Concept of Pancasila in Indian Thaought

Author(s): Kamla Jain
Publisher: P V Research Institute Varanasi

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(virati-pariņāma) caused by destruction (kşaya), or suppression (upaśama) or destruction-cum-suppression (kşayopšama) of the cāritra mohaniya karman, i, e. karman of infatuation pertaining to cāritra. In this way the acquisition of cāritra takes place in three stages, that is (i) suppression (upaśama), (ii) partial suppression and partial destruction (kşayopaśama), and (iii) complete destruction (kşaya). Cāritra as understood in this sense includes all stages of caritra from cãritra starting as a base and cāritra in the stage of liberation, that is kṣāyika cāritra [comprising all the fourteen stages of spiritual development (gunasthānas)]? in which caritra actually begins with the fifth stage and ends up in the fourteenth. The stage in which cãritra is introduced, that is the fifth stage of spiritual development, is called deśa-virati śrävaka guṇasthāna, It is the stage where partial adoption of the vows takes place and which culminates in the fourteenth stage of spiritual development. Jaina texts reveal that it is because of the lack of completion of caritra that even in the thirteenth stage of spiritual development which is called the sayogin (one with yoga) kevalin gunansthānas, one is unable to attain complete salvation which is attained in the fourteenth stage, called ayogin (one without yogas) kevalin guṇasthāna. Here, the suffix ‘kevalin' (perfect in knowledge) is common to both the stages—thirteenth and fourteenth, but the difference in the two stages is that in the former yoga is present while in the latter yoga is eliminated. By 'yoga' is meant in Jaina system, as distinguished from Pātañjala Sūtras, activities of mind, speech and body, which hinder spiritual growth. Though at the thirteenth stage these activities are in a very nominal and subdued form, yet they are detrimental to the attainment of final liberation or the fourteenth stage. The fourteenth stage for such a person, however, is not in any way uncertain; he, who is already an omniscient, is sure to reach it, but for a short duration or 'sthiti', these yoga activities hinder
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