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COMPENDIUM OF JAINISM
These virtually cover the entire field of ethics and spiritual practices which lead to liberation of the soul. They will be discussed later.
The Anga-nama-Karma is of various kinds relating to the different parts of the body like the head, chest, back, arms, stomach and feet. The Upanga-nāma-Karma refers to the five senses and parts of the main organs e.g. forehead, skull, palate, cheek, chin, teeth, lips, etc. The forms of the Nāma Karma relate to the formation of sinew, ligatures, shape of limbs, their proportion, the colour of the body, the qualities of touch and the condition of existence, etc. There are twenty-one kinds of Prakrti-nāma-Karma which relate to the nature of quality and peculiarities of the body.
Gotra-Karma
Gotra-Karma is the third kind of non-destructive Karma which determines the status of the family, nationality, etc. Modern biologists accept the theory of heredity as a factor operating in the life of human beings and animals. The status determining Karinas are of two kinds : the one determines the high status and the other low status.23 Owing to the former, individual takes birth in a · noble family of high prestige and respectability. The other is responsible for birth in a low family where fame and prestige are unknown.
Umāsvāmi has said that censuring others, self-praise, being oblivious to the good qualities in others and proclaiming noble qualities which are not present in oneself cause the influx of Karmas which lead to birth in a low status.24 There are many people who are blind to good qulities and virtues in others. They boast of themselves as the paragons of virtue and indulge in undue praise of themselves. Censuring others is a vice, vaingloriousness is equally so. On the other hand, the opposite qualities like modesty, humility and appreciating what is noble in others, etc, cause influx of Karmas which lead to birth in a family of high status.25 Saluting the virtuous is humility. Modesty, inspite of learning, wealth and power, discloses absence of egotism and haughtiness,
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