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COMPENDIUM OF JAINISM
These internal austerities are intended to purify the mind with a view to attain greater concentration and meditation on the nature of the self. There cannot be real meditation unless the mind is rid of all sloth, indifference and carelessness. The first relates to an open and frank confession before a Guru of all lapses, transgressions, breaches of vows and rules of conduct; after confession, there should be real repentance accompanied by a determination not to allow such lapse or breach to be committed again through negligence or otherwise. Repentance is sure to arouse one's consciousness, vigilance and alertness in future speech or conduct. It virtually amounts to an act of self-condemnation. If the Guru suggests any precautions to be taken in any particular matter, that must be accepted with reverence and observed in practice. The second austerity requires development of humility and respect towards the Jaina, the Guru and the scriptures. The mundane and outward consequences of vinaya are wide recognition, friendship, respect, grace of Guru, obedience of the command of Jina and destruction of ill-will, while the inward and supermandane fruits of vinaya are ease in self-restraint, penances, acquisition of knowledge, purification of the self, emergence of the feeling of gratitude, simplicity, commendation of other man's qualities, the destruction of conceit and lastly the attainment of emancipation. 18 The third austerity of rendering service to other ascetics has already been explained.
. Svădyaya is self-study and study of the scriptures not only to enhance one's own knowledge of the scriptures but also to achieve firmer faith in the validity of the Jaina doctrines. Renunciation is both external and internal, of all material objects and of internal passions including the feeling of egoism.
Dhyana or meditation is of vital importance for attainment of emancipation. It is of four fiinds : 1) árta-dhyāna refers to contemplation of past associations which cause distress, pain and suffering. It occurs in the perverted and vascillating minds who are partially disciplined in the vows and austerities; 2) raudradhyāna occurs in the case of those ascetics whose mind is not stil] free from passions, anger, hiṁsā, falsehood, propagation of false
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