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Avoidance of Intoxicants and Non-Possession
233
and (ii) the householder should try to reduce even the limited possessions, wherein lies the essence of aparigraha.
The five transgressions given in the Ratnakarandaírāvakācāra are : (1) Keeping a much larger number of vehicles than required, (2) accumulating unnecessary or even necessary articles in a large quantity, (3) expressing wonder and happiness at the pomp and property of another, (4) excessive greed, (5) over-loading of animals. These five faults point out a little more rigidity of the Digambaras in comparison with the Švetāmbaras, as the third fault points out that a householder is supposed to abstain from expressing wonder and happiness at the pomp and property of another, which is not included in the Svetāmbara list of the aticāras. The fifth fault of the overloading of animals however is actually a transgression of the vow of non-violence rather than that of aparigraha.
Aparigraha of the laity, thus, is the least parigraha, like the least violence, the least falsehood, etc. Not only this, the sixth and seventh precepts of the householder called 'diśāparimāņa vrata' and 'upabhoga-paribhoga parimāņa vrata' of the twelvefold list of the vows of the householder are to be included in this vow, because they too refer to the limitation of desires pertaining to movement from place to place and to objects worth using.
So far as the concept of 'dāna' is concerned, it is a significant aspect of the moral behaviour of the householder. In the twelvefold list of vows of the householder, the twelfth vow of ‘atithisamavibhāga' (i.e, taking the vow of keeping equal share of food and other necessary requisites for the guests, especially the monks and the nuns), which can to some extent be assimilated with this vow of non-possession in the fivefold scheme of primary vows, fundamentally implies the concept of dāna. Dāna to monks and nuns is specially rewarding according to 1. 3faFarfangeRUSTHITHTAA
offwayfruert a faciat: 47 erfra I -Ratnak. Śrā. 62.
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