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INTRODUCTION.
out. As already mentioned (above p. iii) Jinadasagani's Córņi on the Nandigūtra was finished in 677 A.D., it is, of course, written in Prakrit. Haribhadra composed a commentary on the samo Sūtra, making use of the work of his predecessor; but he wrote it in Sanskrit, as well as his remaining commentaries on Sūtras. As we know of no older Sanskrit commentary on any Sūtra in Svetambara Literature, it is very probable thot the innovation was due to Haribhadra ; at least the new practice was firmly establishod by him, though it was further developed in the sequel. For according to Prof. Leumann (l.c. p. 582) Haribhadra commented on the text in Sanskrit, but retained the kathānakas and certain other parts of the Cūrni in the original Prakrit ; while Śilanka who flourished more than a century later, translates such passages also into Sanskrit.,
Haribhadra is omphatically the author of prakaranas in the technical meaning of the word; a prakarana is a systematic treatise in which the subject is exposed in a scientific form, urrlike the unsystematic, eithor diffuse or episodical, treatment of sdbjects in canonical books ; it may be in Prakrit, but as a rule it is in Sanskrit. This way of writing originated, of course, with the brahmans in whose Literature the models of it are to be found. The first instance of it in Jaina Literature is Umāsvāti's (or Umāsvāmin's) Tattvärthādhigamastītra, which is claimed as their own by both Svetambaras and Digambaras. The early Literature of the latter, who do not recognise the existent Siddhanta, consists largely in prakararas, , both in Prakrit and Sanskrit. But the first undoubtedly Şvetambara author of prakaranas, s8me of whose works have come down to us, is Siddhasena-divákara.. Haribhadra, who is removed from him, as shown above p.x., by two oro three generations at the utmost, raised this branch of Sšetambara Literature to high degroe of perfection. Though a few of these books of his are in Prakerit, the majority of them are in Sanskrit; they contain besides an exposition of the Jaina tenets, concise jnformation about, and discussions or refutation of the doctrines of opposite
Son Professor Loumann'slearned paper on Datsvaikälikasites and Nityakti; 2.D.M.G., vol. 48, p. 6818.
