Pathik 1989 Vol 29 Ank 10

Author(s): K K Shastri and Other
Publisher: Mansingji Barad Smarak Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535345/1

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sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa smAraka TrasTa - saMcAlita taMtrI maMDaLa : varSa 29 muM a'ka 10 me saM. 2046 sana 1990 julAI, MAS che. ke. kA. zAstrI che, nA. ke. bhaTTI De, sau. bhAratI bahena zelata [ itihAsa-purAtattvanuM eka mAtra gujarAtI mAsika ] Adya taMtrI : sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa saurASTranI lakulIzanI be apragaTa pratimAo (miyANI ) (dhU malI ) gujarAta rAjyanA purAtatvakhAtAnA rajata jayaMtI varSanI ujavaNI nimite yojAyela "saurASTapravAsa daramyAna uparyukta pratimAo jovAnI taka maLI. A mAMnI prathama pratimA miyANI (tA. kalyANapura, ji. jAmanagara ) gAmanA nIlaka Tha mahAdevanA prAcIna maMdiramAM AvelI che, jayAre bIjI pratimA ghumalI(tA. bhANavaDa, ji. jAmanagara ), navalakhA maMdiranI UMcI pIThanA gavAkSamAM mUkelI che.' bhagavAna lakulIza zivane avatAra manAya che ane zivano aThThAvIsame avatAra kAyAvarohaNa (kAravaNa, ji vaDodarA ) nAmanA sthaLe thaze ema vAyupurANamAM jaNAvyuM che. uparAMta kUrmapurANa (khaMDa 1, a 53, zya. 10), liMgapurANa (a. 24, zyA. 124-34), sakaMdapurANa (khaMDa pa, a. 82, lA. 48-63), kAraNamAhAbhya (gaNakArikA, pari. 4, pR. 37) vageremAM bhagavAna lakulIza ane pAzupata saMpradAya vizenA ulekha jovA maLe che.? For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhagavAna lakulIza pAte prava'tAvelA sapradAyanA pradhAna deva tarIke pujAtA ane ene! pracAra samasta bhAratavaSa mAM thayA hatA, jenuM prasAraNu gujarAtamAM paNa thayeluM. sAlakI yuganA rAjAe pAzupata sa'pradAmanA anuyAyIo havAthI gujarAtamAM A sa'pradAyane lagatAM aneka maDhe ane madirA badhAyelAM.4 lakulIzanA avatAra aMgenA aitihAsika purAvA paNa maLe che. sitrA prazasti (I. sa. 1207vi, sa 1343)mAM ziva lakulIza-rUpe kArrahaNamAM rahetA hovAnuM kahyuM che. ekaliMgajI pAsenA nAtha maMdiranA vi. sa. 1028 (i. sa971)nA zilAlekhamAM ziva lakulIzarUpe bhRgukacchamAM avataryAnuM jaNAvyuM che, jyAre vAsudevanA samAntara lakulIzanA janmanAM purANAmAM lakulIza I sa. pUrve khIjA saikAmAM thatuM jaNAvyuM che, mathurA-zilAlekha gupta savata 61 I. sa. 380-81)mAM be zivaliMganI prati! karanAra A uditAcArya lakulIzanA cAra ziSyA paikI kuzikathI dasamI peDhIe thayA hatA, eTale ke lakulIzanA ziSyanI dasamI peDhIne puruSa vidyamAna hatA. peDhI dITha pacIsa varSe gaNavAmAM Ave te kuzikanA samaya lagabhaga 130 (isa. 380250)te Ave. enI eka peDhI pahelAM lakulIza gaNAya, arthAt lakulIza I. sa. khIjA zatakanA pahelA caraNamAM vidyamAna Aya evA sabhava lAge che.pa lakulIzanI pratimAne lagatAM vidhAna vizvakarmA-vAstuzAstra nAmanA zilpazAstranA pra thamAMthI maLe che. AmAM bhagavAna ziva padmAsanavALI meDelA, Urdhva-medra, be hAtha paikI ekamAM mAtula`ga ane khIjAmAM 'Da dhAraNa karelA batAvyA che. bhAratamAM lakulIzanI pratimAe maMdira ane myujhiyame mAM sacavAyelI jovA maLe che temAM mathurA myujhiyama (5 mI sadI), IlerA (8 mI sadI), ajamera ane Indora myujhiyama (11 mI sadImAM) jaLavAyelI che," gujarAtamAMthI paNa lakulIzanI pratimAo maLI AvI che kAravaNunI lakulIzanI e prAcIna pratimA sainya pratimAo tarIke pUrjAya che. IDAmAMthI prApta lakulIzanI 8 mI sadInI pratimA nAMdhapAtra che. banAsakAMThA jillAnA vAva gAmanA kapilezvara mahAdevanA maMdiramAMnA ane vAdarAnA mAMjalapura vistArathI prApta pratimA tathA amadAvAdanA bhadrakAlI maMdira vistAramAM khAdakAma karatAM maLelI ane hAla purAtattva khAtAnA sa`grahamAM surakSita pratimA 11 mA saikAnI hovAnuM manAya che9 A uparAMta bahuja, avAlakha (ji vaDAdarA), pAvAgaDha, DhAvI (ji. bharUca), seAmanAtha pATaNanI e pratimAo (11--12 mI sadI), kha'bhAta, aTALiyA (ji. bhAvanagara), pAlanapura vagere sthaLoethI lakulIzanI nAnImeATI pratimAe prApta thaI che. 10 atre prastuta pratimA miyANI gAmanI pazcima bAju UMcA TekarA para Avela nIlagna'Tha mahAdevanA prAcIna maMdiranA aDAvaranA dakSiNa bAjunA bhadra-gavAkSamAM AvelI che. ahIM bhagavAna lakulIza pUrNa vikasita kamaLanA Asana para padmAsana vALIne birAjamAna che. e hAthamAM dhAraNa karela lakuTa(daMDa nA uparanA bhAga DAbA khabhA para jaLavAyelA spaSTa joI zakAya che. DAbA hAyamAM dhAraNa karela mAliMganA nIcete bhAga sacavAyelA jovAmAM Ave che, pratimAne mukhanAga ghasAyelA che, mastaka para gU caLAvALA kreza tathA nAnu uSNIya che, mastakanI pAchaLa 'te bAju padmapatranuM Alekhana che. lAMbA krAna anee 'khAkAra gaLAmAM meTA maNukAnI mALA mAMdhapAtra che. pratimAnA vRkSa:sthaLa para zrIvatsatu cittu spaSTa najare paDe che. nAbhinI samAntara nIcetA bhAtramAM Umedrane dhasAyele bhAga jovA maLe che. kamaLanA AsananI AgaLa DAkhI bAju mukha rAkhIne nadinI AkRti kheDelI che. A pratimAnI keTalIka bAbato neAMdhapAtra cheH (1) padmanA Asana pAse nadi nAnu` zilpa. (2) vRkSa:sthaLamAM zrIvatsatu cihna, je gujarAtamAMthI prApta lakulIza pratimAemAM bhAgyeja jovA maLe che. kapilezvara [anusa'dhAna pA. 4 mUDImAM] For Private and Personal Use Only

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Ai taMtrI : sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa taMtrI-maMDaLa() vArSika lavAjama : dezamAM rU.30/ Bke. kA. zAstrI () videzamAM rU, 111/- chUTaka rU. 4pathika' pratyeka aMgrejI maha... . nAnI 15 mI tArIkhe prasiddha thAya che. De. nAgajIbhAI bhaTTI, 3, De. bhAratIbahena zelata che. pachInA 15 divasamAM aMka na- varSa ra0 muM ASADha, saM. 2046H julAI, sana 1990 [aMka 10 maLe te sthAnika posTa ophisamAM likhita phariyAda karavI ane anukrama enI nakala ave mokalavI. saurASTranI lakulIzanI be che. rAmabhAI sAvaliyA mu. pR. 1 - pathika sarvopayogI vicAra ! apragaTa mUrtio bhAvanA ane jJAnanuM mAsika che. jIvanane urdhvagAmI banAvatAM virATu. vaMza zrI karaNasiMha ge. cUDAsamA 3 abhyAsapUrNa ane ziSTa sAhityika mahamUdazAha trIjo zrI zaMbhuprasAda ha. desAI ka lakhANene svIkAravAmAM Ave che. kacchanuM patrakAratva zrI saMjaya pI. ThAkara 13 0 prasiddha thaI gayelI kRtine pharI che. Ane yammI : dharmavicAra anu. : zrI. deveza bhaTTa 18 prasiddha karavA mATe na mokalavAnI 18 mI sadInA gujarAtane duSkALA De. jayakumAra zukala 26 lekhakoe kALajI rAkhavI, 0 kRti sArA akSare zAhIthI ane rASTrane svAtaMtra saMgrAma . zrI dAjIsiMha zivasiMha vAghelA 31 kAgaLanI eka ja bAjue lakhelI ' ane mahesANA jile hevI joIe. kRtimAM koI anya - vinaMti bhASAnAM avataraNa mAM hoya vArSika grAhakoe pitAnuM ke potAnI saMsthA koleja yA te ene gujarAtI tarajame zALAnuM lavAjama rU. 30/- hajI na kahyuM hoya te satvara Apa jarUrI che. ma.e.thI mekalI ApavA hArdika vinaMti. saranAmAmAM gALa o kRtimAMnA vicAronI valamAM pahelA aMka kavA mAsathI grAhaka thavAnuM kahe javAbadArI lekhakanI raheze. che. e mAsa pahelA lavAjama maLavu amISTa che. 2 "pathikana prasiddha thatI kRti- | enA vicAro-AbhaprAya sAthe agAunAM lavAjama eka ke ekathI vadhu varSanA bAkI che temAM paNa saMveLA mekalI ApavA kRpA kare. aMka hAthamAM Ave e gALAmAM taMtrI sahamata che ema na samajhavuM. 0 asvIkRta kRti pAchI meLava lavAjama mokalo ApanAre AvA vartulana dayAnamAM na levA vinaMti. vA jarUrI TikiTa AvI haze "pathikanA AzrayadAtA rU. 1001/-thI ane AjIvana sahAyaka te tarata parata karAze. 0 namUnAnA aMkanI nakala mATe | | rU. 301/-thI thavAya che. bheTa tarIke paNa rakama svIkAravAmAM 8-50nI TikiTa mekalavI. Ave che. sva. zrI. mAnasaMgajIbhAInA ane "pakinA cAhakone pathika kAryAlayanA nAmanA ma.e. ke DrAphaTathI mokalI ApavA vinaMti. ma.o. DrAphara patro lekhe | A chellI be prakAranI tema rU. 50 thI laI AvatI vadhu bheTanI pathika kAryAlaya, madhuvana, elisabrija amadAvAda-380006 rakama anAmata ja rahe che ane enuM mAtra vyAja ja vaparAya che. julAI/1990 For Private and Personal Use Only

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itihAsa eka acchA zikSaka, mArgadarzaka che. atItanI eka AkhI peDhI jIvananI pAyAnI vaNa bAbatene AdhAre bharyuM bharyuM jIvI gaI ! 1. bhUtakALanuM gaurava 2. vartamAnanI pIDA 3. bhaviSyanuM svapna sAMpratamAM jIvatA ApaNA sau upara AvanArI peDhInI anAgata javAbadArI che. ApaNe itihAsa pAsethI mana-buddhi-nI AMkha khullI rAkhI kaI bhaNuM zakIe ? kAna khullA rAkhI ItihAsa pAsethI mArgadarzana meLavI zakIe ? jIvI zakIe? A dizAnA prayatna karIe to AvanAro samaya ujajavaLa che. saujanyaH - ekasela InDasTrIjha, li. 62 rUvAparI roDa, bhAvanagara-364001 Axel phena : 25322-23-24 julAI 1990 For Private and Personal Use Only

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virAT-va'za zrI. karNAsahu gA. cUDAsamA [RgvedanA 'puruSa-sUkta'mAM 'yAyAna puruSa" viSayamAM kahetI veLA samagra paMcamahAbhUtA ane eka pAda mAtra che ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che. A puruSamAMthI 'virAT' (sa. vittA zabdanI 1 lI viktinuM ekavacana vA)nI utpatti thaI. enne bhUmi ane zarIradhArIeAne sarajyAMka bhUmithI ahIM mAtra ApaNI A pRthvI ja nahi, paraMtu samagra brahmAMDa samajhavAM joiye. pRthvI paNa emAMnA eka sUkSma kaNa che. A pRthvInI utpatti keTalI jUnI ? vijJAna A viSyamAM bhAgaLa vadhyu che ane te aMdAje sADAcAra abaja varSono samaya AMkayo che. (jue 'ensAikalApIDiyA briTAnikA - zikAgA, I. sa. 1982 nI AvRtti, graMtha 5, pR. 513,) pRthvI upara mAnava-sadaza prANIone vikAsa keTalA junA samayamAM zarU thayelA e vize pRthvInA peTALamAMthI maLelA azmIbhUta avazeSo (fossils)nA abhyAsathI jANavAnuM saraLa banyu che. jenI 'druma-vAnara' (Driopithecus) saMjJA ApavAmAM AvI che tenA evA avazeSa pacIsa lAkhathI sAThe lAkha varSa vaccenA maLI AvyA che, jyAre jene 'pUrNa mAnava' kahI zakAya tevA( Home Sapiens )nuM mULa sADA traNu lAkha varSa jeTaluM jUnu' enA prApta azmIbhUta avazeSonA abhyAsathI jAvAmAM Avyu che, pa A pUrNa mAnavanA paNa vilaMbhanna raMbhede pAMca prakAra vAmAM AvyA che. AmAMnA traNanu mULa eziyAmAM che, jyAre enuM mULa AphrikAmAM che. eziyAmAM A 'gaurAMga'pItAMga' ane yAmAMga' che. AmAMnA gaurAMga ( Caucasoid) himAlayanA madhyabhAgathI lai menI yuropanI pUrva sarahade kALA samudrane IzAna khUNe jaI bhaLatI kresansa girimALA sudhInA vistAramAM vikasatA rahyA hatA, jyAre pItAMgA (Mongoloid) bhAratIya upakha`DanA pUrvAtha lai samagra pUrva eziyAmAM vikasatA rahyA hatA. trIjA zyAmAMgA (Australoid) vacce samudra dharAvatA bhAratIya upakha'DanA dakSiNa bhAgamAM tathA hiMdI mahAsAgara ane prazAMta mahAsAgaranA viSavavRttanI eka bAjunA dUMgAmAM vikasyA hatA. bhAratIya upakhaMDamAMnA madhyavatI' samudra sukAi jatAM (pauraNika gAthA pramANe agastya RSie samRdra pAna karatAM) dakSiNamAMnA zyAmamaMgeza bhAratIya upakha'DanA pAvatIya pradeze!mAM phelAtA rahyA ke jene mar3e Aje 'AdivAsI" (aborigins) kartiye chiye. bhAratIya upakha`DanI e eka naiSapAtra lAkSaNikatA che ke vaidika prAcIna kAlamAM paNa gaurAMga pItAMgA ane amAMgA samizrita thaI gayA hatA. saskRta bhASAmAM Aje vaNa' zabda jAti-jJAtivAcaka tarIke rUDha che, paNa ene asala azva te roMga' che ane e atyAre paNa e ` ApI rahyo che. 'puruSasUkta'mAM brAhmaNa kSatriya vaizya ane zUdra e sa'jJAthI cAra varNa kahevAyA che.cha saheja UMDA UtaratA 'dravaMza' 'sUryavaza' 'dadbhava'za' ApaNane bhAratIya upakha'DAMnA 'baurAMga' 'pIga' ane zyAmAMga'! saraLatAthI khyAla ApI zake ema che. A traNe vaNuM bhAratIya prajAmAM potapotAnI lAkSaNikatA jALavI rAkhatA ane chatAM saMmizrita thaI gayelA cheka brAhmaNa ti sudhImAM jovA maLe che, A raMgAnI sAcI saMjJA te daiva' 'mAnava' ane dAnava' che. mULamAM gaurAMga prajA triviSTapa (= TameTa), himAlayanI IzAnanI vastusthitie himAlayanA ja bhAgarUpatI hatI, bAkIDI pItAMga, caMdravaMzI bhAratIya prAcIna sAhityamAM pachIthI svargIvAsI devA' kahevAyA, jyAre caMdravaMzamAM tathA pathika julAI 1990 3 For Private and Personal Use Only

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? sUryavaMzamAM manuno saMbaMdha svIkAravAmAM Avela I gaurAMga ane pItoge te mAnava' kahevAyA, paraMtu zyAmaga dAna paNa "mAnava jAtimAM svIkArAI gayA. A saMjJA AgaLa vadhatI, uparanA traNe varSothI taddana judI, AphrikAnI kepiIDa ane kogeiDa prajAne mATe paNa "mAnava' saMjJA tarIke joke sarakhI svIkRta thaI gaI. puruSasUkatamAM virATrane samagra prANu jatanA AdipuruSa tarIke vyakta karavAmAM Avela che. bhAratIya rAjavazenA mULamAM paNa vitA ApaNe svIkAratA AvyA chiye. samagra sRSTiAtanA utpAdaka tarIke bhAratIya praNAlImAM brahmAne kahevAmAM AvyA che, paraMtu prAcIna upaniSademanA chelA tA. zvatara upaniSada(6-28)nA apavAde brahmAne patto lAgatuM nathI, eTale vaidika kALamAM 'virATuM e pahelA prajApati che. emane samaya te ApaNe kahI zakavAnI sthitimAM nathI. svAyaMbhuva manune agaNya samaya pachI ApaNe svIkAravAnA raheze. ahIM zrI. cUDAsamAe pitAnA abhyAsanA phalaravarUpe virATavaMza' tAravyA che tenI rajUAta karavAmAM AvI che. A vize kahevAnuM yathAsthAna Avaze. taMtrI ] 1. priyavrata-vaMza brahmAvarta mAM prathama baLavAna rAjavaMza-virAjathI ItirAsa zarU. AdiyuganA AdipuruSa vi. saM. pUrve 1499thI 11896-varSa 103 1 virAja-ka. brahmA 22 dhImAna 2 virATuM 27 mahAta 3 manu 24 manasya 4 priyavrata 25 tvaSTA 5 Andhra , 6 nAbhi 26 viraja 7 bASabhadeva 27 raja 28 zatajita 8 bharata 9 sumati 29 vizvati 10 idradyumna manunAM traNa saMtAna : priyavrata uttAnapAda 11 parameSThI (10) ane putrI devahUti. para pratihAra (11) A vaMzamAM ekavIsa brahmAo 13 pratiha (12) thayA, jeo prajApati kahevAyA. 14 dhruva prajApatinA putra mAMhenA saptarSi 15 ugItha (14) -marIci atri aMgarA pulatya 16 zvastara (15) pulaha jaMtu vasiSThAdithI brAhmaNa 17 pRtha ane kSatriyanA gotro-sUryavaMza 18 nA (17) -caMdravaMza--vijaya-vasa-yaduvaMza 19 gayA - puravaMza-videhavaMza pracalita 20 nara (19) thayA, Aja sudhI mejuda che. 21 virA (20) sanakAdika bhUgu AdinAM rira mahAvI] (21) gotra pracalita che. maricinA julAI 1990 pathi ??? ? (13). (18) For Private and Personal Use Only

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kazyapanI tera panIo paikI aditinA bAra putra Adi devAyA. 21 brahmA, 12 Aditya maLIne 33 devatAo dvArA mAnavasamAjanI saMskRtino uddabhava thaye. grAmanArIsamAja tetrIsa karoDa devatA AMgaNiye AvyA. virAja-vaMzanA samaya pachI sU-caM-vaMza AgaLa cAle e. itihAsane satayuga vi. saM. 5. 11896-99 [ DhipaNa: zrI. cUDAsamAe ApelI vaMzAvalI viSNupurANa ane bhAgavatamAM apAyelI vaMzAvalI sAthe sarakhAvatAM 2 aMkanA "virAne patto nathI lAgato. hakIkatamAM virATra' e AdipuruSa brahmA che ane enA putra svAyaMbhuva manu che. viSNupurANanI vaMzAvalI (1) (2) e vagerethI upara batAvavAmAM AvI che. 10 22 mahAvIrtha vi.pu. pramANe che, je bI. cUDAsamAnI yAdImAM nathI. AmAM saravALo 29 no sacavAI rahe che. 11 14 dhuva vi.pu.mAM 'bhava' 16 che. zvastara vi.pu.mAM prastAva' che. 19 nara cUDAsamA "nura" lakhe che, bhAgavatamAM "citraratha che. bhAgavatamAM (8) sumati, (8) devatAjita, (10) devaghukhta, () parameSThI, (12) pratIha, (13) aja, (14) ugItha, (15) prastAva, (16) vibhu, (17) pazu, (18) nA, (19), gaya, (20) (20) citraratha, (21) samrA, (22) marIci, (23) biMdumAna, (24) madhuM, (25) vIravata, (2) mathu, (27) bhauvana, (28) tvaSTA, (29) viraja, (30) zatajita (enA 100 putro). bhAgavatamAM sumati ane devaghukhta vacce devatAji' umerAya che, "pratihAra'ne sthAne pratIha' che, "pratihartA' nathI ane "prava'ne sthAne "aja" che. "zvastara'ne sthAne "prasarAve che, "pRtha'ne sthAne vibhu che. "pRthu" e thape che, te bhAgavatamAM citraratha vadhu che ne virAnA sthAne "samrATa che. "[mahAvIrthane sthAne marIci' che, te dhImAna'ne sthAne biMdumAna che. mahAta' ane "manasyanA sthAne "madhuM bIravata' maMchuM" ane "bhIvana" che. zrI cUDAsamAe 26 virAja, 27 rAja kahela che, tyAM vi.pu.mAM vira" ane "raja che, paraMtu bhAgavatamAM mAtra viraja' eka ja che. bhAgavata zatajitanA so purA kahe che, paNa emanA vizvatinuM nAma ulikhita karyuM nathI.' dhivA jevuM to e che ke caMdravaMzanA purUravA ane sUryavaMzanA IvA5 jevAM nAma adamAM che ke maLe che, jayAre priyavratanA ane uttAnapAdanA paNa kAI vaMza ja ke khudanAM nAma maLatAM nathI. Azcarya e paNa che ke viSNupurANa ane bhAgavata sivAya priyavratanI vaMzAvalInAM anyatra kayAMya paNa darzana thatAM nathI ke priyavratanA bhAI uttAnapAdanI vaMzAvalI jovA maLatI nathI. -taMtrI 2. uttAnapAda-vaMza svAyaMbhuva manune priyavrata ane uttAnapAda e be putra tathA prasUti ane AkRti e be putrI hatAM. 4 uttAnapAda 11 jIru (Ta aMga) 12 vena (10) 6 ziSTi 13 pRthu (11) 7 bhavya , 14 aMtardhAna (12) 8 ripu 15 havirdhAnA (13) * 9 cAlu 16 prAcInavAnuM (14 prAcInabahi) 10 manu 17 pracetAo (15) pathika julAI/1990 For Private and Personal Use Only

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[14 dakSa prajApati (16) . uttama uttAnapAdana meTo putra thAya, kisamAMnA AMka vi punA che, nAmabheda paNa batAvela che.] [TippaNa: A baMne rAjavaMzanA viSayamAM vi.pu. ane bhAga. theDuM vizeSa Ape che te ahIM jANavuM upayogI thaI paDaze. vi.pu. pramANe priyavratane 10 putra hatA: 1 AgrIma, 2 agnibAhu, - vipuSmAna, 4 yutimAna, 5 medhA, 6 medhAtithi, 7 bhavya, asavana, 9 putra ane 10 tibbAnaAmAMnA mejA AbAha ane putra e traNa saMsAramAM paDayA hatA. bAkInA sAtane anukrame ja buddIpa zAmali kau ca lakSa zAka puSkara ane kuzadvIpanAM rAjya priyavrata ApyAM hatAM. bhAgavatamAM 17 priyavratane 1 Adha, 2 Imaji hava, 3 yajJabAhu, 4 mahAvIra, 5 hiraNaretA, 6 pRSTha, cha vana, 8 medhAtithi, 9 vIti hetra ane 10 kavi e nAme dasa putra kahyA che. AmAMnA mahAvIra savana ane kavi virakta hatA. Agna ne 1 nAbhi, ra kiM puruSa, 3 harivarSa, 4 IlAvRta, 5 ra5ka, hiraNyAna (bhAga.mAM hihamaya'), 7 ke, 8 bhadrAzva ane 9 ketulAma evA putra, jeene anukrame himavarSa (=bhAratavarSa) hemakUTa naiSadha IlAva lAcala vetavarSa gavAna meru ane gaMdhamAdananA deza ApavAmAM AvyA hatA.18 kaSabhadevane bharata uparAMta bIjA 99 putra hatA, jemAMnA kuzAvarta IlAvata brahmAvata malaya tu bhadrasena IdrarUpha vidarbha kIkaTa e nava rAjavIo thayelA, jayAre kavi hari aMtarikSa prabuddha piwlAyana Avihetra drumila camasa ane karabhAjana e nava yogezvara thayelA bharatane 1 sumati, 2 rASTrabhuta, 3 sudarzana, 4 AvaraNa ane 5 dhUmraketu. e 5 putra hatA. * uttAnapAdanA putra dhruvane ziSTi ane bhavya vi.pu.mAM putre kahyA che, jyAre bhAga mAM e kapa ane vatsara che. 22 bhAgavata dhuvanA virakta putra utkalanI vAta kare che. eka ziSTine vi.pu.mAM 1 gi, ra rijjaya. 3 vipra 4. vRkala ane 5 vRkatA e pa putra kahyA che. 24 bhAgamAM 25 vatsarane 1 puchaparNa, 2 miketu, 3 ipa, 4 Uja, 5 vasu ane 6 java e 6 putra kahyAM che. purNane 1 pradeSa, 2 nizItha ane 3 yuSTa e 3 putra bhAgamAM kahyA che, jemAMnA lune sateja, ene cakSuSa manu ane enA 1 puru, ra kusa, katrita, 4 ghumna, satyavAna, 6 Rta, 7 vrata, 8 agnijhema, ka atizatra, 10 pradyumna, 11 ziba ane 12 umuka ema 12 putra kahyA che. AmAMnA 69mukane na aMga 2 sumanA, 3 khyAti, 4 kag, 5 aMgirA ane 6 gayA ema 6 putra kahe che. AmanA aMgane vena putra kahe che. venanA putra pRthane vijitAzva, 2 haryakSa, 3 dhUmrakeza, 4 vRka ane 5 draviNa e pa putre, jemAMnI vijitane 1 pAvaka, 2, parvamAna, 3 zuci ane bIjI strIthI 4 vidhana e ja putra thayelA, AmAMnA virdhAnane 1 bahiSa, 2 bhaya, 3 zukala, 4 kRSNa, 5 sAyaM ane 6 jitavrata e 6 putra hatA. bahiSa e ja prAcInabahiSa ane enA 10 pracetA thayA, jene putra dakSa prajApati 24 viSNupurANa pramANe cAkSuSa manune 1 karu, 2 puru 3 zag, 4 tapasvI, 5 satyavAna, ke zuci, cha agniIma, 8 atirAtra, 9 sughukha ane 10 abhimanyu e 10 putra thayelA, jyAre emAMnA karane 1 AMga, 2 sumanA, 3 yAti, 4 ,, 5 aMgirA ane 6 zibi e cha putra hatA. prayu sainyane 1 aMtardhAna ane 2 vAna e 2 putra hatA, julAI/1990 For Private and Personal Use Only

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' jyAre aMtardhAnanA hIvanane 1 prAcIna hiMSa, 2 zuddha, 3 gaya, kRSNa, 5 vRja ane 6 ajina e 6 putra hatA. paurANika mAnyatA che ke dakSathI maithuna prajA zarU thaI. 27 zrI. cuDAsamAe AdikAlane Arabha vi.sa. pUrve 14999 thI lIdhe che tathA priyavratavALI vaMzAvalInA viraphUla vinatI 1 lI vibhaktinA ekavacananuM rUpa)thI 28 peDhI : 1 896 sudhInA 3103 varSa gayAM che ane dareka peDhInAM sarerAza varSa 199 gayAM che. A asvAbhAvika che ane 150 thI 155 peDhI mATenAM varSa che. eTale vaMzAvalInAM nAmone prAmANika gaNavAmAM Ave te vacce vacce aneka rAjavIonAM nAma lupta thaI gayelAM kahevAM paDe. mAtra viSNupurANamAM ane bhAgavatamAM A vaMzAvalI e maLI hovAthI enI prAmANikatA svIkAravAne gaMbhIra prazna itihAsanA vidvAne samakSa khaDe thAya che. caMdravaMza ane sUrya vaMzane mATe ApaNI sAme vipula sAmagrI paDI che tyAre priyA uttAnapAdanA baMne vaMzane mATe saMtoSaprada sAmagrI sulabha nathI. pAThI 1 Rgaveda, 10-90-3 2 ejana. 10-90-5 3 ejana 10-8-6 vagere 4 ke.kA. zAstra amerikAnA Adima vasAhatIo pR. 2 3 pa ejana, 5 32 6. ejana, pR. 44 thI 15 7 jada, 10-90-12 - 8 lekhakanA maMtavyane A nika che. 9 viSNupurANa, 1-7-16 10 ejana, 2-1-1 vagerethI 11 ejana, 1-13- vagerethI 12 bhAgavata pa-1514 13. ejana, 5-15-15 14 veda, 10-95 maka sUkata 15 ejana, 10-60-4 16 viSNupurANa, 2-1-1 thI 4 17 bhAgavata, 5-1 ane 2 adhyAya 18 ejana, 5-3 jo apAya 19 ejana, 5 4 the apAya 20 ejana, 5-1pa-1 vagere 21 viSNupurANa, 1-13-1 22 bhAgavata' 4-10-1 23 ejana, 4-1-2 24 vibapurANa, 1-13-1 vagere 25 bhAgavata, 4-1-10 thI 15 26 viSNupurANa, 1-12-4 vagere 27 ejana, 1-11-05 thI 9 lekhakone vinaMti saM. 2046 ne "pathikane dIpinsavAMka kaTobaranI 15 mI tArIkhe TapAla thaze. enuM chApa kAma sapTembaranI 1 lI tArIkhathI zarU thaze, tethI pathika'nA cAhaka lekhakone vinaMti ke ItihAsapurAtattva-sAmAjika temaja atihAsika TUMkI vArtAo, rAjakIya sAmAjika Arthika vagere viSayanA TUMkA ane muddAsaranA sapramANa lekho oNgasTanI 31 mI tArIkha sudhImAM "pathika kAryAlaya, madhu vana, elisabrija, aamAvAda-380006 -A saranAme mokalI ApI AbhArI kare. e pachI AvanArA lekhene sthAna maLavAnI zakyatA nathI, kAraNa ke viSayUvAra pAnAM agAuthI nakkI karavAnAM hoya che. grAhakane vinati pathika'nuM varSa te kaTobarathI zarU thAya che. agAu game te mahitethI grAhaka thai zakAtuM hatuM vahIvaTanI saraLatA khAtara have kaTobara jAnyuArI eprila ane julAIthI grAhaka thAya evI apekSA rAkhavAmAM AvI che, te e pramANe lavAjama navA thanArA grAhake mele. je grahikanAM caDelAM lavAjama aukabaranA Arabha sudhImAM nahi maLyAM hoya teone kaTobarathI aMka mokalavAnuM baMdha thaze, cAlu rahevA mAgatA grAhakoe agAuthI patrathI jaNAvavA vinaMti. taMtrI julAI/1990 For Private and Personal Use Only

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[ anusa'khAna pA. 25 J game teTale dRDha hAla yA izvara sudhI pahAMcavAno me apanAvela rastA sAce che evu mAnatA paNa hrAuM, paNa sAthe sAthe mAre e paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavu' joIe ke mArA apanAvela nArmika AdhyAtmika mArgane paNa sImAo che ane khIjuM e ke bInajhmAe apanAvela bhAga khAkhara nathI evuM jo hu. mAnu` tA e bhUlabhareluM che, thesisTanI paribhASAmAM mAre kahevu hAya ! ema kahevAya ke mArAthI ema na manAya ke bIjAoe apanAvela mArgo Izvare sujhADelA nathI, kadAca evu paNa bane ke bhArA karatAM emanA mA vadhAre pUrNa ane prakAzita hAI zake che, uparAMta mArA ane mArA paDeAzInA rastA judA hAvAthI amArA vacce a Mtara che evuM mAnavu paNa khATuM che, kemake te te! ame judA judA mArgothI paNa eka ja Izvara pratye javA prayatna karI rahyAM chIe, ApaNe badhAM ja eka ja paramAtmAne meLavavAnA uddezathI judA judA abhigama apanAvI peAtAnI jiMdagIne e parama tattvanA Adezane adhIna thavA vALI rahyAM chIe. ApaNe Ama e teA mAnavuM joIe ke AdhyAtmika dRSTie tA ApaNe badhAM bhAI-bhAI chIkhe ane tethI ApaNe bhAInI jema ja vartavu joie. sahiSNutA pUrNa tyAre bane ke jayAre e premamAM pariName. ke 495, jeThAbhAinI pALa, khADiyA, amadAvAda-380001 [anusa dhAnapura, 30 thI. pazu karatA hatA. duSkALa daramyAna jAhera mArga upara lUMTa karavAmAM AvatI hovAthI asalAmatI pravatI hatI. dezI rAjA ane keTalAka zrImata lAko garImAne mATe rAhatanAM kAryo zarU karAvatA athavA anAja vaheMcatA hatA. sAmAnya rIte sarakAra bahArathI anAja AyAta karIne garIba lekAmA~ vaheMcavAnI vyavasthA karatI na hatI. vAhanagRhAranI suvidhAe hAlanA jevI na heAvAthI dezanA dUranA prAMtAmAMthI anAja lAvI zakAtu nahi. duSkALa daramyAna rAhatanAM pagalAM levA mATe e samayanI sarakAro pAse kAI nizcita nIti ke bha MDoLa hatuM nahi tethI A kudaratI ApattinA samayamAM lekAe jAte enA sAmanA karavA paDatA hatA ke ghaNu kharuM. enA bhoga banavuM paDatuM hatuM. e samayanI sarakArA lAka kayANunAM kAryo pratye udAsIna hatI. pAdanoMdhA 1. 'mirAte ahamadI' (vaDodarA) pR. 383 ane ema.esa, kemeseriyata : 'hisTarI oNpha gujarAta,' volyUma 2 (bombe, 1957), pR. 394-396 2. khArI edalajI jamazedajI : 'dukALa vize niSa'dha' (amadAvAda, 1884), pR. 15,16 3. 'mirAte ahamadI,' pR. 494; kAmiseriyataH pUvaita graMtha, pR. 457 pa. khArI edalajI: pUrvakti graMtha, pR. 16 4. ejana, pR. 97 6, ejata, pR. 16,17 cha. ejana, pR. 13,14, 8. dIvAna raNachoDajI amarajI : tArIkhe seraThe ane hAlAra' (jUnAgaDha, 1978) pR. 135, 136 9. kaeNmpakheta, jemsa (sa'pAdaka) : Ambe gaeNjheTiyara, volyUma 8, kheDA ane paMcamahAla, pR. pa 10. paTela, jezaMga : 'dukALa vize nibha'dha' (amadAvAda, 1880), pR:8, 42 11. khArI : pUrvokta graMtha, pR. 25,26,29,33 12. ejana, pR. 39 13. ejana, pR. 34 14. ejana, pR. 38 16. desAI IzvaralAla I. :surata sAnAnI mUrata' (surata, 1958), pR. 117 julAI 1990 15. ejana, pR. 39,40 For Private and Personal Use Only pazi

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mahaMmadazAha trIjo (I. sa. 1537-1554) mirajhAM muhummada amAna tathA mahemUdazAha, I. sa. 1537 : bahAdurazAha putra hatA ane enA mRtyuthI gujarAtanI gAdI sulatAna vagaranI khAlI paDatAM mirajhAM muhammada jhamAne porTugIjho sAthe meLa karI lIdho ane e sAthe bahAdurazAhanI mA tathA baeNgamA pAse jaI pAtAne gujarAtanA sulatAna tarIke svIkAravA vinaMtI karI. kheMgamAe ene vIsa lAkha sava maherA ApI, paraMtu sulatAna tarIke ene svIkAravo ke nahi e kAma vajIrAnuM che mATe emane pUchyA karyuM'. A dhanamAMthI eNe sAru. sainya UbhuM karyuM" tathA delavADA mUkAme tArIkha 27mI mArca, 1537 nA rAja eka sadhi karI te pramANe peruMgIe ene madada Ape enA badalAmAM mAMgaroLa ane damaNu tathA samudratIraprAntane maDhI kAsa(pAMca mAila)no pradeza ApavA svIkAryuM. perTugIjhoe ene gujarAtanA sulatAna tarIke jAhera karI dIvanI sjidamAM enA nAmanA khukhe, paNa vaheMcAvyA. zrI. zaMbhuprasAda hai. desAI jyAre A samAcAra amadAvAda paheAMcyA tyAre IkhtiyAra khAte ImAda-ula-mulka malikajIne aLavAna senA laI dIva mAkaDhyA. eNe UnAmAM rahetA mirarjhAne paDakAryo ane khUnakhAra yuddha thayuM temAM mirjhA hAryAM ane bhAgI chUTayo tathA rakhaDatA bhaTakatA aMte humAyune zaraNe gayA. A vijayathI ImAda-ula-mulkanI mahattA vadhI gaI eTale kajhalakhAna ghara pakaDI besI gayA. have prazna gAdI krAne soMpavI e mahattvanA hatA. vajIrAe e nirNaya lIdhA ke bahAdurazAhanI bahena rAje krayAnA putra khAnadezanA sulatAna mahamadazAhane niyaMtraNa Apavu. e bahAdurazAhane kRpApAtra hatA ane mama sulatAna mujhaphpharanA dohitra thatA hatA. mahamadazAhane bahAdurazAhanA mRtyunA samAcAra ApyA e sAthe ja gujarAtanA amIrAe ane amadAvAda AvI rAjyasattA sabhALI levA nimaMtraNa Apyu. bahAdurazAha sAthe varSothI rahelA ane mitra jevA enA bhAvejane A samAcArathI evA tA zAvAta lAgyo ke eNe annapANIne tyAga karyAM, mAtra chAza pIne baMdagImAM divasa-rAta vyatIta karavA lAgyo ane bahAdurdazAhanA mRtyunA sitterame divase eNe prANatyAga karyA, AAma gujarAtanI gAdInA kAI hakkadAra rahyo nahi, amIrAnI mUMjhavaNa vadhI tyAre sarve e eka mate kahyuM ke bahAdurazAhanA bhAI latIkhAnanA putra muhammadazAha bhALaka che, paNa rAjyane hakkadAra che tene burahAnapurathI bolAvIe. ImAda-Ggala-mulka malIkajIe IkhtiyArakhAnanA bhAI mukamIla khAnane churahAnapuranA gAma bhiyAtralathI teDI AvavA mekalyA. latIphakhAne baLavA karelA temAM e ghavAye tathA pakaDAI gayela ane I. sa, 1526 mAM kedamAM ja marI gayele, bahAdurazAhe enA tamAma bhAIe bhatrIjAne mArI nAkhelA, pazu latI khAna dhAvA putra hatA tene na mAratAM burahAnapura mahamadazAh pAse mAkalI ApelA ane eNe ene peAtAnA tAI mubArakanI sAthe biyAvaTa kaeNmAM rAkhele. mahamUdakhAnane te khIyAvalanA sUmedAra zammuddIne mumbIlakhAnane soMpI dIdhA, pazu mubAraka peAtAnA bhAInI gAdI upara hrazna karaze e bIke ene mArI nAkhyA. mahamUdakhAnane amIrAe I. sa. 1537 mAM gujarAtanI gAdIe besADI ene sulatAna tarIke pathika For Private and Personal Use Only

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jAhera karyo. enA nAmane khUbe vaMcA, sikkA pADavAmAM AvyA teyA sulatAna sagIra vayane hovAthI samagra vahIvaTa Imadi-ula-mudrake saMbhALe. tukI caDAI eka taraphathI humAyu gujarAta upara Avyo hato ane dIvanA pocugIjha dine dine baLavAna thatA jatA hatA tathA emanI te pe ane naukAe sAme gujarAtanI senA paheAMcI zake ema nathI ema vicArI bahAdurazAhe I. sa. 1935mAM IstaMbulanA zahenazAhane madada mekalavA vinaMtI karI hatI eNe sulemAna pAzA ala-khAdima nAmanA eNDamiralane eka baLavAna kAphele laIne dIva me kahyuM, paNa e Ave te pahelAM bahAdurazAha marAI gaye. tu kA suejhathI nIkaLI mArgamAM AvatAM baMdara bALa lUMTate tArIkha 4 thI sapTembara, 1935 nA roja dIva AvI paheo ane AvatAM veMta gujarAtanAM kAMThA uparanAM game lUMTavA mAMnyAM. pigIne A kApha Ave che evI khabara agAuthI maLI gaI hatI eTale emaNe kile saMrakSita karyo ane dIva zaheo havAle khAjA sapharane soMpI gavarnara tu nAsI gaye. ramAnamAM aAvAdathI Alama khAna paMdara hajAranuM sainya laI AvI pahoMce. khvAjA saphara ene maLI rahe ane emaNe dIvanA killA upara humalo karyo. kile paDe e pahelAM sulatAna AvI paheo ane eNe kaeNpTana tAniye da sirAne zaraNe thavA saMdeza mokale, paNa eNe ene inkAra karatAM sulemAne pracaMDa humale ka ema chatAM pigIe, lagabhaga eka mAsa sudhI jhIMka jhAlI. sulemAna dIva jItIne gujarAta phateha karaze evI vAta gujarAtanA amIrone maLatAM emaNe evI vAta phelAvI ke gevAne mane vAIsaroya gArsiyA da narendra moTo kAphale laI Ave che. e jANIne sulatAna enI te tema zastrasaraMjAma mUkI pAcho gaye. gujarAtanuM saunya paNu yuddha baMdha karI zAMta thaI gayuM, je te sulemAna mUkI gayo hato temAMthI be te mujAhidakhAna bahelIma jUnAgaDha laI AvyA, je Aje uparoTamAM che. bIjI te akabare gujarAta lIdhuM tyAre dilhI laI gayo. mahamUdakhAna I. sa. 1537 mAM mAtra 11 varSanI vaye gujarAtane sulatAna thayo. mahamUdakhAnanI mAtA siMdhane sulatAna baherAma khAnanI putrI hatI ane ene janma I. sa. 1535 mAM jUnAgabhAM thayA hatA. mahamUdakhAnanA vajIrapadanI saMyukta javAbadArI ImAda-ula-mulla (malikajI) ane dakSiA ane saMbhALI, jyAre sulatAnanI saMbhALa rAkhavAnI javAbadArI IkhtiyAra khAna tathA dilAvarakhAnane sepavAmAM AvI. IkhtiyAra khAna eTale badhe prabaLa thaI gayo ke sulatAnane e sakhta jAptAmAM rAkhate, paNa thoDA ja samayamAM e anya amIranuM nikaMdana kADhavA mAge che evo AkSepa mUkI ene ghAta karavAmAM Avaze pariNAme riyAkhAna ane imAda-ula-muka vacce vikhavAda thaye tathA pitAnI salAmatI nathI ema jaNAtAM imAda enI jAgIra morabImAM hatI tyAM cAlyo gayo. dariyAkhAne eno pIcho pakaDo tathA I. sa. 1538 mAM bajANA pAsenI laDAImAM ImAda hAryo ane bhAgI chUTayo eNe burahAnapuramAM Azraya lIdhe. dariyAkhAne burahAnapura caDAI karI burahAnapura jItI lIdhuM, ane tyAM mahamaMdanA nAmane khuba paDhA, paNa ImAda tyAMthI nAsI mALavAnA sulatAna pAse pahecI gaye. dariyAkhAna mALavA upara cArja karavA taiyArI karI tyAM enA aMkuzathI kaMTALI mahamUda nAsIne AlamakhAna pAse dhaMdhukA pahoMcI gayo. dariyAkhAne enA upara caDAI karI. dhoLakA paragaNAnA jAhera gAma pAse laDAI thaI temAM AlamakhAna tathA zalatAna hAryA ane nAsI jaIne 1. A to mATe jue "eNrebika ene parsiyana inipAnsa eNka saurASTra , hasAI. pari che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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rANapuramAM bharAyA, para'tu dariyAkhAnanA sainika sulatAna viruddha laDavA khuzI na hatA eTale eee dariyAkhAnano pakSa choDI dIdho. riyA khAna amalavAda gayA hai tyAMnA lokae davAjA baMdha karI dIdhA. daramyAna AlamakhAne senA ekatra karI sulatAna sAthe amadAvAda upara kUca karI. A samAcAra maLatAM ja dariyAkhAna nAsI chUTayo ane arahAnapuramAM jaI tyAMnA sulatAna mukzAno Azraya meLavyeA. eNe enAM kuTukha tathA jara jhaverAta cAMpAnera mAyAM che e khabara maLatAM AlamakhAne cAMpAnera yu, I. sa. 1543 mAM A gherAmAM cAMpAnera paDyuM ane dariyAkhAnano khajAno tema pAMcasothI adhika strIonA janAno sulatAnanA hAthamAM paDayA. sulatAna A vijayathI na daMta thaI meAjazekhamAM pAyo. evuM AlamakhAnane 'amIra-ula-umarA'no khitAba ApyA ane mAMDuthI ImAda-ula-mulkane bAlAvI pAchA vajIrapade sthApyuM, have sulatAna sAcI sattA bhogavavA tatpara hatA, paNa AlamakhAna vajra-ula-muka tathya tukIthI sulemAna pAzAnA kAphalA sAthe AvyA ane pAchaLa rahI gujarAtanA sulatAnanI nokarI svIkArelA mujAhidakhAne bhegA maLI kAvataruM karyuM ke sulatAnane AMdhaLA banAvI deza ane gujarAta traNe vacce vaheMcI levu'. mujAhidakhAna bahelIma pAse jUnAgaDha ane pAlItANAnAM eka hajAra jeTalAM gAmA AgIramAM hatAM eTale ene kAMI vizeSanI jarUra nathI ema AlamakhAne kahetAM evuM sulatAnane A kAvatarAnI mAhitI ApI dodhI ane sulatAne savAra paDyuM na hatuM. tyAM zaheramAM hAthI upara savArI kADhI Dha deza piTALyA ke AlamakhAna tathA vajra-ula-mulkanA ghara lUTI letI leAkAte rajA che. AlamakhAna tathA vajI-ula-mulka mAMDa mAMDa nAsI chUTavA ane jIrAnapura pahoMcI gayA. mAma I.sa. 1545 mAM mahamUda trIjo satyArthImAM svataMtra sulatAna thayA. eNe aphajhalakhAna khImANIne vajIrapade nImyA tathA mujAhiddakhAnane pAtA pAse rAkhyA. A samaye gujarAtanA amIre e samUhamAM vaheMcAI gayA hatA, sthAnika amIranA netA aljhaakhAna hatA tathA paradezI amIrAnA netA khvAjA saphara urphe` khudAvadakhAna hatA. e janme yuropanA jAlbeniyAnA krizciyana hatA ane IslAma svIkArI sulatAna pAse rahyo hato. khukAvandakhAnanu kAsaLa kADhI nAkhavA mATe vajIra akjhalakhAne ene sulatAna bahAduranA khunane badale levA tathA I.sa. 1538 nA parAjayanuM` kala`ka dhoI nAkhavA dIva upara caDavA na karI. I.sa. 1546 nA eprilamAM zarU thayelA dIvane gherA navembara sudhI cAlye, paNa pAsu gIjhe e macaka ApI nahi. jhAkhA * sulata!nane laI yuddha jo AvyA, paN pegIjhone geLA sulatAnanI chAvaNImAM paDatAM ane eka mANasa bharAi jatAM sulatAna pAche. cAlye gaye. dRmyAna tApA gaLe paDavAthI khudAvandakhAna mAryA gaye ane enA putra muna urphe mIkhAne enuM sthAna lIdhuM. eNe prabaLa hule karyo. paNa emAM jhajharakhAta nAmane saradAra bharaNe| dIvamAM paNa manaja ane pANInI taMgI jaNAvA lAgI. gavAvA eka pachI eka TukaDIe AvatI rahI. a`te gAvAthI 6 kAo AvI pahoMcyA teNe dIvanA killAnAM dvAre! khAlI nAkhI medAnI laDAI lIdhI. vIsa drajArathI vadhAre saMkhyAnA gujarAtI lazkara sAme mAtra pAMca hajAra perTIMgajhe yuddhamAM UtaryAM. banne pakSe puSkaLa khuvArI thaI, para Mtu te vijayathI pesuMgIjhene varI. 6 kAoe vijayanA unmAdamAM saurASTranAM samudra kAMThAnAM gAme lUTI hajAre prAjatAnI hatyA karI, gujarAtamAMthI bhAgI chUTekA te anyatra Azraya laI rahelA darayA khAna, Ima da-uMla-muhaka tathA AlamakhAne gujarAtanAM AvI bhaLavA karyA, paNa e hAryA ane zerazAha sUranA darabAradilhI nAsI gayA. sulatAne emane abhayadAna mApI pAchA beDAvyA. imada AvyA teNe makkA javA rajA mAgI te e maLatAM ane surata javA devAmAM Avye, jyAM khvAjA sara ane vAta karyAM. pathika For Private and Personal Use Only 11

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sulatAna A samaye mAtra 19 varSInA hatAM eTale rAjyanA amIrI ane enA upara akuza tevA zaktizALI vajIranI jarUra hatI. eNe makkAmAM rahetA khaThThAduranA samayanA asakhAnane khelAnce ane eNe rAjyamAM zista prasthApita karI sulatAnI hakUmata sthira karI ApI. mahamUdana" khUnaH Isa. 1548 thI I.sa. 1554 sudhI gujarAtanA rAjyanuM taMtra vyavasthi cAlyu, paNa sulatAna pote ezaArAmamAM savizeSa samaya vyatIta karatA hatA. enA kRpApAtra hajUra burahAna nAmanA eka juvAnane eNe eka vAra ThapakA ApyA eTale eNe sulatAnane rAtre sUtI vakha eNe pIvAnuM mAgatAM jhera pAI dIdhu, paNa jIva jatA nathI ema lAgatAM eNe enI chAtImAM khaja hulAvI dIdhuM ane a'garakSakone khelAvI kahyuM ke sulatAnanA hukama che ke je amArA ahI' Ave tema mArI nAkhavA. khurahAne asaphakhAna tathA bIjA agiyAra amIrAte khelAvI marAvI nAkhyA. mA IttimAdakhAna gayo na hatA te khacI gayA. burahAna savAre zAhI chatra mAyA upara rakhAvI pote sulatAna tarIke jAhera thayA, paNa cela amIrA enI sAme Avya! ane zerakhAna bhaTTIe ene mArI nAkhyA. mahamUdazAha bAlyavayathI halakA vicAra ane AcAravALA mANasA sAthe UcharelA eTale rAjyapati thavA chatAM e amIrA vidvAne ke vIrapuruSanA satsa'ga na karatAM halakA mANasane potAnI sAthe rAkhatA. pariNAme vajIre! enAthI nArAja rahetA ane vizvAsa karatA nahi. evuM cAritrya paNa zithila hatuM. AlamakhAnanI madadathI I.sa. 1543 mAM eNe caMpAnera lIdhu tyAre dariyAkhAnanA khajAtA tema janAnA enA hAthamAM paDatAM, e mAtra 17 varSanA hatAM chatAM, mirAte sikaMdarI kahe che tema, e janAnAmAM peAtAnI juvAnIne dAdda" devAmAM mazagUla thaI gayA ane traNa mAsa lagI bahAra nIkaLyA nahi. enA janAnakhAnAmAM se"kaDA strIe hatI, natikAe hatI, paNa enI koI begama bALakane janma na Ape e mATe eNe garbhapAta karAvI nAkhavA paNa AnA ApelI. mahamUdazAha jhanUnI muslima hatA. eNe rAjapUta jamInadArAnA vAMTA khAlasA karyA sirAha IDara dharamapura rAjapIpaLA vagerenA rAjAo sulatAnanuM sA`bhaumatva svIkAratA hatA chatAM emana rAjgyA upara paNa mahamUdazAhe lAla AMkha karI ane emaNe karelA baLavAne kaDaka hAthe dabAvI senAne evI AjJA karI ke "rAjapUta ane kALI komanuM nAmanizAna bhUsI nAkhavu, je rAjyanI sevAmAM hAya teoe emanA jamaNA hAtha upara eka cihna rAkhavu. ane jo na DhAya tA ene tarata ja mArI nAkhavA.'' 12 eNe hinduone dhaDesavArI karavAnI, pAghaDI upara pAte hindu che e sUcavatuM lAla kapaDAnuM thIgaDuM mAravAnI, chatrI eDhavAnI manAI karI. dIvALI DhALI ane khIjA parveda UjavavAnI paNa manAI karI ane maMdiranA ghaTAnAda adha karAvyAM tathA pUjA karavAnI paNa manAI karI. ItihAsalekhaka lakhe che ke jyAre burahAne sulatAnanuM khUna karyuM. tyAre hinduee ene tArajIdvAra mAnI lIdhe, kAraNa ke evuM emane A trAsamAMthI cheDAvyA. muslimone uttejana ApavA rakhI- ula-avvala mAsanI pahelI tArIkhathI khAra divasa sudhI sulatAna mahemadAvAdamAM umA AlIme vagerenI sabhA ceAjatA, emane bhAtabhAtanAM bhAjano pIrasavAmAM AvatAM ane IlAde milAdunakhI eTale pegambara sAhebanA janmadivasane divase pAte darabAra bharI, pAte makkAnA zerIphanu pada dhAraNa karI sahune mijabAnI Apato. eNe khaMbhAtanuM paragaNu vakare karelu' ane makkAmAM jatA hAjI mATe [anusa'dhAna pA. 17 nIce pathi For Private and Personal Use Only

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kacchanuM patrakAratva* zrI. saMjaya pI. ThAkara kacachanA tejasvI ane gauravapUrNa patrakAratvanI gaIkAla ane AjanI rasapradaabhyAsa pUrNa mAhitI AjanI sattAo paikI akhabArI Alamane, patrakAratva-kSetrane cothI jAgIra (phartha esTeTa) tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. A parathI ja kahI zakIe ke vartamAnapatranA vizvanA svataMtratA zakti sevA ane samarthatAnAM mULa keTalAM UMDAM ane mahatvanAM che ! paraMtu eya eTaluM ja sAcuM che ke AjanA jhaDapI ane Adhunika yugamAM ane emAMye gaLAkApa spardhA vacce saphaLatApUrvaka akhabAra calAvavuM saheluM nathI. meMghI chapAI ane nyUjha prinTanI UMcI kiMmata nAnA akhabAranuM te gaLuM ja ghUMTI devA pUratAM che. vartamAna kepyuTara-yugamAM eka pachI eka navA ane vismayakAraka parimANo evAM te ghUsatAM Ave che ke kyAreka ema thAya ke akhabAranuM gaLuM DhaMpAI jaze. duniyAmAM Ilekaronika akhabArane pagapesAro thAya che. vIDiye megejhina ['lahere yAda che ne?) ApaNA gharamAM pravezI cukyA che. Telivijhane chApAMone vAsI banAvyAM che, aMdhajana mATe bolatAM chApAM uparAMta tAjetaramAM e vAMcI zake tevI TeliTeksa rInA raoNyala nezanala InsTiTayUTa opha blAInDrujhe vikasAvI che. adyatana yaMtrasAmagrI para ane AkarSaka kAgaLa para anekaraMgI chapAI thAya che, saMdezAvyavahAranAM sAdhane aDadhuM kAma beThe beThe karI Ape che tyAre..tyAre akhabArI Alama ane emAMye khAsa karIne kacchanI akhabArI Alama jarIpurANI-AuTa opha DeITa-jarUra lAge, paNa enA bhUtakALa ane vartamAnakALa ujajavaLa ane gauravaprada che. kacchamAM atyAre je akhabAro pragaTa thAya che te kacchanA pachAta vistAra ane ochI vastI(10.50 lAkha)ne jotAM barAbara che ema lAgyA vinA na rahe. phalazkepa pAnA jeTalA kadanAM "pharaphariyA' kahevAtAM kacchanA ladhu akhabArone romAMcaka ane tejasvI ItihAsa saune AnaMdita karI mUke che. kacchanA patrakAratvanI tavArIkha sudIrgha viziSTa ane gauravapUrNa che, je itihAsanAM pRSTha para suvarNAkSare kaMDArAyela che ! kacchI patrakAratvanI khAmI-kSatio avazya che ja, paraMtu enI khUbIo ane ene pragatika vizeSa mahattvanAM che. kacchamAMthI ane karacha bahArathI kaccha mATe pragaTa thatAM akhabAro-sAmayikoe sAruM evuM gajuM kADhayu che ane bhaviSyamAM paNa saphaLa yazasvI akhabArI keDI kaMDAraze evI zraddhA che. sUratanA kavi narmadane "Diyo, kavi dalapatarAma DAhyAbAInuM buddhiprakAza' mAsika, IcchArAma sUryarAma desAInuM gujarAtI (sAptAhika) (zarUAta tA. 6 jUna, 1880), muMbaI samAcAra' dainika (zarUAta tA. 1 julAI, 1822) eone gujarAtI patrakAratvano zubhAraMbha karanAra akhabArosAmayike gaNAvI zakAya tema kacchanA patrakAratvano zubhAraMbha "kucha darabArI jAhera khabarathI bhASA suda 3 zukravAra, saM. 1930, tA. 26 mI jUna, 1873 thI thayo ema kahI zakAya ! gujarAtI patrakAratvanA : pitAmaha tarIke zrI mebeda pharadUnajI marjhabAna oLakhAya che, te daraArI patrikA (kaccha)nA prathama gujarAta ItihAsa pariSada dvArA 1988 mAM yojAyela kacchanuM patrakAratva' viSayanI nibaMdha spardhAmAM zrI kastUrabA jIvaNalAla thAnakI pAritoSikane pAtra Tharela thI, saMjaya pI. ThAkaranA nibaMdhane tAjA umerA sAthe] eka bhAga. For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakAzaka mahetA jagajIvana vI. mahAdevane kachI patrakAratvanA pitAmaha gaNI zakAya. A ja aramrAmAM kacacha bahArathI saphaLa patrakAratva kheDanAra karachanA zrI devajI bhImajIne paNa khAsa ulekha kara ghaTe. sane 1865 mAM kerAlAmAM zrI devajI bhImajIe keraLa miyama presa' sthApyuM. 1881 mAM A kachI tAraka mAMnyALamamAM prathama patra keraLa miyam' sAptAhika kADhavuM. bIjuM panna "maLayALakha manamA" chApyuM. marAThImAM kerala kekila kADhayuM, aMgrejImAM vesTarna sTAra' zarU karyuM. keTalAMka pustaka ane dhArmika the pragaTa karyA. emanuM patrakAratvanuM kAma svataMtra nirbhIka ane pakSapAtahata hatuM. bIjI tarapha sana 1892 mAM muMbaIthI zrI dayArAma depArAe sTAnDarDa prinTiMga presamAM chapAvI "ka7 samAcAra' pragaTa kareluM. e uparAMta emaNe "kacchI kAke" tathA "kacchI Dhela' nAmanAM laghutro paNa bahAra pADavA hatAM. "karachI kAko' ane 'kara7 samAcAra' nIkaLIne je zerabajhAra macAve te kacchanA patrakAratvanuM nedhapAtra gaurava che. kacchanA bhraSTa taMtra sAme virodha tema kanTesanA abhiyAnamAM joDAvAno avAja A patroe upADI lIdhuM hatuM. kaccha bahAra prinTiMga presanuM Agamana thatAM pustako ane akhabAre pragaTa thavA mAMDyAM hatAM. karachamAM paNa AvuM vAtAvaraNa UbhuM thatAM A vAta kacchamAM paNa AvI pahoMcI. vace te gavAya ane bhaNe te vAMce A lA gaNI kacchamAM vadhatI gaI. AnA pariNAmasvarUpa bhUja nagaramAM sau-prathama darabArI chApakhAnuM nakhAyuM. kacachanuM sau-prathama vRtta - "kaccha darabArI jAherakhabara' sana 183 thI zarU thayuM, karacha rAjaya-saMcAlita A patra darabArI phi ane kacerIone pahoMcatuM karavAmAM AvatuM. sivAya koI vakIla vagerene ane khAnagI AsAmIone A pakhavADika levAnI IcchA hoya teNe revanyu kamiznaranA tarapha varSa ekanI karI 12 (bAra) lavAjama ane TapAla kharca ja bharavAthI e maLavAnI vyavasthA goThavAI. pachI e cAlu patranA tA. 14-5-1876, pR. 4, aMke 23 mAM paherakhabara naM. 124 chapAI temAM chApakhAnA sAthe navA AvelA TAIpanuM chApakhAnuM calAvavA zrI kAlidAsa lakSmIzaMkaranI nimaNUka thayAnA khabara apAyA. enA tA. ra9-5-1877nA eka aMkamAM je kaI harakatavALuM lakhANa nahi hoya te enI khAnagI jAherakhabara chApavAnI jAherAta paNa thaI. enI chapAmaNI eka pherAnI cAra lITInI kerI 1 (eka) ane e vadhAre vakhata chapAve te bIjI phera aDadhI karI ema dara nakkI thayuM. "kaccha darabArI jAherakhabara kacchanA patrakAratvanI viziSTa ane sau-prathama prakAzita thanAra patrikA kharI, paNa emAM phakta rAjyanA sattAvAra hevAlane ja sthAna apAtuM, mukta patrakAratvane sthAna naheAtu' ! kacchanA rAjavI viruddhanI koI lakhANe prasiddha thatAM nahi. kaccha darakArI jAherakhabara' nAma badalAvAI A patra tA. 12-6-1899 thI "ka rAjyapatra -Kutch Darbari Gazette nAme prathama vAra TAIpamAM chapAI prasiddha thayuM. sana 1948 laga, AjhAdI AvI tyAM sudhI e ema cAlu rahyuM. tA. 13-6-1877 nA aMkamAM mukI khAtAnI eka jA.kha. naM. 6ra4 ApavAmAM AvI, jemAM darabArI chApakhAnAmAM pustaka chapAvavAnI dastUrI phInI jAherAta ApavAmAM AvI e samajavA jevI che. "phorama eTale phUlaskepa baMne bAju chApeluM te jANavuM. greTa prAImara ane pAIkA akSarathI chApelA dareka phArame kaMpanI kerI 20, gujarAtI greTa prAImaranA kadanA bALathI TAIpa kaMpanI kArI 22, eTale rU. 6; nAnA meTA heDIMga akSarathI chapAmaNI karI 20, TenanuM kAma eTale rUlIMga AvAnI kerI ; kaMpasa phI uparAMta dara sekaDe bhAmaNI kerI 4, pAMca sudhI; hajAra sudhI sekaDe karI 3 ane hajAra upara kerI 2. kAgala tathA baMdhAmaNuM kharaca chapAvanArane zira; cepanIyuM chApavA cAlu prAhaka tarIke zastathI kAma karI devAze." For Private and Personal Use Only

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A jAherAta parathI tyAranI bhASA, chapAInA bhAva-tAlane khyAla Ave che. kaccha rAjayapatranI nakala Aje pazu amuka rasa dharAvatA saMgraho pAse sacavAyelI paDI che. bhUjanA A presamAMthI "kaccha rAjyapA' chapAvA uparAMta zarU zarUmAM emAM keTalAka majAnAM pustako chapAyAM che, paraMtu pachIthI e jamAnAnI tAsIra mujaba rAjanIti saMkucita rahetAM kacchamAM e premane jAhera hitamAM vikAsa na thaze. rAjyamAM anya keIne jAhera presa nAkhavAnI chUTa na apAI. sana 1947 mAM AjhAdI AvI tyAM sudhI kacchamAM darabArI presa sivAya koI presa nakhAyuM nahi. sana 1948 pachI A darabArI presa lokataMtramAM sarakArI banyuM. bAdamAM ene rAjakeTa khaseDavAmAM AvyuM tyAM lagI e bhUjamAM cAluM rahyuM. A rIte sana 1948 sudhI kacchamAM patrakAratva ane presanI sthiti parAdhIna rahI. AjhAdI pahelAMnA samayamAM kacchanI lAIbrerIomAM kaccha bahArathI je vartamAnapatra AvatAM te paNa amaladAra varganI pasaMdagInAM ja AvatAM e ulekha zrI khImajI haracha kAMyANInA pustaka zrI kacchAdhipati pratye vijJapti' (tA. 1-5-1903)nA pAnA naM 135 upara vAMcavA maLe che. kacchamAM A paristhiti vadhate oche aMze AjhAdInA Agamana paryata laMbAyA karI. AjhAdI pahelAM karachamAM bhale presa nAkhavAnI rAjaya taraphathI manAI hatI, chatAM kacchanA patrakavie karacha bahArathI akhabAre pragaTa karI svAtaMtryasaMgrAmamAM je noMdhapAtra phALo Apyo che te cirasmaraNIya che. kacchanA ka'Ika patrakArone kaThina paristhitimAMthI pasAra thavuM paDayuM che, julma sahana karavA paDayA che. AjhAdI jaMga samaye akhabAra para niyaMtraNa sAme zrI kacchI prajAkIya pariSade samaye samaye sakhata virodha darzAvela hatuM. karachanA patrakAronuM svAtaMtryasaMgrAmamAM pradAna mahatvanuM raheluM. [A vizenI vistRta vigata "pathika'nA phebru mArI '97 nA aMkamAM "svAtaMtryasaMgrAma ane karachI patrakAre' e lekha heThaLa ApI hatI tethI ahI enI rajUAta karI nathI. e samayanA patrakAranI khumArI-nIDaratA ajaba hatI ! AjhAdI jaMgamAM pitAnI samartha kalamane Azare laI jhumanAra zrI chaganalAla bhavAnIzaMkara mahetAnI yAdamAM kacchamAM Aje paNa emanA nAmanI vyAkhyAnamALA jAya che. eTale, jANItA gujarAtI khagoLazAstrI Do. je. je. rAvaLanuM pravacana bhuja madhye tA. 23 julAI '80nA vejAI gayeluM. AvA nAmI patrakAromAM thI phUlazaMkara paTTaNI, rasikalAla jozI. gulAbacaMkara amRtalAla dhoLakiyA, kalyANajI lAlajI vAsa "vasu' (kavizrI niraMjanajInA laghubaMdhu catrabhuja jagajIvana bhada, prANalAla zAha vagere jevA kaMi keTalAye kacchI vIrono samAveza thAya che, karacha rAjyanI khaphagI vahorI laIne kacchanA patrakAroe pitAne akhabArI-dhame AjhAdIjaMga daramyAna bALe e preraka ane romAMcaka che ! je kArya "bhUmiputra "muMbaI samAcAra" ke "navajIvane kare tevuM ja kArya kacchanA akhabAroe bahArathI pragaTa thaIne goravathI kareluM. karachI patrakAranAM khamIra-rASTraprema ane svAtaMtrya mATenI zistabaddha laDatanA sAkSI tarIke keTalAMka jUnAM akhabAro ane bujharga patrakAro Ajeya ApaNI vacce che e goravAnaMdanI vAta che. '' keTalAMka jUnAM akhabAronAM nAme smarI laIe ke je kadAca Aje akhabArI AlamamAMthI vilIna thaI gayAM che. jenA akhabAranA nAme zakya che ke pharIthI hAlamAM koI akhabAra zarU thayuM. hoya. bA bihArIlAla aMtANIe "jhAMjhIbAra Isa', zrI DuMgarasiMha haridAsa gaDhAe muMbaIthI bhATiyA yuvaka' pragaTa karelAM. gujarAtanuM prathama kakSAnuM sAhityika sAmayika gaNAvI zakAya e "sarasvatI zaMgAra" mAsika 1899 nA julAImAM zrI jIvarAma ajarAmara gere amadAvAdamAM chapAvI zarU karyuM ( 1rakAranA For Private and Personal Use Only

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hatuM. "kacchamitranA prAraMbhathI pitAnA jIvananA aMta sudhI kacchamitrane umadA sevA ApanAra patrakAra zrI devarAma DI. varue prakAzita karela "kaDiyA kSatriya prakAza' kema bhulAya ! A sivAya du. bhaTTanAM taraNa karacha kacha krAMti' "kaccha vijaya', devazI narazI kArANInuM "salAhakAra', zrI lAlajI mu, jozInuM bhUtana kaccha, zrI mohanalAla varunuM "jAgrata karacha, kacchI mema "satyuga' 'vatana" "AjhAda kaccha' (pachIthI kacchadhara banyu), raNakAra' cetanA dhvani "surakhAba vagere paNa ullekhanIya che. zrI nAnajI lAlajI paramAnuM karacha sudarzana, kAsima zAha "danuM muslima yuvaka' vagere kema bhulAya ? jAgrata karachanA vizeSAMka tarIke "prANalAla zAhanI hadapArI' pustakaeN zrI mohanalAla varue 1961 mAM prakAzita karela te carcAspada rahelAM. "gujarAtI' sAptAhika sAthe saMkaLAyelA, saMkhyAbaMdha etihAsika navalakathAonA lekhaka khyAtanAma Thaphara nArAyaNa vizanajI paNa kacchI nararatna hatA. jema gujarAtI akhabArone ItihAsa zatAbdI pUve che tema kacchI akhabArone ItihAsa paNa zatAbdI pUrve ja che. sana 1921 mAM saurASTra' zarU karI zrI amRtalAla zeThe saurASTra bhUmi para yuddhanAda kare tema ka7nAM aneka akhabAroe AjhAdI mATe zaMkhanAda karyo hate. 46 varSanA pIDha thayelA "kacchamitra' rASTriya dainikanI zarUAta "mitra' nAme sana 1944 mAM karanAra mahArathIo hatA zrI lIlAdhara pAsu zAha, devajI khImajI zAha, haMsarAja DI. zAha ane caMgubhAI punazI, paNa zrI amRtalAla zeThe saurASTra TrasTa dvArA "kacchamitra'ne je rIte karyuM te abhuta che. jyAM jyAM vase eka kacchI tyAM tyAM sadAkALa kacchamitra' tema vizvamAM kacchI vartuLomAM "kacchamitra' atyAre pahece che. mitra' sAptAhikanA svarUpe pragaTa thanAra "kacchamitra' sau-prathama dAdara (muMbaIthI) pragaTa thatuM. e pachI "kacchamitra'nA nAme trisAptAhika ane dainika ema thoDAM varSa muMbaithI cAlu rahyA bAda sana 19para thI A dainika kacchanA pATanagara bhUjamAMthI ekadhAruM pragaTa thaI rahyuM che. sana 1955 mAM A mAtabara akhabAra "saurASTra TrasTa sAthe joDAvuM e pachI enA vikAsanI gati jhaDapI banI che, ene phelA kUdake ne bhUsake vadhato ja rahyo che. kacchanA khUNe khUNAmAM pahoMcI javA uparAMta kacacha bahAra vasatA kacchIo sudhI A akhabAra jhaDapathI pahece che, vIseka lAkha karachI vizvamAM patharAyelA che temanI vacce kaDIrUpa anya akhabAro sAthe kacchamitra mahavane bhAga bhajave che. kacchamitranI zarUAtanA samaye emAM mukhyatve kavi.o. jJAtinA samAcAra ane maryAdita pramANamAM kacchanA ane dezanA anya samAcAra chapAtA, e pachI ene samagra kacchanuM mitra banAvavA nAnA kadanA "kacchamitra' trisAptAhika tarIkenuM navuM svarUpa apAyuM. - kacchamitra ka7nAM vartamAnamAM phelAvAnI daSTie sauthI AgaLanuM sthAna dharAvanAra nika che. sana 1980 mAM ene phelA 11,000 nakala hA, AjanA chelA prAptAMka mujaba ene phelAve sauthI vadhu 25,000 nakalathI upara, che ! dukALanI vaNajhArane lIdhe gujarAtanAM bIjAM akhabArone phelAve jyAre ghaTayo hato tyAre "kacchamitrane phelA cAra varSamAM cha hajAra nakala jeTaluM vadhyo hite ! A kacchamitrane kacchanuM khyAtanAma karavAmAM enA taMtrIe patrakAra ane saMcAlakoe mahatvanuM kArya kareluM che. mitra' sAptAhikanA taMtrI hatA zrI zarada zAha, emAMthI kacchamitrane janma thatAM enA prathama taMtrI banyA zrI prANalAla zAha (hadapArI bhogavI cUkelA carcAspada kacchI patrakAra). thoDA mAsa pachI eo nivRtta thatAM enA taMtrI pade zrI navInabhAI ha. aMjAriyA nimAyA. zrI navInabhAI atyAre "ka jAge" sAptAhika calAvI rahyA che. kacchaminI AgekUca ane enI lekacAhanAthI prerAIne enA mAlikoe ene phula sAijhanuM dainika banAvavAno nirNaya karyo ane kaccha For Private and Personal Use Only

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maMtra' tArIkha 15-8-50 thI phula sAIjhanuM dainika banyu.... enA ta MtrI tarIke e vakhatanA mukhaSTanA hindustAna' dainikanA madadanIza taMtrI zrI rasikalAla jozI nimAyA. thADA samaya pachI zrI rasikalAla nezI chUTA thaI karI hindustAna' patramAM joDAtAM e sthAna para gujarAtanA suvikhyAta patrakAra (sva.) zrI raviza kara mahetA nimAyA hatA. [kramaa :] }. osavALa phaLiyu, mundrA (kaccha)-370421 anusa dhAna pA, 12 tha eka sarAI badhAvelI tathA tyAM madresA paNa cAlu karelA. vaTavAnA saiyado tathA bIjA muslima dharmasthAnone eNe dhana ane dharA ApelAM. mahamUdazAha enA pUrvajo jevA vIra hatA tema enA ItihAsalekhaka kahe che, e amIrAnI pakaDamAMthI chUTavA khArImAM dera u` badhI UtarI dhaMdhukA bhAgI gayA hatA, cAMpAneramAM eNe hallA khate maradAnagI batAvI hatI, paNa dIvanA gherAmAM tApano eka gALA enI chAvaNImAM paDatAM e tarata ja amadAvAda Avato rahyo hatA. mahamUdazAhe enuM pATanagara mahemadAvAda rAkhelu tyAM enDre cha mAikSatA vistAramAM AhukhAnA eTale mRgakSetra banAvyu hatuM ane tyAM mAtra svarUpavAna yuvattie dvArA vecANa thatAM. vaibhavavilAsanAM sAdhanA veMcavA dukAne karI hatI. jhADanAM thaDA upara makhamala ane kinakhAba maDhI sva khaDu karyuM" hatuM. rAtre e haraNAtA enI upAMganA sAthe zikAra karatA. A sulatAnanA samayanA amIrA tathA saradAronI vigato A prakaraNamAM AvI gaI che, paNa eTalu' taidhavu Avazyaka che ke gAdIe Avye tyAre anubhavI vaphAdAra ane rAjanItijJa puruSo enI tevAmAM hatA chatAM eNe sarvano ghAta karAvI gujarAtanI saltanane pAMgaLI banAvI dIdhI hatI. sthApanA tA. 11-10-27 mahamUdazAhanA samayamAM kAI noMdhapAtra masjido ! makAno baMdhAyAM nathI tema e samayanA zilAAkhe) paNa maLatA nathI. amadAvAdanI khAsa bajAramAM zAha khuma saiyada ciztInI masjida' nAme ALakhAtI sjida cImatanA putra naukhAta hata muzke I.sa. 1538 mAM baMdhAvyAnA mAtra zilAlekha che, The. 'Asa', TAunahaeNla sAme, jUnAgaDha-362001 phezana - 553291/558350 dhI bareADA siTI kA-opareTiva baeNnka, li. raji, oNphisa : sa'sthAvasAhata, rAvapurA, vaDAdarA-39000 1 zAkhAe H 1. saradArabhavana, jyubilI khAga pAse, ke, na, 541824 2. paththarageTa pAse, Te. naM. 541931 3. tegaMja, carcanI sAme, Te. na. 329364 4. saradAra chAtrAlaya, kArelIbAga, TaeN naM. 64812 dareka prakAranuM eNnjiMga kAmakAja karavAmAM Ave che. menejara : kAMtibhAI DI. paTela maMtrI : ca`drakAMtabhAI cu. paTela pramukha : kIkAbhAI paTela julAi/1990 pathika For Private and Personal Use Only 17

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Da. ArnolDa yammI : dharmavicAra anu. zrI. deveza bhaTTa [prakhara ItihAsavida Do. AnaDa TayammInA pustaka "e hisTariyana eproca TurilijiyanuM prakaraNa 18 sAMprata samayane atyaMta saMbaMdhita che. "dhI rilijiyasa AuTa buka Ina e draSTIethI semyuarI varDa"ne sArasaMkSepa ahIM upasthita che. vizvanI be mahAsattAo a-zo sImita karI rahI che. pazcima yurope jayAre Arthika ekatAnA varSojUnA anubhavane AgaLa vadhArI rAjakIya ektA bhaNI jovA mAMDyuM che tyAre che. yambI jevA ArSadraSTAnAM vidhAne keTalAM ceTa bane che e jovAne A bhAvAnuvAdane hetu che.] chellAM be prakaraNamAM ApaNe Adhunika pazcima jagatamAM, ema kahe ke, junA thaI gayela dharmo aMgenA vicAronuM jJAna laI rahela thoDA khyAlanI vaicArika prakriyAonI vAta karI rahyA hatA. AmAM paNa traNa khyAlee khAsa karIne ApaNuM dhyAna kendrita karyuM zayitAne vicAra, kalyANarAjayane vicAra tathA TekanolojI. ApaNe e paNa joyuM ke AmAMnA be vicAre-khUyatA tathA TekanolejInI upayogitAnA vicAra-lagabhaga carama sImAe pahoMcI gayA che, jyAre kalyArAjayanA bhAvi aMge vicAravAne haju AzAvAda khare. vaizvika ka9yANajaya hAlanA saMkucita rAjyanA khyAla karatAM judu paDe che. hAlanA rAjyane pahele ane mukhya uddeza te e che ke anya saMkucita rAjyathI pitAne sImADA bacAvI, pitAnI prajAnAM hite, bIjA harIphanA bhoge paNa, vadhAravAno prayatna karavAne, paNa jenA kaI harIpha che ja tevI mAnyatA upara sthapAyela kalyANarAjyane pitAnA astitvane TakAvavA karatAM samagra mAnavajAtanuM kalyANa karavAne ja mukhya hetu banI rahe ne ? ema kahe ke samagra mAnavajAtanAM hitone saMvardhana mATe e naizvika kalyANarAjya samarpita che, paNa duniyAne niyama che ke je vastuonI upayogitA che tene mATe kiMmata paNa cUkavavI paDe che. pAzcAtya jagata ke jyAM Adhunika TekanolojIe be sthaLonA aMtarane ochuM karI dIdhuM che tyAMthI je A vaizvika kayANarAjayanI sthApanA thavAnI hoya to navI rAjakIya saMsthA samasta vizvamAM patharAyela mAnavajAtane evI ghaNI rIte AzIrvAdarUpa thaze. bhUtakALamAM keTalAMka nAnAM kalyANarAye, je cheDe ghaNe aMze maryAdita mAtrAmAM lAbha lAvI zakyAM hatAM te, have ghaNA moTA ka upara maLI zakaze. A AzIrvAda e bIjuM kAMI nahi, paNa salAmatI ane A salAmatI mATe cUkavavAnI hiMmata e svataMtratA. je A bhayAnaka yugamAM vizvakakSAe kalyANarAjayanA khyAlane sAkAra kara haze te svataMtratAnA bhoge paNa salAmatIne kharIdavAnI samagra duniyAnI jAgRti ane teyA Avazyaka thaI paDaze. - pAzcAtya asarathI prabhAvita A vizvamAM 20 mI sadInA madhyamAM ochAmAM ochAM traNa pari. baLe te jarUra vataMtratAnI viruddhamAM ane niyama tathA aMkuzenI tarapheNamAM kAma karI rahyAM che. A paribaLe atyaMta joradAra tathA sAtatyazIla ane vyApaka che. A paribaLA, jene kAraNe svataMtratA gauNa gaNAya che te, che salAmatI mATenI jarUriyAta, sAmAjika nyAya mATenI mAMga tathA uccatara jIvanadhoraNa mATenI IcchA, I.sa. 1945 thI aNayuganA udaya sAthe aNuvijJAnanA jANakAra tajajJonI svataMtratA salAmatInA nAme jokhamamAM mukAI e ApaNe AgaLa joI gayA. alabatta, aNuvijJAnane taja, ThaurAnike ane prAyogika saMzodhake nA vANI vAto upara vividha sarakAranA aMkuze ane khAsa karIne A julAI/1990 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vijJAnaviSayaka carcA-vicAraNAnI emanI svataMtratA upara sarakAranAM niyaMtraNe e jAhera salAmatI mATe ghaNAM badhAM jarUrI niyaMtraNomAMnuM eka che. rAjakIya mudde gIrI kadAca aNu-AyudhathI thanAra vizvayuddhanA jokhamane lagabhaga nizcita kare ane aNuvijJAnane upaga astra-zastromAM na karatAM racanAtmaka kAryomAM karI, mAnavajAtanI bhautika sukhAkArI vadhArI mAnavakalyANamAM vadhAre karavAmAM saphaLa paNa thAya, ema chatAM paNa aNuzastro ceDAM ke kadAcita saMhAraka uoganI zakayatAnA kAraNe kaDaka jAhera aMkaze tathA enA upayoga aMgenA niyama te Avazyaka banI rahevAnA. AjathI 100 varSa pahelAM zevAyela varALathI cAlatAM upakaraNo ja dAkhalo le. Ama juo te mANasanI yaMtro uparanI sattAnA kSetramAM e samaye varALathI cAlatAM upakaraNe sivAya kazuM na hatuM, paNa A yaMtra sAme jAhera salAmatInA niyama to banAvavAmAM AvyA che. Ama, aNuzaktine phakta zAMti mATe ke kalyANa mATe paNa vAparavAmAM Ave te paNa salAmatI mATenA dhArAonI nestanAbUdI te zakya nathI, AnAthI UlaTuM, A salAmatI-dhArAonA aMkuzanI sakhtAI mANasajAtanI kudaratanAM bhautika paribaLo upara vadhatI jatI sattAne samAMtara vadhatI rahevAnI ane 20 mI sadInA A AI bhAge jyAre mANasa kudarata upara uttarottara vadhatI jhaDape kAbU meLavI rahyo che tyAre aMkuze paNa eTalI gatithI vadhavAnA. hAlanA samayamAM je salAmatInAM kAraNosara manuSyanI zA yAMtrika sattAne ane svataMtratAne niyaMtrita karavAnI tAtI jarUriyAta mATenA keI namUnArUpa dAkhalA jovA hoya te AjanI duniyAnA rasatA enA pratIkarUpa che, e samAjanI sukhAkArI mATe ane vyavaha ra mATe vadhatA jatA vAhanayavahArone kAraNe atyaMta mahatvanA banI gayA che. jema jema vAhanonI jhaDapa saMkhyA tathA gatine kAraNe akasmAtonI mAtrA vadhatI jAya che tema tema jAhera rastA uparanA va hana calAvavAnA niyama vadha vyApavALA tathA kaDaka banatA jAya che. bhUtakALamAM ghoDa gADI ke baLadagADInA samaye AvA niyaminI koI jarUra na hatI. e jamAnAmAM prazna e naDa ke akasmAta kevI rIte nivAravA, kAraNa ke jo ke I paiDAgADI baLadagADI sAthe athaDAI jAya te paNa kaI gamakhvAra akasmAta na thatA, khare-- khara te yAMtrika yugamAM prazna e AvyuM ke moTA jaththAne mAla tvarita gatithI kevI rIte mokale che. A praznane ukela te yaMtra dvArA cAlatAM vAhanethI maLe, paNa eNe akasmAta jevA navA prazna ubhA karyA ane have akasmAte kaDaka niyaMtraNa vinA aTakAvI zakAya ema paNa nathI. vijJAna ane TekanolojInA prAdhAnyavALA samAjamAM, mAnI le che, yuddhane saMpUrNapaNe nivArI wAyuM che te paNa phakta kArakhAnA ke mArgo upara thatA akasmAto ane enA kAraNe thatAM nukasAna ke vinA ekalAnI sAme ja salAmatI rAkhavAnI che evuM nathI. (bhopAla gema TrejeDI...ne yAda karIe ) bIjA jokhame sAme salAmatI jarUrI che enA udAharaNamAM nokarI daramyAna ke nivRtta thayA pachI mAMdagIthI azakta thaI jAya e che. davAonI zodhe ane enA vadhatA ja saphaLa upagane kAraNe manuSyanuM sarerAza Ayu vadhe che ane tethI ghaDapaNamAM pensananI jarUriyAta UbhI thaI che, jene bhAra samAja upara AvyA vinA rahevAne nathI. TUMkamAM, pharajiyAta jAhera vImA jevI janAo dvArA karmacArIo saMcAlake vagerene e be veThavo paDe che ke karadAtAoe kara ApIne uThAva paDe che. sAmAjika nyAya mATe karo UMce dara tathA vividha Ava-jUnuM vargIkaraNa ghaNuM avazyaka che. 20 sadImAM pAzcAtya vizva mAM A jarUriyAtane pahecI vaLavA judAM judAM vetanaparthika julAI/1990 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mALakhAonI visaMvAditA ochI karavAmAM Ave che, eTaluM nahi, jAhera nANAM dvArA jA sAmAjika sevAonI vyavasthA paNa karavAmAM Ave che. mAMdagI ke ghaDapaNamAM vImAnA vaLatara aMge samAjasevAo vagere te khAnagI AvakanI jAhera saMsthAo dvArA pharajiyAta pheravacaNInA ghA namUnAomAMnA namUnA che. AnI bIjI bAjue zuM thAya che e joIe. karadAtAnI vaiyaktika Avaka kara ApyA pachI rahetI bacata ke je e vAparI zake ke rokI zake temAM uttarottara ghaTADo thato jAya che salAmatInA nAme ke sAmAjika nyAyanA bahAne svataMtratA upara tarApa, Ama juo te, ghara meTI mAtrAmAM che, paNa enAthI vadhu lAMbA gALAnAM niyaMtraNa bhautika jIvana-dharaNane UMce la javAnI mAgaNIne kAraNe haze. jIvana-dhoraNanA viSayamAM ati Avazyaka ane garbhita mAgaNI che e ke ene UMcuM laI javA karatAM ene TakAvI rAkhavuM ane ApaNe yAda karIe ke I.sa. 1956 samagra manuSyajAtinA piNA bhAga jeTalA moTA bhAganuM jIvana-vaeNraNa bhUkhamarA-rekhAthI thoDe uparathI va kAMI na hatuM. dhAro ke trIjA vizvayanuM jokhama ghaTI gayuM che ane aNazaktine samagra upa mAnavakalyANamAM karavAmAM AvI rahyo che tethI sAdhanavihIna meTA bhAganI manuSya jAtinuM jIvana-dhorA UMce lAvavAno prayatnanI saphaLatA paNa thAya che, paNa davAonI ze tema - upaga dvArA Ava saphaLatA nahivata banI rahevAnI briTana ekalAmAM ja A davAonA upayogane kAraNe I.sa. 1740 thI mRtyuAMka nIce jate gaye, jenA kAraNe phakata 140 varSomAM briTananI varatI cAra gaNI thaI gaI cheke I.sa. 1880mAM ghaTelA janmadarane kAraNe vastIvadhArI samatulanamAM Avyo. - briTananA sAmAjika ItihAsane A anubhava e samayabiMduma-(mRtyuAMka ghaTayo e samayathI janmaka ghaTayo e samaya sudhI)-gha maTe phera batAve che, jemAM saMrakSaNAtmaka davAone kAraNe mRtyu-AMka ghaTayo ane sAmAjika nIti-rItine kAraNe janma-AMka ghaTayo, saMrakSaNAtmaka davAoma vikAsa sAdhavo te ghaNo saheluM che, kAraNa ke e buddhigamya prakriyA che. are, sAmAjika rIte pachAta ane rUDhicusta samAjamAM paNa jo koI adane mAnavI jAhera svAzyanA sAmAnya tarikkAone amalama mukAvI zake te mRtyu-AMka jhaDapathI ghaTe. AnAthI UlaTuM, sAmAjika vicArasaraNImAM pheraphAra karI janmadara nIce lAvavAnuM kAma bhAvanA gamya che. vikasita ane pragatizIla samAjamAM paNa AvI bhAvanagaNya bAbatomAM dhAryo palaTo lAvI zakAtuM nathI. svabhAvathI ja e dhImI prakriyA che. A briTananA anubhavamAM buddhigamya ane bhAvanAnama asarone gALo je 140 varSa rahyo te asAmAnya to na gaNAya ane ema chatAM e daramyAna vastI cAra gaNI vadhI gaI. briTananI vadhatI jatI varatI sAthe jIvanadhoraNa paNa UMcuM rAkhavAnuM e kAraNe saphaLa thayuM ke jAhera svArazya-sudhAraNAnI asara vartA-vadhArAmAM pariNamI enAM 25 varSanI aMdara aMdara ja briTane vogika krAMtinI zarUAta karI, jene lIdhe lagabhaga 100 varSo sudhI audyogika kSetrama pahelA rahevAne phAyado maLe, jene kAraNe "duniyAnI varkazopa" banavAnA Arthika phAyadA maLyAM. tyArabAda duniyAnA koI bIjA dezane mATe paNa e zakya na hatuM ke briTane anubhavela 140 varSa jeTalA samayagALAnI asarone e deza cheDA samayanI paNa audyogika IjArAzAhI dvArA dUra karI zake. 18 mI sadImAM cInamAM paNa vastI vadhavAnI zarUAta thaI. AnA saMyukta kAramAM maMcu sAmrAjya sthApela kAyado ane vyavasthA tathA amerikAthI ANelA navA anAjanI khetI gaNAya. bhAratavarSamAM paNa briTiza rAjaye sthApela kAyade ane vyavasthA tathA vistarelI siMcAI tema saMdezAyavahAramAM sudhArAne kAraNe 19 mI sadImAM vastIvadhAro thaze. julAI/1990 pathika For Private and Personal Use Only

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* bhIti e vAtanI che ke duniyAnI varatI e sImAe pahoMcI jaze ke jayAM vijJAnanI badhI paddhatione vyavasthita amalIkaraNa pachI paNa khAdya sAmagrInuM utpAdana vadhelI vastIne pahoMcI vaLavA samartha nahi hoya ane e daramyAna janma-aka nIce lAvavA mANasajAtanI raheNI-karaNI ( Social habits) evI rIte badalavI ke jethI janma-AMka ghaTe ane vizvanI vastI saMtulanamAM - rahe, paNa e zakavuM nathI. A saMjogomAM mAthasanI aTakaLa 150 varSa ke eTalA samayanA gALAnA karathI khATI paDaze. (jANItA arthazA strI mAMthasanuM mAnavuM hatuM ke vastIvadhAro thayA pachI kudaratI prakopathI vastI ghaTI jIvananirvAhanAM sAdhanA jaththAnA pramANamAM thaI jAya che.) manuSyanA vyavahAramAM kRtrima sAdhanathI vastI vadhAre rokavAnI paddhatio kAMI navI nathI ane ghaNI jagyAe tathA ghaNA samaye vividha gukhAothI vastIvadhArAne aMkuzamAM rakhAyo paNa che, paNa A jyAM jaya ane jyAre jayAre paNa banyuM che tyAre haMmezAM pati-patnInI marajIthI ja (kahe ke patinI marajIthI ja banyuM che ke jemaNe vaiyaktika maryAdAo potAnI jAte ja apanAvI lIdhI che. bhUtakALamAM paNa sarakArane kauTuMbika bAbatamAM AMtarika dakhala karavA jatAM ghaNuM sAvadhAna rahevuM paDyuM che. pArtAnA lAIkayurjina sAmrAjyamAM sarakArane koI bALakane jIvatuM rAkhavAnI paravAnagI na ApavAne hakaka hatuM, pachI bhalene bALakanAM mAtA-pitAnI IcchA game te hoya, paraMtu vizvamAM vastI vadhAre eTale badhe thaI gayuM che ke ApaNuM samagra praznanI khAdyasAmagrI paNa e vastIne pahecI vaLe ema nathI, tyAre kalyANarAjyanI e javAbadArI banI jAya che ke dareka jIvita vyaktine laghutama khorAka to maLe ane ene pariNAme e rAjyane lAikyujina sAmrAjaya jevI khAnAra mene maryAdita karavAnI sattA paNa maLI rahe che. je A jagatamAM mA-bApa e sIdhI-sAdI vAta samajavAmAM niSphaLa jAya che ke sAMprata jagatane emaNe keTalA chokarA pedA karavA e pUchavAne adhikAra che te jAhera sattAone pitAnI ramata upara baLajabarIthI bALakonI saMkhyA nakkI karavAnI pharaja paDaze. athavA te dukALane paDavA devo te ja A lAIkayujina baLanA paryAya tarIke AvI zake, kAraNa ke enA dvArA ja vastI ghaTe ema che. traNa pAraparika paribaLe, jevAM ke dukALa mahAmArI ane yuddha ke je vastIne vinAza bhUtakALamAM karI cUkyAM che temAMthI mahAmArI ane yuddhanA saMkajAmAMthI te ApaNe duniyAne choDAvI zakyA chIe, paNa, hA, dukALa paNa enI pAchaLa mahAmArI ane yuddhane lAvyA vinA rahevAne nahi. sabhya samAjamAM vastIvadhArAne traNa tarkahIna tathA amAnavIya paddhationA samarthanathI aTakAvI e bIju kAMI nahi, paNa * sAmAjika sabhyatAnI nAdArI ja gaNAya. A badhA saMjogomAM Ama jo koI vikalpa pasaMda karavAne AvI ja paDe te atyaMta khAnagI jIvanamAM dakhala daIne paNa vyaktinI svataMtratAne maryAdita karavAno vikalpa vadhu sArI gaNAya. A badhAMnA kAraNe hAlamAM I. sa. 1956 mAM A paNane ema lAgavA mAMDayuM ke svataMtratAne evI te abhUtapUrva rIte ghaDavAmAM Avaze ke enI asara kauTuMbika jIvana uparAMta Arthika tathA rAjakIya kSetramAM paNa vartAze. joke AjanI tArIkhamAM haju sudhI jAhera nIti dvArA kuTumbanA kadane maryAdita karavAnI koI vAta koI baLAte prazna nathI banI gayo, paNa Arthika tathA rAjakIya kSetramAM vaiyaktika rasvataMtratA upara jAhera niyaMtraNe ghaNI ja jhaDapathI vadhatAM jAya che. pAzcAtya jagata dekhItI rIte sAmAjika samAnatA tarapha AgaLa vadhI rahyuM tyAM e badhA dezamAM (sAmyavAdI ke ardha sAmyavAdI deze uparAMta paNa) atyAra sudhI akabaMdha vayaktika svataMtratA upara kApa vividha jhape vividha mAtrAmAM julAI/1990 21 For Private and Personal Use Only

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AvI rahyo che. yu.esa.e.mAM paNa AvuM ja valaNa daSTigocara thAya che. ahIM e khAsa sucaka che ke vizvanA badhA dezamAM yu.esa.e. e eka evo deza che ke jayAM bhautika jIvanadhoraNa sauthI UMcuM ane sAthe sAthe sAmAjika nyAya tathA salAmatInI jarUriyAta paNa taddana yogya rIte pUrI thayelI che. Ama, aMkuze ane niyaMtraNene yu.esa.e.mAM vadhAro thavo e AkhA vizvamAM Ave vadhAre thaze enuM sUcaka che. ravataMtratAnuM kSetra 19 mI sadImAM lagabhaga amaryAda jaNAtuM hatuM te havenA pAzcAtya samAjamAM, 20 mI sadImAM, ghaNuM sImita bane ema che temaja ahI paNa emAM moTo kApa Ave ema che. Aje jyAre svataMtratAne paNa pitAnuM astitva TakAvavA Thera Thera bhaTakavuM paDatuM hoya che e kayAM jaIne zaraNuM zodhaze? prazna eTalA mATe jarUrI che ke mANasa jema laghutama salAmatI nyAya ane che.rAka vinA jIvI nathI zakatA tema e laghutama svataMtratA vinA paNa jIvI nathI zakate. mANasanA svabhAvanI aMtargata ja svataMtratA che ke je bIjA prANIo, jevI ke UMTa bakara) vageremAM hoya che. eo svabhAvathI ja thaMDI svataMtratA mAge che ane jayAre enI dhUsarI enI sahanazIlatAnI bahAra lAgavA mAMDe che tyAre guse vyakta karIne paNa gheDI svataMtratA kevI rIte meLavI levI e barAbara jANe che. manuSyanI AvI mamata ja ghaNA sitamagAronI paDatInuM kAraNa banela che. raziyA ane cInanI kAMtino ItihAsa joIne kahI zakAya ke ghaNA lAMbA samaya sudhI sahana karanArA leke paNa eka samaye baLa karI nAkhe che ane sauthI kAryakSama ApakhudI sattA paNa jIvananA dareka kSetramAM svataMtratAne ekasAthe dabAvI devA asamartha rahI che, saramukhatyAre seITI-vAvanI jema raiyata mATe eka ja mArga rAkhI enI upara barobara beThela hoya che teone paNa vahele-moDe prajAe havAmAM uchALI phekI dIdhA che ane AvA prasaMgenI paraMparakhe hyiA rAjayastaMone e jarUra zI maLyuM che ke prajAne lAgaNI vyakta karavA mATe. koI raste rAkha hitakArI che. svabhAvika rIte ja A Apakhuda sattAdhIzoe lekanI AvI lAgaNIone evA vize ane prakriyAmAM vyakta thavA dIdhI ke je viSaya ane prakriyA emane koI khAsa mahatvanI lAgI na hoya. udAharaNasvarU5, 17 mI sadImAM pazcimanA khristI dharmanA phelAvA samaye sattAdhIzone mATe ghaNI agatyanI bAbata hatI dharma ane tethI emane emanI reta prAyagika vijJAnane upayoga kane, lochamAM kare to vAMdhAsarakhuM na jaNAyuM. have jyAre 20 mI sadImAM A vaijJAnika TekanolojI manuSyanA amApa chuM thamAM sattA mUkavA samartha che ane jayAre sarakArane mana atyAre agatyanI vastu phakta salAmatI che tyAre 17 mI sadImAM svataMtratA meLavanAra TekaniziyananI sattA hAlanI sarakAra chInavI laI rahI che. yuddha sAmenI salAmatI, akasmAte sAmenI salAmatI ane vividha mArgo sAmenI salAmatI have eka e hetu thaI gaI che ke je rAjakIya Arthika, are kahe ke, khAnagI jIvananI kauTumbika ravataMtratAne maryAdita karyA sivAya hAMsala karI na zakAya. i. sa. 1956 mAM ja ghaNI saMkucita sarakAroe A rasto apanAvI lIdhuM che ane hA, e mAnavAne paNa kaI kAraNa nathI ke AvI sarakAronuM patana thAya ke kalyANarAjyanI bhAvanA sAme e namatuM jokhe topaNa jAhera aMkuze vadhatA rahevAnA koI valaNamAM jhAjho pharaka paDe. AvA saMjogomAM amAruM evuM pUrvAnumAna che ke manuSya jagatanA itihAsanA have pachInA prakaraNamAM rAjakIya Arthika ane kauTumbika svataMtratA gumAvavAnuM vaLatara, kadAca AdhyAtmika svataMtratA pAchaLa pitAnI zaktio vAparI meLave ane tyAre sattAvALA emanI revatane ema karavA pazu deze, kemake jema 200 varSa pahelAM Takane lejI sattAvALAene hAnikAraka nahetI gaNAI tema A jamAnAmAM dharma paNa emane hAnikAraka jaNAtuM nathI. julAI/190 padhi For Private and Personal Use Only

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uparanA pUrvAnumAnane ItihAsanA AdhAra maLI rahe che. dA.ta. dhArmika pravRttionuM kSetra. bhUtakALamAM kalyANarAjyanA amala daramyAna rAjya ramatane dhArmika pravRttio calAvavA dIdhelI. AnA kAraNe raiyatane bIje kSetramAM gumAvela svataMtratAnuM thoDuM ghaNuM vaLatara maLI gayeluM ema kahevAya. AjanA samayanA jANItA dharme kayANarAjayanA mALakhAmAM rahI, ATalA UMcA UDI etihAsika kakSAe kema pahoMcyA ene javAba paNa upara batAvela kAraNe maLI rahe che. ema jovA jAo te koI sAmrAjaya jagata samagramAM vistarela nathI ane jyAM sudhI Adhunika pazcimI Tekalee aMtarane bheda miTAvI dIdho tyAMsudhI e zakaya paNa na hatuM, paNa ema chatAM bhUtakALanAM kayArarAjyamAM svataMtratA uparanA kAne lagatA anubhave bhaviSyamAM AkhA vizvane AvarI letA kalyANarAjaya ane emAM svataMtratA mATe taddana te asaMvidha nathI. A mAnavAnuM kAraNa e ke lekenI svataMtratAnI ane sarakAranI ene lagatI nIti bhetika bhUgoLane vitha nahi, paNa manuSa ravabhAvane viSaya gaNAya. mane vijJAnika ane rAjakIya dRSTie jotAM jyAre dareka dezanA lokone ghaNI bAbatamAM samAna lAgaNI lAge tyAre samagra vizvanI bhaugolika sImAo vistaye jya. che ane e eka ja kalyANarAjyane anubhava kare che. vastulakSI dRSTie paNa jotAM vyavahArothI jagata e vaizvika reya eTalA mATe gaNAya ke eka jagyAe jIvana atyaMta dura thaI jAya, te bIjI evI jagyA jagatamAM na hoya ke jyAM jIvana ekadama saraLa thaI jAya. A vastulakSI dRSTinA kaI atihAsika abhigamane dAkhale Apavo hoya te romana sAmrAjyane apAya, je "duniyAnuM nivAsasthAna" gaNAyuM hatuM ke cAInIjha sAmrAjya gaNAya ke jyAM "svarganuM sukha maLI rahe che ema manAyuM hatuM. samAna sabhyatA dharAvanAra paNa judAM judAM nAnAM nAnAM rAjyamAM vibhAjita samAjamAM, ethenziyana ke jene ethensamAM jIvana duSkara thaI gayuM hoya te e yurI ke miletasa ke evA koI anya grIka rAjyamAM grIka sabhyatAne choDavA vinA jaI zake che, jyAre bIjI bAju, remana sAmrAjyane rahevAsI jo kauzvika grIka rAjyanI nIce jIvanane kaThaNa anubhave te paNa mane vaijJAnika rIte tathA rAjakIya rIte dezanikAlanI lAgaNI anubhavyA vinA pArthiyana sAmrAjyamAM nivAsa badalI zakato nathI. Ane artha e ke jarA paNa saMpUrNa vaizvika kahANarAya manovaijJAnika dabAva utpana kare che enA kAraNe nAnA saMkucita rAjya karatAM bhinna paDe che. vaLI AvA saMpUrNa hozvika kalyANarAjyamAM enI prajAne eka baMdhiyAra vAtAvaraNanI gUMgaLAmaNa thaze ke je pelA rAjyamAM nahi thAya ke jyAM vatana badalavA mATe prajAne sAMskRtika vArase cheDavAnI jarUra nathI paDatI. AvA baMdhiyAra vAtAvaraNanI paristhiti sphoTaka hoya che ane Adaza kalyANarajiAya te e ke AvI gabhIra paristhiti pedA ja thavA na de. enI sAmAnya nIti te e ja rahe ke pitAnI prajAne e lAgaNIone Ubhare ThAlavavAnI svataMtratA Ape che jethI prajA rAjyanI aMdara hoya ke bahAra heya, ene te be paristhitionI tulanA karI kaI paristhiti sArI enI pasaMdagI karavAnuM na rahe. AvAM vaizvika kayANarAjyane prajAne ApavAnA svataMtratAnAM kSetramAM ochAmAM ochuM vAMdhAjanaka kSetra che lAge te AdhyAtmika kSetra che, bhUtakALamAM paNa AvAM rAjya jagatanA mukhya dharmone pitAne tyAM pracAra tathA phelA karavA khuda pracAra-kSetro banI gayAM hatAM. dAta. Demiyana sAmrAjya pArasI ane yahUdI dharmonuM priya rakSetra banyuM maurya sAmrAjya hInayAna bauddha dharmanuM, kuSANa ane hUNa sAmrAjya mahAyAna bauddha dharmanuM, romana sAmrAjya IsIsa ane sIelanI bhakitanuM, piTara De nizinasa (Jupiter Dolichinus)nA bhakti jahAI/1990 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mArganuM mizrAimanuM tathA khristI dharmanuM, gupta sAmrAjya baudda-dharma pachInA hindu dharmanuM tema araba khilAphata islAmanuM pracArakSetra banyu. A badhA anubhavamAMthI eka agatyanu tAraNu e nIkaLe che ke A kalyANarAjyAe rAjyAzrita dharmo sivAyanA dharmo pratye thADI zaMkAzIla dRSTi apanAvelI chatAM mATe bhAge tA A para dharmo pratye saMhaSNutA ja khatAvelI. khristI dharma rAjayAzrita banyA e pahelAMnI rAmana-sAmrAjyano nIti kaeN mahAyAna pratye kUNu sAmrAjyanA avatAra tAMga sAmrAjyanI nIti enAM tAdaza udAharaNa che. mA dAkhalAmAM dhyAna kheMce tevI bAbata A sAmrAjyavAdI sarakAroe kAI koI vakhata anya dharmena herAna karelA ke rAjyarakSaNathI vaMcita rAkhelA e nahi, paNa enA pratye mahad a Mze sahiSNutA khatAvI e che. khIjuM, AzrayanI vAta e nathI ke hindu-dharmagupta-samaya daramyAna ane islAma araba khilAphatanI nIce phUlyA phacchA, kAraNu ke banne kissAomAM A dharmote rAjyAzraya ane rAjya taraphathI pracAranuM pIThabaLa maLela, paNa rasaprada vAta to e che ke hindu-dha premI gupta rAjAoe bauddhadhamI one herAna na karyAM. pavitra kurAnamAM paNa jaNAvyuM che ema jyAMsudhI khristI yahUdIo islAma sattAne samarthana Ape ane jiyAverA bhare tyAMsudhI emanA pratye sahiSNutA rAkhavI evI sUcanA khaliphAe hiMdu ane pArasIo paratve paNa pALI; jeke hindue ke pArasIAne kurAnamAM kArTa ullekha nathI. ane AnAthI UlaTuM, dhArmika sahiSNutAne cheDI denAra rAjyoe pAchaLathI je khataranAka pariNAmo bhegAM hoya tevA te sAMkhya kissAomAMthI kalyANarAjayanA sAmAnya lakSaNa peTe dhArmika sahiSNutA UbharAI upara Ave che. bhAratavarSImAM mughalakAla daramyAna auragajhebe enA pUrvajoe sthApela hinduo taraphathI sadbhAvanI nIti cheADI te mughala saltanatanA pAyAne hracamacAvI nAkhanAra nIvaDI. rAmana sAmrAjyamAM pazu kensTenTAIne kathAlika khristI dharmanA aMgIkAra karyAM hatA chatAM anya dhamAM pratye saddabhAva rAkhyA hatA tyAMsudhI sAmAnya barAbara cAlyu', paNa tyArabAda thiye DaeNAziyasa pahelAe khInna badhA dharmAMne raMjADavAnuM zarU karyuM. tyAre sAmrAjya nAzamAMthI na bacyu'. A aitihAsika anubhavathI e kulita thAya che ke 20 mI sadImAM jo vizvane kalyANarAjyo taraphathI lAdavAmAM Ave tevAM rAjakIya tathA Arthika svata MtratA uparanAM badhane jAhera salAmatInI khAtrInA badalAmAM svIkAravAnAM hoya tA mAnavajAte pharI eka vAra svata MtratA mATe bIjuM kSetra khALavu' paDaze, kAraNa ke thADI pazu svataMtratA vinA jIvavuM ja muzkela che ane A kSetradharma haze ke je pratye sattAvALAne loko A kSetramAM caMDI ghaNI svataMtratA bhogave enA vadhe! nahi hAya. rAjye dhArmika ke Arthika svataMtratA ApavI joIe evuM jyAre ApaNe kahIe chIe tyAre e dhyAnamAM rAkhavu jarUrI che ke AvI dhArmika svata MtratA lAkAte lAvo ApavAmAM rAjaya kardi jhAjhu karatu nathI, rAjye jyAre kalyANurAjayanA khyAlane apanAvyo tyAre A svataMtratA jarUrI che, paNa e mATe e tA nakArAtmaka vaRRNu dvArA ja madada karI zake ema che. rAjyetA mukta eTalu karavAnuM rahe che ke koI paNlR dharmane anusaratA enA anuyAyIne zikSA na kare ke koI dharma tarapha bhedabhAva na kare ane e paNa jovuM jarUrI che ke zAMti-ahiMsaka sevAkAryA sivAya vividha dharmona apanAvanAra prajA AMdAma phara kalaha na kare, kharuM jotAM teA rAjyanuM ATaluM ja kAryakSetra AdhyAtmika svataMtratAnI saphaLatA mATe pUratuM na gaNAya, kAraNa ke A svataMtratA kharakhara tA lokIndra nA aMtaramAM vase e jarUrI che. sAcI AdhyAtmika svataMtratA tyAre ja meLavI zakAya ke jyAre 24 julAi/1990 pathiya For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAjane dareke dareka jaNa potAnA dharmanI mAnyatAo ane kharApaNAnA satyathI daDha thayela hoya, paNa ema chatAM pozIne dharmanA khyAle pratye paNa eTaluM ja namra heya. AvI tarathI relI sahiSNutA ja kharI sahiSNutA gaNAya. sAcI sahiSNutAne AdhAra kadAca enI pAchaLa rahelA hetuo upara rahelo che. AvA hetuo ucca temaja nimna kakSAnA ke hakArAtmaka ke nakArAtmaka paNa hoI zake che.. sauthI namna kakSAne nakArAtmaka hetu e mAnyatAmAM samAyela che ke dharmane kAI vAstavika mahattA che ja nahi ane tethI ApaNe paDezI kayA dharmane che e jANavAnI jarUra nathI, enAthI echI kakSAne nakArAtmaka hatu A mAnyatAmAM samAyela che ke dharma e te bhrama che ane tethI A dharma sAce ke pelA dhama sAce enI carcA-vicAraNA nirarthaka che. humalAkhoranA pratIkAra karavA saMgaThana dvArA baLane upayotha karavA evA kAMIka aMza catura vicAra e enathI AchI kalAne nakArAtmaka hetu che, paNa ahIM e noMdhavuM DahApaNabharyuM che ke mArA paDozI para koI paNa kAraNa vinA bhayAnaka humalA karIne pahele ghAM huM mAnuM chuM tyAre hamesA chAvAne ja evuM ha merA batAM nathI, kadAca jhaghaDAmAM pahelA ghA meM karela chatAM maratAla dhA mane ja paDe e cakAya che. AnAvo ochI kalAne nakArAtmaka hetu e mAnavuM che ke yamaka varSa Ne banahara agavaDarUva che ke jenA kAragara surakSA khatarArUpa che. A kAraNe A ja satAhabharyuM gayuM ke padapara vi2, vo mata-vivAravALA vana sa gaThane jIva ane cha dene maMtra banAve ane ekabInane khatama karavAnA vicAra choDI rAte sthApe. kaMthaka-mATa8nTAnA vama suddhAnA duSaNanA kAtarA-rUpa pAzcamanA jagata jayAre sAhaSNutAne apanA ne tyAre upavuM nakatimaka hatu A be sAhaSNutA mATa utA aA hAlanA pa tharmanA anubhava batAve che ke AvA nakArAtmaka hetuvALA vAhaSNutA kAI dAsUcaka nA. jayAdhI a Na ucca tathA hakArAtamaka hatuo tara2 na vaLI sudhI ala kAI khAtra na khAya mAM nakArAtmaka hatuovALA sAhaSNutA anuM mAthuM phera nA Ucaka. kadAya e dhAnika kakrayAnA rUpanA pharI dabA na de te e kaI binasAMpradAvaka vicAravAra, javI ke rASTra thatA phAsIvAda ka sAmyavAda-nI daSTaga para thAya, e nAvavuM sukhada che ke 17 mI sadInA paNa 31 karonaka hatuo khAstavamAM hatA ane hAlanA tabake e jarUrI bane che ke ene hagbAnu punarutthApana thAya, paraMvama sahiSNutAnA hakArAtmaka hatu pAchaLa pAvAtA samaja che e rahelI che ke vAka saMdharSo phakata sAmAjika dUSaNa nA, paNa sAthe sAthe pA5 5 che, kAraNa ke e manuSyane halA pAne jAmata kare che. rAjaya taraphathI dhananI bAbatamAM manaDa paNa eTale ja ni dalAya che, kAraNa ke AtmA ane paramAtmAne su baMdhAmAM khata devAna, mAjha ke tene 5 bAvakAra na pI. deraka banAne potAnI rIte ja Izvara sAthe tenuM bAdhavAne AvakAra che, bIjI koIne ema phakta A eka sevAnA mArge sivAya dakhala karavAne avikAra maLatA nathI ane A bAbata haMtA va ta parUpa ne , paNa taddana nirarthaka che, kAraNa ke baLathI dhama-pracAra na thaI zake, manuSya to dareka mata e pitAnA kharekhara aMta:karaNamAMthI nirdoSa rIte ekAeka sapharelI hoya che. Ama ja judA le. eno Izvara pratyenI mAnyatAo bhinna bhinna hoI zake che, kAraNa ke paramAtmA ke savApare Izvara sattA e gUDhavAdane viSaya che. manuSyajAtane eka ghaNe nA bhAga tyAMsudhI pahoMcI zakAya che ke ene jANI zakayo che. AvA mahAna gUDhavAdane mULa sudhI pahoMcavA eka ja rasto na hoI zake. mArA mate huM [anusaMdhAna pA. 8 upara ] pathika julAI 190 For Private and Personal Use Only

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18 mI sadInA gujarAtanA duSkALa* che. jayakumAra ra. zukala prAstAvika: gujarAtanA koI paNa jillAmAM khetI - saphaLatAne AdhAra mukhyatve comAsAnI Rtu upara rahetuM hatuM. dukALa na paDyo hoya athavA pUra na AvyuM hoya evuM varasa Adarza lekhad. anAvRSTi ke ativRSTine kAraNe duSkALa paDatA hatA. pAkanA saphaLa utpAdanane A ra jAnA kula varasAda upara rahetA hatA. A uparAMta, agAu vAhanavyavahAra apUrato hato ane vepAranA mArge sArI rIte vikaselA na hatA tethI A sthitimAM vasatA lokoe potAnA gAmamAM athavA AsapAsanAM gAme.mAM pedA karelA anAja upara AdhAra rAkha paDatA hatA. sthAnika pAka niSphaLa jAya evA prasaMge gujarAta jevA pratinA che emanA anAjana niyamita puravaThAnI khoTa pUravA mATe dezanA anya pradezamAMthI anAja prApta karavAnI AzA rAkhI zakatA nahi tethI asaragrasta prAMtamAM dukkALa eTale anAjanI saMpUrNa taMgI ane duSkALa paDe tyAre dhanika ane garIba badhA lo ke e lagabhaga samAna paNe enI pAyamAlIne ga banavuM paDatuM hatuM. gujarAta sadIothI duSkALane bhoga banatuM AvyuM che, Ama chatAM briTiza yuganI agAunA samayamAM paDelA duSkALane saMpUrNa hevAla prApta thatI nathI. A saMzodhana-nibaMdhamAM meM gujarAtamAM 18 mI sadImAM paDelA duSkALane abhyAsa karyo che. A samayagALAmAM gujarAtamAM mughala sattAne aMta tema marAThAonI sattAne Arema thaI rahyA hatA. [A nibaMdha lakhavAmAM meM "mirAte ahamadIne aMgrejI anuvAda, be be gejheTiyara tathA aMgrejI ane gujarAtI bhASA mAM prasiddha thayelAM pustake upayoga karyo che.] 'camana' kALa : guja!:1mAM I. sa. 1718 mAM varasAdanA abhAvane kAraNe sakhata dukALa paDyA hatA. e vi. saM. 1774 nA varasamAM AvatA hovAthI "cukavare.' kALa tarIke oLakhAya che. e samaye anAjanA bhAve eTalA evA vadhyA hatA ke bAjarI ane maTha eka rUpiyAnA cAra zera lekhe vecAtA hatAM, e paNa ghaNI muzkelI e tathA kaSTa paDyA bAda ghaNe thADA lA a meLavI zakatA hatA, paraMtu amadAvAnA nAma sunA hai ra lI khAnanA sakhata vahIvaTI akuzane kAraNe kaMi paNa vyakti nabaLA mANasa pajavaNI karI hatI nahe. namo pada nA aMte hukama jAra karavAmAM AvyA hatuM ke bahArathI lAvavAmAM AvatuM badhu anAja iMdara kulI khAnane dIna iva raghunAthadAsanI havelImAM bheguM karavuM ane tyAMthI enuM pacANa karavAmAM Avaze. vAvI lo anAja pramANasara ane emanA bhAga anusAra prApta karI zakatA hatA. Akhare e varase ghaNo moDA varasAda paDyo, paraMtu e khetI mATe upayogI thAya eTalA pramANamAM nahote. varasAdanA pAraNAme jamIna tathA medAne lIlAchama banI gayAM. aneka garIba tathA niravAra leko bhUkhano vedanA dUra karavA lAgI nIkaLatA vanapAtano pAdaDAM rAMdhIne khAvA lAgyA tathA emanI tAtra sudhA zAMta kara lAgyA. duno... AvA rAkathI leke. mAMdA paDyA ane mRtyune bheTayA. . * gujarAta itihAya pariSadanA kalakattA adhivezanamAM vaMcAyele nibaMdha, tA. 25-1188 julAI/1990 pathiA For Private and Personal Use Only

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anAjanI tIvra tAMgI tathA bhUkhamarAne kAraNe garIba loko potAnAM bhutAnAne khavaDAvI zakatA niha tethA e emane eka athavA be rUpiyAnI kiMmate vecI detA hatA, duSkALanI pAchaLa mahAmArI(marakI)nA rAga phelAyo, saMkhyAbaMdha lA bhUkhamarAthI tathA marakIne lIdhe mRtyu pAmyA. gujarAtamAM saikAothI 'calaNI' athavA khAkarakhAnI' tarIke jANItA echA vajananA kANAvALA rUpiyA anAja ghI tema kheArAkanI khIjI vastuo vagerenI kharIdI mATe vaparAtA hatA. duSkALanA A varasamAM rUpiyAnA navA sikko calaNumAM mUkavAmAM A|. bahArathI anAjanI AyAta karavAmAM AvI, paraMtu enI AyAta vepArIo dvArA ke sarakAra dvArA karavAmAM AvI hatI e jANavA maLatu nathI, 2 'aThThAIsaceA' kALa : tera varasa bAda gujarAtamAM I. sa. 1732 mAM khIne bhayaMkara duSkALa pAtho, e varase vi. sa, 1708 nI sAla hovAthI e '*siyo' kALa tarIke gujarAtamAM oLakhAya che. ema kahevAya che ke e samaye havAmAna jherI khanyuM hatuM. lagabhaga rAja anAjanA bhAva vadhatA hatA. bhUkhamarAne kAraNe meTI sakhyAmAM leke maN pAmyA. nika ne garIba baMne varganA hajAro lA tAvathI pIDAvA lAgyA. emAMthI lene ekAda saptAhamAM kramaLe! thayA ane ee mRtyu pAmyA. eTalI meTI saMkhyAmAM loko maraNu pAmyA ke emane kaphana eDhADavA athavA mRta dehene kabara ke mazAnamAM laI javA mAse maLatA nahi, darAja sagAMsa`badhIo vagaranA saMkhyAbaMdha mRna dehai| zerIe ane mArAmAMthI kheMcIne sAbaramatI nadInI retamAM kSudra vAmAM AvatA. tyAM kAgaDA ane kUtarAM ane khAtAM. 'mirAte ahamadI'nA lekhake pote cArane badale mAtra e mAmAne eka zabapeTI(Coffin)mAM, be mRtadeha laI jatA joyA hatA. sAmAnya mANumA ghaNA du:khI thaI gayA ane emaNe asahya vedanA sahana karI. AsapAsanA krasabA tema gAmeAnA leka sthaLAMtara karIne najIkanAM zaheramAM gayA, ema bhUkhamarAthI pIDAtA hatA tethI eeka hAthamAM vADe! laIne zaheramAM bhI 5 mAgavA raDavA lAgyA. ee emanAM 'tAtA tathA pautrA ke pautrIeAne vecI devA mAMgatAM hatA. mAtra eka ke be rUpiyAmAM peAtAnAM vahAlAM bALakAne vecI devA taiyAra thayelA lekanAM dazya! margo ane bhujArAmAM jovuM e vAstavamAM duHkhada dhaDanA kuMtI. AvI kudaratI ApattimAMthI mArava DIee lAbha levAnI taka jhaDapI lIdhI, 'mirAte ahamadI'ne lekhaka jaNAve che ke mAravADIe je meka pIne kuLavAna tathA nIcA kuLanI aneka sraSAne tathA bALAne kharIdI lIdhuM, emaNe potAnI mAnyatA mujaba zuddha kAne emane gulAmA banAvyAM emanu dharma parivartana karAvIne e badhAne bhAravADa UkalI ApyAM ka taraleAtA'kALa; I. sa. 1747 mAM gujarAtamAM eka bhayaMkara duSkALa paDayo, je vi, saM. 1803 mAM paDavo hevAthI taralatA' athavA 'tiletare.' kALa tarIke oLakhAya che. e varase leza mAtra varasAda paDyo nahiM tethI pANInI pazu tIvra taMgI paDI, ghAsa paNa UgyuM nahi, lene apAra du:kho veDavA paDyAM, lAkee bhegA maLIne varasAda mATe paramezvarane prArthavAe karI, muslamoe badoe karI, paraMtu muzkelIe AchI thaI Di. anAjanA bhAvA ghaNA vadhI gayA. atAja eka rUpiyAnuM cha zera ke ATha rora vecAtu hatu. gAmaDAMnA garIba saikA anAjanA abhAve jhADanAM mULiyAM khAvA lAgyA. kherAkanI zodhamAM bhaTakatA lA prANIonAM maDadA khorAka tarIke upayoga karavA lAgyA. taLAva ane TAMkAM bhikhArI tathA garIbe.nAM tAMsaLAM jevAM sUkAM ane khAlI thai gayAM. paNInI achatane lIdhe anAja pazu maithu pathika julAI 1990 27 For Private and Personal Use Only

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thaI gayuM. khAma karIne pATaNa jillA leke pANI vinA mAchalAmI mAphaka azAMta banyA. e pAtAnA raheThANAne tyAga karIne khArAkanI zodhamAM AthI tema bhaTakavA lAgyA. e TALAmAM bhegA thaIne mALavA tathA dezanA anya pradezAmAM sthaLAMtara karI gayA tethI e vistAranAM aneka gAme ujaDa banyAM hatAM. a! prakAranI sthiti AkhuM varasa cAlu rahI. aneka loko ane DhAra anukrame anAja tathA ghAsanA abhAve mRtyu pAmyAM,4 anAjanA bhAvA dhaNuA UMcA gayA ane eka rUpiyAmAM che ke A zera anAja vecAtuM hatu. pa satarA' kALa : I.sa. 1761 mAM gujarAtamAM havAnuM pradUSaNa tathA mAravADInAM tAkAta ne kAraNe duSkALa paDayo hatA. e vi.sa'. 1817 mAM Avato hovAthI gujarAtamAM 'satarA' kALa tarIke oLakhAya che. DA samAM eTale ke be ke traNa divasamAM bharakIne kAraNe dvArA loko maraNa pAmyA. mRtyu pAmanAranI saMkhyA eTalI mATI hatI ke daphanadhi athavA agnisa'skAra karavA mATe mANase maLatA hatA. sattAvALAo taraphathI binavArasI mRtadehane sAbaramatI nadI pAse nAkhI devAmAM AvatA hatA. najIkanAM sakhA ane gAmeAnA bhUkhe maratA loko gremanAM bhUkhyAM saMtAtAne vecI devAnA irAdAthI zaheramAM jatA. eka piyA athavA e rUpiyAnA eka lekhe bALako vecAtAM hatAM. anAjanA bhAve khuba UMcA gayA ane e bhAve Azare sAta varasa sudhI cAlu rahyA. sAma nya prakAranuM anAja eka rUpiyAnA vIsa zera lekhe vecAtu hatuM ka suDatALA' kALa : I.sa. 1790-91 nA varasamAM gujarAta ane saurASTramAM varasAda paDyo nahi tethI anAja pAkathuM nahi ane duSkALa paDyo. gujarAtamAM ene 'sutALe,' kALa eTale ke visa', 1847 nA kALa kahe che. e samaye anAjanA bhAvA ghaNA UM'cA gayA. manAja eka rUpiyAnuM suratI AThe zera vecAtu hatu. je loko pAse emanAM gAmAmAM anAjanA saMgraha karelA hatA te garIba ane bhUkhyA leAA lUTI jaze evA bhayathI vecavAnI hiMmata karatA naTThAtA, keTalAka DhAranA khorAka (cattle-bood) tathA cokhAnA sUpa khAIne jIvavA lAgyA. keTalAka pratiSThita lekA paNa bhukhe maratA hAvAthI emaNe kUvA taLAva ke nadImAM paDIte athavA anya koI rIte jIvanane aMta ANyo. keTalAMka rAkhApoe peAtAnAM ALArkane mArI nAMkhIne emanu mAMsa khAdhuM. sAnu ane cAMdInA dAgInA ghI ochI kiMmate vecAvA lAgyA, parantu ene kharIdanAra kAI nahetu. e sabhya asahya garamI paDavAthI cALe! phATI nIkaLyA, surata zahera! aneka lokA mRtyu pAmyA. mRtyu minAranI sakhyA eTalI mATI hatI ke sArA ane navasArI daravAjA pAse meTA khADA khodIne emAM mRta dehezane ghaTavAmAM AvyA. garIkhAnA mRta deha mArgo duSkALa doDha varasa cAlyA.7 upara paDI rahetA. A sAraha(jUnAgaDha rAjya mAM duSkALanI asara ghaNI tIvra hatI. trAsa tathA tAja ghaNA UMcA bhAve vecAtartA hatAM. garIba loko roTalo meLavavA mATe muslima thaI gayA. khAtI kudaratI ApattimAM navAnA nImela! kharA bhAMgarALa verAvaLa tathA pATaNa paragaNAMemAM mahesUla ugharAvavAmAM ghaNA kaDaka banyA. cAravADane killA dIvAna rAjI amarachanI sattA heThaLa mUkavAmAM AvyeA hatA, emaNe potAnI javAbadArI para bAkI mahesUla bharI dIdhu' ane sainikAne haDAvI lIdhA. kheDA jillAmAM 1090-91 mAM ati ga MbhIra duSkALa paDayo hatA. AkhA varasa daramyAna mAtra eka vAra varasAda paDayo hato. loine mALavA tarapha sthaLAMtara karavuM paDayu. te tyAM marakInA bhAga banavAthI ghaNI meTI sakhyAmAM leAkA maraNa pAmyA. vaDodarAnA mahArAjA gAyakavADe ghAsanI 28 julAI/1990 pathika For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra UpajamAM cothA hirasA lIdhA te sivAya temaNe badha' mahesUla mApha karyuM' ema kahevAya che tathA gunAe dabAvI devAnAM pagalAM lIdho. A hadanI sthiti daramyAna e ziloMgamAM saDA khAra zera bAjarI, 16 zera ghauM, 24 zera DuMgara ane 20 zera dALa vecAtI. 9 e duSkALanA hevAla ApatAM rasaiyada zarIpha zekhe jaNAvyuM ke bhAjIrAva pezavAnA kuTuMbano rAdhAbA nAmano saradAra bhukhe maratA ghaNA lokone laIne pUnAthI surata gayA ane vepArIoe chupAvI devA prayAMsA karavA chatAM anAjanI lUMTa karI samaye nijhAmuddIna saratano sUkSmA hatA. suratamAM anAja maLatuM na hatu. tyAre DhArane mArI nAkhIne enuM mAMsa ochI ki'te vecavAmAM AvyuM', ema chatAM saMkhyAba"dha leka bhukhathI mRtyu pAmyA. garIba emanA bALakone ATha AnA(50 paisA)nA eka lekhe vecI deta keTalAka garImA emanAM bALakanuM jIvana bacAvI levAnA irA- dAthI nika lokeAne mata ApI detA hatA 10 mArga upara lekane lUTI levAmAM AtatA hovAthI asalAmatI pravartatI hatI. 1790-91 amadAvAdamAM saMkhyAbaMdha lA ane DhAra duSkALa tathA rAgacALAne lIdhe mRtyu pAmyAM. anAjanA bhAva eTalA mAM vadhyA ke e eka mahunA cAra AnA(25 paisA ne badale eka maNanA mepiyA lekhe vecAtuM hatuM. vividha sthaLeAe vecAtA anAjanA bhAva nIce mujaba hatA : kAcA maNanA bharava cAkhA varSa za. AnA 1- 3 23 varSa 1790-91 "1 33 pathi kheDA jillA bAjarI ghauM. kodA sthaLa sANaMda tAlukA vALakA prAtIja 11 www.kobatirth.org z sthaLa sANaMda tAlukA vALakA prAMtIja juvAra rA tuveranI dALa baMTI dhI AvA maga 1-14 -- 2=00 190-91 rUA. 1/ 1 19 vepArIonA jUnA cApaDAmAMthI meLavelA bhAva 1 1 1 - 1 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1 sArI jAtanA cAkhA ghauM za. mAnA za. AnA 1-14 1-4 ma julAI/1990 For Private and Personal Use Only 2-00 5-00 - dhI Q.CO zere 18 16 27 125 20 24 ra zA 221 bAjarI rU. AtA 112 1 t gALa *** 10-0 { 29

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m gavAra khAdya tela goLa tamAku m m m m m m m divela bharUca jillo 12 1780-9ii rU! 10/ - 16 maNanI 1 kaLazInA juvAra rU. 75/bAjarI rUA. 45/rUA. 14 eka maNanA sthaLAMtara : potAnA pradezamAM sakhata duSkALa hovAthI mAravADa ane saurASTramAMthI loko moTI saMkhyAmAM gujarAtanA vividha jillAomAM AvI vasI gayA hatA.. rAhatanAM kAryo : A duSkALa daramyAna vaDedarA rAjayamAM sarakArI tijorImAMthI garIba lekane nANAM vaheMcavAmAM AvatAM hatA. A uparAMta yuvA ane taLAve che vA jevAM rAhatanAM kAryo sarakAra ' hA zarU karavAmAM AvyAM hatAM tathA bhUkhe maratA lokone khorAka pUro pADavAmAM AvatuM hatuM 13 revAkAMThA vistAranA bhUkhe maratA leka rAjapIpaLA devagaDha bAriyA choTAudepura saMtarAmapura luNAvADA vADAsinera vagere rAjyanA rAjA pAse gayA, jyAM eone rAka ApavAmAM AvatA hato. 14 bharUcanA lalubhAI majamUdAra tathA AzArAme emanAM anAjana gAme khullo mUkIne garIba lekene nA mULe anAja vecavAnI vyavasthA karI hatI. keTalAka dhanika leToe makAna badhAvavAnuM zarU karIne garIba lekine kAma ApyuM. mAMDavI(surata jillAnA rAjAne dezanA anya pradezamAMthI anAja Athata karyuM ane garIba leka ne vahecyuM hatuM. 15 suratanA eka zrImaMta ratanajI mANekajI AMTIe dAna karavAnI bhAvanAthI ochA bhAve anAja vahecavAnI vyavasthA karelI. janarala belAsise suratanA lokone rAhata ApavA mATe phALo ugharAvyuM hatuM ke niSkarSa : duSkALanA samaye anAjA bhAvo ghaNA UMcA jatA ane garIba lo ke bhUkhamarAne lIdhe ghaNI moTI saMkhyAmAM mRtyu pAmatA hatA, bhUkha saMtoSavA mATe garIba leke pAMdaDAM ane jhADanAM mULa khAIne jIvatA hatA. bArakanI tIvra taMgIne kAraNe ke emanAM bALakane khavarAvI zakatA nahi tethI e emane eka ke be rUpiyAmAM vecI detA hatA. bhUkhamarAne lIdhe Dhera paNa moTI saMkhyAmAM maraNa pAmatAM. loke bhUkhamare tathA rokacALAne kAraNe paNa mRtyu pAmatA hatA keTalAka AbarUdAra ke bhIkha mAgI na zakavAthI kuvA taLAva ke nadImAM paDIne ApaghAta kartA hatA, kherAkanI zodhamAM gAmaDAMomAMthI leka pAsenAM zaheromAM sthaLAMtara karatA hatA. gujarAtanA ghaNA le ke dezanA anya pradezamAM sthaLAMtara karI jatA. rAka meLavavA mATe keTalAka loko dharma parivartana [anusaMdhAna che. 8 nIce ] : julAI 1990 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rASTrane svAtaMtryasaMgrAma ane mahesANA jillA UMjhA kAvatarA-kesanA saMdarbhamAM eka vizeSa abhyAsa zro. dAusiMha zivasiMha vAghelA uttara gujarAtamAM avele mahesANA jile e prathama vaDodarA rAjane eka bhAga hatA. e vakhate e mahesANA prAMta' tarIke oLakhAtuM hatuM. gAyakavADI rAjyamAM zAMti hatI, paraMtu pAse ja AvelA briTiza pradezamAM jayAM jayAM satyAgraha thatA tyAM tyAM mahesANA jillAne svAtaMtrya-sainike pahoMcI jatA ane tyAM satyAgrahI banI laDatamAM Teko ApatA mahesANA jillAnI prajAe phakta 1942 nI laDatamAM ja bhAga lIdho na hato, jA jillAnI prajAe 1857 ane 1930nI caLavaLamAM paNa bhAga lIdho hato. 1858 thI ja A jillAnA kherALu vaDanagara ane vijApura laDatanAM kendra banyAM hatAM ane jillAnA prathama zahIde paNa e vakhate thayA hatA. 1930 nI latamAM paNa A jillAnA juvAne e bhAga lIdhe hate. A jillAnA e vIramagAmamIThAnA kAyadAnA bhaMganA kAryakramamAM bhAga lIdhe hato. khAsa karIne kaDInA mANase emAM hatA. 194ra ne 'hiMda choDo' laDatamAM paNa jillAnA juvAnoe bhAga lIdho hato. 1942 mAM, khAsa karIne, mahesANA jillAnA kala kaDI kherALu cANasmA pATaNa mahesANA visanagara vinapura siddhapura vagere tAlukAone mahattavane phALe hate. mahesANA jille gAyakavADI rAjyane bhAga levAthI aMgrejo sAme sIdhI laDatanuM koI kAraNa na hatuM, chatAM gujarAta ane bhAratavarSanA bIjA bhAgamAM jayAre AjhAdInI laDate jora pakaDayuM tyAre sahaja rIte ja enA paDaghA gAyakavADI prajamAM paDayA. paDezI prajAnAM vicAra ane AMdolana | mahesANA jillAmAM pahelAM ane paDozI prajAne sAtha ApavA ahIM paNa aMgrejo sAme laData zarU thaI. 194ra nI laDate dezanA badhA vistAramAM ugra svarUpa dhAraNa karyuM hatuM emAM mahesANA jillAnuM pradAna ochuM nathI. mahesANA jillAnA yuvakrie A laDatanuM saMcAlana vaDedaro zaheramAM mahesANA jilA mitramaMDaLa" dvArA karyuM hatuM. A maMDaLa pAchaLathI "Arya saMgaThana pragati maMDaLa'nA nAme eLakhAyuM. A maMDaLanA sabhyo karmayoganA pracAranA bahAne rASTriya pravRttio karatA hatA. A maMDaLanA sabhyomAMthI keTalAke bhAMgaDiyA pravRttine paNa Azaro lIdhe ha. - mahesANA jillAnA keTalAka javAne vaDodarAmAM sarakArI nokarI karatA hatA teoe vicAryuM ke A laData mATe khaDatala juvAne taiyAra karavA kAI yojanA banAvavI joIe. emaNe A pravRtti mATe eka maMDaLa racavAne nirNaya karyo ane "mahesANA jillA mitramaMDaLanI sthApanA karI. mahesANA jillA mitramaMDaLa' khamIravaMtA juvAne taiyAra karavA vaDodarAnA nAgaravADA mAM Adarza chAtrAlaya zarU karyuM hatuM. chAtrAlayamAM rahenAra dareka yuke svAzrayI jIvana jIvavAnuM hatuM. jAte rAMdhavuM, anAja sApha karavuM, vAsaNa sApha karavAM, vagere pravRtta jati karavAnI rahetI. khorAkamAM dALa khIcaDI ane bAjarInA roTalA temaja ghInA badale tala khAvAnuM rahetuM. A javAne kamATIbAgamAM dararoja kasaratanI tema lAThI vagerenI tAlIma ApavAnI chAtrAlaya taraphathI vyavasthA karavAmAM AvatI hatI. vaktRtvaspardhAonuM Ayojana karIne emane bhASaNa karavAnI tAlIma paNa apAtI hatI. AvI AkarI jIvana*gujarAta itisAsa-parijhAnA kalakattA-adhivezanamAM vaMcAyele niba6 tA. 26-11-88 pazciA julAI/1990 For Private and Personal Use Only

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*seATI DhAvA chatAMya meTI sa MkhyAmAM yuvake chAtrAlayamAM bhegA thatA ane deza mATe khamIravaMtA juvAnAnu saMgaThita daLa Ama taiyAra thayuM hatuM. 1942 mAM jyAre hindu cheDo'nI hAkala thaI tyAre eka alaukika zaktie mitrama`DaLanA sabhyAne AjhAdInI laDatamAM kAmagIrI bajAvavA vizvAsamAM lIdhA. A alokika zakti 'ple-cera'nA nAme oLakhAtI hatI, A alaukika zaktinuM vAhana tulasIbhAI paTela, pUnamacaMda paTela, hemacaMdabhAI paTela, rAmajIbhAI paTela, karkAntabhAI vyAsa vagere karatA hatA. zrI tulasIbhAinA kahevA pramANe A ple-cera upara lADa kriznA AtmA AvatA hatA ane e badhA sabhyone laDatanuM saMcAlana keDI rIte karavu enI sUcanA ApatA hatA. A alaukika zaktie A ma`DaLanA sabhyone potAnAmAM saMpUrNa zradghA rAkhavAnuM sUcana karI 1942nI laDatamAM mArgadarzana ane madadu ApavAnuM svIkAryu. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir sau-prathama A alaukika zaktinA vAhanathI mitramaMDaLatu badhAraNa taiyAra thayuM, jethI have e AOsa'gaThana pragatima`DaLa'nA nAme kSeALakhAyuM, Ama maDhesANA jillA mitrama'DaLa'nA nAme oLakhAtuM maMDaLa have "mA saMgaThana pratimA"nA nAme oLakhAvA lAgyuM. A maMDaLanA zarUAtamAM vI8 sabhya hatA. A pratimaDaLanI kArobArInu nAma 'svastika loga' hatuM. A maMDaLanA sabhya mATe "gItA" zraddhAnu pratIka hatA, lADa krizAnuM ple-ceramAM AvAhana karatA hatA ane emanA mArgadarzanavI laData daramyAna sabhyo pAtAnI pharaja zrRjAvatA hatA. niSkAma karma dareka sabhye karavAnu hatuM. jema mahAbhAratanA yuddhamAM zrI kRSNa bhagatrAne netRtva pUruM pADyu hatu tema maMDaLanA sabhyAne korA jevA svAdhI a Mgrejone hAMkI kADhavA mATe ple-cera mArga ka ne Apyu hatu.. A maMDaLanA sabhyo AjhAdI mATe AtmalidAna ApavA tatpara hatA, A maMDaLanA je sabhyane krAMtikArI pravRttimAM rasa hato tevA adhA sabhyoe bhegA maLIne sarakArane haMphAvavA mATe nIce jaNuAvyA pramANenI bhAMgaphaiDiyA pravRti karavAnuM vicAyu'' : (1) bheMmbayAjanA : najIkanA relave sTeyanA parathI mAlagADI AvavAnA samAcAra meLavI relavenA pATA para bomba gADavI gADIo uthalAvavI. (2) huthiyArA ekaThAM karavAM (3) sarakArI milakatonA nAza karavA. (4) grAma-vistAranI prajAne bhaviSyanA khaLavA mATe jAgrata karavI. (5) uparyukta pravRttio mATe Arthika sagavaDanI vyavasthA karavI. 32 A pratima`DaLanA sabhyone muMbaInAM gupta maLe te jillAnA dezapremIe pAsethI paisA maLatA hatA, paraMtu 1942 nA DisembaramAM ma`DaLa pAse nANAM khUTatAM ma`DaLanA sabhyAe ple-cerane prazna pUcho : nANAM kAMthI meLavavAM ? enA javAbamAM Adeza maLyA ke game te mArge kaMI paNa paisAdAra pAsethI paisA meLavA. julAI 1990 For Private and Personal Use Only [apUrNa] pathika

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julAI '90 Reg. No. GAMC-19 [pUDI 2 thI cAlu ] mahAdeva (vAva-banAsakAMThA)nA maMdiramAMnI ane vaDodarAnA mAMjalapura vistAranI sudarzana sosAyaTImAMthI prApta tathA amadAvAdanA purAtatva khAtAnA saMgrahamAMnI pratimAomAM zrIvatsanAM cituM jovA maLe che. zrIvatsanA civALI keTalIka pratimAo rAjasthAnamAMthI maLI hovAnuM noMdhAyuM che. 11 nIlakaMTha mahAdeva( miyANI)nI lakulIza pratimAone suDoLa sapramANa deha ane AlekhanazailI 11 mI sadInAM zi9one maLatAM. che. lakulIzanI bIjI eka pratimA ghumalI-navalakhA maMdiranI UMcI pIThikAnA uttara taraphanA goLa staralikAyukta gavAkSamAM AvelI che. ahIM lakulIzane vetrAsana para mUkelA geLa Asana para padmAsana vALIne beThelA batAvyA che. pratimA ghasAyelI hovAthI vizeSa pratimA lakSaNo tAravI zakAtAM nathI, ema chatAM pratimAnA jamaNA hAthamAM lakuTa(daDa)nA thaDe bhAga jaLavAya che, jyAre DAbA hAthamAM mAtuliMga dhAraNa karela che. khabhAne aDakatI 4. . . . masta ka para uSNISa, uparanAM bhAgamAM padmapatranuM Alekhana, Urva meDha-avasthA ane Asana para liMgane nIcene aMDabhAga (vRSaNa) khAsa noMdhapAtra che. A pratimA paNa 11 mI sadInI jaNAya che. che. be je, vidyAbhavana, Azrama reDa, amadAvAda-38 00 09 -3: 00 09 - .) rAmabhAI sAvaliyA saurASTrapravAsa daramyAna A pratimAo vize dhyAna dorI mArgadarzana ApavA badala hai. pravINabhAI sI. parIkhane AbhArI chuM. 2. vAyupurANa, khaMDa 1, a. 23, zleka 203-214 3. je pI. amIna, gujarAtanuM zavam tivadhAna', pR 82 * ejana, 83 5. je pI amIna, "gujarAtamAM zaivadharmanuM prAcIna svarUpa tathA ene uttarakAlIna pracAra (I. sa1300 sudhI." mahAnibaMdha (apragaTa), 1964, pR. 274-76 6. ka bhA. dave, gujarAtanuM mUtividhAna', pR. 304 7. je pI. amIna, uparyukta mahAniba'dha), citra 83 thI 91 8. ravi hajaranIsa, lakulIzanI eka apragaTa pratimA', "vidyApITha", varSa 19, aMka 1, 1981, 5, 40-41 9, mu. ha, rAvala, karNAvatI amadAvAdanI lakulIzapratimA', 'sAmIpya", pu. 5, aMka 3-4, 1988-89, pR. 107-108 10, je. pI. amIna, gu. ze mU, pR 84 11 ratanacaMdra agravAla, zrIvatsa, lAMchana Ina dha lakulIza ImejIsa', 'varadA" (hindI), vaM. 7, naM 2, 1964, pR 1-4 mudraka prakAzaka ane tatrI : " pathika kAryAlaya ' mATe pro. kezavarAma kA. zAstrI, The, madhuvana, elisabrija, - amadAvAda-380 006 tA. 15-7-1990 mudraNasthAna : preraNA mudraNAlaya, rustamaalIne DhALa, mirajApura, amadAvAda-380 001 pU' : InTaranezanala prinTiga vaphasa, zAhapura, mALIvADAnI poLa sAme, amadAvAda-380 001, For Private and Personal Use Only