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The charac
teristic indications.
(1) Time.
(2) Nature.
AN EPITOME OF JAINISM.
with one another on the substance (za) produce changes and variations in the same, regulate their manner of unfoldment and determine its growth, form and configuration as well. It is important, therefore, to dwell briefly on the charateristic indications (a) of these five-fold determining causes by virtue of which the self-existent Universe has been the permanent theatre of perpetual changes and diversities-a strange array of ever-occurring phenomena that bewilders us at every moment and turn of our life and thought.
(1) Time (a)-to begin with-is an aggregate of one dimension; of itself and from its very nature, it flows on uniformly revealing itself as it does in relation of sequence and seasons. Succession being thus the very property of time all changes are possible in time only.
(2) Nature (HI) is the natural or External environment of a thing or organism. It consists of the soil, the air, the water, the heat and the light. The growth of a plant may be referred to the seed which is the substantial (1217) cause of the plant and
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