāgari
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the image of Munisuvrata was caused to be made by Kehāka along with his wife Chā tū and brother Teyā and family, and that it was consecrated by Sri LakshmiSāgarasuri of the Tapa (gachchha).
Reference
ARE, 179/1968-69.
Remarks
The töraņa seems to have been brought from outside Tamilnadu,
No. 197
Village
Not known
Taluk
Not known
District
Not known
Findspot
Stone now preserved in the Madras MuseumNo. 2 with carvings in relief of a Jaina deity.
Dynasty
King
Date
In late characters
Tamil
Language
and Script

Page #165

Madras District
143
Contents
Records that (the sculpture) was set up by Davādhidēvan alias Ahi (ndā) san.
Reference
ARE, 249/1967-68.
No. 198
Village
Not known
Taluk
Not known
Findspot
On the base of a Jaina image in the Archaeological show-room of the Madras Museum.
Dynasty
King
Date
Kanarese
Language
and Script
Contents
This is the image of Santināthadēva of the temple Yeraga Jinalaya, founded by the Mahāpradhāna Brahadēvaņa, a lay disciple of Sakalabhadra Bhattāraka entitled Mahamandalacharya and belonging to Mūlasangha, Kundakundanvaya, Kaņūrgana and Tintrini-gachcha.
Reference
ARE, 525/1913.

Page #166

144
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 199
Village
Not known
Taluk
Not known
District
Not known
Findspot
On the base of a Jaina image in the Archaeo. logical show-room of the Madras Museum.
Dynasty
King
Sālvadēva
Date
Sanskrit, Kanarese
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the king Sālvadēva, a great lover of Sahitya, got an image of SāntiJina made according to rule and set it up.
Reference
ARE, 526/1913.

Page #167

MADURAI DISTRICT
1. Alagarmalai 2. Ānaimalai 3. Ariţțāpayti 4. Karungalakkuļi
5. Kilakkuļi 6. Kilakuyilkudi 7. Kilavalavu 8. Konkarpuļiyankulam 9. Kuppă lanattam
10. Mānkulam
11. Muttupatti
12. Pachchipaļļam 13. Tirupparankungam 14. Tiruvātavūr
15. Uttamapālayain 16. Varichchiyūr
17. Vikkiramangalam
19

Page #168

146
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 200
Village
Alagarmalai
Taluk
Mēlūr
District
Madurai
Findspot
Between the first and second cutting of the overhanging rock in the cave on the hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
(The) gift of Ātan, (a) Matiraiy.
goldsmith (of)
Reference
ARE, 244/1963–64, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Alagarmalai, No. 1, T V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 236-239.
Remarks
The present Madurai is referred to in the record as Matiraiy.

Page #169

Madurai District
147
No. 201
Village
Alagarmalai
Taluk
Mēlūr
District
Madurai
Findspot
To the proper left of the above inscription.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Language
and Script
Tamil, Brāhmi.
Contents
A fragmentary inscription mentioning .... anākanta (?).
Reference
ARE, 245/1963-64, 1. Mahadevan, op. cit., Alagarmalai, No. 2.
No. 202
Village
Alagarmalai
Taluk
Mēlūr
District
Madurai

Page #170

148
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 203
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
On a rock-cut bed in the hill.
2nd
-
1st centuries B.C.
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Tamil, Brahmi
Kaninakan (and) Kaņi-y na(n)tan, the sons (children) of Iravi-i.
ARE, 334/1908,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Alagarmalai, No. 3, T.V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 241.
It records that the rock-cut bed was caused to be made by Kaṇinakan and Kapinandan, the sons of Iravi (Ravi).
Alagarmalai
Mēlür
Madurai
On the brow of the sheltering rock in the hill.

Page #171

Madurai District
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 204
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd-1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brahmi
To (the) great nun (tavirai).
ARE, 70/1910,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Alagarmalai, No. 4.
This opening passage relates to all the names in the following inscriptions (Alagarmalai, Nos. 5-13, ARE, 71-77/1910) engraved in one long line.
The term 'Tavirai' in the present record means Nun.
Alagarmalai
149
Mělür
Madurai
On the brow of the sheltering rock in the hill.
2nd 1st centuries B.C.

Page #172

150
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Language
and Script
Tamil, Brāhmi
Contents
a) Viyakan Kaņatikan (the) Salt merchant. b) The gift of Atan, the son of Kaņakan
Atan. c) ... of Sāpamitā ... (a) nun. d) Nețumal (l)an, (the) sugar merchant. e) Elacantan, (the) iron-monger. f) (The) gift (of) Kalumājan (of)... ńchi. g) He (name lost) caused to be given (this)
drip-ledge. h) ..... of Kāsapan (the) monk. i) . . . . . All of them gave (caused to be
given).
Reference
ARE, 71-77/1910, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Alagarmalai, Nos. 5-13, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 241-244.
Remarks
The above inscriptions, mentioning the names of several persons, their professions etc, are engraved in one line. These persons caused to be made rock-cut beds at Alagarmalai.
No. 205
Village
Alagarmalai
Taluk
Mēlûr
District
Madurai

Page #173

Madurai District
151
Findspot
In the same place.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Language
and Script
Tamil, Brāhmi
Contents
Ela (v)a Atan, a cloth merchant of Vēņpal (1)i. ..... Tiyan cantan (a male personal name).
Reference
ARE, 78 & 79/1910, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Alagarmalai, Nos. 14, 15.
Remarks
It seems that Elava Atan of Vēņpalli and ... Tiyancantan caused to be made rock-cut beds at Alagarmalai.
No. 206
Village
Alagarmalai
Taluk
Mēlūr
District
Madurai
Findspot
Near the seated Jaina image cut on the boulder bearing the Brāhmi inscription.
Dynasty
King

Page #174

152
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Date
A.D. 9th-10th century characters
Language
and Script
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Contents
Records that the work (of having carved the image) was that of Sri Ajjanandi.
Reference
ARE, 396/1954-55
No. 207
Village
Anaimalai
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
Above the entrance into the cave, just below the dripline cutting.
Dynasty
King
Date
Ist - 2nd centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
These (beds are the) gift of Natan living in the dormitory of Kungattur ; (these were made by) Eri Aritan, Attuvāyi (and) Arațțakāyipan.
Reference
ARE, 4.7/1906, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Ānaimalai, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 274-78.

Page #175

Madurai District
153
No. 208
Village
Anaimalai
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below a Jaina image on the rock overhanging a natural cave,
Dynasty
(Pāņdya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vațţeluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
States that the image (below which the inscription is engraved) is to be protected by the officials tinaikkaļattar.
Reference
ARE, 68/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 100.
Remarks
The Vatteluttu inscriptions from Anaimalai, Kilakkudi, Pêchchippallam and Uttamapā ļayam in Madurai district are assigned to the Pāņdyas of the 9th century A.D. See, SII, Vol. XIV, p. 63.
20

Page #176

154
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 209
Village
Anaimalai
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below a Jaina image on the rock overhanging a natural cavern.
Dynasty
(Pandya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vaţteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by a certain Ënādi Nadi for the merit of .... aniyan of Kalavali-nādu.
Reference
ARE, 67/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 99.
No. 210
Village
Anaimalai
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below a Jaina image on the same rock.

Page #177

Madurai District
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 211
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
(Pāṇḍya)
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
States that the image is to be protected by the accountants (Karaṇattar) of the village Porkōdu.
ARE, 69/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 101.
Anaimalai
Madurai
Madurai
Below a Jaina image on the same rock.
(Pāṇḍya)
A.D. 9th century characters
155
Tamil, Vatteluttu

Page #178

156
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be made by Ajjanandi and the image was to be protected by the sabha of Narasiigamangalam. The revenue accountants (puravuvariyar) are also mentioned in this record.
Reference
ARE, 70/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 102.
No. 212
Village
Anaimalai
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below a Jajna image on the same rock.
Dynasty
(Pandya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
States that the image of the Yaksha was caused to be made by a certain CheduliyaPāņdi of Peruvembāldūr in Tenkalavalinādu.
Reference
ARE, 71/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 103.

Page #179

Madurai District
157
No. 213
Village
Anaimalai
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below a Jaina image on the same rock.
Dynasty
(Pārdya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil. Vatteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Veppurai Saradan Āmpiraiyan alias Saradan Araiyan of Veņpurai-nādu.
Reference
ARE, 72/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 104.
No. 214
Village
Anaimalai
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below a Jaina image on the same rock.

Page #180

158
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Dynasty
(Pāņdya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Language
and Script
Tamil, Vațțeluttu
Contents
Fragmentary. States that the image was caused to be made by Koyyan. .. .. of the village Mallattirukkai.....
Reference
ARE, 73/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 105.
No. 215
Village
Anaimalai
Talok
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below a Jaina image on the same rock.
Dynasty
(Pāņdya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Language
and Script
Tamil, Vaţteluttu

Page #181

Madurai District
Contents
Reference
No. 216
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
States that the sacred image was caused to be made by Eviyampudi of Vētţaňjēri in Venbaikkuḍi in Veņbaikkuḍi-nāḍu, and that the image was to be protected by the revenue accountants (puravuvari kaļattār).
ARE, 74/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 106.
Ariṭṭāpaţţi
Mēlür
Madurai
159
On the brow of the cavern in the hill called Kanchamalai.
2nd-1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brahmi
Records that the cave was caused to be given by Chalivan Atanan Voļiyan of Nelvēli.
K.V. Raman and Y. Subbarayalu, "A new Tamil - Brahmi inscription in Ariṭṭāpatţi", Journal of Indian History, Vol. XLIX, Nos. 145-147, 1971, pp. 229-232.

Page #182

160
No. 217
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Ariṭṭāpaṭṭi
Mēlür
Madurai
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Below a Jaina image carved on a rock in the hill known as Kaňchamalai (kaliňjamalai) near Ariṭṭāpaṭṭi.
A. D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Records that the sacred image was caused to be cut on the hill known as Tiruppiņaiyanmalai, by Ajjanandi on behalf of the accountants (Karaṇattar) of Nerkoḍu. It had to be protected by the people of Vāņiyakkuḍi.
M. Chandramurti, "Ancient Vestiges in Kaliňjamalai", Mukkudai, July, 1975, pp. 13-14.
The rock contains an image of a Tirthankara in seated posture, canopied by a tripple umbrella over his head. The hill is referred to in the record as Tiruppiņaiyanmalai.

Page #183

Madurai District
161
No. 218
Village
Taluk
Mēlür
District
Madurai
Findspot
In one of the caverns on the hill near the village.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd- 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brahmi
Language
and Script
Contents
(The) monastery of Ariti (of) Elaiyūr.
Reference
ARE, 561/1911, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Karungālakkuļi, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 212-213.
No. 219
Village
Karungā lakkuļi
Taluk
Mēlūr
District
Madurai
21

Page #184

162
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 220
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Below the pedestal of a Jaina image on a rock in the Pañchapaṇḍavarkuṭṭu hill.
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Records that this sacred image (tirumeni) was caused to be made by the glorious Ajjanandi.
ARE, 562/1911.
Karungalakkuḍi
Mēlür
Madurai
On one of the stone beds in the second cavern in the Pañchapāṇḍavarkuṭṭu hill.
Pāṇḍya
A. D. 9th century characters

Page #185

Madurai District
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 221
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Registers the several acts performed by a certain Pallidaraiyan, while he was in the service of the Pāṇḍya king (Valudi, Minavan). Amongst his services were the building of a bright vimana. stopping the sea. protecting sacrifices at Tiruppodiyil by the powers of his scholarship, asceticism and saintliness.
ARE, 563/1911.
The place of Pallidaraiyan in the history of the Pandyas of Madurai is not known to The name of the king under whom he served is also not mentioned in the record.
us.
Kilakkuḍi (Seṭṭippoḍavu)
Madurai
163
Madurai
On the pedestal of one of the Jaina images on the hill.
A.D. 9th century characters

Page #186

164
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No.
Village
Taluk
222
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Records that the image was cut at the instance of Guṇaśēnapperiyaḍigal, the pupil of Vardhamana Paṇḍitar who was the pupil of Gunasēnadēva presiding over KurandiTirukkaṭṭampalli in Venbunāḍu.
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
ARE, 330/1908.
The natural cavern, containing a number of rock-cut beds, at this place is locally known as Seṭṭippoḍavu. Images of Jaina deities are carved on the vertical surface of the rock nearby.
Gunaśênadeva, who was the presiding monk of the Jaina establishment at Kugandi, was also in-charge of the palli at Kilakkuḍi and Pechchipallam.
Kilakkuḍi (Seṭṭippoḍavu)
Madurai
Madurai
On the pedestal of a Jaina image on the hill.
1

Page #187

Madurai District
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 223
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Records that the image was cut at the instance of a pupil of Guņaśēnadēva who was in-charge of this palli.
ARE, 331/1908.
Guṇaśēnadē va figures in three of the inscriptions from Kilakkuḍi.
Kilakkuḍi (Seṭṭippoḍavu)
Madurai
165
Madurai
On the pedestal of the third image on the hill.
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu

Page #188

166
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Contents
A damaged record. Mentions Gupasēnadēva who presided over this palļi.
Reference
ARE, 332/1908.
No. 224
Village
Kilakkuļi (Settippodavu)
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below the Jaina figure cut on the boulder outside the cavern.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Language
and Script
Tamil, Vațţeluttu
Contents
Damaged in the beginning. Records that Abinandan-bhațāra, a pupil of Arimandalabhatára, who was the pupil of Abinandanbhațāra, who inturn was the pupil of Kanakanandibhațāra, caused this image to be cut. It also refers to Kurandi-Tirukkattåmpalli.
Reference
ARE, 63/1910.

Page #189

Madurai District
167
No. 225
Village
Kilakuyilkudi (Kilakkuļi)
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
On a rock to the north of the Jaina images in the Samanarmalai hill,
Dynasty
King
Date
A. D. 10th century characters
Language
and Script
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Contents
Mentions a palli and the names such as Gunabhadradeva and Chandraprabha.
Reference
ARE, 242/1950-51.

Page #190

168
No. 226
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Kilakuyilkuḍi (Kilakkuḍi)
Madurai
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Madurai
On the top of the same hill, near the basement of a dilapidated temple.
A.D. 10th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
A short label inscription mentioning the name Iraṭṭaiyan (probably a monk or a devotee).
ARE, 243/1950-51.

Page #191

Madurai District
No. 227
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
222
Kilakuyilkuḍi (Kilakkuḍi)
Madurai
Madurai
Same place, near the stone lamp-post.
A.D. 12th century characters
Kannada
169
Mentions names of the Jaina teachers Āryadēva, Bāļachandradēva, belonging to the Mulasangha of Belaguļa; Nēmidēva, Ajitaśēnadēva and Govardhanadeva.
ARE, 244/1950-51.
This Kannada record reveals that Jaina monks from Sravanabelgola in Karnataka had gone to Madurai area in order to propagate Jaina principles.

Page #192

170
No. 228
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Kilavaļavu
Mēlür
Madurai
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On a huge boulder in the Pañchapaṇḍavamalai.
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brahmi
Monastery given (by) Ilavan, (a) lay devotee (from) Tonti.
ARE, 135/1903,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Kilavaļavu, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 214-217.
Many of the letters in this record are inscribed upside down and boldly cut.

Page #193

Madurai District
171
No. 229
Village
Kilavalavu
Taluk
Mēlūr
District
Madurai
Findspot
On a rock in the Pañchapaņdavamalai.
Dynasty
King
Date
A. D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vaţtejuttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that a certain Sankaran Srivallavan caused an image to be cut on the rock and gave thirty sheep for a lamp and an endowment for daily offerings.
Reference
ARE, 39/1907.
No. 230
Village
Kilavalavu
Taluk
Mēlūr
District
Madurai
Findspot
On a rock in the Panchapaņdavamalai.

Page #194

172
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Language
and Script
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Contents
Fragmentary. States that the image was caused to be made by Sri Lokabhānubhațāra.
Reference
ARE, 133/1903, SII, Vol. VIII, No. 419.
Remarks
The inscription seems to be of five short lines, of which only two remain in good state of preservation.
No. 231
Village
Kilavalavu
Taluk
Melūr
District
Madurai
Findspot
On a rock in the Panchapandavamalai.
Dynasty
King
Date
In ancient characters
Tamil
Language
and Script

Page #195

Madurai District
173
Contents
A label mentioning the name Srikațși.
Reference
ARE, 133-A/1903, SII, Vol. VIII, No. 420.
Remarks
Probably, Sri Kațți caused to be cut an image on the rock. This label, like the others, may also be assigned to the 9th century A.D.
No. 232
Village
Kilavaļavu
Taluk
Mēlūr
District
Madurai
Findspot
On another rock in the Panchapaņdavamalai.
Dynasty
-
King
Date
In modern characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
The purport of the record is not clear. Mentions the name of a person, BhūmiAlkara Sundara Alankāran Pillan, the son of Perumbadaikkollan of Pünchurati.
Reference
ARE, 134/1903, SII, Vol. VIII, No. 421.

Page #196

174
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 233
Village
Konkarpuļiyankulam
Taluk
Tirumangalam
District
Madurai
Findspot
On a rock near the village.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Uparuva [n), a lay devotee gave (caused to be given this) canopy.
Reference
ARE, 55/1910, 1. Mahadevan, op. cit., Konkarpuļiyankuļam, No. 1, T.V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 224-225.
No. 234
Village
Konkarpuļiyankulam
Taluk
Tirumangalam
District
Madurai

Page #197

Madurai District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 235
Village
Taluk
District
Remarks
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
On a rock near the village.
2nd - 1st centuries B.C..
Tamil, Brahmi
Ceguatan plaited (the) fronds (for the) canopy. (Two symbols are found at the end of the inscription).
ARE, 56/1910,
I. Mahadevan, op.cit., Końkarpuļiyankulam, No. 2,
T.V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 230-231.
Konkarpuliyankuļam
Tirumangalam
Madurai
On a rock near the village.
175
2nd 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brahmi.

Page #198

176
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Contents
Përātan Pițan of Pā(k)kanūr thatched (caused to be thatched) this canopy, (Two symbols are found at the end of the inscription).
Reference
ARE, 57/1910, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Konkarpuliyankulam, No. 3, T.V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 227-229.
No. 236
Village
Kongarpuļiyankuļam
Taluk
Tirumangalam
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below a Jaina figure in the hill.
carved on a rock
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D, 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
The record contains the name Sri Ajjanandi.
Reference
Remarks
ARE, 54/1910, Probably, it was Ajjanandi who caused to be made the image at this place.

Page #199

Madurai District
177
No. 237
Village
Taluk
Kuppālanattam Tirumangalam Madurai
District
Findspot
On a rock near the Jaina images on the hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vațțeluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
A much damaged record, referring to the cutting of the images.
Reference
ARE, 105/1909.
Remarks
The record is very much mutilated, hence the names of persons who caused the images to be made can not be ascertained.
No. 238
Village
Mānkulam
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
On a rock-cut bed in the hill locally called Kalugumalai.
23

Page #200

178
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Dynasty
Pāņaya
King
Nequńjeliyan
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B. C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Dedication (dhammam) to Kaniynanta, (the) monk (living) yonder. This monstery (palli) (was) caused to be given (by) KatalanValutiy, (an) officer (paņa-an) (under) Nedunceliyan.
Reference
ARE, 465/1906, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mārkuļam, No. 1.
Remarks
The inscription brings to light the names of a Pàņd ya king Neduncheliyan and one of his officers, Kaļalanvaluti. Some of the Pāņdya kings of the Sangam age bore the name Ned uńcheliyan. But it is not definite whether the king referred to in this record is identical with anyone of those who find place in the Sangam works, or a king much earlier to them.
Kaninanta seems to be a reputed Jaina monk as his name occurs in some more epigraphs from Mānkulam.

Page #201

Madurai District
No. 239
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Māňkuļam
Madurai
Madurai
On a rock-cut bed in the hill locally called Kalugumalai.
Pandya
Neḍuňjeliyan
2nd
-
1st centuries B.C.
179
Tamil, Brahmi
Dedication (to) Kaniynanta, (the) monk (living) yonder; this monastery (was) made (by) Catikan, (the) father (of) Ilañcațikan and brother-in-law (Salakan) (of) Neḍuňceliyan.
ARE, 460/1906,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Māñkuļam, No. 2, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 201-203.
This record mentions the names of the Pandya king Neḍuñcheliyan, his brother-inlaw Caţikan and his nephew Ilaňcațikan.

Page #202

180
No. 240
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Māňkuļam
Madurai
Madurai
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On a rock-cut bed in the same hill.
2nd 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brahmi
(To) Kani-i-nata, (the) monk (living) yonder; (the) son (sutan) of Kalitika Antai, (a) merchant-prince (kavitiy) of the mercantile guild (nikama) of Velaraiy caused (this) lattice (piņau) to be given.
ARE, 463/1906,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Mankulam, No. 3, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 204-207.
The son of Kalitika Antai of the merchant guild of Vellagai is said to have caused to be given a lattice work to the abode of the monk, Kaninanta. Vellagai may be identified with Tiruvellagai in the Tiruchirapalli district.

Page #203

Madurai District
181
No. 241
Village
Mānkulam
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
On a rock-cut bed in the same hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd-1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Kaņiynatan gave (this).
Reference
ARE, 242/1963-64, I. Mahadevan, op.cit., Mānkuļam, No. 4.
No. 242
Village
Mārkulam
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
On a rock-cut bed in the same hill.
Dynasty
King

Page #204

182
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Cantaritan gave (caused to be given this).
Reference
ARE, 461/1906, I. Mahadevan, op. cit , Mánkulam, No. 5.
Remarks
The rock-cut bed was caused to be made by Cantaritan.
No. 243
Village
Mānkulam
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
On a rock-cut bed in the same hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Language
and Script
Tamil, Brāhmi
Contents
(The) members of (the) mercantile guild of Veļaja gave (this).

Page #205

Madurai District
Reference
Remarks
No. 244
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
ARE, 462/1906,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Māñkuļam, No. 6.
The keen interest evinced by the merchant guild of Vellagai and its patronage to Jainism is apparent from this record also.
Muttuppatţi
Madurai
Madurai
183
On the rock-cut bed in a cavern on the hill locally called 'Ummanamalai'.
1st-2nd centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
(The) cavern of Caiyalan (i.e., one from Ceylon) (of) Vintaiūr.
ARE, 58, 59/1910,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Muttuppatti, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 269-71.

Page #206

184
Remarks
No. 245
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
The term 'Caiyalan' occurring in this epigraph is taken to mean a person from Ceylon. T. V. Mahalingam, on the other hand, considers it a proper name as is denoted by a masculine suffix 'an'. The word 'Kavi' is used to denote the cave. In Sanskrit, 'gavi' means a cave. Ibid., P. 270.
Muttuppaţţi
Madurai
Madurai
On a boulder in the same place.
1st 2nd centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
(The) son of Cattan Antai of Nakapërür. ARE, 60/1910,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Muttuppatti, No. 2. Evidently, the son of Cattan Antai of the village Nakapērur caused to be made the rock-cut bed. Nākapērūr may be a village near the Nagamalai hill in Madurai.

Page #207

Madurai District
185
No. 246
Village
Muttuppatti
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
Side of a boulder cut in the form of a bed in the cave adjacent to the one with the Jaina image on the hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
1st - 2nd centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
A fragmentary inscription which reads as follows. .... ti .... kkāttān ma... nan ...ey.
Reference
ARE, 243/1963-64, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Muttuppațți, No. 3.
Remarks
Seems to refer the name of a person who probably caused to be cut the stone bed.
24

Page #208

186
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 247
Village
Muttuppatti
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below a Jaina image carved on a boulder.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vațţeluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that Kanakavira Periyadigal, a disciple of Guņaśēnadēva who was a disciple of Kuraņdi Ashtopavāsibhațāra of Veņbunāļu, caused to be made this image in the name of the inhabitants of Kuyitkudi (modern Kilakkudi).
Reference
ARE, 61/1910.

Page #209

Madurai District
No.
Village
Taluk
248
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 249
Village
Taluk
District
Muttuppaṭṭi
Madurai
Madurai
Below a Jaina image carved on a boulder.
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Records that Maganandi, a disciple of Kugandi Ashtopavaśi, caused this image to be cut in the name of the inhabitants of the district.
ARE, 62/1910.
Pēchchipaļļam
187
Madurai
Madurai

Page #210

188
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
Below a Jaina image carved on a rock.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vațţeluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that this image was caused to be made, on behalf of his younger brother, by Araiyangāvadi, the pupil of Guņaśēnadēva, who was in-charge of this paļļi.
Reference
ARE, 69/1910.
Remarks
The Jaina relics at Pēchchipallam are similar to those at Kilakkuļi and Kongarpuliyankulam. Besides, there is a large courtyard infront of a rock which bears Jaina sculptures, mostly in standing pose with a canopy of five serpent-hoods spreading over their heads. ARE, 1910, p. 78.
No. 250
Village
Pêchchipallam
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai

Page #211

Madurai District
189
Findspot
Below a Jaina figure carved on a rock.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vațţeluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be cut by Kanakanandi, a servant of Tirukkurandi in Venbu-nadu.
Reference
ARE, 68/1910.
No. 251
Village
Pēchchipallam
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below a Jaina image carved on a rock.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters Tamil, Vaţteluttu
Language
and Script

Page #212

190
Contents
Reference
No. 252
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Records that the image was cut on behalf of Velan Saḍaiyan, a shepherd of Parür in Milalai-kuggam, by his wife.
ARE, 67/1910
Pechchipallam
Madurai
Madurai
Below a Jaina image carved on a rock.
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Records that the image was caused to be cut by Kandanporpaṭṭan of Sigukaḍaippuram, a pupil of Guņaśēnadeva who was in-charge of this palli.
ARE, 66/1910.

Page #213

Madurai District
No.
Village
Taluk
253
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Pēchchipallam
Madurai
Madurai
Below a Jaina image carved on a rock.
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
191
Records that the image was caused to be made on behalf of a certain AchchanSripalan, nephew of Anattavan Māģēnan, a disciple of Guņaśēnadēva who was in-charge of this palli.
ARE, 65/1910.

Page #214

192
No. 254
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Pechchipallam
Madurai
Madurai
Below a Jaina image carved on a rock.
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Records that Gunamatiyār, mother Ajjanandi, caused this image to be cut.
of
ARE, 64/1910.
This epigraph reveals that Guṇamatiyar was the mother of the famous monk Ajjanandi, whose name occurs at Anaimalai, Aiyampāļayam and Karungālakkuḍi.

Page #215

Madurai District
193
No. 255
Village
Tirupparankunram
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
On the rock-cut bed in the upper cavern.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Antuvan gave (caused to be given this).
Reference
ARE, 142/1951-52, 1. Mahadevan, op.cit., Tiruppararkunçam, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op.cit., pp. 256-257.
Remarks
This and the following two inscriptions, though fragmentary, record the names of persons who caused the stone beds to be cut in the caves.
25

Page #216

194
No. 256
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Tirupparankungam
Madurai
Madurai
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On the rock-cut bed in the Jaina cave on the hill.
2nd
-
1st centuries B. C.
Tamil, Brahmi
A fragment. Mentions ... kaya.
ARE, 140/1951-52,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Tirupparankungam, No. 2,
T. V. Mahalingam, op.cit., pp. 256-57.

Page #217

Madurai District
195
No. 257
Village
Tirupparankungam
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
On the rock-cut bed in the Jajna cave on the hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. The portion containing the word . . . mārayatu ..... remains now.
Reference
ARE, 141/1951-52. I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Tirupparankungam, No. 3, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 256-57.

Page #218

196
No. 258
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Tirupparankungam
Madurai
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Madurai
On the pillowside of the rock-cut bed in the lower cavern.
1st - 2nd centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
Pola laiyan (of) Erukātür, a householder (from) Ceylon gave (this); Ay, Cayan (and) Neţucatan (made this).
ARE, 333/1908,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Tirupparankungam, No. 4,
T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 251-255.
It is interesting to observe that this record mentions the donor as a house holder from Ceylon (ilakuṭumpikan) and a resident of Erukāṭṭür. The contact between Tamil country and Ilam in the early centuries of the Christian era is thus apparent. Erukāṭṭūr may be the native village of the Tamil poet Tāyankaņṇanar whose poems are included in Ahananuṛu.

Page #219

Madurai District
197
No. 259
Village
Tiruvātavür
Taluk
Mēlūr
District
Madurai
Findspot
On a rock-cut bed in the hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd-1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Aritan of ... pankatu gave (caused to be given this).
Reference
ARE, 276/1965-66, I. Mahadevan, op.cit., Tiruvātavūr, No. I.
No. 260
Village
Tiruvātavūr
Taluk
Mēlūr
District
Madurai

Page #220

198
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On a rock-cut bed in the same hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - Ist centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Paracũ, (a) lay devotee gave caused to be given this) abode.
Reference
ARE, 275/1965-66, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Tiruvā tavūr, No. 2
No. 261
Village
Uttamapāļayam
Taluk
Periyakulam
District
Madurai
Findspot
On a boulder near the Karuppannasvami rock.
Dynasty
(Pandya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Language
and Script
Tamil, Vațţeluttu

Page #221

Madurai District
199
Contents
Registers a grant of 11 kasu by Anantavira-adigal for a lamp to the god Tiruguņagirideva and states that the adigal in-charge of the paļļi should burn the lamp with the interest accruing out of the money granted. ARE, 732/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 128.
Reference
Remarks
The rock containing Jaina images at Uttamapalayam was called Tirugunagiri, and the palli was under the control of a monk whose name is not mentioned in the record.
No. 262
Village
Uttamapalayam
Taluk
Periyakulam
District
Madurai
Findspot
Above the first three images in the first row, on the Karuppannasvami rock.
Dynasty
Pandya
King
Date
Sadaiyamāgan (Srimāga Srivallabha) 20th regnal year (835 A.D.) Tamil, Vatteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
A much damaged record (The details of the record are not given in the epigraphical report).
Reference
ARE, 722/1905,

Page #222

200
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 263
Village
Uttamapalayam
Taluk
Periyakulam
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below the first image on the Karuppannas vámi rock.
Dynasty
(Pāņdya)
King
Date
A. D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Language
and Script
.
Contents
Damaged. Seems to record that the image was caused to be made by Siddha ..., son of a person whose name is lost, hailing from the village Veņbaikkarai in Veņbaikkudinādu.
Reference
ARE, 723/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 120.

Page #223

Madurai District
201
No. 264
Village
Uttamapalayam
Taluk
Periyakulam
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below the second Jaina image carved on the Karuppannasvami rock.
Dynasty
(Pāodya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Damaged. Refers to the names of persons like Villikugandi-ti.... and Chandraprabhā of Veņbunādu.
Reference
ARE, 724/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 121. The name of the first person referred to may be Villikusandi-tirthabhatāra.
Remarks
No. 265
Village
Uttamapālayam
Taluk
Periyakulam
District
Madurai
26

Page #224

202
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
Below the third image carved on the Karuppannaśyami rock.
Dynasty
(Pāņdya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the sacred image was caused to be made by Arishțanēmiperiyār, the disciple of Ashtopavāśi Kanakaviran.
Reference
ARE, 725/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 122.
No. 266
Village
Uttamapālayam
Taluk
Periyakulam
District
Madurai
Findspot
On the rock known as Karuppannas v ami rock.
Dynasty
(Pāņdya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters

Page #225

Madurai District
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 267
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Tamil, Vatteluttu
The three labels are very much damaged.
ARE, 726, 727 and 731/1905,
SII, Vol. XIV, Nos. 123, 124, 127-A.
Nothing can be read from these obliterated labels.
Uttamapalayam
Periyakuļam
Madurai
203
Below the ninth image on the Karuppanṇasvami rock.
(Pāṇḍya)
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Fragmentary. The last part is completely lost. Mentions Senguḍināḍu.

Page #226

204
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Reference
ARE, 728/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 125.
Remarks
Seems to state that the image was caused to be made by a person from Senguļinādu.
No. 268
Village
Uttamapāļayam
Taluk
Periyakulam
District
Madurai
Findspot
Below the tenth Jaina image carved on the Karuppannasvdmi rock.
Dynasty
(Pāņdya)
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil, Vaţteluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the image was caused to be made by Ajjanandi.
Reference
ARE, 729/1905, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 126.
Remarks
Ajjanandi figures in Anamalai and Aiyampāļayam inscriptions also. It may refer to one and the same person who caused the Jaina images to be made in all these places.

Page #227

Madurai District
No.
Village
Taluk
269
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Uttamapalayam
Periyakulam
Madurai
Below the eleventh image on the Karuppannasvami rock.
(Pandya)
A.D. 9th century characters
205
Tamil, Vatteluttu
States that this was the work of Kichchiyar of the village Vālaippatţiśālai.
ARE, 730/190, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 127.
Obviously, it records that the image was caused to be made by a person from Valaippatţiśālai.

Page #228

206
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 270
Village
Varichchiyūr
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai
Findspot
On the over-hanging boulder about 30 feet from the cavern near the village.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd century B.C. - 2nd century A.D.
Language
and Script
Tamil, Brāhmi
Contents
Fragmentary. (The) paļi (paļļi) given by ...
Reference
ARE, 38-A/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Varichchiyūr, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 272-73.
No. 271
Village
Varichchiyūr
Taluk
Madurai
District
Madurai

Page #229

Madurai District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No
272
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
In the same place.
2nd century B.C. 2nd century A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
Badly damaged and fragmentary. to mention a hundred rock beds.
Varichchiyur
Madurai
ARE, 38-B/1908,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Varichchiyur, No. 2.
Madurai
In the same place.
207
2nd century B.C. 2nd century A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
Appears

Page #230

208
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Contents
Damaged and fragmentary. (The) four beds (seats) made by ... natan.
Reference
ARE, 38-c/1908, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Varichchiyūr, No. 3.
No, 273
Village
Vikkiramangalam
Taluk
Tirumangalam
District
Madurai
Findspot
On the rock-cut bed in the natural cavern locally called Undankal.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Reference
(The) gift made by (the) son of Antaiypikan. ARE, 621/1926, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Vikkiramangalam, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 232–235.

Page #231

Madurai District
209
No. 274
Village
Vikkiramangalam
Taluk
Tirumangalam
District
Madurai
Findspot
On the rock-cut bed in the natural cavern locally called Undankal.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - Ist centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Kuviran (of) Petalai.
Reference
ARE, 622/1926, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Vikkiramangalam, No. 2, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 232-235.
Remarks
Mentions the name of a person, Kuviran, a native of Petalai, who probably caused to be made the bed.
27

Page #232

210
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 275
Village
Vikkiramangalam
Taluk
Tirumangalam
District
Madurai
Findspot
On the rock-cut bed in the same place.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Cenkuviran (a male personal name).
Reference
ARE, 623/1926, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Vikkiramangalam, No. 3, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 232-235.
Remarks
This seems to be connected with the previous inscription (ARE, 622/1926) mentioning Kuviran of Petalai.

Page #233

Madurai District
211
No. 276
Village
Vikkiramangalam
Taluk
Tirumangalam
District
Madurai
Findspot
At the head of the southern most bed among the lower row of beds.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd - 1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Kuvirātan (a male personal name).
Reference
ARE, 286/1963-64, 1. Mahadevan, op. cit., Vikkiramangalam, No. 4.
Remarks
This may be a varient form of the name Kuviran (ARE, 622/1926) or, a person belonging to the same family,

Page #234

212
No. 277
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Vikkiramangalam
Tirumangalam
Madurai
On the brow of the cave locally called Undankal.
2nd-1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brahmi
(The) gift of Catan (of) our village.
ARE, 285/1963-64,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Vikkiramangalam, No. 5.
The gift may be one of the stone-beds found in the cave.

Page #235

NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT
1. Elankaḍu
2. Karantai
3. Kilsattamangalam
4. Kuppattūr
5. Māmaṇḍūr
6. Ōdalavāḍi
7.
8. Ponnur
Panchapāṇḍavamalai
9. Puduppaḍi
10. Pūṇḍi
11.
Sakkaramallur
12, Saļukki
13. Siyamangalam
14. Tigakkol
15. Tirumalai
16. Vallimalai
17.
18. Vēḍal
19. Vēlappäḍi
20. Viļāppakkam
Valutalankuņam
10

Page #236

214
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 278
Village
Elankadu
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the pedestal of the Neminātha bronze image found in the Neminātha temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
(A.D. 15th-16th century characters)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
States that the image belonged to TiruMayilāpuri. It also mentions the name Jinaśēna -āchārya.
Reference
Mukkudai, January, 1975.
Remarks
It is evident that this image of Nēminātha was brought to Elankādu from Mylapore in Madras. Probably, it was installed here by Jinaśēna-āchārya. The image bears stylistic features of the 5th-16th century A.D. The palaeography of the record is also of the same period.

Page #237

North Arcot District
215
No. 279
Village
Karantai (Tirupanambūr)
Taluk
Cheyyāju
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the inner wall of the gopura, right of entrance in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple.
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Nandivarman III
Date
(846-869 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Three verses in praise of Pallavarkon who fought at Tellagu and imprisoned the Valava (i.e.) the Chola king.
Reference
ARE, 140/1939-40.
Remarks
This and the next record (142/1939–40) mention only the political exploits of Nandivarman III and not his contribution to this Jaina temple.

Page #238

216
Jaina Inscriptions in
Tamilnadu
No. 280
Village
Karantai
Taluk
Cheyyāgu
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the inner wall of the gõpura, left of entrance in the same temple.
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Nandivarman III
Date
(846-869 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Verses in praise of the chief mentioned in ARE, 140/1939-40 (i. e., Nandivarman III), who is here called Tribhuvanattirajakkaļ - Tambiran, and of his encounter with the Chola king.
Reference
ARE, 142/1939–40.

Page #239

North Arcot District
217
No. 281
Village
Karantai
Taluk
Cheyyāju
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the base of the central shrine in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājakāśarivarman alias Virarājëndra
Date
5th regnal year (1068 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Scrip
Contents
Records a sale of land, made tax-free, by three members of the assembly (ūr) as tiruvilappuram to the Jaina temple at Karantai, a hamlet of Tirukkāmakottapugam.
Reference
ARE, 129/1939-40.
28

Page #240

218
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 282
Village
Karantai
Taluk
Cheyyāsu
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the West and south sides of the base of the Vardhamāna shrine in the KunthuTirthankara temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Kulottungachola I
Date
45th regnal year (1115 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records sale of land as Palļivil agam by the assembly of Tiruppajambūr in Tirukkämakkoţtapusam situated in Kāliyūr nãdu, a subdivision of Kaliyūr-kottam a district of Jayaňkondaĵolamandalam, to the temple of Tirukkațsampaļļi-alvar in the village.
Reference
ARE, 135/1939-40.
Remarks
The presiding deity is called Tirukkatampalli-alyar in this record.

Page #241

North Arcot District
219
No. 283
Village
Karantai
Taluk
Cheyyāju
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the inner wall of the gopura, right of entrance in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rajarājadeva
Date
10th regnal year
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records an agreement given by the Kaniyalan of the temple to burn, for 300 kasu received by him, a twilight lamp before the image of Tirumētrisaipperumal in the temple of Virarajendra-perumpalļi at Tirukkāmakkottam alias Tiruppagambūr in Ilankāļu, situated in Venkunjakkottam.
Reference
ARE, 141/1939.40.
Remarks
Tirupparambür is called Tirukkāmakkottam in this record, while some other inscriptions refer to it as a hamlet of Tirukkāmakottapugam (See, 129, 135/1939-40).

Page #242

220
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 284
Village
Karantai
Taluk
Cheyyāsu
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the second wing stone of the steps leading to the mandapa infront of the central shrine in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājarājadēva
Date
10th regnal year
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records gift of cows by a Vellala of Orgukkādu in Orfukkāļļu - kogtam, a district of Jayaňkondašolamandalam, for a perpetual lamp in the Jaina temple.
Reference
ARE, 132/1939–40.

Page #243

North Arcot District
No.
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
285
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Karantai
Cheyya gu
North Arcot
On the wing-stone of steps leading to the mandapa infront of the central shrine in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple.
Chōla
Rājarājadēva
11th regnal year
221
Tamil
Gives a list of lamps endowed by the nagarattar of Arumolidevapuram, a nagara in Panaiyur-nāḍu, a subdivision of Rajarajavaļanāḍu, for burning during the waking ceremony (tiruppalli - yeluchchi) in the Jaina temple of Virarajendrap-perumpalli at Tiruppagambūr.
ARE, 131/1939-40.

Page #244

222
Jaina Inscriptions in
Tamilnadu
No. 286
Village
Karantai
Taluk
Cheyyāju
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the west wall of the prakara near the gõpura of the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājarājadēva
Date
18th regnal year
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Tirunilaikilan
Fragmentary. Mentions Mallan Pūvan of Ilaňkādu
Reference
ARE, 139/1939-40.
No. 287
Village
Karantai
Taluk
Cheyyāju
District
North Arcot

Page #245

North Arcot District
223
Findspot
On the base of the central shrine in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
(A.D. 13th century characters)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Beginning lost. Registers gift of sheep for a perpetual lamp in the temple of Arugadēvar (Arhat) Virarajēndrapperumpalli-Alvar by Tugilikidān-Araiyan Uủaiyān of Pagambūr in Kāliyūrnādu, a sub-division of Kāliyūrkottam.
Reference
ARE, 130/1939–40.
No. 288
Village
Karantai
Taluk
Cheyyāju
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the door-jamb of the entrance in the gõpura in the Kunthu-Tirthařkara temple.
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Kopperuńjinga

Page #246

224
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Date
(1243-1279 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Three verses in praise of the prowess of the king Köpperuňjinga.
Reference
ARE, 143/1939-40.
No. 289
Village
Karantai
Taluk
Cheyyāju
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the west wall of the prakara in the same temple.
Dynasty
Telugu-Chola
King
Vijaya Gaņdagopāla
Date
20th regnal year (1270 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records gift of three Palavanna - madai (coin) and paddy by Aruvantai Āņọal Tiruchchofguttugai Uủaiyār of Ponnür for burning six twilight lamps for a jāmam (i.e., 3 hours) in the temple.
Reference
ARE, 138/1939-40."

Page #247

North Arcot District
No. 290
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
29
Karantai
Cheyyaru
North Arcot
On a slab set up infront of the KunthuTirthankara temple.
Vijayanagar
Krishnadevaraya
Saka 1431 (1510 A.D.)
225
Tamil
States that owing to the levy of jöḍi tax on temple lands by Ramappa Nayaka, the Mugappavaḍai officer of Narasimharaya, many temples became neglected, and that Krishnadevaraya, on the occasion of his accession to the throne, made all the dēvadana lands sarvamanya including those belonging to the Jaina and Buddhist temples in Paḍaividu-rājya and Chandragiri-rajya, by which the Jaina temple Virarajendrasōlapperumpaļļi at Karandai was also benefited.
ARE, 144/1939-40.

Page #248

226
No. 291
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Karantai
Cheyyagu
North Arcot
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On a pedestal with marks of two feet cut in relief, set up near the gōpura in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple.
A.D. 16th century characters.
Sanskrit, Grantha
An invocation for the undying fame of Samantabhadra, the Sun to the lotus heart (i.e., teacher) of Pushpaśēna-yogindra.
ARE, 145/1939-40.
It represents the foot-prints of Samantabhadra, the teacher of Pushpasena - Yogindra.

Page #249

North Arcot District
227
No. 292
Village
Karantai
Taluk
Cheyyāju
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a slab built into the wall of the prakara near the gopura in the KunthuTirthankara temple.
Dynasty
Vijayanagar
King
Mahāmandalesvara Rāmadeva Mahārāya
Date
Saka 1541 (1619 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Incomplete, Records gift of land in Karantai as sarvamanya by Vāla (Bāla) nā gana Nayaka and the tänartar to Kayilāyapulavar. (a scholar ?).
Reference
ARE, 137/1939-40.
Remarks
Kayilāyapulavar may be a Jaina poet, but his works are not known to us.

Page #250

228
No. 293
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Karantai
Cheyyaru
North Arcot
On the east base of the Dharmadevi shrine in the Kunthu-Tirthankara temple.
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Saka 1669 (1747 A.D.)
Tamil
Records the renovation in mortar of the
shrine of Kunthunathain Munigiri by
gopura of the
śvāmi
-
Devarājaśvāmi
Agastiyappanayinār.
ARE, 136/1939-40.
The superstructure of the gōpura of the Kunthunatha temple was renovated by one Agastiyappanayinār in 1747 A. D. Karantai was also called Munigiri.

Page #251

North Arcot District
229
No. 294
Village
Karantai
Taluk
Cheyyāgu
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a pedestal with a pair of feet in the maņdapa of the same temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Sanskrit, Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Gives the name Munibhadraśvāmin.
Reference
ARE, 134/1939-40.
Remarks
This denotes that the foot-prints are of Munibhadraśvāmi.
No. 295
Village
Karantai
Taluk
Cheyyāgu
District
North Arco

Page #252

230
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On the pedestal kept inside the mandapa infront of the central shrine in the Kunthu-Tirthan kara temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
States that they are the Siddhas whose mouths recite the mantras invoking certain specified sacred names.
Reference
ARE, 133/1939-40.
No. 296
Village
Kilsāttamangalam
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a rock locally known as Perumalparai near the Chandranāthaśvāmi temple.
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Nandivarman II

Page #253

North Arcot District
231
231
Date
14th regnal year (745 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the gift of seven kalañju of gold by Ilayarappanandi for feeding the jaina ascetics who were not in the regular establishments of the palli. The gift was entrusted to the villagers who agreed to look after the endowment and pay one ulakku of rice for one kalañju per day.
Reference
ARE, 219/1968-69, also, M.D. Sampath, “Jaina inscriptions of Sãttamangalam", in Seminar on Inscriptions (ed, R. Nagaswamy), 1968, pp. 157-158.
Remarks
The name of the donor is also read as Andai Ilaiyâr pavanandi. See, A.Chakravarti, Jaina Literature in Tamil, (ed. K.V. Ramesh), Appendix-I, p. 147.
No. 297
Village
Kilsāttamangalam
Talak
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the same rock
Dynasty
Pallava

Page #254

232
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No.
298
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Nandivarman II
56th regnal year (787 A.D.)
Tamil
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Records the gift of seventeen kalanju (of gold) for providing one ulakku of rice for one kalanju every morning to the Jaina temple by Pundi Muppāvai, the daughter of Jinaḍiyär of Vilukkam. Damaged at the end.
ARE, 220/1968-69,
M.D. Sampath, op.cit., pp. 158-159.
Vilukkam is another Jaina centre in South Arcot district, referred to in an inscription from Chittā mūr.
Kilsattamangalam
Wandiwash
North Arcot
On the same rock.
Pallava
Nandivarman II
56th regnal year (787 A.D.)

Page #255

North Arcot District
233
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records an endowment of land probably for the maintenance of a lake by the ūrar of Sāttamangalam and Isamakkal,
Reference
ARE, 225/1968–69.
No. 299
Village
Kidsāttamangalam
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the same rock
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Kampavarman
Date
6th regnal year (876 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that Mandavi, the wife of Kādagatīyanayar, renovated this Jaina temple, caused the mukhamandapa to be built, renovated the palli, built a temple for Yakshabhassari (Yakshi) and gifted a big bell.
30

Page #256

234
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Reference
ARE, 221/1968-69, M.D. Sampath, op. cit., p. 159.
Remarks
The name of the donor seems to be Madavi and her husband's name Kāďakatiyaraiyar. A. Chakravarti, op. cit., Appendix, p. 155.
No. 300
Village
Kilsāttamangalam
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a small rock to the north of the main shrine of the Chandranātha temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
(Parāntaka I)
Date
(907-955 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
It is an inscription of the king 'Madiraikonda Köparakēšari' (Parāntaka I).
Reference
M.D. Sampath, op. cit., p. 161. The details of the inscription given by the editor.
Remarks
are not

Page #257

North Arcot District
No.
Village
Taluk
301
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 302
Village
Taluk
District
Kilsattamangalam
Wandiwash
North Arcot
On a rock known as Perumalpaṛai.
Chōla
Parthivēndravarman
11th regnal year (A. D. 10th century characters)
Tamil
It refers to the village Sattamangalam as being in Venkungakottam, a subdivision of Vepkunganāḍu. In A.D. 10th century characters.
ARE, 222/1968-69,
M.D. Sampath, op. cit., p. 160.
Kilsattamangalam
235
Wandiwash
North Arcot

Page #258

236
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 303
Village
Taluk
District
On the same rock.
Chōla
Ko-Rajarajakēśarivarman (Rājarāja I)
10th regnal year (995 A.D.)
Tamil
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
as
Records gift of land for a perpetual lamp to be lighted in the jaina temple known Vimala - Sriyaryatirthapalli, by Baladěvapiḍāran, a disciple of Sri Adideva. Sättamangalam is said to be a village in Venkungakottam, a sub-division of Venkunganāḍu.
ARE, 223/1968-69,
M.D. Sampath, op. cit., p, 160.
In the Annual Report on Epigraphy, the regnal year of the king is given as 13 (223/1968-69), in which case the date should be 998 A.D.
Kilsattamangalam
Wandiwash
North Arcot

Page #259

North Arcot District
237
Findspot
On the same rock.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 11th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Beginning lost and damaged. Seems to record an endowment of land made taxfree for certain food offerings to the deity, Alvar of Vimala Sri Aryatirtha
paļļi.
Reference
ARE, 224/1968-69.
No. 304
Village
Kunnattur
Taluk
Polūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the east wall of the Rishabhanātha temple near the ruined Vishnu temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Saka 1363 (1441 A.D.)

Page #260

238
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Seems to record the con
of the Arhat (Jaina) temple at Kungai (i. e., Kuppattūr).
Reference
ARE, 103/1941-42.
No. 305
Village
Māmandūr
Taluk
Cheyyāju
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the brow of a boulder in the hill.
Dynasty
King
Kakiman
Date
3rd-4th centuries A.D.
Language
and Script
Tamil, Brāhmi
Contents
(The) hill of Kaạimān, (the) Chieftain (who) took Tênür ; Ciqu...van, (the) stone mason, made (this).

Page #261

North Arcot District
239
Reference
ARE, 171/1939-40, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Māmaņdūr, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 288-289.
Remarks
We are yet to know the history of the chieftain, Kanimān, who took Tēnür. The name of the stone mason who modelled the cavern is also read as Calāvan.
ook Tende. The
No. 306
Village
Ödalavāļi
Taluk
Polür
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the South base of the central shrine in the Jaina temple..
Dynasty
Pandya
King
Tribhuvanachakravarti Kulasakharadava
Date
3rd regnal year (1271 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records gift of tax-free land as palsichchandam by Õdalan olan Mārtiyālvār of Odalapādi, after purchasing it from the ūravar of the village to the Jaina temple of Nayanar Aniyadalagiyar.

Page #262

240
Reference
Remarks
No. 307
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
ARE, 142/1941-42.
The presiding deity of the temple is called Aniyada-alagiyar. It means one who does not wear garment (or, ornaments).
Ōdalavaḍi
Poļūr
North Arcot
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On a broken pillar lying in the street opposite to the Jaina temple.
13th regnal year
Tamil
Fragmentary. Records a gift by the naṭṭavar of Murugamangalapparru for worship and cloth (tirupparivaṭṭam) to the deity.
ARE, 144/1941-42.

Page #263

North Arcot District
241
No. 308
Village
õdalavadi
Talak
Polür
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the north wall of the central shrine in the Arhat temple.
Dynasty
Vijayanagar Virakampaņa Udaiyar
King
Date
(1358-1374 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Stops after mentioning the name of the king.
Reference
ÀRE, 143/1941-42.
No. 309
Village
Panchapapdavamalai (Tiruppanmalai)
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
31

Page #264

242
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 310
Village
Taluk
District
On the front face of the rock which overhangs a natural cave.
Pallava
Nandipõttaraśar (Nandivarman II)
50th regnal year (781 A.D.)
Tamil
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
States that the images of a Yakshi named Ponniyakkiyar and a saint Naganandin (which are preserved to the present day) were cut out of the rock by Naranan, the son of Maruttuvar of Pugalā laimangalam.
ARE, 10/1895, Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, pp. 136-137.
Naganandi seems to be the Jaina preceptor of the place. Ponniyakkiyar may be identified with Siddhāyika, the Yakshi of Mahāvira.
P. B. Desai, Jainism in South India, p. 40
Panchapāṇḍavamalai (Tiruppanmalai)
Wandiwash
North Arcot

Page #265

North Arcot District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 311
Village
Taluk
District
On the western face of the rock which overhangs the natural cave.
Chōla
Rājarājakēśarivarman (Rājarāja I)
8th regnal year (993 A.D.)
Tamil
Records that a gift was made to the god of Tiruppanmalai on the hill by a certain Latarajavirachoļa who seems to have been a vassal of Rājarāja I. It also mentions Tiruppanmalai as a place situated in Peruntimirinaḍu which was a sub-division of Paḍavūrkōṭṭam.
ARE, 19/1890, Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, pp. 137-140.
243
Tiruppanmalaidēvar of this inscription must be the seated Jaina image carved on the same rock, bearing the epigraph.
P. B. Desai, op. cit., pp. 39-40.
Ponnur
Wandiwash
North Arcot

Page #266

244
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On the east base of the mahamandapa infront of the central shrine in the Ā dinātha temple,
Dynasty
Pă ndya
King
Māsavarman alias Vikrama Pandya
Date
7th regnal year (1256 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the națțavar of Vidalpartu assigned the taxes payable by those settling in the paļļi-vilagam of Ādinātha, to provide for worship and repairs.
Reference
ARE, 415/1928–29.
No. 312
Village
Ponnur
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a beam of the mahamandapa infront of the central shrine in the Ādinātha temple.
Dynasty
Vijayanagar Sāļuva Narasimhadava
King
Date
(1452-1492 A.D.)

Page #267

North Arcot District
245
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragment. Mentions the temple of Kanakamalai-alvar at Ponnür.
Reference
ARE, 417/1928-29.
No. 313
Village
Ponnur
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a beam of the mahamandapa infront of the central shrine in the Ādinātha temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Saka 1655 (1733 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
States that 'the Jains of the SvarṇapuraKanakagiri should take the images of Pārsvanātha and Jvā lamalini-amman from the temple of Ādiśvara every Sunday to Nilagiriparvata, situated to the north-west of the temple, at the time of the weekly worship of Helâchārya,

Page #268

246
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Reference
ARE, 416/1928–29, Epi. Ind., Vol. XXIX, p. 199 ff.
Remarks
Svarnapura is the Sanskrit name of Ponnür, and Kanakagiri is the low mound on which the Ādinātha temple is situated. The temple has a number of icons representing Tirthankaras and Yakshis, of which Jvālamālini is the most important. It is believed that Helāchārya was a renowned monk of the Dravida-gana and a native of Hēmagrāma (Ponnūr). The Nilagiri hill, the habitat of the goddess, is situated to the north-west of Ādinātha temple and contains the sacred feet of Hēlāchārya carved on the top of it. ARE, 1928–29, pt. II, para, 74.
No. 314
Village
Ponnür
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a slab fixed near the chavadi in the village.
Dynasty
King
Date

Page #269

North Arcot District
247
Language
and Script
Sanskrit, Grantha
Contents
Contains some mystic symbols invoking the protection of Pārsva-Tirthankara.
Reference
ARE, 418/1928-29.
No. 315
Village
Puduppādi
Taluk
Walajapet
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a stone kept in the Public Works department bungalow.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 11th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
A short label inscription mentioning SvastiSri Iravikulamaņikka perumpalli.
Reference
ARE, 255/1906.

Page #270

248
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 316
Village
Pūndi
Taluk
Ārapi
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the west wall of the Jaina temple of Ponninātha.
Dynasty
Sambhuvarāya
King
(Viravira Sambhuvaraya)
Date
(A.D. 13th-14th century characters)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the building of a Jaina temple called Viravirajinalaya, named after the chieftain, and the gift of a village to it. The lands belonging to the temple were marked with 'Kundihaikal'. Pūņdi is stated to be a village in Meyyūrnadu in Palkunsakkottam.
Reference
ARE, 58/1900, SII., Vol. VII, No. 62.
Remarks
Kundihaikal means boundary stones marked with a Kamandala (water pot).

Page #271

North Arcot District
249
No. 317
Village
Sakkaramallûr
"Taluk
Walajapet
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the north wall of the central shrine in the Tirukkaņdiśvara (Siva) temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Saka 1683 (1761 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Registers a sale of land by the Mudalimar of Chakramūdūr to Pushpanātha Nayinār and to Agasthiyappa Nayinār, son of Kuntiyappa (Nayinār), two Jaina residents of Tiruppasambūr for 405 ChennapattanaVarahan.
Reference
ARE, 25/1940-41.
Remarks
The record, though found in the Siva temple, mentions the names of two Jains of Tiruppagambûr (Karantai). A Chola inscription (ARE, 33/1940-41) from the same Siva temple refers to some pallichchandam land, made tax - free. Hence, a Jaina temple should have been there either at Sakkaramallūr or nearby. The ancient name of the village was Chakramūdür.

Page #272

250
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 318
Village
Salukki
Taluk
Wandiwash
District :
North Arcot
Findspot
On the south wall of the central shrine in the Vişņu temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājēndra Chola I
Date
8th regnal year (1020 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
States that Pondi-Muratpuļi of Veņkungakkottam consecrated the images of Cholakērala-Viņņagar Emperumān (Vişņu) of the western temple, Manukulamādévisvaramudaiyār (Siva) of Srikailāsam temple, Virakēraļaperumpalli, Uttarādėvi and Ambalanangai (Durga) as a protection of the city (Salukki) and made provisions for worship etc., in the first two temples and also made gifts of land to all these temples by assigning the villages of Eğumbūr, Kugumbūr, Viraperumbākkam and Ilappai. The servants required for these temples were also given house sites.
Reference
ARE, 474/1920, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 123.

Page #273

North Arcot District
Remarks
No. 319
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
The donor had generously endowed to the temples of the Hindu and Jaina sects. The Jaina palli of this locality was called Virakeralaperumpalli.
Siyamangalam
Wandiwash
North Arcot
251
In a cave on the top of the hill.
Western Ganga
Rājamalla II
Saka 815 (892-93 A.D.)
Sanskrit, Grantha
The inscription is partly in prose and partly in poetry. The first part states that the arunkaļ-anvaya (the school of the monks) belonged to the Nandiśangha of Jinendrasangha. The second part records that the king Rājamalla founded two temples for Jinarāja at Vidyādri.
P. Venkatesan, "Two Jaina Inscriptions from Siyamangalam", Journal of the Epigraphical Society of India, Vol. II, 1984, pp. 21-23.

Page #274

252
Jaina Inscriptions in
Tamilnadu
Remarks
Vidyadri appears to be the ancient name of the hill on which the inscription is incised. Ibid., p. 22.
No. 320
Village
Siyamangalam
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a rock at the foot of the hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 10th century characters
Language
and Script
Sanskrit and Tamil, Grantha
Contents
This epigraph is also in prose and poetry. The Sanskrit portion begins with an exaltation to the arunga!-anvaya, belonging to the Nandisangha of Dravi dasargha. The Tamil portion records that VajranandiYogindrar who was the mandalacharya of the arungal anyaya, caused to be constructed a flight of steps.
Reference
ARE, 227-A/1901, SII, Vol. VII, No. 441.

Page #275

North Arcot District
No.
Village
Taluk
321
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Tigakkol
Wandiwash
North Arcot
On the east face of the boulder containing Jaina images.
Chōla
Parakēśarivarman
3rd regnal year (A.D. 10th century characters)
253
Tamil
Damaged. Registers a gift of sheep for ghee to the Jaina palli at Tandapuram in Ponnur-naḍu, a subdivision of Venkungakkottam, by Eranandi alias NaratongaPallavaraiyan who was a native of Nelvĕlinādu, a sub-division of Tenkarai Panaiyurnaḍu in Solamandalam.
ARE, 276/1916, SII, Vol. XIX, No. 51.

Page #276

254
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 322
Village
Tirakkol
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a rock to the east of the boulder containing Jaina images.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Parakesarivarman
Date
12th regnal year (A. D. 10th century characters)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Registers a gift of paddy to KanakaviraSittadigal. Mentions Sembiyan Sembottiladana, son of Vidễlviàugu Sembottila danār alias Guņaperumānār.
Reference
ARE, 279/1916, SII, Vol. XIX, No. 301.

Page #277

North Arcot District
253
No. 323
Village
Tigakkol
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the west face of a boulder containing Jaina images.
Dynasty
King
Date
Lomba seript
Language
and Script
Tamil
Contents
Much damaged. Registers a gift of gold for a lamp.
Reference
ARE, 278/1916.
Remarks
Apparently, the gift was made for a lamp to be lighted before the image of the Tirthankara carved on the rock.

Page #278

256
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 324
Village
Tigakkol
Talak
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the west face of the boulder containing Jaina images.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājakēsarivarman (Rājarāja I)
Date
22nd regnal year (1007 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Much damaged. It seems to record an endowment, the nature of which is not clear, to a Jaina shrine called Gargasūrapperumpalli at Rājakēšaripuram by Sri Gargaraiyan. It also mentions another shrine called Maisuttapperumpalli in the same place and a pallichchandam land situated in Tiruvidaikkaļi.
Reference
ARE, 277/1916, SII, Vol. XIII, No. 297.
Remarks
The Rājakesari of this epigraph may be identified with Rājarāja I,

Page #279

North Arcot District
257
No. 325
Village
Tigakkol
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the base of the Vardhamāna temple.
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Kopperuňjingadava
Date
3rd regnal year (1246 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the grant of a paļļichchandam village, tax-free as in the previous years, to a certain Vrati-Udăraņaśvā midēva, the disciple of Talayāriávāmin, and his paņdits.
Reference
South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 124.
No. 326
Village
Tigakko1
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
33

Page #280

258
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On two pillars in the mandapa infront of the Vardhamana temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
States that the pillars were the gift of one Idaiyagan Ātkondan Māviran of Arumolidévapuram.
Reference
ARE, 280/1916.
No. 327
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Polūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On two broken stone slabs found in the Jaina temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Saka 803 (881 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script

Page #281

North Arcot District
259
Contents
Fragmentary. Seems to record a gift of gold to the Jaina temple at VaigāvürTirumalai situated in Pankalanādu. The bhataras of the temple agreed to protect the grant.
Reference
R. Poongunran, “New inscriptions from Tirumalai", Kalvetsu, 1975, No. 6, p. 32.
No. 328
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Polür
District
North Arcot
Findspot
By the side of a rock to the left of the painted cave.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Records some gift to the temple by Nikuntamāchchadaiyan (Nirgantamāśadaiyan) for the merit of his father, Vikkadi Araiýar. It is also said that Nirkuntamāchchadaiyan's daughter was Lādamahādavi and her husband was Mummudichola.

Page #282

260
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Reference
R. Poongunran, "New Tirumalai", Kalvețļu, pp. 31-32.
Inscriptions from 1975, No. 6,
No. 329
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Polūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
By the side of a rock to the left of the painted cave.
Dynasty
Rāshtrakūta
King
Kannaradēva (Krishņa III)
Date
14th regnal year (953 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. The inscription stops after mentioning the name and regnal year of the king Kannaradeva.
Reference
R. Poongunran, "New Tirumalai", Kalveļļu, pp. 30-31.
inscriptions from 1975, No. 6,

Page #283

North Arcot District
261
No. 330
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Polür
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a rock to the left of the painted cave.
Dynasty
Rāshțrakū ța
King
Kannaradeva (Krishņa III)
Date
19th regnal year (958 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
The introductory part of the record states that the king took Kachchi and Tanjai. Records gift of a lamp to be burnt before the Yaksha on the Tirumalai hill at Vaigāvür by Perfāl Nangaiyar, a maid servant of Gangamādēvi, the queen of Kannaradeva Pridigangaraiyar.
Reference
ARE, 65/1907, SII, Vol. XXIII, No. 65.
Remarks
Kannaradēva Pridigangaraiyar is the same as Hastimalla who figures in an inscription (ARE, 346/1901) from Solapuram.

Page #284

262
No. 331
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Tirumalai
Poļūr
North Arcot
On a boulder within the prakara of the Chandraprabha temple.
Chola
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadı
Madiraikonḍa Chōla Parantaka II)
6th regnal year (961-62 A.D.)
Tamil
Ko-Rajakēśari (Sundara
It refers to the Miladu chief NattaḍigalSiddhavaḍavan and his wife EkaviranDanmasankadiyār, daughter of NaḍalvarIlankōnaḍigal. This chief may be identified with Nattan Siddhavaḍavan alias Narasimhan alias Saktinatha belonging to the Sukra lineage.
L.K. Srinivasan, "Recently discovered inscriptions from Tirumalai", Paper presented to the Fourth Annual Congress of the Epigraphical Society of India, (Summaries of papers) Madras, 1978.

Page #285

North Arcot District
263
No. 332
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Polūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a boulder within the prakara of the Chandraprabha temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājarāja I
Date
(985-1014 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
It mentions one Kanakanandiaraiyar, pupil of Nattahadeva. The place Vaigaimalai referred to in the record is idential with Vaigāvūr, presently known as Tirumalai.
Reference
L.K. Srinivasan, op. cit., 1978.
No. 333
Village
Tirumalai
Talak
Poļūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a buried rock in front of the gopura at the base of the hill.

Page #286

264
Jaina Inscriptions in
Tamilnadu
Dynasty
Chola Rājakēšarivarman Rajarāja I
King
Date
21st regnal year (1006 A.D.) Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
The inscription begins with the historical introduction of Rājarāja. Records that a certain Guşaviramunivar built a sluice called after a Jaina teacher Ganićēkharamaruporchūriyan, the pure master who is said to have been skilled in the elegant arts.
Reference
ARE, 82/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 66.
No. 334
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Polūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a rock between the gopura and the painted cave.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājēndra Choladēva I
Date
i2th regnal year (1024 A.D.)

Page #287

North Arcot District
265
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
It records the gift of a lamp by Ilayamaņimangai to the god of the Tirumalai temple, who seems to have been called Ārambanandin, and alloted 60 kasu for the maintenance of this lamp and another lamp, which had been given by Siņņavai, the queen of the Pallava king.
Reference
ARE, 81/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 68.
Remarks
The Pallava king and his queen Siņņavai remain unidentified.
No. 335
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Pojūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a piece of rock at the top of the hill.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rajendra Chola I
Date
12th regnal year (1024 A.D.)
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Language and Script
34

Page #288

266
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Contents
The inscription opens with a long list of countries which the king had conquered. It records gift of money for a lamp and offerings to the Kundavai Jinalaya on the hill by Chamundappai, the wife of Nannappayan, a merchant of Malliyūr in Karaivali, a subdivision of Perumbāņappaại. The Jaina temple was situated in the palsichchandam of Vaigāvũr in Mugaināļu in Pangalanādu, a sub-division of Jayankonga Cholamandalam.
Reference
ARE, 80/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 67, Epi. Ind., Vol. IX, No. 31, pp. 229-233
Remarks
The Jaina temple on the hill at Tirumalai was evidently founded by Kundavai, the King's aunt, and therefore came to be called Kundavai Jinalaya.
No. 336
Village
Tirumalai
Talak
Polūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On nine detached stones lying in the courtyard of the Sikhamaņinātha temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājëndra I

Page #289

North Arcot District
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No.
337
Village
Taluk
District
(1035 A.D.)
Tamil
Fragments of records. One of them contains 23rd regnal year of a king whose name is not known. Since these are fragments and very much obliterated, their details can not be had.
ARE, 68/1907.
The object of the record seems to be the grant of exemption from taxes on a land belonging to the Jaina temple at Tirumalai in consideration of a lump sum payment of money. The names of several persons, probably of officers of the tax department, are also given. The designations of two of these viz., Brahmarayar Jananathanar alias Rājēndraśōļa Brahmarayar and Rajendrasola-Va(padara yar) seem to indicate that the king should be Rajendra Chōļa I. SII, Vol. XXIII, No. 68.
Tirumalai
267
Polür
North Arcot

Page #290

268
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On the rock to the left of the painted cave.
Chōla
Parakeśarivarman
A.D. 11th century characters
Tamil
Records gift of gold for the daily offerings to pallialvar (Tirthankara) and for feeding one ascetic (aḍigal) in the palli on the Tirumalai hill at Vaigāvur in Pangalanaḍu, a sub-division of Palkungakkottam, by Virchevagan Piḍāran Büttugan and Vigchamanayakan Chandayan Ayiravan belonging respectively to Irumaḍisola-Karuna ḍagaKaduttalai and Madhurantaka KarunāḍagaKaḍuttalai, two regiments of the king.
ARE, 66/1907, SII, Vol. III, No. 97.
The two personal names Buttuga and Chandaya as also the names of the two regiments to which they belonged, suggest that the donors hailed from Karnataka. It becomes clear that the Jaina temple of Tirumalai was of widely acknowledged sanctity.
A. Chakravarti, op.cit., Appendix, I, No. 79, p. 197.

Page #291

North Arcot District
269
No. 338
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Polūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the outerwall of the door-way which leads to the painted cave.
Dynasty
Adiyamān
King
Vidukādalagiya Perumāļ
Date
A.D. 11th century characters
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha.
Language
and Script
Contents
The king Vidukādalagiya Perumāļ (Vyamuktaśravaņājvala) is said to be the Adiyaman of the Chëra race and lord of Takața (Tagad ür). He was the son of Rājarāja and descendant of Yavanika, King of Kerala or Elini, king of Vaňji. The inscription records the repair of the images of a Yaksha and Yakshi, the presentation of a gong and the construction of a canal. The images of the Yaksha and Yakshi were formerly set up by Elini, the lord of the race of the kings of Vańji. The Tirumalai hill is called Arhasugiri (the excellent mountain of the Arhat) and Enguņavirai Tirumalai (in Tamil).

Page #292

270
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Reference
ARE, 90 and 91/1887, SII, Vol. I, Nos. 75 and 76.
Remarks
Inscription No. 76 (SII,Vol. 1) (ARE,91/1887) is a Sanskrit verse, which is a duplicate of that occurring in No. 75.
The record reveals that the chieftain belonged to the Adiyamān family of Tagaçûr which had some connection with the Cheras of Vanji.
No. 339
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Pojūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a rock boulder within the prakara of the Chandraprabha temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājēndra Choladava II.
Date
10th regnal year (1062 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script

Page #293

North Arcot District
271
Contents
It records an agreement by the Chitramēli. Periyanattar. an agricultural guild, to contribute the kadamai from the pisanam in terms of a specified quantity of paddy per one vēli of land to be measured by Arulmolidēvanmarakkal to the donee (details lost). The dēvadana and paļļichchandam lands in the village are to remain as per the old agreement.
Reference
L. K. Srinivasan, op. cit., Madras, 1978.
No. 340
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Polür
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the outer wall of the door-way wbich leads to the painted cave, left side,
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājarājadēva III
Date
20th regnal year (1236 A.D.)
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script

Page #294

272
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Contents
Records gift of the village, Rājagambhiranallūr, situated in the middle of Pangaļanādu, a sub-division of Palkunrakottam, by Rājagambhira Sambhuvarāyan alias Attimallan-Sambhukula Perumal to one Andängas Pangalarāyar of Viranpakkam in Tamanūrnādu.
Reference
ARE, 89/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 14.
Remarks
The donor was one of the Sambhuvarāya chieftains who served as feudatories under the Cholas. The village gifted was evidently named after the chieftain.
No. 341
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Polūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
Inside the gopura of the temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājarā jadēva III
Date
(1216-1246 A.D.)
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script

Page #295

North Arcot District
273
Contents
Fragmentary. It seems to register some gift by a certain Kannancholakon to the temple. The nature of the endowment and other details connected with it are lost.
Reference
ARE, 83/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 141.
No. 342
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Polür
District
North Arcot
Findspot
To the left of the entrance mandapa at the base of the hill.
into
the
Dynasty
Påndya
King
Māgavarman Virapāņdyadēva I
Date
10th regnal year (1344 A.D.)
Language
and Script
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Contents
Records that Ambalapperumāļ alias Jinatharaiyan, the headman of Pāpdaiyūrmangalam in Tirumunaippāļinādu in RājarājaValanāļu, built a sluice for a tank at Vaigai Tirumalai.
Reference
ARE, 84/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 69.
35

Page #296

274
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 343
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Pojūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
into the
To the right of the entrance maņdapa at the base of the hill.
Dynasty
Sambhuvarāyas
King
Rājanārāyaṇa sambhuvarāya
Date
12th regnal year (1349 A.D.)
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that Nallättāl, the daughter of Maņņai Ponnāņdai, a resident of Ponnür, set up the image of Viharanayandr - Ponneyil. nathar (Arhan) at Vaigai Tirumalai.
Reference
ARE, 85/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 70
No. 344
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Poļūr
District
North Arcot

Page #297

North Arcot District
275
Findspot
On the walls of the mandapa at the foot of the hill.
Dynasty
Vijayanagar
King
Ommaņa Udaiyār
Date
Saka 1296 (1374 A.D.)
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
In the introductory part of the record, the king is said to be the son of KampaņaUdaiyar (II) and grandson of Virakampaņa. The inscription is a receipt for the cost of some land, which a certain VishņukambuļiNāyaka bought from the villagers of Sambukulapperumal-agaram or RajagambhiraChaturvēdimangalam in Murumangalaparru in Mandikulanāļu in Palkungakoțțam in Jayankoņdasõlamandalam.
Reference
ARE, 87/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 72.
Remarks
The last four lines, which consist of signatures, have not been transcribed, as they are somewhat obliterated. The following are the readable names of villages, which occur at the beginning of the different signatures : Kumāņdür. Murugappādi, Periyakāţtēri and Vangipuram. SII, Vol. I, No. 72, pp. 102-104.

Page #298

276
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 345
Village
Tirumalai
Tajuk
Polūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a boulder in the tank at Tirumalai.
Dynasty
Vijayanagar
King
Virapratāpa Devarāya II
Date
(1445 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
The record seems to register some gift to provide for the removal of silt in certain tanks.
Reference
ARE, 69/1907.
Remarks
The cyclic year Krõdhana in this record corresponds to saka 1367 (1445 A.D). It records a decision by Tipparaisa Nayakkar, the agent of the king, the tänatrar and the Mahēšvaras and also the residents of Padaividu, setting apart the money received as income from the fishing lease in the tank [ērippasi (?)] from four specified tanks in the tirundmattukani of Tirumalai, for removing the silt and deepening those tanks every year, and the amount of Vasalkul ippanam (?) from the palsichchandam to deepen another tank. SII., Vol. XXIII, No. 69.

Page #299

North Arcot District
277
No. 346
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Poļūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a pillar setup infront of the Sikhāmaņinátha temple at Tirumalai.
Dynasty
Vijayanagar
King
Mallikārjuna
Date
Saka 1373 (1452 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
The record is very much damaged. The king is said to have witnessed the elephant hunt. It records a gift of 19 pon and 3 paņam by a dandandyaka (name not clear) of the king, for the expenses of worship and offerings to the deity Vallabha Perumal (?) in the (Jaina) temple at Tirumalai in Maņņaikkula-nāļu, a sub-division of Murugamangalapparnu in Palkungakottam of Jayarkondašolamandalam, for the merit of his overlord.
Reference
ARE, 67/1907, SII, Vol. XXUI, No. 67.
Remarks
In the Annual Report on Epigraphy (67/ 1907), the king is identified with Dāvarāya II.

Page #300

278
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 347
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Poļūr
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the walls of the maņdapa at the base of the hill. To the right of the entrance.
Dynasty
King
Date
Language
and Script
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Contents
Records gift of a well for the merit of one Sigginangai by the eldest son of Idaiyāganappan, an inhabitant of Aruļmolidēvarpuram.
Reference
ARE, 86/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 71.
No. 348
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Poļūr
District
North Arcot

Page #301

North Arcot District
279
Findspot
In a small shrine below the painted cave.
Dynasty
King
Date
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that one Arishțanèmiāchārya of Kadaikotţūr, a pupil of Paravādimalla of Tirumalai, caused the image of a Yakshi to be made.
Reference
ARE, 81/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 73.
Remarks
A Jaina teacher by the name Paravādimalla, who was a contemporary of the king Krishộarāja, is mentioned in an inscription from Sravaṇabelgola. SII, Vol. I, p. 105, f.n. 1.
No. 349
Village
Tirumalai
Taluk
Polür
District
North Arcot

Page #302

280
Jaina Inscriptions in
Tamilnadu
Findspot
Inside the door way, leading to the painted cave.
Dynasty
King
Date
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that Kanya......, the son of AmbarUdaiyan Āyan, constructed a sluice to raise the water in the Kadappēri tank.
Reference
ARE, 92/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 77,
No. 350
Village
Vallimalai
Taluk
Guļiyattam
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the rock containing Jaina images.
Dynasty
Western Gaiga
King
Rājamalla II
Date
(877-907 A.D.)
Kanarese, Grantha
Language
and Script

Page #303

North Arcot District
281
Contents
Records the foundation of the Jaina shrine. in which the inscription is engraved, by the king Rājamalla, the son of Raņavikrama, grandson of Sri Purusha, and greatgrandson of Sivamāra.
Reference
ARE, 91/1889. Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, No. 15-A, pp. 140-141.
Remarks
This inscription gives the list of names of the Western Ganga kings of Talakad, whose influence was felt on the border areas of Tamilnadu in the early medieval times. The Jaina shrine founded by Rājamalla is the two group of sculptures representing Tirthankaras, Yakshas and Yakshis, carved on the face of the rock, which could have been provided with some sort of shelter so as to form a front mandapa in those days.
No. 351
Village
Vallimalai
Taluk
Guļiyāttam
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the same rock containing Jaina images.
Dynasty
Western Ganga
King
Rajamalla 11
36

Page #304

282
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 352
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
(877-907 A.D.)
Kanarese, Grantha
It is a better copy of the previous record (ARE, 91/1889), mentioning the founding of a shrine by Rajamalla, the son of Raṇavikrama, grandson of Sripurusha and greatgrandson of Sivamāra.
ARE, 6/1895.
Vallimalai
Gudiyattam
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
North Arcot
On the same rock containing Jaina images.
Bāņa
Bāṇarāya
Kanarese, Grantha
Records the setting up of the image of Devasena, the pupil of Bhavanandin and the spiritual preceptor of the king Bāṇarāya.

Page #305

North Arcot District
283
Reference
ARE, 7/1895, Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, No. 15-C, p. 141.
No. 353
Village
Vallimalai
Taluk
Guļiyāttam
District
North Arcot
Findspot
Below the second image from the left on the same rock.
Dynasty
King
Date
(12th century A.D.)
Kanarese
Language
and Script
Contents
The short inscription records that the image, below which it is engraved, was founded by the Jaina preceptor Aryanandin.
Reference
ARE, 8/1895, Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, No. 15-B, p. 141.

Page #306

284
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 354
Village
Vallimalai
Taluk
Gudiyattam
District
North Arcot
Findspot
Below another image on the same rock.
Dynasty
King
Date
(12th century A.D.)
Language
and Script
Kanarese, Grantha
Contents
Records that the image, below which the inscription is engraved, represents the Jaina preceptor Govardhana, and it was caused to be made by the preceptor Āryanandin, who was the pupil of Bālachandrabhatāra.
Reference
ARE, 9/1895, Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, No. 15-D, p. 142.
Remarks
The names of Āryanandin and Balachandradēva also find place in a Kanarese inscription of the 12th century A.D. at Kilakuyilkudi in Madurai district. (ARE, 244/1950-51). Hence, the present record may also be assigned to the 12th century A.D. The occurence of Kanarese inscriptions at Vallimalai shows the influence of the Jaina sect from Karnāțaka in medieval times.

Page #307

North Arcot District
285
No. 355
Village
Valutalankuņam
Taluk
Tiruvaqņāmalai
District
North Arcot
Findspot
Below the image of a Tirthankara carved on a rock.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 13th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the stone image of the deity Marutupraśugaidēvar in the pali (palli) at Mentāraiyūr was renovated with mortar.
Reference
Information given by Pulavar S. Kuppuswamy, Bahur, Pondicherry.
Remarks
There are a number of rock-cut beds in the caves on the hill. Some of the boulders on the slope of the hill contain relief sculptures of Tirthankaras flanked by attendants.
The image of the deity referred to in the inscription is the same as the Tirthařkara figure carved on the rock. It was renovated with a plaster coating. Mentāraiyūr was the old name of the place.

Page #308

286
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 356
Village
Vēdal
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a boulder near the natural cave known as Andar-madam.
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Nandivarman II
Date
14th regnal year (745 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Mentions Vidal and Vidar-paļļi, probably the Jaina temple at Vidāl.
Reference
ARE, 82/1908.
No. 357
Village
Vēdal
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a second boulder infront of the natural
cave.

Page #309

North Arcot District
287
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājakesarivarman (Āditya I)
Date
14th regnal year (885 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that a dispute having arisen between Kanakavirakurattiyâr, a female disciple of Guņakirti - bhațāra of Vidal alias Mādēvi - Ārandimangalam and her 500 lady pupils on the one and a group of 400 nuns on the other, the inhabitants of the locality who were the lay disciples of the school to which Kanakavirakurattiyar belonged, undertook to feed her and her lady pupils. Viņāl is stated to be in the Singapuranādu division.
Reference
ARE, 84/1908, SII, Vol. III, No. 92.
Remarks
This record brings to light the fact that a paļļi exclusively for the nuns existed at Vidal, It seems to be a unique establishment with more than 900 resident nuns. The cause for the dispute between the two groups of nuns and how it was amicably settled are not recorded in this epigraph.

Page #310

288
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 358
Village
Vedal
Taluk
Wandiwash
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the same boulder infront of the natural cave.
Dynasty
King
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
A damaged record. Mentions the name of the place as Mādēvi Ārandimangalam.
Reference
ARE, 83/1908.
No. 359
Village
Vēlappadi
Taluk
Vellore
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On a rock at the top of the Bāvāji (Bhagavati) hill near Vellore.

Page #311

North Arcot District
289
Dynasty
Rashtrakūța
King
Krishņa III
Date
26th regnal year (966 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that Nulamban Tribhuvanaviran alias Sri Pallavamurāri granted Vēlürpāļi to the temple of Pannapēsvara on the top of the hill of Sūdaduparaimalai, which was situated in the north of Pangaļanādu in Padavūrkottam. The temple was caused to be erected on the hill by one Pannappai.
(Besides the present Tamil inscription, five obliterated Telugu inscriptions are found on the top of the Bavāji hill. Four of them mention a certain Nallaguruvayya; one of these four inscriptions is dated in saka 1539).
Reference
ARE, 10/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 51, Epi. Ind., Vol. IV, pp. 81--83.
Remarks
The temple built by Pannappai on the Sūdaduparaimalai (Bhagavati hill) was called Pannapēśvaram. It should have been dedicated to Pārávanātha who bears the name Pannahēšvara. The hill has a number of rock-cut beds, a pair of huge padas and a ruined brick temple containing an image of a Tirthankara.
37

Page #312

290
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 360
Village
Vēlappādi
Taluk
Vellore
District
North Arcot
Findspot
On the rock surface near the Jaina padas in the Bhagavati hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 13th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. It is a single line inscription referring to Yaksha. The other part of the epigraph is obliterated.
Reference
A. Ekambaranathan, "Jaina Vestiges in Bhagavati hill”, Nallaram, Jan-Feb., 1976, p. 5.
No. 361
Village
Viļāppakkam
Taluk
Walajapet
District
North Arcot

Page #313

North Arcot District
291
Findspot
On a slab lying infront of the Nāganāthēs. vara temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Parāntaka I
Date
38th regnal year (945 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the sinking of a well by Pațţinikurattigal, the female disciple of Arishtanēmipiļārar of Tiruppanmalai (ie., Panchapāņdavamalai), the preceptor of the local Jains. Mention is made that "the twentyfour of the village' undertook to protect the endowment. Vilāppakam is said to be a village in Peruntimirinādu, a sub-division of Padavúrkottam.
Reference
ARE, 53/1900, SII, Vol. VII, No. 56.
Remarks
The twentyfour of the village' means probably a committee consisting of twentyfour people of the village. Similar term also occurs in the Karuppan kungu (Chengalpattu district) inscription.

Page #314

PASUMPON MUTHURĀMALIŅGAM DISTRICT
1. Kunpakkugi
No. 362
Village
Kunnakkudi
Taluk
Tiruppattūr
District
Pasumpon Muthuramalingam
Findspot
On the inner side of the brow of the rock overhanging the cavern.
Dynasty
King

Page #315

Pasumpon... ... District
293
Date
3rd-4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Reads : Ātancāttan of ... piūr.
Reference
ARE, 44/1909, 1. Mahadevan, op.cit., Kunnakkudi, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 285–287.
Remarks
This short inscription is written not only upside down, but also in the reverse form. One may find that the top portion of the letters is at the bottom while their base is at the top. Further, the letters are incised reverse as found in the matrix of a seal. The name of the place referred to in the record seems to be 'Upiūr'. Possibly, Ātan Cāttan was the resident of the cavern. T.V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 286.
No. 363
Village
Kunnakkudi
Taluk
Tiruppattūr
District
Pasumpon Muthuramalingam

Page #316

294
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
In a cavern on the hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
3rd-4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
A fragment. Reads. given by ....
Reference
1. Mahadevan, op. cit., Kunnakkuļi, No. 2.
Remarks
It means that the stone bed was caused to be given by a person whose name is lost.

Page #317

No. 364
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
1. Arachchalur
2. Tingalur
3. Vijayamangalam
PERIYAR DISTRICT
Language and Script
Arachchalur
Erode
Periyar
On a rock-cut bed in a Na gamalai range.
3rd 4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
-
12
cavern in the

Page #318

296
Contents
Reference
No. 365
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Tēvan Cattan, a lapidary (dealing in precious stones), caused to be made these seven beds.
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
ARE, 280/1961-62,
I. Mahadevan, "Corpus of the TamilBrahmi inscriptions" in Seminar on Inscriptions (ed. R. Nagasamy), Arachchalur, No. 1, T.V. Mahalingam, Early South Indian Palaeography, pp. 290-298.
Arachchalür
Erode
Periyar
On another bed in the same place, to the left of the previous inscription.
3rd 4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
A symmetrical bandha of five letters in each line, made up of three aksharas ta, ti and të. Purport not known.
ARE, 281/1961-62, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Arachchalur, No. 2.
Seems to have some connection with musical notes.

Page #319

Periyar District
297
No. 366
Village
Arachchalūr
Taluk
Erode
District
Periyār
Findspot
To the right of the previous record.
Dynasty
King
Date
3rd - 4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
A symmetrical bandha of five letters in each line, made up of three aksharas ki, ta and ti.
Perhaps a play on the word kitti (Sanskritkirti), a personal name.
Reference
ARE, 282/1961-62, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Ajachchalūr, No. 3.
No. 367
Village
Tingalūr
Taluk
Erode
District
Periyār
38

Page #320

298
Jaina Inscriptions in
Tamilnadu
Findspot
On the door post of the kitchen in the Pushpanātha Jaina temple.
Dynasty
Kongu-Chola
King
Vikramacholadava
Date
40th regnal year, Saka 967 (1045 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records building of the mukhamandapa of the temple, which is called Sandiravasadi. The king has the epithet Konattan.
Reference
ARE, 614/1905, Epi., Ind, Vol. 30, pp. 243-249.
Remarks
T. N. Subramaniam thinks that the inscription had not been correctly read by the Government Epigraphist. He states that the Pushpanātha temple was called Chandravasadi and the newly built mukhamandapa was known as Singal antakan Pudu-mukhamandapa. It is also said that the maņdapa was erected by Nánakaạita Māņikka Chetti, the grandson of Agattulandē van. South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 256.
Singalāntakan was one of the titles of the Chola king Räjarāja I, and probably it was bestowed on Vikramachola, the Kongu ruler, by bim. It might also be that VikramaChola was engaged in the Ceylon expedition of Rājarāja I. Epi. Ind., Vol. 30, p. 249.

Page #321

Periyar District
299
No. 368
Village
Tingalūr
Taluk
Erode
District
Periyar
Findspot
In the sannidhi of the shrine of the Pushpanātha temple.
Dynasty
Hoysala
King
Vira Vallāļadeva (Ballāļa III)
Date
( 1291-1342 A.D. ]
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
The record contains details such as the ycar Pļavanga, month Tai etc., but the regnal year is not given. It registers gift of the village Agigaộinallür to meet the expenses of the worship, tbrice every day, to the deity Nāyanār Pūmēndira (Pushpanātha).
Reference
South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 258.

Page #322

300
No. 369
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 370
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Tingalür
Erode
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Periyar
In the same place.
Tamil
This short inscription, the text of which is very corrupt, seems to record that it was the gift of some person whose name is not easy to read.
South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 257.
Vijayamangalam
Erode
Periyar
On the east face of a pillar in the manḍapa of the Chandranatha temple.

Page #323

Periyar District
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 371
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
(Ganga)
A.D. 10th century characters
Tamil, Tamil and Grantha
Records that this stone commemorates the nisidika (death by starvation) of Pullappai, the younger sister of Chamuṇḍarāja.
ARE, 597/1905, Epi. Ind., Vol. VII, p. 108 ff.
301
Chamuṇḍarāja may be the same as the minister of the Ganga king Rajamalla IV, who is said to have set up the stupendous monolithic image of Gommatesvara at Sravanabelgola.
Epi. Ind., Vol. VII, p. 108.
Vijayamangalam
Erode
Periyār
On the north and west faces of a pillar in the mandapa of the Chandranatha temple.
Kongu-Chōla

Page #324

302
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
King
Rājakësarivarman alias Kulottungacholadēva
Date
Saka 1085 (1163 A.D.)
14th regnal year. Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records gift of some land, made tax-free, for offerings to the deity Alvar in the Virasanghatapperumpalli at Vijayamangalam.
Reference
ARE, 598/1905.
No. 372
Village
Vijayamangalam
Taluk
Erode
District
Findspot
Periyar On the door-post of the eastern entrance into the same mandapa, left side.
Dynasty
King
Date
46th regnal year, Saka 1189 (1267 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
The inscription is mutilated and the name of the king is lost. Registers the gift of the door-post by Tiruvanaikkāvudaiyan Sokkan, the leader of the Vellalan regiment, stationed at Vijayamangalam in Kuguppunāļu.

Page #325

Periyar District
303
Reference
ARE, 600/1905, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 276.
No. 373
Village
Vijayamangalam
Taluk
Erode
District
Periyar
Findspot
On a stone built into the west wall (inner side) of a well known as Bhima-tirtha near the Jaina temple.
Dynasty
Pandya
King
Virapāndya
Date
27th regnal year (1280 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Seems to record some endowment by a Vellala (name lost) of Vadakarainåțțukuļi.
Another fragmentary inscription on the east wall of the same well mentions the temple of Virasanghatapperumpalli at Vijayamangalam.
Reference
S. Shanmugam, “Vijayamangalam", Mukkudai, February, 1975, p. 14.

Page #326

304
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Remarks
These stones containing the inscriptions, originally found in the Jaina temple, have been used for the construction of the well in recent times.
No. 374
Village
Vijayamangalam
Taluk
Erode
District
Periyar
Findspot
On the east wall of the central shrine in the same Jaina temple.
Dynasty
Vijayanagar
King
Vira Harihararāya Uļaiyar (Harihara III)
Date
Saka 1334 (1412 A.D.)
Language
and Script
Tamil
Contents
Seems to register gift of land and tank in the village Sengalappalli in Kuruppunādu to meet the expenses of worship etc., of probably the god in the Jaina temple.
Reference
ARE, 596/1905, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 272.

Page #327

Periyar District
No. 375
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
39
Vijayamangalam
Erode
305
Periyar
On the door-post of the eastern entrance into the maṇḍapa infront of the shrine, right side.
main
Tamil
Records setting up of certain images and the gift of gold, anaiachchu śriyakkipalansalagai, for providing the expenses of offerings, probably on the days of Vishuayana Sankranti and the asterism of Karttigai.
ARE, 599/1905, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 275.

Page #328

306
No. 376
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Vijayamangalam
Erode
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Periyār
In the Chandranatha Jaina temple.
Tamil
A damaged record dated in Vibhava, Chittirai, Suklapañchami and Rohini. The exact year is not given. Seems to register a gift of land in Sengappalli of Kuruppunãḍu to meet the expenses of worship of the deities in the Chandranathaśvāmi temple at Vijayamangalam in Kuguppu
nā ḍu
South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt I, No. 273.

Page #329

Periyar District
307
No. 377
Village
Vijayamangalam
Talak
Erode
District
Periyar
Findspot
On a stone built into the floor of the Vadyamandapa in the Jaina temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Language
and Script
Sanskrit, Dāvanā gari
Contents
A single lined inscription. States that this (mandapa or temple) stands glorified by the Brihatkatha
Reference
S, Shanmugam, "Vijayamangalam", Mukkudai, February, 1975, p. 7.
Remarks
The tradition centering around the temple is that the Sanskrit work Brihatkatha was rendered into Tamil (Perunkathai) by the poet Konguyēl at Vijayamangalam, and the present epigraph seems to confirm it.

Page #330

13
PUDUKKOTTAI DISTRICT
1. Ammāchatram
2. Bommaimalai
3. Malayakkoil
A
4. Nārttāmalai
5. Sadaiyāpāgai
6. Samaņartidal
7. Sembaţtūr
8. Settipatti
9. Sittannavā sal
10. Tênimalai

Page #331

Pudukkottai District
309
No. 378
Village
Ammāchatram
Taluk
Kulattūr
District
Pudukkottai
Findspot
On a stone lying infront of the cavern with beds in the Kudagumalai hillock,
Dynasty
King
Chola Rajakesarivarman 4th regnal year
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Highly damaged. Records provision for offerings and lamps to the temple of Tiruppaļļimalaialvar in Vadasiruväynāļu.
Reference
ARE, 209/1941-42.
Remarks
This and the next inscription may be assigned to the 10th century A.D.
No. 379
Yillage
Ammāchatram
Taluk
Kulattūr Pudukkottai
District

Page #332

310
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 380
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
On another stone lying infront of the cavern in the Kudagumalai hillock.
Chōla
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Rājakēśarivarman
5th regnal year
Tamil.
Records gift of land for conducting a festival of seven days in the temple of the god at Tiruppallimalai in Vaḍaśiguvāynāḍu.
ARE, 210/1941-42.
Ammāchatram
Kuļattūr
Pudukkottai
On a rock in the hill known as Aluruttimalai.
Pāṇḍya
Sundarapandya I
(1216-1238 A.D.)

Page #333

Pudukkottai District
311
Tamil
Laiguage
and Script
Contents
Records gift of 2 ma of land as paļļichchandam in Periyapallivayal to the god Tirumalai alvar. The land was granted by Dharmadēva - āchārya, the disciple of Kanakachandrapaņạita and the disciple (name lost) of Tiruppaļļimalai alvar. The boundaries of the land are also mentioned in the inscription.
Reference
ARE, 367/1904, PSI, No. 474, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 397.
Remarks
The hill which bears the name Āļurupțimalai was once called Tiruppallimalai and the presiding deity of the hill was known as Tiruppal!imalai - alvar. Two images of Tirthařkaras are carved on one side of the hill,
No. 381
Village
Ammâchatram
Taluk
Kulattūr
District
Pudukkottai
Findspot
At the entrance of the natural cave, east of the Aļurusțimalai.
Dynasty
Pāndya

Page #334

312
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 382
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Sundarapandya I
(1216-1238 A.D.)
Tamil
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
An incomplete and damaged record. Mentions Dharmadeva - acharya, the pupil of Kanakachandra Pandita, the Jain a
teacher.
ARE, 364/1904, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 397.
Bommaimalai
Kuļattūr
Pudukkottai
On a rock locally known as Bommaimalai near Närtta malai.
Tribhuvanachakravarti
Saka 675 (753 A.D.)
Tamil
Kōnērinmaikoṇḍān

Page #335

Pudukkottai District
313
Contents
Records gift of palsichchandam land, made tax-free, to the monks of Tiruppallimalai and Then( south)tiruppallimalai and also to the deity of Then-tiruppaļļimalai. The income from the land endowed had been allotted in 2:1 ratio to these pallis respectively. The record refers to several taxes and also mentions the signaturies at the end of the epigraph.
Reference
PSI., No. 658.
Remarks
The Jaina establishments at Bommaimalai were known as Tiruppallimalai and Thentiruppallimalai. The deity bore the name Tiruppallimalaind yagar. The boundary stones of the land granted, had been marked with stones bearing the symbol of Tripple Umbrella.
No. 383
Village
Malayakkoil
Taluk
Tirumayyam
District
Pudukkottai
Findspot
On a rock to the left of the entrance into the rock-cut temple.
Dynasty
1
King
1
Date
1
40

Page #336

314
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 384
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Tamil
Mentions the name of one Guņaśēna. The purport of the record is not clearly known. (Seems to have some connection with music).
PSI., No. 4.
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Guņaśēna is said to be a Jaina monk, according to Seeni Venkatasamy.
[ Samanamum Tamilum, p. 134 ] Seems to state that Guņaśēna enunciated the art of learning the Parivadini, a seven stringed lute.
Närttamalai
Kuļattūr
Pudukkottai
Stone built into the platform of the Paliyilisvaram cave temple.
A.D. 9th century characters
Sanskrit, Grantha

Page #337

Pudukkottai District
315
Contents
Defaced. Mentions Sri Namichandirar.
Reference
ARE, 298/1968-69.
Remarks
Seems to be the name of the Jaina monk, Nēmichandra. The stone containing the inscription should have been taken from some Jaina structure in the village.
No. 385
Village
Nārttāmalai
Taluk
Kufattur Pudukkottai
District
Findspot
On a rock to the north of the TirumalaiKadambar (Siva) temple.
Chola
Dynasty King
Kulottunga III
Date
27th regnal year (1204–1205 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
(Records gift of some land to the Kailā sanātha temple). It also states that the lands gifted to the Siva temple excluded the two må of land belonging to the Jaina temple of this village (Nārttāmalai). The presiding deity of the Jaina temple is called Arhadēva of Tirumārraimalai.
Reference
ARE, 360/1904, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 390, PSI., No. 158.

Page #338

316
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 386
Village
Sadaiyāpājai
Taluk
Alao gudi
District
Pudukkottai
Findspot
By the side of a Jaina image carved on the rock known as Sadaiyaparai near Tiruko garaṇam.
Dynasty
Pandya
King
Sundarapāņdya I
Date
2nd regnal year (1217 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Records gift of land, tax-free, to the deity of Perunarkisichchöļa-pperumpalli, situated in Tenkavināļu. In the tenth and eleventh lines of the inscription, the palli is referred to as Tenkavinațțupperumpalli, situated on the Sadaiyarmalai, belonging to the division of Tenkavinādu. The boundaries of the land granted, and the signaturies of the record also figure in the epigraph.
Reference
PSI., No. 530, A Manual of Pudukkottai State, Vol. II, pt. II, p. 979.

Page #339

Pudukkōṭṭai District
No. 387
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Samapartiḍal (Kāyāmpaṭṭi)
Kuļattūr
Pudukkottai
Sama
On a stone in the place known as partidal by the side of the Vennavikulļam (tank) at Kāyāmpaṭṭi.
Tamil
317
Mentions Aiññūṛṛuvapperumpalli at Tiruvennayil and Tiruvaytalamaḍam. Jayavirappēriļamaiyan, probably a Jaina monk, also figures in this record.
PSI., No. 1083.
Tiruvaytalamaḍam is said to be a matha attached to the Jaina temple at Tiruvenņayil.
See, Seeni Venkatasamy, Tamilum, p. 133.
Samaņamum

Page #340

318
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 388
Village
Sembaţtūr
Taluk
Ālangudi
District
Pudukkoțțai
Findspot
On the base of a Yakshi image found on the northern side of the tank called Palliyūrani.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 10th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that this image was caused to be made by Jayankopdachola Mūvēndavēlān of Kujamangalanädu.
Reference
A Manual of Pudukkôttai State, Vol. II, pt. II, p. 995.
Remarks
Jayankonda Mūvēndavēlān seems to be an official under Rājarājachola I, and hence the record may be assigned to the period of the same king. Ibid., p. 995. Kulamangalam is a village in the Ālanguļi taluk.

Page #341

Pudukkõțțai District
319
No. 389
Village
Settipaţgi (Samaņarkundu)
Taluk
Kulattūr
District
Pudukkottai
Findspot
On the base of the ruined Jaina temple at the place called Samanarkundu.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 10th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Mentions the names of Dayā pālar and Vădirājar, the disciples of Matisā garaachārya.
Reference
A Manual of Pudukkottai State, Vol. II, pt. II, pp. 1022-1023.
Remarks
The Jaina temple at this place is in ruins and only the basement remains now. Sculptures of Mahā vira, Pārsvanātha and their attendants from this temple are kept on a platform in the village. Ibid , p. 1022.

Page #342

320
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 390
Village
Sittannavāśal
Taluk
Kulattūr
District
Pudukkottai
Findspot
On the rock-cut bed in the natural cavern known as E !adippattam.
Dynasty
King
Date
2nd-1st centuries B.C.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Bed (seat) made (by the) Ciqupāvil for Kāvuti Iten Kumulār (in) Eruminātu.
Ilayar born
(of) (at)
Reference
ARE, 388-A/1914, I. Mahadevan, op. cit,, Sittannavāśal, No. 1, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 245–250.
Remarks
For the various interpretations offered by scholars to this inscription, See T. V. Mahalingam's Early South Indian Palaeography, (pp. 245-250)
Kavuti (Kāviti) seems to be a title conferred upon some important personalities or officials by the king. Eruminātu (Erumainãdu) is identical with Mahisamandala, i e., Mysore region. The villages Cifupāvil and Kumulur have not been identified.

Page #343

Pudukkottai District
No. 391
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 392
Village
Taluk
District
41
Sittannavāśal
Kuļattūr
Pudukkottai
On the sloping side of the rock to the south of the rock-cut temple.
A.D. 7th century characters
Tamil
321
Reads: Sri Pirutivi(na)chchan.
ARE, 328/1960-61.
Seems to be the name of a Jaina monk or a lay devotee.
Sittannavāśal
Kuļattür
Pudukkottai

Page #344

322
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 393
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
On the sloping side of the rock to the south of the rock-cut tem ple.
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
7th and 8th centuries A.D.
Tamil
Reads: 1. Vitivali. In characters of about the 7th century A.D.
2. Sunakkuļam. In characters of about
the 8th century A.D.
ARE, 331/1960-61.
Sittannavāśal
Kuļattür
Pudukkottai
On the stone beds of the natural cavern on the hill.
I

Page #345

Pudukkottai District
323
Date
A.D. 8th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records names of mendicants such as Tolakkunţattu - Kadavulan - Tirunilan, Tiruppūrasan, Tițțaichchārañan, Tiruchchâttan and Sri Pūrna Chandiran-Niyattakaran Pattakāļi..
Reference
ARE, 388/1914, PSI., No. 7.
Remarks
These are names of mendicants who had resolved to spend the last days of their lives in retired seclusion. ARE, 1914–15, pt. II, p. 86.
No. 394
Village
Sittannavāśal
Taluk
Kulattūr
District
Pudukkottai
Findspot
North side of the base of the verandah of the rock-cut temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 8th century characters

Page #346

324
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Reads : Sri aikala.
Reference
ARE, 324/1960–61.
Remarks
Seems to be the name of a Jaina monk, associated with the jaina establishments in the village.
No. 395
Village
Sittannavāsal
Taluk
Kulattūr
District
Pudukkottai
Findspot
On the rock to the south of the rock-cut Jaina temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 8th-9th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
This inscription is engraved in archaic characters of about the 8th-9th century A.D. The purport is not clear.

Page #347

Pudukkotai District
325
Reference
ARE, 369/1904, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 399.
Remarks
The record, in three short lines, is very much damaged and only one or two words are readable.
No. 396
· Village
Sittannavāśal
Taluk
Kulattūr
District
Pudukkottai
Findspot
On the rock to the south of the same rock-cut temple.
Dynasty
Pandya
King
Srivallabha (Srimāça
Avanipaśēkhara Sri Vallabha)
Date
(815-862 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that llangautaman, known as Madiraiāśiriyan, repaired the inner mandapa and built another mandapa infront of the temple. The temple is called Arivarkõil (Arhat temple) and the place is known as Aņpalvāyil. Some gifts of lands were also made to the priests of the temple.

Page #348

326
Reference
Remarks
No. 397
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
ARE, 368/1904 (also 215/1940-41), SII, Vol. XIV, No. 45.
The mandapa of this temple had been repaired by Ilangautaman, a teacher from Madurai, during the reign of SrimagaSrivallabha. The paintings executed on the ceiling of the mandapa are also now assigned to the time of the same Paṇḍya king.
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Sittannavāśal
Kuļattūr
Pudukkottai
On the
east face
of the northern pillar in the verandah of the same rock-cut temple.
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil
Reads Sri Tiruvaśiriyan. Below this is an inscription in Vatteluttu characters which is erased beyond recognition.

Page #349

Pudukkottai District
327
Reference
ARE, 325/1960-61.
Remarks
The inscription refers to the seated image of an acharya, on the north wall of the verandah, depicted with a single umbrella above the head. ARE, 1960–61, p. 20.
No. 398
Village
Sittannavāśal
Taluk
Kulattūr
District
Pudukkottai
Findspot
On the eastern face of the southern pillar in the same temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Reads : Sri Ulokādittan.
Reference
ARE, 326/1960–61.

Page #350

328
Remarks
No. 399
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
The inscription, according to the Govern. ment Epigraphist, refers to the seated figure of Parsvanatha with tripple umbrella depicted above the head, carved on the south wall of the verandah which is nearer to the pillar containing this label inscription.
ARE, 1960-61, p. 20.
Sittannavāśal
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Kuļattūr
Pudukkottai
On the sloping side of the rock to the south of the same temple.
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil
Fragmentary. Reads: Tirukkō
ARE, 327/1960-61.

Page #351

Pudukkottai District
No. 400
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 401
Village
Taluk
District
42
Sittannavāśal
Kuļattūr
Pudukkottai
On the rock to the south of the rock-cut Jaina shrine.
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil
329
This inscription, engraved in characters of about the 9th century A.D., seems to record the renovation of a certain structure. Other details are lost..
ARE, 370/1904, SII., Vol. XVII, No. 400.
The name of the person who renovated the structure may be read as Enparuñji-Vallal.
Sittannavāśal
Kuļattür
Pudukkottai

Page #352

330
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On the sloping side of the rock to the south of the same temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 10th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Reads : Sri Tiruvi(rā)ma(n).
Reference
ARE, 329/1960–61.
No. 402
Village
Sittannavā sal
Taluk
Kulattūr
District
Pudukkottai
Findspot
On the sloping side of the rock to the south of the same temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 10th century characters

Page #353

Pudukkottai District
331
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Reads : (Sri) Sikāyavan.
Reference
ARE, 330/1960-61.
No. 403
Village
Tênimalai
Taluk
Tirumayyam
District
Pudukkospai
Findspot
On a rock opposite to the Āņdarmatha at Tēnimalai.
Dynasty
Irukkuvē!
King
Date
A.D. 8th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
States that while the Jaina ascetic Malayadh vaja was performing penance on Tênūrmalai, a certain Irukkuvēl chieftain (name not mentioned) visited the place and gave an endowment of land as pallichchandam for the maintenance of the monk.

Page #354

332
Reference
Remarks
No. 404
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
PSI., No. 9
The Irukkuvējs were feudatories of the Chōla monarchs and they ruled over the region around Koḍumbāļūr in Pudukkoṭṭai.
Tēnimalai
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Tirumayyam
Pudukkottai
Below the image of a Tirthankara on a boulder opposite to the Anḍarmatha at Tēnimalai.
Tamil, Grantha
Records that the image (of the Tirthankara) was caused to be made by one SrivallaUdana Seruvōṭţi.
PSI., No. 10.

Page #355

No. 405
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
RAMANATHAPURAM DISTRICT
Date
1. Hanumantakuḍi
2. Ilayankuḍi
Hanumantakuḍi
Tiruvā dānai
Ramanathapuram
On some stones lying infront Malavanatha (Jaina) temple.
Vijayanagar
Saka 1455 (1533 A.D.)
14
of the

Page #356

334
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
A fragmentary record of a Vijayanagara king whose name is lost. One of them mentions Jinēndramangalam alias Kuruvadimidai ... in Muttūru kūpfam and Anjukottai in the same kūtram. Also mentions the name of the god Arha ParamēśvaraMāluvanā yakar. Two other pieces mention a Kärarchuvandiram.
Reference
ARE, 408/1907, SII, Vol XXIII, No. 408.
Remarks
The temple at Hanumantakudi is dedicated to Mallinātha Tirthankara and local people call it Malavanātha temple. The presiding deity bore the name Arha ParamaśvaraMäluvanāyakar.
No. 406
Village
Iļayān kudi
Taluk
Paramakudi
District
Rāmanāthapuram
Findspot
On four sides of a stone set up infront of the Siva temple by the side of a seated Jaina image.
Dynasty

Page #357

Ramanathapuram District
335
King
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Beginning lost and portions damaged. Seems to record an endowment of land as pal[ichchandam for conducting worship and festivals in the temple of Bhagavatināyakar. Mention is made of Narpattenayiraperumpalli and a native of Iļāô kudi.
Reference
ARE, 33/1946-47.

Page #358

SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT
1. Agalūr 2. Cholavāņdipuram 3. Chittâmũr 4. Dādāpuram 5. Idaiyālam 6. Jambai 7. Koliyanūr 8. Madavilāgam 9. Mēlkūļalūr 10. Olagapuram 11. Olakkūr 12. Paļlichchandal 13. Pagaiyanpațțu 14. Perumandūr 15. Tiņờivanam 16. Tirunātharkungu 17. Tirunagungoņdai 18. Tiruppā lappandal
9. Tiruvatigai 20. Tondūr 21. Viļūr 22. Vēlūr 23, Vilukkam

Page #359

South Arcot District
337
No.
407
Village
Agalūr
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a rock close to the Jaina temple in the Vadakkutõttam.
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Nandivarman II
Date
50th regnal year (781 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the construction of a sluice at Agalūr by Kampaiyanår and the endowment by him of one kadi per patti of the lands irrigated by the lake for its maintenance and three nali per patři by the Orar to the Bhatarar.
Reference
ARE, 258/1968-69.

Page #360

338
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 408
Village
Agalūr
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the south face of the same rock close to the Jaina temple.
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Date
A.D. 8th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the death of Kampaiyanăr after the destruction of Tondūr by the orders of SriVisaiyātittyan. In characters of about the 8th century AD.
Reference
ARE, 259/1968-69.
Remarks
It is not known who Vijayaditya was and why Toņdür was destroyed. The place of Kampaiyanār in the history of this region is also not known to us.

Page #361

South Arcot District
339
No. 409
Village
Cholavandipuram
Taluk
Tirukkoilūr
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a boulder with a Gommața panel on the hillock called Andimalai.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 10th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
States that this image (tēvaram) was made by Vali-Kongaraiyar-Puttadigaļ. Near this is a loose sculptured slab depicting goddess Padmavati, now known locally as Kāļiyammad.
Reference
ARE, 251/1936-37, Epi. Ind., Vol. XXIX, pp. 199 ff.
Remarks
Cholapāņdipuram was a place of importance to the Jains in the 10th & 11th centuries A.D. as evidenced by a number of sculptures representing Mahā vira, Pārsvanātha, Gommața and Padmavati carved on a group of boulders on the hillock known as Andimalai. Besides, there are five or six stone beds, locally called 'Panchapandavar Padukkai', meant for the monks to reside. ARE, 1936–37, pt. II, p. 46.

Page #362

340
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 410
Village
Chosavāņdipuram
Taluk
Tirukkoilur
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a boulder in the village.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Gandarāditya Mummușichola
Date
2nd regnal year (952 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Tamil verse. Praises the exploits of a certain Chēdi chief called Siddhavadavan who is styled as "the lord of Koval' and 'MalayaKulõdbhavan', and records gift of Panaippādi by him for worship of deities carved on the rock. Mentions Guņavirabhațāra of Kufandi.
Reference
ARE, 252/1936–37.
Remarks
The Chedi chieftains, like the Malayamāns, were also vassals of the Cholas. The present record mentions one of the Chedi chieftains, Siddhavadavan, and records the gift of a village Panaippāļi by him for worship of the Jaina deities.

Page #363

South Arcot District
340
No.
411
Village
Chittā mūr
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a slab built into the floor close to the well in the Pārsvanātha temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājakēšarivarman (Aditya I)
Date
17th regnal year (888 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that one Matiyan Ağintigai of Puttāmbūr endowed a gift for burning a perpetual lamp in the Kațsampaļļi (Malainătha temple) and the gift was entrusted with Ārambanandi, Pädamūlattār and the ūrar.
Reference
ARE, 201/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 828
Remarks
The Rājakēsari of this record is identified with Aditya I. A detailed study of the epigraphs from Chittā mūr has been made by A. Ekambaranathan in his book, The History of Chittomūr' pp. 54 ff.

Page #364

342
No. 412
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Chittamūr
Gingee
South Arcot
At the base of the boulder containing Jaina images in the Malainatha temple.
Chōla
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Queen Kāḍavarkōnpāvai
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil
Mentions Kāḍavarkonpavai, the queen of a Chōla king. She is said to have revived some endowments made to the temple, which fell into disuse.
ARE, 203/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 830.
Kāḍavarkōnpāvai is identified with the queen of Aditya I and therefore, the record is assigned to the 9th century A.D.

Page #365

South Arcot District
343
No. 413
Village
Chittāmur
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the base of the central shrine of the Pārsvanātha temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājakesari Vikramachola.
Date
18th regnal year (1136 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
It registers a gift of 3 ma of wet land in some villages to the temple.
Reference
South Indian Temple No. 26.
Inscriptions, Vol. I,
Remarks
The inscriptron is now lost. It is interesting to observe that the lands gifted to the temple are said to have been found in more than fifty villages in and around Gingee and Tindivanam taluks.

Page #366

344
No. 414
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Chittamūr
Gingee
South Arcot
On the base of the maṇḍapa infront of the central shrine of the Parsvanatha temple.
Chōla
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Kulottunga Chōļadēva (II)
12th regnal year (1148 A.D.)
Tamil
Registers gift of the village Sigāmūr as dirgamanya to the deity Parśvanathadēva in the temple of Pallialvar, by a certain devaraḍiyar.
South Indian Temple Inscriptions, No. 28.
This record is also lost.
Vol. I,

Page #367

South Arcot District
345
No. 415
Village
Chittà mūr
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a slab built into the floor of the mandapa infront of the Malainātha temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājādhirāja (II)
Date
10th regnal year (1173 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records a gift of 4 ma of land by a Sambhuvarāya of the Sengě ni family, who is said to have conquered the Pandya country.
Reference
ARE, 202/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 829.
Remarks
The Sambhuvarāya chieftain of this record is the same as Sengēņi Ammaiappan who, on behalf of the Cholas, fought against the Pāņdyas, and thereby got the title, 'Pandyanadu Kondan'.
44

Page #368

346
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 416
Village
Chittâmũr
Taluk
Gingee South Arcot
District
Findspot
On the base of the mukhaman dapa in front of the central shrine of the Pārsvanātha, temple.
Dynasty
Vijayanagar.
King
Mahamandalesvara Vişņudēva Mahārāya Saka 1140 (1218 A.D.) (?)
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Registers a gift of 91 kuli of land below the tank for providing offerings etc., and for the expenses of the festival to the god Simhapurināthadeva and 30 kuli of land for the worship etc., to the god Pārsvanātha of the Malaiyanār temple at Chittämūr, a pallichchandam in Singamporudavalanādu.
Reference
South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, No. 27.
Remarks
The inscription apparently belongs to the reign of the Vijayanagara king Krishṇadevarăya, as we do not know any king as Mahāmandalēśvara Vişnudēva Mahārāya. In that case, the Saka year would be 1441, corresponding to 1519 A.D. See, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, p. 40.

Page #369

South Arcot District
No. 417
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Chittamur
Gingee
South Arcot
347
On a slab called Sanyasikal set up in the village.
Nayak
Vaiyappa Krishnappa Nayaka
Saka 1503 (1581 A.D.)
Tamil
Registers the grant of the village Siggamür in Udaikkaḍunaḍu, a subdivision of Tiruvadi-rajyam in Valudilampaṭṭu-sävaḍi of Tirumunaippadi-naḍu, for the sacred bath and offerings to the god Chidambaresvara by Bommaiyapillai as the gift of VaiyappaKrishnappa Nāyaka.
ARE, 68/1935-36.
It is interesting to note that the Jaina village Chittämür had been granted to the Naṭarāja temple at Chidambaram, when VaiyappaKrishnappa Nayaka was ruling over the Gingee region as the agent of the Vijayanagar kings. In all probablity, the gift of the village here refers to the lands other than those of the Jaina temple.
See, A. Ekambaranathan, The History of Chittamur, pp. 67-68.

Page #370

348
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 418
Village
Chittāmūr
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the base of the manasthambha in the Pārsvanātha temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Saka 1500 (1578 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
States that the manasthambha was the gift of Bussetti, son of Bāyisetti, a Vaisya of Jagatā pigutti.
Reference
ARE, 517/1937–38.
Remarks
Jagatā pigutti seems to be a village in Anantapūr district, Andhra Pradesh. One of the inscriptions from Kummetta refers to Jagatā pigutti Simai. (ARE, 15/1947–48)

Page #371

South Arcot District
349
No. 419
Village
Chittā mūr
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On another face of the same manasthambha.
Dynasty
King
Date
(1578 A.D.)
Sanskrit, Kannada
Language
and Script
Contents
States that Busrēshți of the mahanagakula erected this manasthambha.
Reference
ARE, 518/1937-38
Remarks
This and the previous record speak of the erection of the manasthambha by one Bussetti.
No. 420
Village
Chittâmũr
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot

Page #372

350
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On a stone in the tank bund.
Dynasty
Vijayanagar
King
Sri Rangadēva Mahārāya
Date
Saka 1504 (1582 A.D.)
Tamil, Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Gift of all wet lands and dry lands watered by the northern tank as padijivitam for the five musicians (like (the udal, ndgasvaram, nattuvan etc.) of the Simhapurinātha temple by Timmappanāyaka, agent of Atchutappa Nāyakkar Aiyyan, in the reign of Sri Rangadēvamahārāya, the Vijayanagara king.
Reference
South Indian No. 29.
Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I,
Remarks
Atchutappa Nāyakkar is identified with the Tanjore Nāyak ruler of the same name. His son Raghunatha Nāyakkar also finds place in two inscriptions from Chittā mūr. Ibid., Vol. I, No. 29.
No. 421
Village
Chittāmūr
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot

Page #373

South Arcot District
351
Findspot
On the gopura of the Pārsvanātha temple.
Dynasty
Vijayanagar
King
Vērkatapatidėva Mahārāya
Date
Saka 1508 (1586 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
It registers the grant of manya lands attached to the Simhapurinātha temple and in the enjoyment of 12 dēvaradiyars, as sarvamanya removing the water-cess, as ordered by Raghunātha Nāyakkar Aiyan.
Reference
South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, No. 30.
Remarks
The practice of employing dēvaradiyars (maid servants dedicated to temple service) was not very common in Jaina establishments.
No. 422
Village
Chittāmūr
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot

Page #374

352
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On the floor near the Kalasa-sthapana mandapa, near the gõpura of the Pārsvanātha temple
Dynasty
Vijayanagar
King
Mahāmandalesvara VenkatapatidevaMahārāya
Date
Saka 1525 (1603 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Registers the removal of water-cess on the mänya lands of the god Nemināthaśvāmi of the Simhapurinātha temple, left in the enjoyment of the pandita. pūjuka, dēvaradiyar and the melakkarar (drummer), thus making them Sarvamánya for the merit of Raghunātha Nāyakkar Aiyan and Dikshitar Aiyan. (These two names would mean only the Tanjore Nāyak ruler Raghunātha and his famous minister Govinda-Dikshita).
Reference
South Indian No. 31.
Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I,
No. 423
Village
Chittāmür
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot

Page #375

South Arcot District
353
Findspot
Inner wall of the gopura of the Pārávanátha temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Saka 1787 (1865 A.D.)
Sanskrit, Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
States that Abhinava Ādisēna Bhattāraka erected the gopura with jaina images, by public subscription.
Reference
ARE, 520/1937-38.
No. 424
Village
Chittā mūr
Talok
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
Inner wall of the gopura of the Pārsvanatha temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 19th century characters
45

Page #376

354
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Language
and Script
Sanskrit, Grantha
Contents
Verses extolling the merit accruing from service rendered to the Jinalaya.
Reference
ARE, 519/1937-38.
Remarks
The date of this record may be the same saka 1787 (1865 A.D.) in which year the göpura was built.
No. 425
Village
Chittāmür
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the basement of the small shrines, behind the Nēminātha shrine, in the Pārsvanātha temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Saka 1825, Kali. 5004 (1903 A.D.)
Language
and Script
Tamil, Grantha

Page #377

South Arcot District
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 426
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Records that the five shrines of Brahmadēva, Gaṇadhara, Saraswati, Padmavati and Jvālamalini were constructed with the permission of the Pontiff of the Chittämür matha, by Guṇamālai ammal, the wife of SriBalaiya of Tiruppagambūr, the then deputy Collector. The lady also granted one kāņi of land for offerings to these five images of deities.
A. Ekambaranathan, The History of Chittamur, pp. 68-69.
Sri Balaiya is also said to have evinced keen interest in the development of this temple and at his instigation, the two huge sculptures of elephant, besides a large number of stone slabs, were brought from the ruined Vişņu temple in Gingee fort, and used for the construction of the Kalasasthapanamandapa at Chittämür.
Chittämür
355
Gingee
South Arcot
On the third pillar of the alankaramaṇḍapa in the same temple.
1

Page #378

356
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Date
Saka 1873, A.D. 1951
Language
and Script
Tamil, Grantha
Contents
Records that on 22nd, Monday, in the month of Tai, Saka 1873, this mandapa of the Pārsvanātha temple was renovated by the Pontiff Sri Lakshmi Sēna Bhatáraka-Bhattāchāryavaryaśvāmi of the Jinakañchi-matha. The mathas at Kolhapūr, Delhi and Penukonda are also referred to in this epigraph. At the end, the english year, 1951, is also engraved.
Reference
A. Ekambaranathan, The History of Chittämūr, pp. 70-71.
Remarks
The four important Jaina mațhas in modern times are at Jinakāńchi (Chittāmūr), Delhi, Kolhāpūr and Penukonda.
No. 427
Village
Dadāpuram
Taluk
Tindivanam
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the walls of the central shrine in the Māņikyēśvara (Siva) temple.
Dynasty
Chola

Page #379

South Arcot District
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 428
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Rājarāja I
21st regnal year (1006 A.D.)
Tamil
Refers to the construction of three temples viz., Kundavai Jinälaya, Kundavai Viņņagar and Iravikulamāņikka Iśvaram at Rājarājapuram by the princess Pirantakan-Kundavaipirāṭṭiyār, and to the presentation of vessels and ornaments of various descriptions made of gold, silver and pearl.
ARE, 17/1919.
The same matter is also known from another record (ARE, 8/1919) found in the Vispu temple at Dādāpuram.
Iḍaiyālam
Tindivanam
357
South Arcot
On a rock called Siddharparai near a tank in the village.

Page #380

358
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Date
In modern characters
· Sanskrit, Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Two pairs of foot-marks, a book-stand, two kamaņdalas and two fly-whisks are engraved on the rock, and in a circular line round them is engraved in modern characters an anushțub verse, paying obeisance to Mallisēna — munisvara otherwise called Vāmanāchārya.
Reference
ARE, 311/1938-39.
No. 429
Village
Idaiyālam
Taluk
Tiņdivanam
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a rock called Siddharpdrai near a tank in the village.
Dynasty
King
Date
In modern characters
Sanskrit, Grantha
Language
and Script

Page #381

South Arcot District
Contents
Reference
No. 430
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Round a pair of foot-marks and a bookstand is engraved the name VimalaJinadeva.
ARE, 312/1938-39.
Iḍaiyālam
Tindivanam
South Arcot
359
On the bali-pitha in the Jaina temple.
In modern characters
Tamil
of
Contains the name of Jinadevar Iḍaiyāļam. Near this, on a pillar, is engraved the name of Appaṇḍārnayinār who probably presented the pillar.
ARE, 314/1938-39.

Page #382

360
No. 431
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jambai
Tirakkoilur
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
South Arcot
On a rock inside the cavern.
Atiyamān
Neḍuman Anji
1st century A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
The inscription reads:
Satiyaputo Atiyan Neḍumanañji itta pali. It means that the abode was caused to be given by Atiyan Neḍuman añji, the Satyaputra.
R. Nagasamy,' Asoka and the Tamil countrya new link", Express Magazine, 6-12-1981. It is a unique record referring to the Satyaputras, identified with the Atiyamāns of Kongu country. The earliest reference to Satyaputras is found in the Asokan edicts at Brahmagiri. Their identification had been a matter of controversy for a long time, and now it is proved that they are identical with the Atiyaman chieftains. Atiyaman Neḍumān Anji is celebrated in the Sangam classics by poets like Paraṇar and Avvaiyār. The Sangam works describe Añji as a great Saivite, but the fact that he caused to be made an abode to the Jaina acetic, shows his religious tolerence. (Ibid.)

Page #383

South Arcot District
361
No. 432
Village
Koliyanür
Taluk
Viluppuram
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the east wall of the shrine of the ruined Jaina temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the building of a portion of the temple by a merchant TirumagumārbanVaņiga Purantaran of the village Idaiyāgu. The temple is called Nayinardēvar Perumanár Sriköil.
Reference
ARĘ, 110/1897, SII, Vol. VI, No. 64.
No. 433
Village
Koliyanür
Taluk
Viluppuram
District
South Arcot
46

Page #384

362
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On the south base of the mandapa infront of the shrine in the Jaina temple.
Vijayanagar
A.D. 15th century characters
Tamil
The name of the king is very doubtful. It records gift of lands by Nallatambimudaliyar-Periyatambiyar of Koliyapuranallur for the regular worship in the temple of Nayinar-Arumoļināyakar. The village granted lay to the west of Vijayarajapuram, probably a village nearby.
ARE, 111/1897, SII, Vol. VI, No. 65.
The name of the ruler is read as Mahāmaṇḍalēśvara Aruva Asura NārāyaṇaThiyaga-Masamudra Immadi Torāta Vasavaiya Deva-Mahārāja. He may be identified with Immaḍi-Narasimha deva mahārāya who is said to have ruled from c. 1493 to 1506 A.D.
The old name of the village Koliyanür was Koliyapuranallur.

Page #385

South Arcot District
363
No. 434
Village
Maqavilāgam (Rețțaņai)
Taluk
Tingivanam
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a slab set up in the village.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Vikramachola
Date
10th regnal year (1128 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Seems to record a tax-free gift of land to a Jaina temple and for the maintenance of a feeding house, a flower garden etc.
Reference
ARE, 392/1924-25.
No, 435
Village
Melkūçalūr
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot

Page #386

Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
By the side of the rock-cut beds in a cave on the hill.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Parakēsarivarman (Parāntaka I)
Date
4th regnal year (911 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records a gift of 500 sheep for lamps to the deity, Avanitilatattu-dēvar, at Santamangalam in Panaiyūrnādu, by Alivaikuntan alias Sembiyankāvitiyaraiyan of Kaļattur in Malanādu.
Reference
Information given by Pulavar S. Kuppuswamy, Bahur, Pondicherry State.
Remarks
This and the following inscriptions from Mēlkūļalûr have been discovered by the members of the Historical Society of Pondicherry.
There are about thirtyfive rock-but beds in some of the caves found on the hill in the village. Besides, an image of Pārsvanātha is carved on a boulder adjacent to the rockcut beds. It is said that the deity “Avanitilatattu-dérar' refers to the same image of Pārsvanātha carved on the boulder.

Page #387

South Arcot District
365
No. 436
Village
Malkūdalür
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
By the side of the rock-cut beds in a cave on the hill.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Parāntaka I
Date
28th regnal year (935 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that a certain Pūsalan Pakaiyadakki of Vilvalam made a gift of 700 sheep for lamps to the deity Pidariyar at sēndamangalam in Panaiyūrnāļu. The king bears the title “Matirai Konda Köparakė sari.”
Reference
Information given by Pulavar S. Küppuswamy, Bahur, Pondicherry State.
Remarks
According to S. Kuppuswamy, the term 'bhațäriyar'is mistakenly engraved as Pipariyar in this record.

Page #388

366
No. 437
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Mēlkūḍalür
Gingee
South Arcot
By the side of the rock-cut beds in a cave on the hill.
Chōla
Parantaka I
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
28th regnal year (935 A.D.)
Tamil
Records that Arumoli alias ViranārāyaṇaPallavaraiyan made a gift of 600 sheep for lamps to the deity, Tirumaṇikkōildē var, at Sendamangalam in Panaiyurnāḍu.
Information given by Pulavar S. Kuppuswamy, Bahur, Pondicherry State.
Tirumanikōildevar, in the present context, is taken to mean Parsvanatha.

Page #389

South Arcot District
No.
438
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 439
Village
Taluk
District
Mēlkūḍalür
Gingee
South Arcot
By the side of the rock-cut beds in a cave
on the hill.
Chōla
Parantaka I
33rd regnal year (940 A.D.)
Tamil
367
Slightly damaged.
Records that a certain Kilinallurkilavan alias Svatĕvan alias Kiļān... Kōn made a gift of 500 sheep to the deity (name lost) at Sendamangalam in Panaiyurnāḍu.
Information given by Pulavar S. Kuppuswamy, Bahur, Pondicherry State.
Mělkūḍalür
Gingee
South Arcot

Page #390

368
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 440
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
By the side of the rock-cut beds in a cave on the hill.
Pallava
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Nripatungavarman
2nd regnal year (967 A.D.)
Tamil
Records that Ōṇañkarikuḍaiyar, an officer of Nripatungavarman, made a gift of 750 sheep to light lamps infront of the deity, Sri Mulasthanattu-dēvar, in Sendamangalam, a village in Panaiyurnāḍu.
Information given by Pulavar S. Kuppuswamy, Bahur, Pondicherry State.
Sri Mülasthanattu-devar of this inscription also refers to the image of Pärévanàtha.
Olagapuram
Tindivanam
South Arcot
On the south wall of the central shrine in the ruined Visņu temple.

Page #391

South Arcot District
369
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājakaśarivarman alias Sri Rājamahendra
Date
3rd regnal year (1063 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
(Records sale of land to the Vişnu temple). The sale deed was drawn up by Samantaba huāchārya, a worshipper of SundaraSolapperumpalli of this town.
Reference
ARE, 141/1919.
Remarks
The existence of a Jaina paļļi (Sundaras olaperumpalli) at Olagapuram is known from this inscription. It is worthy of note that a devotee of the Jaina paļli had drawn up the sale deed for a Vişnu temple.
No. 441
Village
Olakkūr
Taluk
Tindivanam
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a slab set up in the Brāhmin street in the village.

Page #392

370
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Dynasty
(Pallava)
King
Date
A.D. 8th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the image of Pridivi Vidangakuratti (at the top of the slab) was caused to be cut by the king, whose name is not mentioned.
Reference
ARE, 356/1909, SII, Vol. XII, p. 53, f. n. 2.
Remarks
The slab contains the representation of the nun, Pridivi-Vidangakuratti, flanked by a lamp and canopied by an umbrella. She should have been held in high esteem and therefore, the king himself had caused to be made her image,
Palaeographically, the record may be assigned to the Pallava period. (ARE, 1909-1910, p. 11).
No. 442
Village
Pallichchandal
Taluk
Tirukkoilūr
District
South Arcot

Page #393

South Arcot District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 443
Village
Taluk
District
On a rock under a mango tree on the eastern side of a stream known as Panakkaṭṭuōḍai.
Chōla
Parakesarivarman (Parantaka I)
21st regnal year (928 A.D.)
Tamil
Registers a gift of land after reclamation as éri-pațți by Sakkanvayiri, for improving the tank belonging to the Natṭar Perumpalli of Valaiyur in Vāṇagōppāḍi.
ARE, 446/1937-38.
The Naṭṭar Perumpalli of Vaļaiyur seems to have been founded by the people or assembly of the local nadu, hence its name as Naṭṭar Perumpalli. But it is not known which Jaina temple in the locality bore this
name.
ARE, 1937-38, pt. 2, para 28, p. 88.
Pallichchandal
371
Tirakkoilur
South Arcot

Page #394

372
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On a rock called Kõdampaņai near the Ondi- Aiyanar shrine.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājarājadēva lui
Date
6th regnal year (1222 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Registers the order (taravu) issued by Něminātha, in-charge of Gandaraditta-perumpaļļi, declaring a portion of Jambai alias Virarājēndrapuram as an assylum for the oppressed, with the name of "solatungan Aļavantan Anjinan Pugalidam".
Reference
ARE, 448/1937-38.
Remarks
The Jaina establishment referred to in the record seems to have been named after the Chola king Gapdarāditya. Jambai alias Virarājēndrapuram is another Jaina centre in Tirukkoilur taluk.
No. 444
Village
Passichchandal
Taluk
Tirukkoilur
District
South Arcot

Page #395

South Arcot District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Refere.ce
Remarks
373
On a slab set up on the ruined mound of a jaina temple called 'Jainiammankōil'.
Vijayanagar
Atchyutadeva Mahārāya
Saka 1452 (wrong for 1454) (1532 A.D.).
Tamil
States that the order remitting the jodi and sulavari taxes, issued by the king at the instance of Vaiyappa Nayaka, for offerings and worship to (the Jaina image) NayanarVijaya Nayakar at Sapbai (Jambai), was engraved later in the time of Velur-BommuNāyaka.
ARE, 449/1937-38.
The Jaina temple is in ruins and amidst its debris is lying a mutilated stone image of Bahubali. Nayanar Vijaya Nayakar refers to the image of the Jaina deity. VēlūrBommu Nayaka was wielding authority in this region as the subordinate of VaiyappaNayaka of Gingee.
A copy of this inscription is also engraved at Jambai (ARE, 127/1906), but issued in favour of the Siva temple at that village.
ARE, 1937-38, pt. II, p. 105.

Page #396

374
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No.
445
Village
Paraiyanpattu
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a rock by the side of a natural spring near the village.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 5th-6th century characters
Language
and Script
Tamil, Vaţteluttu
Contents
Records the death of one Ārārathan, the disciple of Vachchaņandi (Vajranandi), by observing fast. Ārāratban is said to be a native of Bāpanādu. (Bāņanādu may be the same as Bā parāshtra).
Reference
Reference
K. Krishnamurti, "A New Jaina inscription from Gingee region", Mukkudai, July, 1985, pp. 5-9.

Page #397

South Arcot District
No. 446
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No.
447
Village
Taluk
District
Perumaṇḍūr
Tindivanam
South Arcot
On the west wall of the Rishabhanatha shrine.
Pallava
Nandivarman III
19th regnal year (866 A.D.)
Tamil
375
Incomplete. Records gift of two hundred (measure) of paddy to the Perumpalli.
ARE, 220/1902. SII, Vol. VII, No. 847.
Perumaṇḍür
Tindivanam
South Arcot

Page #398

376
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On a pillar in the mandapa infront of the Chandranātha shrine.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Kulottunga II!.
Date
14th regnal year (1192 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that Räjarāja Sambhuvarāya alias Kandara Sūryan built a shrine for the goddess and installed therein the image of Yakshi, and granted some lands, probably in Perumāņdaipājputtūr for the expenses connected with the worship of the goddess. The Jaina temple at this place is called Ravikulasundarapperumpaļļi.
Reference
ARE, 219/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 846.
Remarks
The shrine of the Yakshi is called in the record as Munvalai Konda MangaiyarNayakiyar Srikõil' and the Yakshi is known as Mangaiyar Nayaki Varasundari'.
No. 448
Village
Perumandūr
Taluk
Tindivanam
District
South Arcot

Page #399

South Arcot District
377
Findspot
On the north wall of the Rishabhanātha shrine.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Kulottunga III
Date
15th regnal year (1193 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that Rajarāja Sambhuvarāyar alias Kaņdara Süryan, at the instance of one Mallisēna, granted 2000 kuli of land to the Yakshi, Vaļaikonda Mangai Nayaki, at Perumāndaipārputtūr. The village Perumāņdaipārputtūr is said to be in Veņkungakkottam, in Jayaňkonda Solamandalam.
Reference
ARE, 221/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 848.
Remarks
Perumändaipārputtūr was the ancient name of the village.
No. 449
Village
Tindivanam
Taluk
Tindivanam
District
South Arcot
48

Page #400

378
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 450
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On the pedestal of a Adinatha bronze image (now kept in the Madras Museum).
A.D. 11th-12th century characters
Tamil
Records that this image was caused to be made by the Kilars of Agaram.
V. Radhakrishnan, "Rare Bronzes from South Arcot District", Kalveṭṭu (Quarterly Journal of the Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu), 1978, No. 16, P. 19.
Tirunatharkungu (Singavaram)
Gingee
South Arcot
On a rock in the hill called Tirunaiharkunṛu near the village Singavaram.

Page #401

South Arcot District
379
Date
Sth-6th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that it is the place of penance of Chandranandi, the monk, who died observing fiftyseven days of fasting.
Reference
ARE, 239/1904, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 262, Travancore Archaeological Series, Vol. I, p. 231, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Tirunātharkunju, No. 1.
No. 451
Village
Tirunātharkungu (Singavaram)
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a rock in the Tirunatharkungu hill near Singavaram.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 10th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script

Page #402

380
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadı
Contents
Records the death (niśidika) of Ilayapadārai who fasted for thirty days.
Reference
ARE, 238/1904, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 261.
No. 452
Village
Tirunajungoņdai
Taluk
Ulundūrpējțai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
Above the entrance of the natural cavern on the Tirunagungoņdai hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
States that the east mandapa and the Chaturmugattirukkāyil of the Kilappaļļi (Jajna shrine) at Tirunajungoņdai were the works of Visaiyanallulān Kumaran-Dēvan of of Talakkudi in Mirainadu on the south bank of the Kāvēri river.
Reference
ARE, 306/1939-40.

Page #403

South Arcot District
Remarks
No. 453
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Tirunagungoṇḍai is one of the very important places of pilgrimage for the Jains in Tamilnadu. The natural cavern on the hill contains a number of stone beds provided with pillow lofts. A little to the north of this cavern is the Appaṇḍainatha temple with the shrines meant for Pārśvanatha and Chandraprabha. This Jaina temple had been patronised by the Cholas, Pandyas, their feudatories and the later rulers.
Tirunagungoṇḍai
Ulundurpēṭṭai
381
South Arcot
On the western side of the natural cavern on the hill.
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil
Two incomplete pieces in characters of about the 9th century A.D., one mentioning Vaṇakovaraiyar and the other (much damaged) Agulaga-peruman.
ARE, 307/1939-40.

Page #404

382
No.
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
454
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 455
Village
Taluk
District
Tirunagungondai
Ulundurpēṭṭai
South Arcot
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On a rock to the west of the natural cavern in the hill.
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil
Records a gift of ten pon to the two pallis (Jaina shrines) by a certain Singanar PeriyaVaḍuganar of Nariyappaḍi.
ARE, 308/1939-40.
Tirunagungon dai
Ulundurpettai
South Arcot

Page #405

South Arcot District
383
Findspot
On a rock to the west of the natural cavern in the hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 9th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Damaged in the middle. Seems to record a similar gift by an individual (name lost), probably the son of Periyanakkanār of Nariyappadi.
Reference
ARE, 309/1939-40.
No. 456
Village
Tirunagungondai Ulundūrpaţtai
Taluk
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a stone set up at the sluice of the tank.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 10th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script

Page #406

384
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Contents
Tamil verse. Records the construction of this sluice to the tank at Nagungondai by Agaipperumal.
Reference
ARE, 320/1939-40.
No. 457
Village
Tirunarungondai
Taluk
Ulundūrpēțțai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a rock to the south of the Appändainātha temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājarāja I 10th regnal year (995 A.D.)
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
The inscription is damaged and left unfinished. Seems to record some land for the various services in the temple by an adikarichchi (lady), who was the wife of Aiyafan. The boundaries of the land are also mentioned, besides a tank called Kundavaipērēri.
Reference
ARE, 385-B/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 1017.
Remarks
The tank, Kundavaippērēri, was named after Kundavai, the sister of Rājarāja I. Adikårichchi means the wife of an official (adikari).

Page #407

South Arcot District
385
No. 458
Village
Tirunaguigondai
Taluk
Ulundūrpaţtai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a rock to the south of the Chandranātha shrine in the Appāņdainātha temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājarāja I
Date
17th regnal year (1002 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
The inscription begins with the prasasti “Tirumagalpõla. ...' Registers the grant of 10 ma of land to meet the expenses for burning two perpetual lamps in the shrines, Periyapalli and Mēlappalli, for the prosperity of Pirantakan Arumoli alias Mummadišola Sri Rājarājadēva by Narasingan SriYamkan Irāmadēvan alias Sēnāpati Mummadióola Brahma Mārāyan of Brahmad@yam Sēralántaka Chaturvēdi-mangalam in Vennādu on the southern bank of the river Kāvēri.
Reference
ARE, 385/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 1015, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 70.
49

Page #408

386
Remarks
No. 459
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
The donor of the grant was the commanderin-chief of Rajaraja I, and the grant was made for the merit of the same king who had the surname Parantakan Arunmoli.
Tirunagungoṇḍai
Ulundurpēṭṭai
South Arcot
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On a rock to the west of the Chandranātha shrine in the Appaṇḍainatha temple.
Chōla
Rājēndra I
(1012-1044 A.D.)
Tamil
Damaged, and right and left ends built in. Begins with the historical introduction Tirumannivalara... of Rajendra I. Records gift of 96 sheep for a lamp to god Paliyilalvar by Kalimanan-Vijayalaya Mallan of Tirumaṇañjēri in Rajendrasimha Vaļanāḍu.
ARE, 300/1939-40.

Page #409

South Arcot District
No. 460
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Tirunagungonḍai
Ulundurpēṭṭai
South Arcot
On the south wall of the store room in the Appaṇḍainatha temple.
Chōļa
Rājādhirāja I
13th regnal year (1031 A.D.)
387
Tamil
It registers a gift of 6 kasu by ĀdiBhaṭṭarakan Pushpaśēna with the concurrence of Kolliyur Uḍaiyān for burning a twilight lamp infront of the Yakshi in the Měliṛpalli (the temple on the hill) at Tirunagungoṇḍai.
ARE, 383/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 1013, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 81.
The editor of South Indian Temple Inscriptions had read the name of the king as Rājarāja (I), in which case the date of the record should be 998 A.D.
(Ibid., Vol. I, No. 81).

Page #410

388
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 461
Village
Tirunagungongai Ulundūrpējțai
Taluk
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a rock at the entrance into the main shrine in the Appāņdainātha temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Kulottunga I (1070–1120 A.D.)
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary and damaged. Contains the historical introduction of Kulottunga I beginning with the words Puga!maduViļanga.... Seems to record an endowment of paddy for a lamp in the temple by Rājēndrašola Chēdirājan. Mentions Udaiyār Mallishēna, evidently a Jaina deity.
Reference
ARE, 301/1939-40.
No. 462
Village
Tirunaguigondai
Talak
Ulupdūrpēţtai
District
South Arcot

Page #411

South Arcot District
389
Findspot
On the south wall of the Nityakalyāṇadēva shrine in the same temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Kulottunga I
Date
8th regnal year (1078 A.D.)
Language
and Script
Tamil
Contents
A damaged record. Seems to register the gift of 40 cows for burning a perpetual lamp, probably infront of the god KachchiNayakadēra in the southern shrine of the temple, Narpattennayiraperumpaļļi, at Tirunagungonpai.
Reference
South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 80.
Remarks
The verse at the end of another epigraph of Kulottunga III (South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 71) from Tirunagungoņdai refers to a certain Mashapati, i.e., the head of the matha. There is at present no matha in the village. The pontiff of the Jains in Tamilnadu now lives at Chittämūr and the pitha is called Jinakañchi pitha. The mention of the god Kachchi Nayakadēva in the temple at Tirunagungoņgai suggests that the matha, now at Chittā mūr, was at that time located at Tirunafungoņdai. Ibid., Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 80, Notes.

Page #412

390
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 463
Village
Tirunagungoņņai
Taluk
Ulundūrpēļļai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the wall of the Tanakaś alai maņdapa.
Dynasty
King
(Tribhuvanachakravarti)
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
The record is too fragmentary. It begins with the epithet Tribhuvanachakravarti, but the name of the ruler and the date of the record are missing. It seems to register a gift of land which was, in all probablity, mortgaged to the temple.
Reference
South Indian Temple pt. 1, No. 79.
Inscriptions, Vol. I,
Remarks
The editor of the inscription states that some more fragmentary records are found in the same place and their details are not ascertainable.
Ibid., Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 79, Notes.

Page #413

South Arcot District
391
No. 464
Village
Tirunaqurgondai
Taluk
Ulundūrpēțțai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a stone set up at the foot of the hill.
Dynasty
Choļa
King
Konêrinmaikondan
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records gift of land by Tavattālandēvar of Irungolappādinādu for the conduct of a festival in the month of Vaikasi, and also for a special festival known as Rajakkalnayakan festival in the month of Tai, in the Appaņdainātha temple. The land was entrusted with the tänattar of the Narpatteņņayiraperumpaļļi at Tirunagungondai.
Reference
ARE, 384/1902, SII, Vol VII, No. 1014.
Remarks
The Jaina establishment at Tirunagungondai is referred to in this record as Narpattennäyiraperumpalļi.

Page #414

392
No. 465
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Tirunagungonḍai
Ulundurpettai
South Arcot
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On the base of the verandah around the Chandranatha shrine in the Appaṇḍainātha temple.
Chōla
Kōnērinmaikoṇḍān
3rd regnal year
Tamil
Records gift of 10 vēli land as pallichchandam, made tax-free, in the villages Kūḍalilaḍarpāḍi Vanavan - Mādēvipuram and Sigusättanallur to the palli at Tirunagungoṇḍai and to the Bhataras attached to the same palli.
ARE, 382/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 1012. South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 72.

Page #415

South Arcot District
No. 466
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
50
Tirunagungonḍai
Ulundurpēṭṭai
South Arcot
On a stone within the first prakara of the Appaṇḍainatha temple.
Chōla
Vikramachōļa
10th regnal year (1128 A.D.)
393
Tamil
It begins with the historical introduction "Pūmādu puṇara ... ." Registers tax - free gift of wet land reclaimed after a breach in the tank of the village for the expenses of the Vaikasi festival to the gods Arunmoliděva and Nityakalyāṇadēva by Malaiyan Mallan alias Vikrama-ChōlaMalaiyaman.
South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 73.
The donor seems to be one of the Malayaman chieftains of Tirukkoilur, who owed their allegiance to the Chōļas.

Page #416

394
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 467
Village
Tirunagungondai
Taluk
Ulundūrpēţtai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the rock to the west of the natural cavern in the hill,
Dynasty
Chola
King
Vikramachola
Date
16th regnal year (1134 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Unfinished. Seems to record a gift of land under Kundavai-ēri (tank) after reclamation, by Malaiyanmallan alias VikramacholaMalaiyan as Sivigaippuram (palanquin maintenance) of the images of Arumolidévar and Nityakalyāņadevar on the festival occasions in Vaigdsi at Tirunafungondai in Kunratturnādu of Tirumunaippāļi, a sub-division of Rājarāja Valanādu.
Reference
ARE, 310/1939–40.

Page #417

South Arcot District
No. 468
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No.
469
Village
Taluk
District
Tirunagungonḍai
Ulundurpettai
South Arcot
On a rock to the south of the Jaina temple.
Tamil
395
Records that a certain Sridharan granted 15 kalañju of gold to the Kilaippalli at Tirunagungonḍai.
ARE, 385-A/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 1016.
Tirunarungon dai
Ulundurpettai
South Arcot

Page #418

396
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On a rock near the basement of the defunct shrine outside the prakara of the Appändainātha temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
States that this is the measuring span. This is engraved between two marks, the length between which is 16 spans.
Reference
ARE, 318/1939-40.
No. 470
Village
Tirunaguigondai
Taluk
Ulundūrpětšai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the rock to the west of the natural cavern in the hill.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Kulottungacholadava II

Page #419

South Arcot District
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 471
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
4th regnal year (1137 A.D.)
Tamil
Records an endowment of 420 kalam of paddy by the measure Atkoṇḍanmarakkal, out of the annual padikkaval income from the village Jananathamangalam by Alappirantän Mōgan alias KulottungasolāKāḍavarayan for offerings to (the image of) Kachchi-Nayanar.
ARE, 311/1939-40.
It may be assigned to the time of Kulottunga II (ARE, 1939-40, pt. 11, para 110.)
Tirunagungonḍai
Ulundurpettai
397
South Arcot
On the southern side of the basement of the defunct shrine situated outside the south prakara wall of the Appaṇḍainatha temple.
Chōla
Rājarājadeva II

Page #420

398
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Date
9th regnal year (1155 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records a gift of certain taxes due to him from the village Tirunagungoņdai by the chief Kiliyūr Malaiyamān Atti-Sokkan alias Rājagambhirachēdirāyan for offerings to the deities Appar and Paliyilalvar of the temple.
Reference
ARE, 317/1939-40.
No. 472
Village
Tirunafungondai
Taluk
Ulundūrpēțțai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the base of the verandah around the Chandranātha shrine in the Appārdainātha temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Kulottunga III
Date
(1178-1216 A,D.)
Tamil
Language and Script

Page #421

South Arcot District
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 473
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
It is engraved at the end of the next inscription. (ARE, 381/1902). It is a verse in praise of the Virasangha of the Jains and the lord of Tirunagungoṇḍai. It also mentions Kulottunga and records the gift of the village Nallur to the Jaina temple at this place. A certain mathapati is also referred to in the last line of the verse.
399
ARE, 299/1939-40, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 71.
Tirunarungonḍai seems to have had a Jaina matha presided over by a Mathathipathi in medieval times.
(See, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 80)
Tirunagungondai
Ulundurpēṭṭai
South Arcot
On the base of the verandah around the Chandranatha shrine in the Appaṇḍainatha temple.
Chōla
Kulottunga III

Page #422

400
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 474
Village
Taluk
District
9th regnal year (1187 A.D.)
Tamil
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
It registers a grant of three villages Ārṛürpallichchandam, Ullur (i.e., Tirunagungoṇḍai) and Enadimangalam by ArasanārāyaṇanAlappigantan alias Virasekhara Kāḍavarayan, as tirunāmattukkāņi, to the god (deva) of Narpatteṇayirap-perumpalli at Tirunagungondai, a sub-division of Rajarājavaļanāḍu from that year as granted by His Majesty (Aiyyan).
ARE, 381/1902, SII, Vol. VII, No. 1011, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt I, No. 71.
The regnal year of the king, according to the Annual Report on Epigraphy (1902) is nine, while in the South Indian Temple Inscription (Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 71) the regnal year is said to be one. The Kāḍavarayas, like the Sambhuvarayas, were the vassals of the Cholas.
Tirunagungoṇḍai
Ulundurpēṭṭai
South Arcot

Page #423

South Arcot District
401
Findspot
On the east wall of the Alagamma-mandapa on the hill.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājarajadēva III
Date
5th regnal year (1221 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragment. Seems to record a gift of certain taxes due to him from the village Tirunarungondi by Kūdal Ālappipantān Elisaimohan...: Sola Kādavaráyan as endowment to the god (name lost).
Reference
ARE, 313/1939–1940.
No. 475
Village
Tirunaguigondai
Taluk
Ulundūrpattai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the base of the west wall near the entrance to the Tanakasala in the same temple.
Dynasty
Chola
51

Page #424

402
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
King
Rājarāja III
Date
10th regnal year (1226 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Registers a gift of 10 ma of wet land by Kūļal Alappirantān Ēlisai Mohan Kādavarāyan for the maintenance of a perpetual lamp before the god Pārsvanáthaśvāmin in the mēlapalli (temple at the top of the hill). Tirunagungoņdai is said to be a village in Tirumunaippādi-kungattūrnāļu.
Reference
South Indian pt. 1, No. 74.
Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I,
Remarks
Kūďal Alappirantān Elisai Mohan was one of the Kadava chieftains under Kulottur ga III. Probably, he continued to serve under Rājarāja III also, hence he finds a place in the present record.
No, 476
Village
Tirunafungondai
Taluk
Ulundūrpēžtai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
To the east of the entrance to the storeroom on the northern Shrine of the Chandranatha shrine in the same temple.

Page #425

South Arcot District
403
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājarā jadēva III
Date
10th regnal year (1226 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Registers the grant of 3 ma of wet land by Kolliyūr Odaiyān for burning a twilight lamp in front of the Yakshi image in the Mêl-palli of the Narpattennayiraperumpaļļi at Tirunagungoņçai.
Reference
South Indian pt. 1, No. 76.
Temple Inscriptions,
Vol. I,
No. 477
Village
Tirunaguigondai
Taluk
Ulupdūrpațțai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the pedestal of a bronze image of Chandranātha in the Appāņd ainātha temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājarāja III
Date
(1216-1246 A.D.)

Page #426

404
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
States that the image of Kachchi-Nayakkar was endowed by Ālappirantān-MohanKachchiyarāyar at Tirunagungonpai. ARE, 319/1939-40.
Reference
Remarks
The Chandraprabha image is referred to in this record as Kachchi-Nayakkar.
No. 478
Village Taluk
Tirunaqungondai Ulundūrpaţtai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the west wall (inside) of the prakara of the Appändainātha temple.
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Kopperuńjiigadeva 3rd regnal year (1246 A.D.)
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the construction of the stroll pavilion to the temple south of Tirunaguågondai by ... Singan, a native of Palaiyūr.
Reference
ARE, 314/1939–40.

Page #427

South Arcot District
405
No. 479
Village
Tirunagungongai
Taluk
Ulundūrpastai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
At the base of the wall to the west of the spring in the first prakara of the temple.
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Kopperuńjiiga
Date
6th regnal year (1249 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
A damaged and fragmentary record. Registers the construction of the prakara (tirunadaimaļigai) to the temple by a certain person whose name is lost. Tirunafungondai is said to be a village in Tirumunaippādikungattürnāļu, a sub-division of Rajarājavalanādu.
Reference
South Indian pt. I, No. 77.
Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I,
Remarks
The name of the person who constructed the prakara wall seems to be Kakkiyarāyan (Kachchiyarāyan).

Page #428

406
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 480
Village
Tirunafungondai
Taluk
Uļundūrpēţtai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a rock on the way to the tank at the foot of the hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 13th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the construction of these steps by Guņaviradēvan Panditadēvan, a goldsmith of the place.
Reference
ARE, 316/1939-40.
No. 481
Village
Tirunajungonpai
Taluk
Ulundūrpējțai
District
South Arcot

Page #429

South Arcot District
Findspot
On the wall of the Nityakalyāņaśvāmi shrine in the first prakara of tbe temple.
Dynasty
Pandya
King
Māgavarman alias Vikramapāņdya.
Date
(1283-1296 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Much damaged and fragmentary. Seems to register some gift to the god Appāņdaināthar in the temple of Narpattennayiraperumpaļļi. The mahanayaka merchant guild of Naduvilmaņdalam is also mentioned in the inscription.
Reference
Temple Inscriptions, VolI,
South Indian pt. 1, No. 78.
No. 482
Village
Tirunagungonļai
Taluk
Ulundurpațțai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the wall of the dilapidated shrine dedicated to NityaKalyāņadēva within the Appānļainātha temple complex.

Page #430

408
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Dynasty
Pandya
King
Tribhuvanachakravarti Vikrama Pāņdya
Date
7th regnal year (1290 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Registers the gift of 6 ma of wet land in the village for offerings to the god Appāņdaināyanār in the temple of Narpattennayiraperumpaļļi at Tirunagungondai in Kungattūrnādu, a sub-division of Tirumunaippādi, a district of Rājarāja-vaļanādu.
The latter portion of the inscription registers the grant of certain miscellaneous taxes of the Kunrattūr-kūrram for offerings and for a perpetual lamp to the god.
Reference
South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 75.
No. 483
Village
Tirunaguigondai
Talok
Ufundūrpattai
District
South Arcot

Page #431

South Arcot District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 484
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
52
On the east wall of the front mandapa, left of entrance, in the Appaṇḍainatha temple.
Saka 1283 (1361 A.D.)
Tamil
409
Records a gift of land for a perpetual lamp in the temple of Appäṇḍār by the naṭṭavar of Adanurpaggu.
ARE, 304/1939-40.
Tirunagungonḍai
Ulundurpettai
South Arcot
On the east wall of the front maṇḍapa, right of entrance, in the Appandaina tha temple.

Page #432

410
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 485
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Saka 1283 (1361 A.D.)
Tamil
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Records a gift of land for a perpetual lamp in the temple of Appaṇḍar by a person (name lost), son of Sembadi-Villavadaraiyan of Palampattinam in Paṭṭina-nāḍu, a subdivision of Sembūrkōṭṭam in Jayankondasolamaṇḍalam. Tirunagungoṇḍai is said to have formed part of Adanur in Kugukkaikūgram in Tirumunaippaḍi-nāḍu, a subdivision of Naduvilmaṇḍalam. Mentions Goppanna-Uḍaiyar as being instrumental for this gift.
ARE, 303/1939-40.
Tirunagungonḍai
Ulundurpēṭṭai
South Arcot
On the east wall of the Alagamma maṇḍapa on the hill.
| ││

Page #433

South Arcot District
411
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragment. Seems to record a gift of cows by some persons (probably for lamps in the temple).
Reference
ARE, 312/1939-40.
No. 486
Village
Tirunagungoņqai
Taluk
Ulundūrpēţtai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the pedestals of the images of saints kept on the south-western side of the mukha-mandapa in the Appāņọainātha temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 16th century characters
Tamil, Grantha
Language
and Script

Page #434

412
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Contents
Mentions the following names : Srimān Traividyāchakravartin. Samayanātha Muniśvara. Srimãn Guņabhadrāchārya. (Some more names are said to have been engraved on similar pedestals).
Reference
South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. I, No. 82.
No. 487
Village
Tirunagungondai
Taluk
Ulundūrpattai
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the lintel over the entrance into the Appāndainātha temple.
Dynasty
Kjog
Date
A.D. 16th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
A verse in praise of Guṇabhadramunivar, evidently a Jaina saint who was famous in the southern land as a great scholar both in Tamil and in Sanskrit and who was a native of Kondaimalai.

Page #435

So uth Arcot District
Reference
Remarks
No. 488
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
ARE, 302/1939-40.
Tirunagungondai hill is mentioned as Konḍaimalai in this record. The name Gunabhadra occurs in some more epigraphs from Tirunagungoṇḍai.
Tirunagungoṇḍai
Ulundurpettai
South Arcot
413
On the northern side of the front maṇḍapa in the Appandaina tha temple.
(A.D. 16th century characters)
Tamil
States that Anantappan, son of Sri Agamvaļarttan, always worships.
South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 82-C.

Page #436

414
No. 489
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 490
Village
Taluk
District
Tirunagungonḍai
Ulundurpettai
South Arcot
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
On the east wall of the front mandapa in the Appaṇḍainatha temple.
A.D. 16th century characters
Tamil
Mentions the name of a saint Gunabhadracharya alias Virasaňghapratishṭācharyār.
ARE, 303/1939-40,
South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 82.
Guṇabhadra is said to have established the Virasangha at Tirunagungoṇḍai.
Tirunagun gondai
Ulundurpēṭṭai
South Arcot

Page #437

South Arcot District
415
Findspot
On the north wall (inside) of the gopura of the Appāņņainātha temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
1636 A. D.
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the completion on this date, of the stone work of the gõpura of the Appāņdār temple at Tirunarungondai by Parama Jinadēva Jiyar.
Reference
ARE, 315/1939-40.
Remarks
The gopura is stated to have been completed in Yuva, Panguni 2, Dritya, Rēvati and Sunday, and this would probably correspond to A.D. 1636, February 28th, Sunday. ARE, 1939-40, pt. II, para, 110.
No. 491
Village
Tiruppalappandal
Taluk
Tirukkoilur
District
South Arcot

Page #438

416
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On the wall of the south verandah in the first prakara of the Madhyasthanātha (Siva) temple.
Dynasty
Vijayanagar
King
Sāluva Narasimhadēva
Date
Saka 1393 (1471 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
It states that owing to the Oddiyangalabhai, worship in the Siva temples at Tiruppālaippandal and Paśūru, and the Jaina temples at Panaippādi and Ponparappu had ceased, and it was restored by the order of the king issued to his agent Annamarāśā.
This inscription is said to be a copy of those found at places like Tirukkoilūr, Nerkungam etc.
Reference
also part II, p. 103,
ARE, 416/1937–38, para, 65.
Remarks
Some of the temples in the villages around Tirukkoilūr are said to have suffered damage due to Oddiyan-galabai, i. e., attack of the Odda army. The Jaina temples at Panaippādi and Ponparappu which were affected by such an attack had been restored by the Sāluva king Narasimha.

Page #439

South Arcot District
417
No. 492
Village
Tiruvatigai
Taluk
Cuddalore
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the east wall of the second prakara, right of the entrance in the Siva temple.
Dynasty
Pandya
King
Jațāvarman Sundara Pāņdya
Date
13+13 year (A.D. 13th century characters)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the dispute on the boundary of lands belonging to the temples of Nalmukhandyanar, Munaiyadiśvaram-U daiyar and Arhadēvar (Jaina). The boundaries had been settled on three occasions previously.
Reference
ARE, 416/1921, also pt. II, p. 105.
Remarks
The Jaina temple at Tiruvatigai does not exist at present. However, an image of a Tirtha åkara is reported from the same village.
53

Page #440

418
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 493
Village
Tondür
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
the Chéri in
the
On a boulder near Village.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Parakē sarivarman
Date
3rd regnal year (A.D.10th century characters)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records that the village Guņanërimangalam alias Valuvāmoli Ārandamangalam together with some garden lands and wells at Toņļūr and Valuvamo!ipperumpaļļi Vilagam were left incharge of the Jaina teacher Vajrasinga-Ilamperumānadigal of Parambūr, as paļlichchandam by the chief Viņņakovaraiyan Vayirimalaiyan.
Reference
ARE, 83/1934-35, SII, Vol. XIX, No. 80
Remarks
Vinpakovaraiyan seems to be a local chieftain ruling over some parts of the present Gingee taluk. Topdür was a Jaina settlement in the medieval period and a hill near by the village contains an image of Pārsvanātha and a few rock-cut beds in a cavern,

Page #441

South Arcot District
419
No. 494
Village
Tondūr
Taluk
Gingee
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the same boulder near the Chéri in the village.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Parakësarivarman
Date
3rd regnal year (A.D. 10th century characters)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Seems to register the levy of a cess on the produce of the lands by the chieftain Viņņakovaraiyan Vayiri-Malaiyan, for the maintenance of the tanks in Viņņakovaraiyar-nādu in Singapura-nādu.
Reference
ARE, 84/1934–35.
Remarks
The chieftain is said to have decided, in consultation with his nadu (assembly), to allow a tax of one nali for every kadi of paddy for the annual upkeep of the irrigation tanks situated in the nadu (area). ARE, 1934-35, pt. II, pp. 58–59.

Page #442

420
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 495
Vidūr
Village Taluk
Tindivanam
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On a slab paved into the floor of the mandapa in the Jaina temple.
Dynasty
Rāshtrakūţa
King
Kannaradeva (Krishņa III)
Date
(939-968 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Most part of the record damaged. Purport not clear. Probably records some endowment to the temple.
Reference
A. Ekambaranathan, "A note on Viļūr temple”, Mukkudai, April, 1982.
No. 496
Village
Vidūr
Taluk
Tiņdivanam
District
South Arcot
Findspot
On the stone slabs kept up side down and built in to the prakara wall, northern side.
Dynasty
King

Page #443

South Arcot District
421
Date
A.D. 12th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Fragmentary. Since the stone slabs have been redressed, the contents of the record can not be understood.
Reference
A. Ekambaranathan, “The Arhan temple at Vidūr”, Mukkudai, March, 1982, p. 12.
No. 497
Village
Valūr
Taluk
Tiņdivanam
District
South Arcot
Findspot
the
To the left of the entrance into central shrine of the Jaina temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
In modern characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the renovation of the temple by one Jeyasena.
Reference
ARE, 124/1919.

Page #444

422
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Remarks
This inscription, in modern characters, records the renovation of the temple and hence, the original structure should be of an earlier date. But the exact period of the earlier edifice can not be ascertained.
No. 498
Village
Vilukkam
Taluk
Tindivanam
District
South Arcot
Findspot
Around the foot prints placed on a platform by the side of a maņpapa in the village.
Dynasty
King
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Mentions the name of a monk, Guņasā haradevar.
Reference
K.Krishnamurti, "Foot prints at Vilukkam”, Mukkudai, December, 1984, pp. 2-4.
Remarks
The foot-prints are of Guņasā haradēva, who is said to be a monk looking after the Jaina establishments at Vilukkam and nearby villages.

Page #445

THANJAVUR DISTRICT
1. Āvarani
2 Kūhūr
Maruttuvakkugi
4. Pallankoil
5. Ponvisaintānpatti
6. Sendalai
7. Tirunāgāśvaram
No. 499
Village
Āvarani
Talok
Nagapattinam
District
Thanjavūr

Page #446

424
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On a stone in the Siva temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Kulottunga
Date
15th regnal year (1193 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
(Records an endowment to the Siva temple of the place). The inscription also refers to the Jaina establishment viz., Chittiralē haipperumpalli, in the course of a land transaction in which the lands of this paļļi and the Siva temple were exchanged.
Reference
ARE, 487/1922, K. G. Krishnan, Studies in South History and Epigraphy, p. 126.
Indian
Remarks
Vestiges of this Jaina paļļi are not found in the vicinity of the village.
No. 500
Village
Kūhūr
Taluk
Kumbakonam
District
Thanjā vür

Page #447

Thanjavur District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 501
Village
Taluk
District
54
On the south wall of the central shrine in the Amravanesvara (Siva) temple.
Chōla
Kulottunga I
(1070-1120 A.D.)
Tamil
425
Incomplete. Seems to register a gift of land to Kulottungasolapperumpalli at Kūrūr alias Kulottungaśolanallur in Tirunagaiyur nāḍu, a sub-division of Kulottungasolavalanādu and also the devadana lands of Tiruveļļerukkisvaramuḍaiyar and Tirumambalamuḍaiyar temples.
ARE, 288/1917.
The Jaina palli and the village were named after the Chola king Kulottunga. At present, vestiges of the Jaina temple are not found in the vicinity of the village. The ancient name of Kühür was Kürür.
Maruttuvakkuḍi
Pāpanāsam
Thanjavur

Page #448

426
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 502
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
On the south wall of the maṇḍapa infront of the central shrine in the Airavatēśvara (Siva) temple.
Chōja
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Kulottunga III
16th regnal year (1194 A.D.)
Tamil
Records gift of land to the Siva temple. Also refers to two Jaina paļļis, Sēdikulamanikkapperumpalli and Gangarula Sundarapperumpalli, at Jananathapuram.
ARE, 392/1907, SII, Vol. XXIII, No. 392.
The existence of two Jaina temples at Jananathapuram is known from this record found in the Siva temple.
Paļļankoil
Tiruttugaippuṇḍi
Thanjavur
Copper plate discovered from the village.

Page #449

Thanjavur District
427
Dynasty
Pallava
King
Simbavarman
Date
6th regnal year (556 A.D.) Sanskrit in Grantha, Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the grant of the village of Amansērkkai in Perunagarnadu in Venkunrakkottam and land in Tamar to Vajranandikkuravar of Paruttikkunu as pallichchandam. Narabbaya, the minister figures as the ajñapati of the grant. ARE, A-10/1958–59, TASSI, 1958 - 59, p. 41 ff.
Reference
Remarks
This charter consists of two sections, one in Sanskrit verse and the other in Tamil prose. It records that the king Simhavarman (identified with Simhavişņu) granted the village Sramanaśrama to Vajranandi of Nandi Sangha at Vardhamanēs varatirtha for conducting the worship of lord Jina. The Tamil portion is addressed to the nattar of Perunagarnadu and records that the viilage Amansērkkai in Perunagarnādu as well as 16, patti of land at Tamar were granted as palsichchandam to Vajranandikkuravar. Perunagar and Tāmar (Tāmal) are places in the Kāñchipuram taluk. Amansarkkai can not be definitely identified since there are several villages with names like Amanantāngal, Ammapambākkam etc. ARE, 1958-59, pp. 3-4.
This copper plate, though discovered at Pallankoil, belonged to the Jaina temple at Tirupparuttikkunju in Kanchipuram.

Page #450

428
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 503
Village
Pallankoil
Taluk
Tiruttujaipundi
District
Thańjā vür
Findspot
Copper plates dug out from the village.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Date
A.D. 10th century characters
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Incomplete. Records a grant of land as Palsichchandam, made free of taxes, infavour of Sundarachõlapperumpalli for the maintenance of Sandanandibhațārar alias Maunidevar of Nandi-Sangha and the male and female ascetics of the establishment. The lands situated in Umbalanāļu (details lost) and in Dhanmalipūņời in Pugankarambainādu, were to be cultivated hereditarily by Selēttikudiyan who constructed the palli on the site, purchased by him from the nagarattar of Irumudicholapuram in Umbalanāļu.
Reference
ARE, A-29/1961-62, TASSI, 1958-59, pp. 84 ff.
Remarks
The six plates of this group are numbered 13, 15, 18, 19, 21 and 23. The other plates have not been recovered.

Page #451

Thanjavur District
No.
Village
Taluk
504
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Ponviļaintānpaţţi
Tiruvaiyāgu
Thaňjāvūr
On a stone found in the village.
Pallava
Nandivarman II
A.D. 8th century characters
Tamil
429
Fragmentary. Records that during the reign of Nandivarman, the wife of..... ḍuhu Muttaraiyan. .... Kuvāvan (made a gift of some gold to the palli).
N. Kasinathan, Muttaraiyar, pp. 46-47.
This record seems to have been issued by Perumbiḍuhu Muttaraiyan Kuvavan, who was one of the Muttaraiyar chieftains.

Page #452

430
No. 505
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Sendalai
Thanjavur
Thanjavur
On a stone built into the outer gopura of the Sundaresvara (Siva) temple.
Chōla
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Parakeśarivarman
12th regnal year (A.D.10th century characters)
Tamil
Records that one Arambaviran received 150 ilakkasu from Kanakaśēnabhațăra of the palli in Vaḍakaviranaḍu and inlieu of that agreed to repair the Virasikhamaṇippērēri (tank). He also agreed to pay 150 kalam of paddy annually as interest for the amount received from Kanakaśēnabhaṭāra.
Another fragmentary inscription found on the same wall also mentions the name of Kanakaś ēnabhaṭāra and Arambaviran.
ARE, 7/1899, SII, Vol. VI, No. 443.
These stones containing the inscriptions should have been taken from a ruined Jaina temple nearby and used for the construction of the gōpura.

Page #453

Thanjavūr District
No. 506
Village
Tirunā gēśvaram
Taluk
Kumbakonam
District
Thanjavur
Findspot
On a pillar lying in a maņdapa at the end of the street infront of the Năganāthaévāmi (Siva) temple.
Dynasty
King
Chola (Aditya 1) (871-907 A.D.)
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
The inscription is dated to the time of Āditya, on palaeographical grounds. It records the provision made by the Perunagarattar (merchant community) of Kumaramättandapuram in Tiraim úr-nādu for the renovation of the surrounding hall (tiruchchurralai) and the gopura in a Jaina temple called Miladudaiyarpaļļi.
Kumaramärttānda seems to have been a surname of the Pallava king Nandivarman III,
Reference
ARE, 222/1911, SII, Vol. III, No. 91.
Remarks
The village Kumaramārttāngapuram was obviously named after Nandivarman III. The Chola king Aditya I is said to have married the daughter of Nandivarman III as is evident from a record from Chittämûr, in which she is called Kādavarkonpävai. (See, Chittāmûr Inscriptions.)

Page #454

17
No. 507
Village
Taluk
TIRUCHIRAPPAĻĻI DISTRICT
District
1. Anbil
2. Jambukēśvaram
3. Pugalūr
4. Sivāyam
5. Tiruchirappalli
Anbil
Tiruchirappalli
Tiruchirappalli

Page #455

Tiruchirappalli District
433
Findspot
On a stone built into the floor of the Ganasa temple.
Dynasty
King
Date
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Damaged. It is a record of the mercantile group of the Chitramë lipperiyanattar. Seems to record some arrangements made for worship in the Amudamoliperumpalli at Tiruvidaikkudi in Poygaināļu, a subdivision of Rājarāja vaļanādu.
Reference
ARE, 601/1902, SII, Vol. VIII, No. 198.
Remarks
The stone seems to have been brought here from some other place. The details of the record can not be made out since the Jast part is obliterated,
No. 508
Village
Jambukasvaram
Taluk
Tiruchirāppaļļi
District
Tiruchirāppalli
55

Page #456

434
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On the south wall of the third prakara of the Jambukaśvara (Siva) temple.
Dynasty
Chola
King
Rājarājadēva III
Date
17th regnal year (1233 A.D.)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Registers a sale of land in RājarājanKūgranguồi by several persons of Turaiyūr to the temple (Jambukèśvaram). Also mentions a Jaina temple (amaņpalli) named Kavirajapperumpalli.
Reference
ARE, 32/1937-38.
Remarks
It is interesting to note that this inscription found in the Siva temple recording the grant of lands to the same institution, also mentions a Jaina palļi. But the exact place of the palli, its nature and other details connected with it are not known from the epigraph.
No. 509
Village
Pugalūr
Taluk
Karür
District
Tiruchirāppalli

Page #457

Tiruchirappalļi District
435
Findspot
On the pillow of the rock-cut bed in the cavern of the Arunaţtar hill near Valāyudampāļayam..
Dynasty
Chēra (Irumpogai)
King
Ilankațunko
Date
3rd-4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brāhmi
Language
and Script
Contents
(The) abode (urai) of Cenkāyapan, a Jaina monk (amaņņan) from Yârfur. (This) stone abode was (caused to be) cut by Ilankatuoko, (the) son of Perunkațuikon, (the) son (of the) king Ātan Cellirumporai, on becoming (the) beir-apparent.
Reference
ARE, 349/1927-28, I. Mahadevan, op.cit., Pugadūr, No. 1, T.V. Mahalingam, op.cit., pp. 279-280.
Remarks
It is of great interest to note that this inscription mentions three persons, in the grand father, father and son relationship, namely Ātan Cellirumporai, Perunkațunkon and. Ilankațůňkon. . They were members of the early Chēra dynasty, referred to in Patirruppattu (Ten Idylls), one of the Sangam classics. Ibid., p. 280.

Page #458

436
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 510
Village
Pugalur
Taluk
Karur
District
Tiruchirappalli
Findspot
On the brow of the second cave in the same hill.
Dynasty
Chēra (Irumpogai)
King
Ilankatunko
Date
3rd 4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
Language
and Script
Contents
Letters missing in some portion. (To) Cenkā [yapan), the Jaina monk (from) Yasur; (This) stone (abode) was caused to be cut by Katunkon Ilankaturko, (the) son of Peruňkatunkon, (the) son of the king. Ātan Cellirumporai, on becoming (the) heir-apparent.
Reference
ARE, 297/1963-64, I. Mahadevan, op.cit., Pugalūr, No. 2, K. G. Krishnan, Studies in South Indian History and Epigraphy, pp. 24-30.
Remarks
This record seems to be a copy of the previous inscription, containing the same information.

Page #459

Tiruchirappalli District
No. 511
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 512
Village
Taluk
District
Pugalur
Karür
Tiruchirappalli
On the pillow of the rock-cut bed in the
cavern.
3rd 4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
Kiran (and) Korgan, (the) sons (of) Pitantai of Nalliyür.
ARE, 346/1927-28,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugalür, No. 3, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., pp. 283-284.
437
Pugalūr
Karür
Tiruchirappalli

Page #460

438
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No.
513
Village
Taluk
District
On the brow of the first cave to the south of the hill.
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
3rd 4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
Monastery caused to be made (by) Kiran (and) Ōri, (the) younger sons of Pitan of Nalliyür.
ARE,
296/1963-64,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugalur, No. 4.
This seems to be connected with the previous record as it mentions the sons of Pitan (Pitantai) of Nalliyür.
Pugalür
Karür
Tiruchirappalli

Page #461

Tiruchirappalli District
439
Findspot
On the pillow-lofts of the rock-cut beds in the cavern.
Dynasty
King
Date
3rd - 4th centuries A.D.
Language
and Script
Tamil, Brahmi
Contents
a. (The) bed of Cenkāyapa(n)
(of) Yālfur. b. Another fragment reads :
Bed (given by) .......
Reference
ARE, 342/1927-28, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugalūr, Nos. 5 & 6.
No. 514
Village
Pugalūr
Taluk
Karūr
District
Tiruchirāppalli
Findspot
On the pillow-loft of a rock-cut bed in the same cavern.
Dynasty
King

Page #462

440
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No. 515
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
3rd-4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
It is a fragmentary record mentioning the bed (atiṭṭanam).
ARE, 341/1927-28,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugalur, No. 7, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 280.
Pugalür
Karür
Tiruchirappalli
On the pillow-lofts of the rock-cut beds in the cavern.
3rd
- 4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi

Page #463

Tiruchirappalli District
441
Contents
a. Fragmentary. The bed of Vaniātan,
a merchant. b. Another fragment just at the right side,
which mentions 'makan' meaning son.
Reference
ARE, 345/1927-28, I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugajūr, Nos. 8 & 9, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 283.
No. 516
Village
Pugalūr
Talak
Karūr
District
Tiruchirāppalli
Findspot
On the pillow-loft of a rock-cut bed in the cavern.
Dynasty
King
Date
3rd - 4th centuries A.D.
Language
and Script
Tamil, Brāhmi
Contents
A fragmentary record mentioning, Korfantai Ilavan .... three ....
Reference
ARE, 344/1927-28. I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugalūr, No. 10, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 282.
56

Page #464

442
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
No. 517
Village
Pugalūr
Taluk
Karūr
District
Tiruchirappalli
Findspot
On the pillow-loft of a rock-cut bed in the cavern.
Dynasty
--
King
Date
3rd-4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
Language · and Script
Contents
(The) bed of Atti, (a) gold merchant from Karu-ür.
Reference
ARE, 343/1927-28, 1. Mahadevan, op, cit., Pugalūr, No. 11, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 281.
Remarks
Karür was the capital of the early Chēra kings, now a small town in the Trichirāppalli district.

Page #465

Tiruchirappalli District
No. 518
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
No.
519
Village
Taluk
District
Pugalūr
Karur
Tiruchirappalli
On the pillow-loft of a rock-cut bed in the
cavern.
3rd 4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
Fragmentary. It reads Ilańkiran, (the) son of....nakan.
443
ARE, 347/1927-28,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Pugalūr, No. 12, T. V. Mahalingam, op. cit., p. 284.
Sivayam
2
Kulittalai
Tiruchirappalli

Page #466

444
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On a rock called Sundakkapapai.
Dynasty
King
Date
(archaic characters)
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Registers the names Viramallan and Siyamittiran in archaic characters. In another place is engraved the term “Ya-karadu', also in ancient alphabet. The rock has a row of five beds cut into it.
Reference
ARE, 50/1913.
Remarks
The date of the record is not known to us. Viramallan and Siyamittiran seem to be the names of monks who resided in the caves.
No.
520
Village
Tiruchirāppalli
Taluk
Tiruchirāppalli
District
Tiruchirāppalli
Findspot
On a rock leading to the cavern on the top of the rock forti
Dynasty
King

Page #467

Tiruchirappalli District
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 521
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
3rd 4th centuries A.D.
Tamil, Brahmi
To Cenkayipan
(damaged, reading doubtful)
ARE,
139/1937-38,
I. Mahadevan, op. cit., Trichirapalli No. 1.
445
It is read as 'Kupagaghari' by the Government Epigraphist and the record is assigned to the 2nd century B.C.
ARE, 1937-38, No. 139.
Tiruchirappalli
Tiruchirappalli
Tiruchirappalli
On the pillows of the rock-cut beds in a cavern behind the Uchchipillaiyar shrine on the top of the rock-fort.
wan
A.D. 7th century characters

Page #468

446
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
A few stone pillows of the rock-cut beds show traces of obliterated writing, recording possibly the names of the occupants of the beds. One of these bears the name 'Chira', the bearer of which was perhaps a monk of repute and possibly the settlement was called Tiruchirāppalli after him.
Reference
ARE, 1937-38, pt. II, p. 78.
No. 522
Village
Tiruchirāppalli
Taluk
Tiruchirāppalli
District
Tiruchirāppalli
Findspot
On the ledge of the rock leading to the cavern behind the Uchchipillaiyar shrine on the top of the rock-fort.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 7th century characters.
Tamil, Grantha, Vatteluttu
Language
and Script

Page #469

Tiruchirapalli District
447
Contents
Labels such as Kamț(uhu, Namostu, Pravulai, Tańchahara (ka), Sénatandan, Amithananda, Gatadzsa and Kaiviļakku are engraved at different places.
Reference
ARE, 132-140/1937-38.
Remarks
Of these labels, Kamttuhu, and Tańchaharaka are doubtfully taken to be the titles of the Pallava king Mahēndra I, ARE, 1937-38, pt. II, pp. 78-79) while the others such as Gatadosa, s'ēnatandan, Amithananda and Kaiviļakku are said to be names probably of Jaina monks. (T. V. Mahalingam Early South Indian Palaeography, pp. 301-307), However, their affiliation to the Jaina sect is not proved beyond doubt.
No. 523
Village
Tiruchirāppalli
Taluk
Tiruchirāppaļji
District
Tiruchirāppalli
Findspot
In the cavern on the top of the rock-fort.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 11th century characters

Page #470

448
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Sanskrit, Grantha
Language
and Script
Contents
Contains an announcement by a person with the biruda Vadipralaya-bhairava' about his arrival here after defeating all disputants and visiting the Karnā gamandala. Near this inscription are found, carved in lowrelief, a pair of sandals, and in depression, an dsana.
Reference
ARE, 103/1937-38.
Remarks
This record also can not be definitely attributed to the Jains, as the term Bhairaya generally refers to a mendicant or to the deity of the Kāpālika subsect of Saivism. However, the title Vadipralaya--bhairava' (a Bhairava of disputants) was borne by Jaina monks also. ARE, 1937-38, pt. II, p. 79.

Page #471

18
TIRUNELVELI KATTABOMMAN DISTRICT
1. Eguvaļi
2. Kufiàlam
3. Majukāltalai
4. Singikulam
No. 524
Village
Équvádi
Taluk
Na ögunari
District
Tirunelvēli Kattabomman
Findspot
On a boulder in the Irațțaipottai rock.
Dynasty
Pandya
57

Page #472

450
King
Date
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Maganjaḍaiyan
43rd regnal year (799 A.D.)
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Registers a gift of land by Irambaṭṭuvēļān-Sattan as pallichchandam to the temple of Aruvalattu Bhataraka of Tiruviruttalai in Naṭṭāgruppōkku.
A Tamil verse at the end, composed by the donor himself, contains an exhortation to all to offer worship to the Arhan on the hill.
ARE, 605/1915, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 41.
K. V. Ramesh gives the following details. Lines 12, 17 and 18 of this inscription mention pappacanṛar of Kilccēri in Nāṭṭukkurumbu as the protectors and executers of the grant. It appears that the learned brahmaņas (pārppar) of Kilccēri were entrusted with the task of managing this grant made to a Jaina deity.
In the verse occurring in lines 22-26, the donor eulogises the Arhat as 'one with. out end' (antam-il), as the 'source of many qualities' (palguṇattadi) and as the healer of voes (iḍar-tirkkum). A. Chakravarti, Jaina literature in Tamil, (ed. K.V. Ramesh), Notes p. 153.

Page #473

Tirunelvēli Kattabomman District
451
No. 525
Village
Equvādi
Taluk
Nāngunêri
District
Tirunelveli Kațțabomman
Findspot
On the same rock, below the image.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 8th century characters
Language
and Script
Tamil, Vatteluttu
Contents
States that the image (below which the inscription is engraved) was to be protected by the assembly of Nāţtāsquppokku.
Reference
ARE, 604/1915, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 130.
No. 526
Village
Eruvādi
Taluk
Nẵnguneri
District
Tirunelveli Kattabomman

Page #474

452
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Findspot
On the same boulder, below another image.
Dynasty
King
Date
A.D. 8th century characters
Tamil, Vațțeluttu
Language
and Script
Contents
States that the work (of having done the image) was that of Ajjanandi.
Reference
ARE, 603/1915, SII, Vol. XIV, No. 129.
No. 527
Village
Kurtālam
Taluk
Tenkasi
District
Tirunelvēli Kattabomman
Findspot
On a rock called Paradēsiportai in a cave on the hill.
Dynasty
King
Date
(A.D. 3rd century characters)
Tamil, Brahmi.
Language
and Script

Page #475

Tirunelveli Kattabomman District
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 528
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
The characters and symbols of the record are quite unintelligible. (The rock, Paradeēśiportai, is evidently named after a religious mendicant who used to live in the cave).
ARE, 25/1912, also, pt. II, p. 57.
453
Though the record had not been deciphered correctly, it may be connected with Jainism. See, M. S. Venkatasamy, Samanamum Tamilum, p. 128.
The photographic illustration of the record reveals (ARE, pt. II, p. 57) that it is in Brahmi characters of the 3rd century A.D. Certain letters like u, nữ, ma, e, ja are distinct, while the others are very much obliterated.
Magukaltalai
Tirunelveli
Tirunelveli Kattabomman
On a rock bed in the hill called Püviluḍaiyarmalai, 10 miles from Palayańkōṭṭai.
2nd-1st centuries B.C.

Page #476

454
Language and Script
Contents
Reference
Remarks
No. 529
Village
Taluk
District
Findspot
Dynasty
King
Date
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Tamil, Brahmi
(The) rock bed caused to be given (by) Kāsipan (a) vēļ.
ARE, 407/1906,
I. Mahadevan, op.cit., Magukaltalai, No. 1, T.V. Mahalingam, op.cit., pp. 218-223.
The name of the person who caused to be given the rock-cut bed is also read as Venkäsipan. The rock-cut bed is referred to as Kal Kanchanam.
Singikuļam
Nangunēri
Tirunelveli Kattabomman
On the west and south walls of the Bhagavati temple on the hill.
Päṇḍya
Magavarman TribhuvanachakravartiSundarapandya II.
15th year and 360th day (1253-54 A.D.)

Page #477

Tirunelveli Kattabomman District
455
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Begins with the introduction Bhūmiyum Tiruvum. ... etc. It records the original order of the king, and is connected with another inscription (269/1940-41) found on the north wall of the same temple.
Reference
ARE, 270/19 0:41.
Remarks
The order records remission of taxes on two plots of paļļichchandam lands, endowed for the worship in the temple of Nyayaparipala Perumpalļi (see, 269/1940-41).
No 530
Village
Singikulam
Taluk
Nẵnguneri
District
Tirunelveli Kattabomman
Findspot
On the north wall of the Bhagavati temple on the hill,
Dynasty
Påndya
King
Tribhuvanachakravarti Konērinmaikoņdān. (Māravarman Sundara Pandya II)
Date
15th year and 388th day (1254 A.D.)

Page #478

456
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Tamil
Language
and Script
Contents
Records the ulvari giving effect to an order of the king issued at the request of (the minister) Appan Tamilappallavaraiyar, remitting the taxes on two plots of land endowed after purchase from the nagarattar of Rājarājapuram by Matisā garan Adibhattārakan of Pugalokarnāthanallür in Pugalokanāthavalanadu, as Kardnmai pallichchandam for the worship to the image of Enakkunallanayakar in the Jaina temple of Nyåyaparipala Perumpalli, set up by the donor on the hill at Tiờiyūr called Jinagirimamalai in the name of Tamilappallavaraiyan, who is called Oruvārunarndan Enakkunallaperumal and who is stated to be a native of Rājavallavapuram in Kilvēmba-nadu.
Reference
ARE, 269/1940–41.

Page #479

APPENDIX - I
Reference to Pallichchandam and names of Jaina villages occuring in records found in Hindu temples.
CHENGALPATTU DISTRICT
1. Kanchipuram, Kāñchipuram taluk.
Pallichchandam lands excluded from an agreement.
ARE, 9/1898, SII, Vol. I, No. 145.
2. Kanchipuram, same taluk.
Remission of six kalam of paddy per veli of lands granted as pallichchandam.
ARE, 556/1919.
58
3. Kanchipuram, same taluk.
Remission of paddy on certain lands like pallichchandam
etc.
ARE, 566/1919, South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. I, pt. 1, No. 407.

Page #480

458
4. Ramagiri, Tiruvallur taluk.
Remission of taxes from pallichchandam and other classes of lands.
ARE, 657/1904, SII, Vol. XVII, No. 714.
5. Tirupputkuli, Kanchipuram taluk.
Pallichchandam land excluded from a grant.
SII, Vol. VII, No. 55.
6. Vēlachcheri, Saidapet taluk.
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
Vēlichcheri alias Jinachintamani Chaturvedimangalam.
ARE, 303, 307, 314/1911.
DHARMAPURI DISTRICT
7. Chuḍapuram, Hosur taluk.
* 1.
Remission of taxes on pallichchandam land.
ARE, 484/1970-71.
KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT
8. Kadiyapaṭṭanam, Kalkuļam taluk.
Pallichchandam land near Kadiyapattanam and Sēramangalam.
TAS, Vol. IV, pt. 2, No. 105.
9. Kanyakumari, Agasteeswaram taluk.
Grant of lands excluding palļichchandam. TAS, Vol. I, pt. 3, p. 5.

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Appendix - 1
459
10. Kanyakumari, Agasteeswaram taluk.
The dēvadana lands of the Bhagavati temple excluded some pallichchandam lands. TAS, Vol. I, No. 111, p. 5.
11. Puravarasēri, Agasteeswaram taluk.
Grant of land to a Vişnu temple, which was originally a pallichchandain land. TAS, Vol. IV, pt. 2, p. 153.
NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT
12. Brahmade sam, Cheyyār taluk.
Brahmadēsam was known as Jinachintāmaņi-Chaturvēdimangalam and Dinachintāmaņi Chaturvēdimangalam. ARE, 269, 265, 271/1915.
13. Māraṇam, Cheyyār taluk.
Palsichchandam land in the village Morandam. ARE, 155/1965-66.
14. Poigai, Vellore taluk.
Gift of lands excluding palsichchandam. ARE, 77/1887, SII, Vol. I, No. 64.
15. Sakkaramallūr, Walajapet taluk.
Refers to paļļichchandam land, made tax-free. ARE, 33/1940-41.

Page #482

460
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
16. Tiruvannamalai, Tiruvannamalai taluk.
Pallichchandam land to the east of Ādaiyur. Another record refers to palsichchandam land at Tachchar. SII, Vol. VIII, No. 67, 79.
17. Ukkal, Cheyyār taluk.
Royal order to confiscate lands held by Brahmaņas, Jains etc., incase of defaulting of land revenue. ARE, 29/1893, SII, Vol. III, No. 9.
RĀMANĀTHAPURAM DISTRICT
18. Dēvipațținam, Ramanad taluk.
Palsichchandam land on the boundary of the village Kisiyūr. SII., Vol. VIII, No. 404.
SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT
19. Chidambaram, Chidambaram taluk.
Palsichchandam land in Āfur alias Rājarājanallür. SII, Vol. VIII, No. 51.
20. Kiļiyauūr, Tiņdivanam taluk.
Gift of the village Amaņpakkam to the Vişnu temple at Kiļinallūr. ARE, 163/1919.

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Appendix - I
21. Kilur, Tirukkoilur taluk.
Lands of the Mukkudaiyavar (Jaina deity) excluded from some endowment.
SII, Vol. VIII, No. 863.
22. Tirukkoilur, Tirukkoilur taluk.
Mentions pallichchandam land.
SII, Vol. VIII, Nos. 889, 890.
23. Tiṭṭaikuḍi, Vridachalam taluk.
Refers to pallichchandam in Toluvurparru of the village Vākaiyur.
SII, Vol. VIII, No. 279.
THANJAVUR DISTRICT
25.
24. Kōvilaḍi, Thaňjāvūr taluk.
Māranëri Jinachintamani hamlet of Kilimangalam.
SII, Vol. VII, No. 495.
461
Chaturvedimangalam, a
Tirulōki, Kumbakonam taluk.
Mentions several kinds of lands like pallichchandam, dēvadana etc.
ARE, 103/1931-32.
26. Tiruppanandaḥ, Kumbakōņam taluk.
Exclusion of pallichchandam from taxes.
ARE, 74/1931-32, pt. II, p. 54.

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462
27. Tirutturaippuṇḍi Thaňjāvūr taluk.
Mentions palichchandam land in Sattamangalam.
ARE. 466/1912.
28. Tiruvisalur, Kumbakonam taluk. Refers to pallichchandam land.
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
ARE, 48/1907, SII, Vol. XXIII, No. 48.
TIRUCHIRAPAĻĻI DISTRICT
29. Tirumalavadi, Udaiyārpāļayam taluk.
Tirumalavāḍi alias Jinachintamani Chaturvedimangalam. ARE, 22/1920.
31.
30. Tiruppalaitturai, Tiruchirapalli taluk.
PUDUKŌTTAI DISTRICT
Pallichchandam land in the village Pulivallam.
SII, Vol. VIII, Nos. 557, 572.
Adanur, Tirumayyam taluk.
Gift of lands excluding pallichchandam etc., temple.
PSI, No. 623, line 3.
32. Karaiyur, Tirumayyam taluk.
Pallichchandam land in Karaiyür.
PSI, No. 584, line 6.
to Siva

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Appendix - I
463
33. Kiranūr, Kaļāttür taluk.
Refers to a village Amaņkuļi. PSI, No. 198, line 6.
etc., to the
34. Kõttaiyūr, Tirumayyam taluk.
Gift of land excluding pallichchandam Vişnu temple, PSI, No. 798, line 7.
35. Kūdalūr, Tirumayyam taluk.
Endowment of land which excluded pallichchandam land,
PSI, No. 447, line 23.
36. Kunnaņdarkõil, Kuļattūr taluk.
Gift of land excluding passichchandam etc. PSI, No. 559, fine 12.
37. Ponnamarapati, Tirumayyam taluk.
Gift of land excluding passichchandam to the Choļēsvara temple. PSI, No. 578, line 7.
38. Tirukāgaranam, Ālanguời taluk.
Gift of land to the Kogarņēsvara temple which excluded some paļļichchandam land. PSI, No. 590, line 7.
39. Tirukkuļambūr, Tirumayyam taluk.
Gift of land excluding palsichchandam to Siva temple PSI, No. 588, line 3.

Page #486

464
Jaina Inscriptions in Tamilnadu
40. Tiruvaranguļam, Ālanguļi taluk.
Gift of lands excluding palsichchandam temple. PSI, No. 364, line 8.
etc., to Siva
41. Virachchilai, Tirumayyam taluk.
Grant of some lands to Siva temple which excluded the palsichchandam land. PSI, No. 463, lines 6 & 11.

Page #487

ABOUT THE PUBLISHERS.
RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR JAINOLOGY was established in 1982 through the unfted efforts of all sections of Jalna community. One of the objectives of the Foundation is to publish and to aid in publishing literature pertaining to Jainology.
The first project already fulfilled by the Foundation was establishment of a new Department of Jalnology in the University of Madras with an Endowment of Rs. 15 lakhs from the Foundation. The Department started functioning in full swing from the academic year 1986-87. The courses offered are: Certificate in Jalnology, Diploma in Jainology, M.A. Degree in Jalnology, M. Phil Degree in Jalnology and Ph.D. In Jainology.
As its next Project, the Foundation is proposing to establish a Campus in Polal (Red Hills Area) in the outskirts of Madras City. This campus will provide accommodation for students, professors and scholars, with Targe Library facilities. Accommodation will also be available to such of those noble-hearted souls who, Inspite of facilities in their homes, desire to stay in the Campus and spend the rest of their lives in Sadhana, meditation and service to the Foundation in any manner they like.
The ambition of the Foundation is to raise the above two Projects to levels of International eminence, for the up liftment of mankind and for world peace and fraternity.
The Foundation earnestly solicits the co-operation and assistance of one and all for the successful implementation of these noble Schemes.

Page #488
ATIONS ON FOR OUNDA CH FOU JAIN NOLO RESE OGY परम्परोपग्रहो जीवानाम NANAM MADRAS M PAYASAS ARAM அறிவே வெளி ளிச்சம்