Concept of Pancasila in Indian Thaought

Author(s): Kamla Jain
Publisher: P V Research Institute Varanasi

Page 63

48 The Concept of Pancasila in Indian Thought substitute for it the opposite of such a desire, by reflecting and contemplating on the virtue and goodness of non-killingtor love and compassion.
In the next sūtral Patañjali tries to classify violence into various types which, it is pointed out, are suppressed only by ‘pratipakşabhāvanā'. According to him hiņsā is not only physically injuring someone; even asking someone to commit an act of himsā and to approve or appreciate such an act committed by some one is also regarded as himasā. In this way fundamentally himsā is of three types, kşta, kārita and anumodita, i. e. doing oneself, making someone else to do, and appreciating one who has done it. Now each of these three types of hiņsā can be further divided into three sub-types on the basis of the motive of himsā whether it is greed, anger or infatuation. Even, each of these, (greed, anger, and infatuation) is of three types, according to their intensity, i.e. mild, moderate and vehement; thus himsā can be of twenty seven varieties in all. Yet again, each of these twenty seven varieties is sub-divided as gentle, moderate and extreme. These are thus gently mild, moderately mild and extremely mild. Similarly, gently moderate, moderately moderate, and keenly moderate; likewise, gently keen, moderately keen and vehemently keen. Hence in this manner himsā can be of one hundred and eighty varieties.
This, however, is a moderate type of classification as Vyāsa points out. An extreme type of classification would proclaim himsă of innumerable varieties, because of specifications (niyama), options (vikalpa) and aggregations (samuccaya); or because of the fact that there are innumerable varieties among those who breathe the breath of life.2 1. वितहिंसादयः कृतकारितानुमोदिता लोभक्रोधमोहपूर्वका मृदुमध्याधिमात्रा दुःखाज्ञानानन्त फला इति प्रतिपक्ष भावनम् ।
-Păt. Yoga, 2.34. 2. Arafata fatica #HEATHTHAT I
- Vyasa's Comm. on Pät. Yoga, 2.34.