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COMPENDIUM OF JAINISM
perfection of vows to the twelfth stage of destroyed delusion. Even among the ascetics, it arises only in those who advance spiritually higher and higher. Clairvoyance can be possessed by Devas, infernal beings, human beings and animals. The difference between the two is based on the distinctions between the possessors.17
It may be of great interest to mention that even in the West the phenomena of extra-sensory perception like clairvoyance, telepathy, precognition and mediumship have been accepted as facts by psychologists like McDougall. Prof. H. H. Price says that evidence for clairvoyance and telepathy is abundant and good' Dr. Rhine has done good work in extra-sensory perception. He says that extra-sensory perception in the form of clairvoyance and telepathy is an actual and demonstrable occurence. It is not à sensory phenomenon.18
Kavala jñāna is omniscience. A soul in its pure and liberated state can comprehend all substances in all forms or modes. Umāsvāmi has stated that omniscience extends to all substances and all their modes simultaneously. 19 Everything comes within the purview of omniscience. The various kinds of jñāna enumerated and discussed so far point out to the fact that this kind of jñāna is progressive development of knowledge. Omniscience is the final point which is reached by knowledge when it is free from all kinds of Karmic veils. The perception of an omniscient self is not produced by the sense organs, and hence it can know supersensory objects. It is not produced in succession but simultaaneously and hence it cognises all the objects of the universe at one and the same time since it is beyond the limitations of space and time. The omniscient self is pure and perfect and hence, it cannot be tainted by the imperfections of sensory and mental condition. The past and future are perceived by the omniscient not as present, but as past and future. Hence no question of illusion arises. The omniscient knows the past existing in the past and the future as existing in the future. Because of the complete destruction of the obscuring veils of Karma, the cognition of the omniscient.... is derived direcrly from the self, independently of any media of the external senses and mind.20
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