________________
Introduction
distinguished by the zero which is prefixed to them, for instance: 27) 2 P "damayantiThe Editor has tried to be as faithful to the MSS, as possible: Apparent scribal errors are eliminated. The text is presented with a standardised orthography generally accepted in critically edited standard works in Sanskrit. The MSS. number the verses, including the quotations, chapter to chapter, but there is good deal of irregularity in their numbering. In this edition the verses are continuously numbered (at the beginning) in English numerals upto the end of the work. Each verse, at its end, is also numbered in Nagari afresh from chapter to chapter. The verses which are, or seem to be (as sometime hinted by the Translator), quoted are marked with asterisk on the earlier number. There are certain doubtful cases, whether they are quotations or not.
2. Dharmaratnakara
5
The Dharmaratnakara (DR), as its title indicates, is an ocean or a source of jewels of religious sayings. It is divided into twenty chapters and in all contains 1661 verses in different metres (see the Appendix No. 2). Its author is Jayasena. He refers to earlier dignitaries like Samantabhadra and Akalanka (554 also 1291). He is highly indebted to his predecessors for his ideas, expressions, similes, illustrations All this testifies to his vast reading, saturated learning and deep study of earlier works. Further, he has bodily incorporated a large number of verses from earlier authors, at times with the phrase ukta ca, but very often without any such indication. The editor has experienced great difficulty in star ring these verses. It is very rarely names of authors or works are mentioned. For instances, there is a reference to Umäsväti by his title Vacakamukhya (433); to Kalikala-sarvajña (295) whereby he designates not Hemacandra but Somadeva, the author of the Yasastilaka-campa; to Aradhana (1548), a Sanskrit text; to Gunabhadra (224); to Sivadharma (588); to Samayantara (134 f.) etc. That he is including the stanzas composed by himself as well as others is perhaps indicated by him in his observation (1647):
सद्गन्धाय समुल्लसन्तु सुधियामाह्लादनयोच्छ्वसन् तत्सूत्राणि वचांसि भूवचसुधामामेषु पुष्पाणि यः ( ? ) । इत्ये तैरुपनीतचित्र रचनैः स्वैरन्यदीयेरपि भूतोदद्यगुणैस्तथापि रचिता मालेव सेयं कृतिः ॥
It has not been possible for the editor to spot the sources of all the verses starred as quotations (may be that some of them are composed by the author himself). As indicated in the Index of verses, it will be seen that Jayasena has availed himself of a large number of verses from the Ratnakaraṇḍaka of Samantabhadra, Atmanusasana of Gunabhadra (c. 890 A. D), Puruşartha-siddhy upaya of Amṛtacandra, Yasastilakacampu of Somadeva (A. D. 959).
In addition to the Sanskrit verses composed by himself or taken over from others, there are in this work, some twenty seven Prakrit-Apabhramsa verses: 142-3, 290, 710, 717, 719, 740, 774, 867, 1204, 1223, 1231-42, 1268, 1282, 1359 and 1379. is quite possible that some of them are composed by the author himself.
2. Paramanand Jain: Anckanta. VIII, pp. 173-75; Kailashchandra Shastri : Jaina Samdesa, Sodhäńka 5, 26 and 28. It is claimed that Jayasena is indebted to the Tattvänusasana, see J. Mukthar's ed., Delhi 1963, Intro. p. 30.
