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GUNA -STHANAS
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6) Parmatta-virata
In this stage, the person has right faith and exerts to follow all the rules of conduct. Even though the thought activity is one of destruction and subsidence of almost all the karmic matter, yet the observance of the vows in a perfect manner is prevented due to the operation of the little karmic matter and of the minor passions which have escaped destruction. The samjvalana kaşāyas are passions that prevent the perfect-right-conduct from attaining perfection. They are anger, pride, deceit and greed. The nokaņāyas or minor passions which similarly cause obstruction are nine : laughter, indulgence, ennui, sorrow, fear, disgust, inclination towards women (stri-veda), inclination towards men (purușa--veda) and inclination towards the neutre (napumsakaveda). It is on account of these passions which still remain undestroyed fully that there is carelessness or imperfection in the observance of the vows. Hence the name pramāda or careless error in virata (vow). There is effort on the part of the person to control himself in his observance of the vows, but he is hindered by desires and impulses as the renunciation of attachment to wolrdly objects is not complete. This is virtually the stage for an ascetic.
A saint or an ascetic in this stage possesses all the twentyeight essential primary qualities (mūla-guņas) which a saint even in the lowest stage possesses. He performs his usual duties like teaching, preaching the scriptures, reading and writing books and looks after the discipline and conduct of his pupils. Carelessness may occur by way of censurable talk relating to women, food, politics, or the king, or control of passions, sleep and attachments, that is moha and sneha (delusion and affection). The conduct of a Muni in this stage is remarkable for its absence of negligence.
7) Apramatta-virata
The soul of a person who has reached this stage of spiritual development is free from the infirmities of the 6th stage and is absorbed in spiritual contemplation. When the perfect-right --
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