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The Concept of Pancasila in Indian Thought
the Jainas. Even at certain other places, the importance of dāna is obvious. It constitutes the first among the four religious practices.1 It is said that dāna to one who deserves it is but righteousness or dharma, so it is rewarding. 2 The Tirthamkaras start giving in charity one year before they are ordained. Further, the Daśavaikālika points out that one who gives in charity without thinking of any reward, and also one who takes anything without attachment will reap good fruits in the next life,4 Dana, therefore, has its due place, but the emphasis laid on aparigraha is unique in Jainism. And the difference between the two however should remain clear; that is, the main figure in dana is the 'object', while that in aparigraha is the 'subject', the essence of which is 'icchāparimāṇa'.
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Buddhism
In Buddhism the fifth precept is not 'aparigraha', yet it has got its significance in many ways, just as in Jainism abstinence from intoxicants occupies a prominent place, even though it is not included among the five precepts. However, for the monks the vow of aparigraha or non-possession is even more explicit and distinct than for the laity. In the ten sikkhapadas for the monks in Buddhism occurs a precept called 'jāta rūpa rajata patiggahana virati.' This means that the monk is to abstain from accepting gold and silver and money. If he does not abstain, i. e. if he collects money and gold and silver, or asks others to do so, or uses that which has already been accumulated, he is accused of
दाणं सील च तवो भावो एवं चउव्विहो धम्मो । – Sapta. 96.
-Sāvaya. 91.
धम्मं सरू वे परिणवs चाउ वि पत्तहं दिष्णु । संवच्छरण होहिति अभिक्खमणं तु जिणवरिंदीणं । तो अत्थि संपदाणं पव्वत्ती पुव्वसूराओ । -Acar. 2.23.112.
4. दुल्लहा हु मुहादाई, मुहाजीवी वि दुल्लहा
मुहादाई मुहाजीवी, दो वि गच्छंति सुग्गई ।
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5. जातरूपरजतपटग्गहणा वेरमणी सिक्खापदं समादियामि ।
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-Dasav. 5.100.
-Khu. Patha, Dasasikkāpadas.
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