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COMPENDIUM OF JAINISM
rungs of the ladder (pratimās); 3) dātavya or dravya refers to pure food, medicine, books and protection (abhaya); 4) dānavidhi consists, according to the Digambaras, of nine elements : pratigraha or welcoming an ascetic on seeing him at a distance with the words : solutations to thee, kindly stop (namo stu tiştha); then offering him a seat of honour (ucca-sthana); washing his feet with reverence (carana kşālana); then worshipping him with flowers, waving of lanp and other articles of worship (arcaná); and then making him salutations (praņāma). The offering of food should then be made with purity of mind, speecli and body (triyogit- suddhi). The giver must be possessed of faitli, devotion, contentment, zeal, discrimination, disinterestedness and forbearance.14
The Svetāmbaras regard dāna as conditioned by five factors : deśa or place, meaning whether the place produces rice or wheat or other cereals or pulses; kāla, that is whether it is a period of famine or abundance; śraddiā; the giver must have purity of mind and faith: satkāra receiving the guest with due respect and attention; and Krama refers to serving of food in due order, rice or rice gruel is offered first.4. Apart from the four kinds of of offerings in vogue with the Digambara, the Svetāmbaras recognise the offer of clothes, blankets, alms howl, jugs etc. by approaching the ascetic at his lodging, inviting him to his louse, offering him a respectable seat and giving him food and drink.
Samantabiadra mentions that the fruits of dâna 10 un ascetic consist in the purging of the karmas and birth in a noble family with wealth, heauty and prestige. The Svetāmbaras do not seem to regard this kind of reincarnation as having any special connection with dana. 4,0 Anitacandra is of opinion that gift of food brings about curtailment of greed and renunciation of himsā as greed itself is a form of himsā.
How much of one's property should be devoted to dāna has been discussed by Devasena. According to him, the property should be divided into six parts, each part being appropriated for the dharma, upkeep of the family, for bhoga (luxuries), for
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