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COMPENDIUM OF JAINISM
deceit and greed. Each of these has four sub-divisions and conduct which is affected by them leads to endless cycle of worldly existence. The four sub-divisions are: anantānubandhin or that Karma which extends to the duration of entire life; apratyākhyānā varaṇa or the non-preventable emotion of any of the passions; Pratyakhyānāvarana or preventable or controllable passions; Samjvālana or flaring up of passion but controllable by self-discipline. The duration of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th kinds of Karmas is respectively one year, four months and fifteen days. The degrees of strength of Kaṣayas are illustrated by examples. The four species of anger are to be likened unto a line drawn in stone, in earth, in dust and in water. The first can be removed with great effort, each following one always more easily. Likewise also, the life-long enduring anger is only combated in its effect with exceeding strength and difficulty while the effect of the three remaining species accordingly diminishes in power and can therefore, also more easily be destroyed. The degrees of pride are to be likened unto a pillar of stone, a bone, a piece of wood, and the liana of a Dalbergia ougeinensis; the inflexibility correspondingly decreases. The species of deceitfulness are to be compared to a bamboo-root, the horn of a ram, the urine of a cow, and a piece of wood. The crookedness of each of these is removed more and more easily than in the preceding one. (The zig-zag line of the cow's urine disapears through the influence of wind and weather.) The degrees of greed correspond to scarlet colour, to greater or smaller dirt, and to a spot of turmeric, which soil a garment: the scarlet is hardly removable, the dirt with more or less trouble, and the spot of turmeric can be removed with ease.12
The Nokaṣayas (non-passions)
The six non-passions are: (1) hāsya, laughing or joking, (2) Rati; improper and confirmed prejudicial liking, (3) arati, improper and confirmed prejudical disliking, (4) śoka-sorrow, (5) bhaya, fear, (6) jugupsa, disgust, All these six are CăritraMohaniyas, because the soul which is subjected to them, is hindered through them in the practice of right conduct. These
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