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148 The Concept of Pancasila in Indian Thought
brahmacarya a well-read monk or a 'Vinayadhara' explains certain facts about sex and the beauty of women etc. in order to condemn sexuality, his act would not be considered contrary to celibacy, nor would he be accused of any offence.
In the descending order comes another offence called thullaccaya; this is an offence not existent in the Pätimokkha code, though it is frequently available in the Vinaya. Under this come the offences1 like performing surgical operations etc. upon the secret parts of the body or touching breasts of the opposite sex, or constantly looking at their sexual organs or homosexuality of a comparatively minor form or taking. hot water bath which stimulates sex.
Still less severe offence called pacittiya" includes offences like having appointments with women, getting the undergarments washed by nuns, travelling on high roads or in boat with a woman or a Bhikkhuni by special appointments,. without the permission of Samgha.
The mildest offence called dukkata3 refers to indulgence in passions of a still milder form such as climbing a tree with a woman or having pleasure trips with her in a boat, passing remarks about the dresses of women or touching a female animal with a lustful mind or matchmaking etc. Such minor acts, it seems, have been called offences in the Vinaya, because they may lead to actual violation of the proper precept of complete celibacy.
For all these offences ranging from the gravest to the mildest the punishments are inflicted upon the monk only after collecting sufficient evidence against him. Before closing. the discussion, however, one remark should be made, i. e. though system and orderliness has been observed in categoriz
1. Pārājika, pp. 36-39.
2. Pacittiya (Bhikkhu-Vibhanga), Nos. 26-28, 30.
3. Pārājika, pp. 182-84, 187.
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