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of all carnal contact; that in moral sense the calin of the soul is disturbed by the increase of the passions of love and hate; and that in a physical sense the sexual act is always accompanied by himsā.28 Hemachandra has quoted from Vātsyāyana's Kāmasūtra to support the latter view. From the earliest days of Jainism there is evidence for an almost obsessional horror of incest.29
There are five (aticāras) transgressions of this vow noted by Samantabhadra : i) A house holder should abstain from bringing about the marriages of other's children (anyavivāhakaraṇa). It is the duty of a house holder to arrange for themarriage of his children. There is no fault if one regards such marriage
remonies and not as arrangements of copulation. ii) Toying or caressing with the parts of the body like the breasts, arm-pits of the female (anangakridā) iii) Finding pleasure in the sensual activities of eunuches dressed in female attire; iv) Excessive inclination for enjoyment of sensual pleasures (vipulatļşāticāra); v) Frequently visiting or having conversation or dealings with, or observing bodily attractions of, a prostitute. He who wants to observe this vow both in letter and in spirit must studiously avoid all occasions of meeting women in privacy and talking of matters which are likely to stir feelings of sexual or sensual contact.
Siddhašena Ganin has been more precise in classifying sexua intercourse (maithuna) as animate (sacetana) and inanimate (acetana). The first has reference to 1) intercourse of a man with a woman (celestial, human or animal); 2) of man with another man; it includes masturbation as well as homosexuality: 3) masturbation by a woman with some artificial phallus. The latter one (acetana) refers to acts of man satisfying his sexual desires with the statue of woman (celestial, human, or animal) fashioned in plaster, wood, stone, or leather, or in the from of a painting. 30
All Jaina philosophers have been unanimous in condemning breach of the vow of celibacy as leading to commission of various kinds of sins. It is a sin against one's self not only
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