________________ 358 Homage to Vaisali the city, and that the double-galleried vihara' where Buddha dwelt (i. e., the Kutagara) was in that forest. But inasmuch as the 'double galleried vihara" adjoined the monkey Tapk, that tank also must have been within the forest and without the city. The 'stupa of the last book,' which will be mentioned presently, stood outside the western gate, and it is impossible to locate this stupa if Bakhira be cosidered part of the city. The village of Kollua, or Kolbua, which is unfortunately not marked on the maps accessible to me, is close to the Monkey Tank, and probably represents apcient suburb Kollaga. The Monkey Tank group of remains may properly be forming part of that suburb. The site of Bakhira village lay, I should think, quite clear of the city. It is, however, quite possible that when Hiuen Tsiang estimated the circuit of the 'old foundations of the ruined city as measuring some twelve miles (60 or 70 li), he meant to include the Monkey Tank group of monuments. Excluding that group, the periphery of the walled city, as will presently be explained, seems to have amounted to about ten miles only. . "The third group of monuments described in detail by Hiuen Tsiang, consisted of four buildings distant more than half a mile (3 or 4 li) in a north-easterly direction from his temporary residence at the Sammatiya monastery. A stupa marked the reputed site of the house where the convert Vimalakirtti had lived, and close by a so-called 'spirit-dwelling in shape like a pile of bricks' preserved the memory of the spot where he had preached. A second stupa commemorated the residence of Ratnakara (Ratnakuta?), and a third monument of the same kind occupied the site of the residence of the celebrated courtezan Amrapali, whose hospitality Buddha bad not disdained to accept. The aunt of Buddha and other nuns were believed to have attained Nirvana at this spot. The monuments included in this group must bave been situated at or close to the site of the hamlet, now called Chak Abora. It seems to be possible that this game may preserve that of Amba-or Amrapali. Ambapura might easily pass into Abaura or Abora. This group of monuments was evidently inside the city walls. "The fourth group of buildings selected by Hiuen Tsiang for special notice is described by him with reference to a stupa situated to the north of the monastery where he lodged at a distance of about three-quarters of a mile (3. or 4 li). This stupa, which evidently was inside the walls, marked the spot where Buddha, attended by a crowd of men and angels, was believed to have balted for a moment before he passed out by the gate on his long journey to Kusinara and to death. : At a short distance to the north-west of this stupa, a similar monument, outside the walls,
