Concept of Pancasila in Indian Thaought

Author(s): Kamla Jain
Publisher: P V Research Institute Varanasi

Page 69

54 The Concept of Pañcasila in Indian Thought in one hundred and eight types. This classification is very clear and comprehensive, it enables a person to make a proper scrutiny of his own conduct, he can with such an analytical method make out distinctly his own defect or failing and that how far he himself is responsible in a particular act of violence which may sometimes be caused by external factors. But the classification is incomplete, since it does not refer to the degree of intensity of the passions. When the degrees of intensity of the motives are also taken into consideration, the types of violence amount to four hundred and thirty two. There are four degrees of intensity of motives. The first stage of intensest passions of anger, conceit, crookedness and greed is called anantānubandhi (i. e. obstructions in the right attitude). The second stage of a little less intense motives is called apratyā. khyāni (obstructions in the partial discipline of the house-holder), the third stage is still less intense and is called pratyākhyānāvaraņa (obstructions in the complete discipline of the monks), and the last stage is the mildest of all called samjualana (obstructions in attainment of liberation).
In the first stage of 'anantānubandhi' these motives (or anyone of them) are so overwhelming that a man loses his alertness altogether and he does not even possess the right attitude (or samyaktva) which is basic in spiritual enhancement. At the stage of 'apratyākhyāni' his motives are a little less intense but still he is not in a position to develop right conduct, in spite of the fact that he has acquired right attitude. At the third stage of 'pratyākhyānāvaraṇa' the passions are milder, and he adopts, though only partially, the right conduct which he lacks in the second stage, he adopts at this stage the partial vows of the laity. At the last stage of "samjvalana' the passions are in the mildest form, which are fleeting and 1. Traffarati fi: Farůariad Tai शतमष्टाधिकं ज्ञेयं हिंसा भेदैस्तु पिण्डितम् ।।
- Jõānārņava, 1.8.10. 2. Sthān. 4.249; Paņņa. 14.