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COMPENDIUM OF JAINISM
ethics. The observance of these vows will put a stop to many of of the evil propensities of the five senses and check the rise of of passions.
Samitis are of five kinds. They enjoin carefulness and restraint on conduct and behaviour. Tryā-samiti consists in the exercise of care while walking. It requires the use of only that path which is trodden by men and beasts. The use must be in a manner as not to cause any harm or injury to any creature like ants or insects. Bhāṣā-samiti requires exercise of carefulness in talk. The speech should be gentle, useful and beneficial. Harshness, rudeness, satire, bitterness, etc. ought to be eliminated from our talk with others. Eşaņa-samiti requires observance of care in receiving alms so as not to contravene other rules of conduct. Ādāna-nikșepa requires exercise of care in receiving and keeping things necessary for religious exercises after examination of the place on which they are to be kept. The last one is Utsaraga-samiti. It requires one to be careful in the choice of a place for answering the calls of nature or throwing out other discharges in. One ought to choose an unfrequented place free from insects, etc.
The Guptis are restraints relating to activities of the body, . mind and speech. One has to be careful while walking or otherwise moving the body. That is Kāya-gupti. Vag-gupti requires the exercise of restraint over the tongue. One has to be restrained in speech so as not to utter words will hurt others. The third one is Mano-Gupti which requires mental restraint. One should not allow the mind to wander over subjects which are harmful or unhealthy.
Dharma is religion requiring observance of ten virtues or rules of conduct. They are necessarily qualified by the term uttama to distinguish them from what is ordinarily understood. It brings out the superior nature of these virtues. They are : Uttama kumā or supreme forgiveness, Uttama Mārdava or supreme humility, Uttama Arjava or supreme straight-forwardness, Uttama Satya or supreme truthfulness, Uttama Sauca or
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