Bhavan Vibhavan

Author(s): Kumarpal Desai
Publisher: Jaibhikkhu Sahitya Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034273/1

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bhAvaLa vibhAvanA kumArapALa desAI

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bhAvana-vibhAvana jhumArapALa desAI

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BHAVAN-VIBHAVAN BY KUMARPAL DESAI prathama AvRtti : me 1988 dvitIya AvRtti : sapTembara 1998 tRtIya AvRtti : sapTembara 2OO C sarva hakka lekhakanA kiMmata : eka hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA prakAranuM kumArapALa desAI (mAnada maMtrI) zrI jayabhikhu sAhitya TrasTa 13/bI, caMdranagara sosAyaTI, pAlaDI, amadAvAda-3807 mukhya vikretA : kSitijanA ovAre pragaTelA sahasararimanA teja biMbamAMthI phUTatAM kiraNo ekasAthe jana ane vana, mAnava ane makAna - ema sarvane sarva dizAethI ajavALe che te ja rIte kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanA virATa pratibhApuMja mAMthI pragaTatI tejasaravANIoe samakAlIna prajAjIvananAM sarva aMgone prakAzita karyA che. gujarAtI bhASAnuM prabhAta kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryathI UghaDe che. gujarAtanI asmitAnA e prathama chaDIdAra. bhAratabharanA sArasvata diggajonI paMktimAM sthAna dharAve tevo gujarAtI vidvattAno apratima mAnadaMDa hemacaMdrAcAryathI sthapAya che. solaMkIyuganI vidvattA, rAjasattA, lokavyavahAra, janajIvana, bhASA, sAhitya, sabhyatA ane saMskAritA - A badhAM ja kSetro emanI vizALa pratibhAnA tejathI chavAI gayAM hatAM. AthI savAla e jAge che ke emane jyotirdhara kahevA ke yugapravartaka gaNavA ? bhagavatI oNpharsaTa sI-15, bAraDolapurA, dariyApura daravAjA bahAra, amadavAda-380008

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bhAvana-vibhAvana mahAsamartha sArasvata kahevA ke jIvanakalAdhara kahevA ? samanvayadRSTi dharAvatA mahAna AcArya gaNavA ke pachI bharapUra gujarAtI prajAnI sUtelI asmitAne jagADanArA lokanAyaka kahevA ? DaoN. piTarsane emanA jIvanakArya vize Azcarya vyakta karatAM hemacaMdrAcAryane 'jJAnano mahAsAgara' (Ocean of Knowledge)" kahyA hatA. paM. becaradAsa dozI emanA agAdha pAMDityapUrNa vyaktitvane *jIvaMta zabdakoza' kahIne aMjali Ape che. to muni puNyavijayajI emanI sarvadharmasamabhAva ane anekAMta dRSTine joIne temane *sAdvAdavijJAnamUrti' tarIke oLakhAve che. kanaiyAlAla munazI ane dhUmaketu jevA gujarAtanA prathama paMktinA sarjakoe paNa emanI sAhityopAsanAne bhavya aMjali arpI che. zrI kanaiyAlAla munazI hemacaMdrAcAryanI 'gujarAtanA sAhityasvAmIonA ziromaNi ane gujarAtanI asmitAno pAyo nAkhanAra jyotirdhara '" tarIke oLakha Ape che. jyAre hemacaMdrAcAryanA caritrakAra zrI dhUmaketu emane 'hara koI jamAnAnA mahApuruSa'' tarIke Adara Ape che. keTalAke hemacaMdrAcAryane siddhasena, divAkara ane Arya suhastinA anugAmI tarIke joyA che, to koIe emanI sAhityasevAne anulakSIne bIjA pataMjali, pANini, mammaTa, piMgalAcArya, bhakTi ke amarasiMha kozakAra tarIke oLakhAvavAno prayatna karyo che. judA judA kSetranI emanI siddhine mATe emaNe judAM judAM vizeSaNo prayojyAM che. chevaTe kaLikALasarvajJa kahIne A eka vizeSaNamAM badhAM vizeSaNono samAveza karavAmAM Avyo. jo ke dIvAna bahAdura kRSNalAla mo. jhaverI to kahe che ke kaLikALasarvajJa karatAM paNa vadhu uccatA darzAvatuM vizeSaNa vAparo topaNa temAM saheje atizayokti kahevAze nahi." hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA gujarAtanA saMskArajIvana para najara karIe to sAhitya, samAja , deza, saMskAra ke sAdhutAnA kSetramAM vyApI jatI emanI tole Ave tevI, bIjI koI vibhUti jovA maLatI nathI. sAMpradAyikatAnI saMkIrNa dIvAlone oLaMgIne teo potAnA saMyama, sAhitya ane sAdhutAnA baLe gujarAtanA saMskArasvAmI, parama sArasvata ane sanmAnanIya rAjaguru tarIke mokhare rahyA. emaNe jIvanadharma uparAMta lokadharma, rAja dharma ane yuddhadharmanI rAjA ane prajAne yogya samaja ApI. nirlepa sAdhu hovA chatAM teo vyavahAradakSa rahyA hatA. vastutaH teo vyavahAradakSa virya hatA. emanI vidvattA mAtra pothIpurANamAM baddha nahotI. tenAthI emaNe prajAkIya asmitAno utkarSa sAdhyo hato. koI pada ke mobhAnI paravA karyA vagara gurjara saMskRtinA pAyAmAM zrI ane sarasvatInI sthApanA karI batAvavA mathato akSarapuruSArtha temaNe jiMdagIbhara avirata sAdhyo hato. gurjara dezanA rAjA ane prajA ubhayanA saMskAranirmAtA, niHspRhI sAdhu, samayadharmI kuzaLa rAjanItijJa ane gahana adhyAtmayoganA UrdhvagAmI yAtrika paNa hatA. prazna e thAya ke kaye samaye emaNe jIvanamAM kyuM kArya karyuM haze ? sAdhutAnA AcAro sAcavIne kaI rIte jAherajIvananI ATalI badhI preraka pravRtti karI haze ? azokanA zilAlekhamAM kotarAyelA ahiMsAnI bhAvanAno choDa emaNe kaI rIte gurjarabhUmimAM vAvIne ugADyo haze ? ATalAM vibhinna kSetromAM sAteka dAyakA jeTalA dIrdhakALa sudhI emanA jevuM bhagIratha ane ciraMjIva kArya karanAra anya koI vibhUti madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA itihAsamAM maLavI muzkela che. bahumukhI pratibhAvALA temanA A virATa vyaktitvane kAraNe gujarAtanA sAMskRtika itihAsanA A suvarNayugane 'hamayuga" gaNavAmAM Ave che. gurjarasaMskRtinA be mukhya pAyA ahiMsA ane anekAMta

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA siddhAMtane hemacaMdrAcArya daDhamUla karI Ape che. arvAcIna kALamAM gAMdhIjIe jIvananAM tamAma kSetromAM teno prayoga karI batAvyo te jotAM hemacaMdrAcAryanA jIvanakAryanuM sAtatya gAMdhIjImAM dekhAya. hemacaMdrAcAryanA sAhityamAMnuM viSayavaividhya AzcaryakAraka lAge che. kAvya, nyAya, koza, yoga, chaMda, alaMkAra, itihAsa, purANa ane vyAkaraNa - ema aneka viSayo para emaNe zAstrIya pAMDityapUrNa graMthonI racanA karI che. A graMthamAMthI e paNa khyAla Ave che ke teo maMtra, taMtra, zilya, vaidaka, yaMtra, jyotiSa, yuddha zAstra, vanaspatividyA, sAmudrikazAstra, rasAyaNazAstra, ratnavidyA vagere vidyAonA paNa jJAtA hatA. emanuM samagra lekhanakArya jotAM ema lAge che ke gahana ciMtanazIlatA, apratima sarjakatA ane marmagAmI bhAvayitrI pratibhA vinA ATaluM vipula ane sattvazIla sAhitya eka vyaktinA jIvanakALa daramiyAna sarjAvuM lagabhaga azakya che. vidyAbhyAsa, vicAronI vizadatA jALavIne viSayanI sacoTa ane sAMgopAMga carcA thAya tevI ojasvI AlekhanarItinuM Ayojana emaNe karelI graMtharacanAmAM sAmAnyatayA jovA maLe che. saMskRta uparAMta prAkRta, apabhraMza ane dezya bhASAnA vAyamAM paNa emanI lekhinIe sahaja vihAra karelo che. emanuM prAkRta vyAkaraNa to samagra bhAratIya vADmayamAM e viSayanA apUrva ane ananya graMtha tarIke Adara pAmyuM che. temaNe emAM badhA prakAranI prAkRtane lagatuM vyAkaraNa ApyuM. temaNe svaracita kRtio para vistRta svapajJa TIkA lakhI che. lupta thayelA sAhityamAMthI aneka avataraNo TAMkIne emaNe lokasAhityanI hRdayasparzitAno sarvaprathama saMkta Apyo. anugAmIone mATe gahana viSayane sugama rIte Ayojanabaddha paddhatie AlekhavAno Adarza temaNe pUro pADyo ema kahI zakAya. temanI A hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA khAsiyata vizada bhASA, prAsAdika zailI ane viSayano sarvagrAhI paricaya ApatA mImAMsAgraMthomAM khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. "siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana', 'kyAzraya' mahAkAvya ke 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' jevA vizALakAya graMtho to emanA pratibhAtaMbha jevA che, paNa 'a yogavyavacchedAtrizikA' jevA batrIsa zlokanA nAnA stutikAvyamAM paNa emanI pratibhAnA sphalligono sparza thayA vinA raheto nathI. gujarAtanI lukhIsukI bhUmi para hemacaMdrAcArye Ama sarasvatIno dhodha vahevaDAvyo ane bhaviSyamAM UghaDanArI gujarAtI bhASAnAM bIjane tatkAlIna bolAtI bhASAnA jalasiMcana sAthe jJAna, vidvattA, zAstrIyatAno puTa caDAvyo e moTA sabhAgyanI vAta che. maitraka vaMzano rAjA guhasena saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza - ema traNeya bhASAmAM racanA karato hato tevA ullekho sAMpaDe che. hemacaMdrAcAryanA A traNe bhASAmAM racAyelA graMtho to maLe che, paNa, ethIye vizeSa temaNe A traNeya bhASAnA koza ane vyAkaraNa racIne ananya abhyAsasAdhana sulabha karI ApyuM. Ane pariNAme jainetara vidvAnomAM paNa hemacaMdrAcAryanI kRtio Adara pAmI. chaMdazAstranA TIkAkAra halAyudha jevA to hemacaMdrAcAryanI kRtionA sIdhesIdhA graMthasaMdarbho ja TAMke siddharAjanuM zarya ane kumArapALanI saMskArapriyatA hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAdhutAnI jyotathI vadhu prakAzita banI. hemacaMdrAcArya vinA solaMkIyuganA suvarNakALanA sImADA mAtra prajAnI bhautika siddhi-samRddhi sudhI ja sImita raheta. jJAna ane saMskAranA samanvayarUpa zIla vikasyuM hota ke kema e prazna che. vidyAnuM teja rAjAonI AMkhamAM AMjIne prajAjIvananAM sarva kSetrone e tejathI prakAzita karanAra samartha saMskRtipuruSa te hemacaMdrAcArya. sAhitya ane itihAsa,

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA zAstra ane kaLA, vyAkaraNa ane tarka, dharma ane vyavahAra, sAdhutA ane sarasatA tathA rAjA ane prajA ema vibhinna stare sahaja samanvaya sAdhI batAvanAra kImiyAgara saMskArazilpI eTale hemacaMdrAcArya. AthI ja 'dhUmaketu' kahe che - "hemacaMdrAcArya vinA gujarAtI bhASAno janma kalpI zakato nathI; emanA vinA varSo sudhI gujarAtane jAgrata rAkhanArI saMskAritA kalpI zakAtI nathI; ane emanA vinA gujarAtI prajAnAM khAsa lakSaNo - samanvaya, viveka, ahiMsA, prema, zuddha sadAcAra ane prAmANika vyavahAra praNAlikA - kalpI zakAtAM nathI. hemacaMdrAcArya mAnava tarIke mahAna hatA; sAdhu tarIke vadhAre mahAna hatA; paNa saMskAradraSTA tarIke to e sauthI vadhAre mahAna hatA. emaNe je saMskAra reDavA, emaNe je bhASA ApI, emaNe lokone je rIte bolatA karyA. emaNe je sAhitya ApyuM - e saghaLuM AjanA gujarAtanI nasamAM hajI vahI rahyuM che, ane eTale, e mahAna gujarAtI tarIke itihAsamAM prasiddhi pAmavAyogya hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA siddharAja ane kumArapALanI madadathI hemacaMdrAcAryane jUnA graMthonI ghaNI hastaprato sAMpaDI. hemacaMdrAcAryanA A kAryamAM rAmacaMdra, guNacaMdra ane mahendra jevA vidvAna ziSyono samudAya emane sahAyaka thayo hato. vidyopAsanAnuM kevuM bhavya vAtAvaraNa e samaye racAyuM haze, enI kalpanA ja romAMcakArI lAge che. emanA graMthonI lahiyAo pAse asaMkhya pratilipio karAvavAmAM AvI hatI ane e pratilipione bhAratanA aneka graMthabhaMDAromAM sthApita karavAmAM AvI hatI. A kAraNe ja temanA jIvanakALamAM ja lakhAyelI keTalIka pratilipio Aje paNa upalabdha thAya che. e pachInAM navaso varSanA dIrghakALamAM A graMthonI pratilipio thatI rahI che. Aje bhAgye ja koI evo jaina graMthabhaMDAra haze, jyAM hemacaMdrAcAryanA koI ne koI graMthanI pratilipi na hoya. hemacaMdrAcAryanA graMthono abhyAsa karatAM pUrve graMtharacanAno hatu ke uddeza jovo jarUrI banaze. A niHspRhI sAdhune kaviyaza meLavavAnI to kalpanA ja kyAMthI hoya ? yaza, artha ke nAmanAthI to sAdhutAnA zikhara samA A graMthakAra para hoya. e ja rIte graMtharacanA pAchaLa vidvattA ke pAMDityanA pradarzanano paNa Azaya na hoya. hemacaMdrAcAryano hetu to vidyAsevIone sugama ane subodha bane e rIte bhinna bhinna viSayonuM sarvAgINa ane sArabhUta Akalana karavAno hato. AmAM je avyavasthita hatuM ane emaNe vyavasthita karyuM. jyAM kSati hatI tyAM enuM nivAraNa karyuM. lokakaMThamAM hatuM ene lipibaddha karyuM. pustakomAM hatuM tenuM Akalana karyuM. vedastha vicAronuM dohana karyuM. A rIte kAvyo racIne kavi banavuM ke kaThina graMtho lakhIne vidyAgarva dhAraNa karavo tevA koI hetune badale hemacaMdrAcArye vidyAprItithI prerAIne lokasaMgraha arthe potAnI saghaLI zakti kAme lagADI hatI. puruSa che." hemacaMdrAcAryanI vipula akSarapravRtti siddharAja ane kumArapALanA rAjyAzraye thaI hatI tema kahevuM te karatAM te pravRtti be rAjavIonA zreyArthe cAlI hatI ema kahevuM vizeSa yogya che. teo baMne rAjavIonA AdarapAtra mArgadarzaka ane salAhakAra paNa hatA. siddharAja nI jJAnopAsanA ane kumArapALanI saMskArapriyatAnA teo vidhAyaka banyA hatA. rAjA vikrama ane kavi kAlidAsa athavA to rAjA bhoja ane kavi dhanapAla sAthe siddharAja -kumArapALa ane hemacaMdrAcAryanI joDInI sarakhAmaNI karavI yogya nathI. rAjA sAthenA emanA saMbaMdhanI tulanA to ghaNe aMze svAmI rAmadAsa ane chatrapati zivAjI sAthe thaI zake.

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA temaNe yathA avakAza svataMtra vicAraNA ke maulika ciMtana paNa ApyuM che. A uddezane lakSamAM rAkhyA vagara kaLikALasarvajJanA graMthono abhyAsa karanAra bhUlathI evo AkSepa karI bese ke emaNe to pUrvagraMthomAMthI utArA ja karyA che. joke chellA ATha-nava saikAothI emanA graMthonA avirata paThana-pAThana parathI emanA vidyAkIya puruSArthanuM sAphalya pragaTa thayuM che. prAcIna itihAsamAM ke hemacaMdrAcAryanI pUrve ATalA vibhinna viSayo para saLaMga zAstrIya ane abhyAsapUrNa graMtho ApanAra hemacaMdrAcArya jevI bhAgye ja koI virala pratibhA maLI Avaze. e jJAnajyotie dUra karelA ajJAnanA aMdhakAra vize zrI somaprabhAcArya kluptaM vyAkaraNaM navaM viracitaM chaMdo navaM vyAzrayA - laMkArau prathitau navau prakaTitaM zrIyogazAstraM navam / tarka saMjanito navo jinavarAdInAM caritraM navaM baddhaM yena na kena kena vidhinA mohaH kRto dUrataH / / navuM vyAkaraNa kahyuM; navuM chaMdazAstra racyuM; jyAzraya mahAkAvya ane alaMkArazAstrane vistAryA ane navAM ja prakaTa kya. zrIyogazAstrane paNa navuM racyuM; navA tarkazAstrane janma Apyo; jinavaronAM caritrono navo graMtha racyo; kaI kaI rIte zrI hemacaMdrAcArye ajJAnane dUra karyuM hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA prAraMbha gujarAtanI asmitA ane saMskAritA jagADanArI eka ghaTanAnA pratibhAvamAMthI thayo. jayasiMha siddharAja mAlavapati zrI yazovarmAne harAvI, dhArAnagarIno dhvaMsa karI, teno amUlya graMthabhaMDAra pATaNamAM lAvyA. A graMthabhaMDAramAM bhojarAjaviracita "sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa' nAmanA vyAkaraNagraMtha para siddharAjanI dRSTi paDI. vizeSa tapAsa karatAM ene jANavA maLyuM ke pote je pradezane parAjita karyo che e prazanA bhojanuM vyAkaraNa ja enA rAjyamAM bhaNAvAtuM hatuM. bhojarAjanI vidvattAnI prazaMsAe siddharAjane enA mAtra pradezavijayanI laghutA dekhADI. A samaye bhojanA vyAkaraNa karatAM caDiyAtuM vyAkaraNa racI. zake tevA samartha zaktizALI hemacaMdrAcArya ja hatA. vi. saM. 1193mAM emane A vyAkaraNa lakhavAnuM soMpAyuM. siddharAje te mATe TheraTherathI hastaprato maMgAvI. cheka kAzamIrathI ATha vyAkaraNo maMgAvyAM. A vyAkaraNonI madadathI ane sva-pratibhAthI kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArye 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' nAmanA vyAkaraNanI racanA karI. siddharAjanI vinaMtIthI A vyAkaraNa racAyuM hovAthI prathama enuM nAma joDIne nAmAbhidhAna karyuM. agAunA vyAkaraNagraMthomAM ativistAra, durbodhatA ane kamabhaMga - e traNa doSo jovA maLatA hatA. hemacaMdrAcArya A vyAkaraNanI racanAmAM saMpa, sugamatA ane kramabaddha Ayojana rAkhIne e traNe doSathI mukta rahyA. A vyAkaraNagraMthanI bIjI vizeSatA e che ke enAM pAMceya aMgo* hemacaMdrAcArye pote lakhyAM che. bIjA viyAkaraNoe vyAkaraNasUtra ane bahu bahu to tenA uparanI vRttinI racanA karI che. vyAkaraNanA anya aMgonI racanA to anugAmIo kare evI paripATI hatI. hemacaMdrAcArye A pAMceya aMgonI racanA * vyAkaraNanAM pAMca aMgo che : (1) sUtrapATha; (2) uSAdigaNasUtra; (3) liMgAnuzAsana; (4) dhAtupArAyaNa ane (5) gaNapATha. nathI ?re graMthabhaMDAromAM kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanI aneka kRtio maLe che. A kRtionI vizvasanIyatAnA nirdhAraNamAM kartAe pote keTalIka kRtione aMte karela ullekho sahAyaka bane che. vaLI e pachI somaprabhAcArya ane prabhAcaMdra emanI kRtionA ullekho ApyA che. gujarAtI sAhityanA paroDhano jhAMkho prakAza "siddhahemazabdAnuzAsane" sauprathama darzAvyo. hemacaMdrAcAryanI vipula sAhityaracanAnI gaMgotrIno

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bhAvana-vibhAvana pote karIne pANini, bhaTTajI dIkSita ane bhaTTi e traNeya vaiyAkaraNonuM kAma ekale hAthe karyuM. emanA A vyAkaraNagraMthe vardhamAnasUri ane buddhisAgarasUrijInA vyAkaraNagraMthone vistRta karI dIdhA. pANininA saMskRta vyAkaraNa pachInuM eka bIjuM noMdhapAtra vyAkaraNa te "siddhahemacaMdrazabdAnuzAsana' gaNAya che. pANininAM sUtronI yojanA karatAM hemacaMdrAcAryanAM sUtronI yojanAmAM abhyAsakane te sugama thAya teno khyAla rakhAyo che. abhyAsa arthe graMtha racavAno uddeza hovAthI ja jyAM pUrvAcAryanAM sUtrothI kAma cAlyuM tyAM e ja sUtro emaNe kAyama rAkhyAM che. AthI zAkaTAyana ane hemacaMdrAcAryanAM sUtromAM moTuM sAmya jovA maLe che. jyAM doSa, truTi ke durbodhatA dekhAya tyAM maulika umeraNathI sUtrone sugrAhya banAvavAno prayAsa karyo che. eka varSamAM A vyAkaraNanAM sUtro ane laghuvRtti temaNe racyAM haze. enI bRhadravRtti ane bIjAM aMgonuM nirmANa temaNe pachIthI karyuM haze. mULasUtra, dhAtu, gaNapATha, uNAdi pratyaya ane liMgAnuzAsana - ema paMcAMgI vyAkaraNanI racanA emaNe savA lAkha zlokomAM karI hatI. merUtuMgAcArye paNa noMdhyuM che ke hemacaMdrAcArye A vyAkaraNa savA lAkha zlokonuM racyuM hatuM. A vyAkaraNanA pATha adhyAya che. enI kula sutrasaMkhyA 4685 che. prAkRta vyAkaraNane lagatAM sUtro bAda karIe to saMskRta vyAkaraNanAM 3pa66 sUtro maLe che. A vyAkaraNagraMthanA AThamA adhyAyamAM maLatI prAkRta ane apabhraMzanI carcA e A graMthanI abhyAsIone AkarSatI vizeSatA che, je ma pANinie 'aSTAdhyAyI' nAmanA sarvotkRSTa vyAkaraNamAM vaidika vyAkaraNa prayojyuM che, e ja rIte hemacaMdrAcArya siddhahema'nA AThamA adhyAyamAM prAkRta ane apabhraMza - prAcIna gujarAtI bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa yojyuM che. emanuM prAkRta vyAkaraNa badhAM hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA prAkRta vyAkaraNomAM vadhu pUrNa ane vyavasthita che. emanA apabhraMza vyAkaraNe apabhraMza sAhityanI rasasamRddhino kharekharo paricaya karAvyo. A vyAkaraNa saMkSipta hovA chatAM emAM badhAM aMgono samAveza thayo che. Ama saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAnuM 'siddhahema' jevuM vyAkaraNa e pachI adyApi lakhAyuM nathI. abhyAsIne anukuLa evI AnI viSayagoThavaNI ane paribhASAne kAraNe epha. kIlahaoNrna (E. Keilhorn) Ane 'The best grammar of the Indian middle ages' kahe che. prAcIna bhASAonA pratyeka abhyAsIne mATe 'siddhahema " anivArya pravezadvAra gaNAya. A vyAkaraNe rAjA siddharAja ane AcArya hemacaMdranI asara kIrti samagra dezamAM prasarAvI. A vyAkaraNane hAthI para aMbADImAM mUkIne dhAmadhUmathI pATaNamAM enI zobhAyAtrA kADhavAmAM AvI. e rIte gujarAtamAM vidyApratiSThAno prAraMbha thayo. siddharAje rAjyanA traNaso lahiyA rokIne AnI aneka pratilipio taiyAra karAvI, eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu aMga, baMga, koMkaNa, karNATaka temaja kAzmIra sudhI AkhA dezamAM temaja nepALa, zrIlaMkA ane IrAna jevA dUra dUranA dezomAM enI pratilipio mokalAvI. gujarAtI vidvattAnI jJAnajyota ema evI suMdara rIte pragaTI ke eno prakAza pahelI vAra dezanA sImADAone vIMdhIne dezapAra gayo. vANijyamAM dezAvara kheDanAra gujarAte jJAnaprasAramAM pahelI vAra dezAvara kheDyo, A graMtha para vidyAdharagaNi devAnaMda ane vAyaTagacchIya amaracaMdrasUrie racanAo karI che. 'siddhahema'nI racanA pachI lagabhaga traNaso varSa bAda vi. saM. 1492mAM jinamaMDanagaNie emanA 'kumArapALa prabaMdha 'mAM lakhyuM ke "zabdasamudranA pAragAmI hemacaMdrAcArye ekalAe AvuM zabdAnuzAsana racyuM. temanI matinI kaI rIte stuti karIe ?'''' ema kahIne hemacaMdranA vyAkaraNanI prazastirUpe potAnA samayamAM cAlatI uktino nIce pramANe ullekha karyo che :

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA bhrAtaH pANini saMvRNu pralapitaM kAtaMtrakathAkathA, mA kArSIH kaTu zAkaTAyanavayaH kSudreNa caMdreNa kim ?/ kA kaMThAbharaNAdibhirvaTharayatyAtmAnamanyairapi zrUyante yadi tAvadarthamadhurAH zrIsiddhahemoktayaH || "bhAI pANini ! tArA apalopa baMdha kara, vararuci ! tAruM kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kaMthA jevuM che eTale tane to zuM kahuM ? zAkaTAyana ! tArAM kaDavAM vacana kADhIza ja nahi, ane caMdra ! tAruM cAMdra vyAkaraNa sAra vagaranuM che eTale tArI vAta paNa karato nathI. jyAM sudhI hemacaMdranI arthagaMbhIra madhura vANI A jagatamAM vidyamAna che tyAM sudhI kaMThAbharaNAdi bIjAM vyAkaraNo bhaNI kayo puruSa potAnI buddhine jaDa kare ?v12 siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana'nA eka svataMtra vibhAga tarIke hemaliMgAnuzAsana' prApta thAya che. ATha adhyAyanAM 763 sUtromAM AnI racanA karI che. AnI pAchaLano temano hetu to abhyAsIone liMgavidhAnanuM jJAna prApta thAya te che. AthI bIjA liMgAnuzAsana karatAM A kRti vistRta ane nokhI bhAta pADanArI che. padyabaMdhamAM racAyelA A geya graMthamAM hemacaMdrAcArye amarakozanI zailI pramANe padyamAM strIliMga, puMlliga ane napuMsakaliMga - ema traNeya liMgomAM zabdonuM vargIkaraNa karyuM che. 'zabdAnuzAsana' ane "kAvyAnuzAsana" pachI kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArye 'chaMdonuzAsananI racanA karI. pUrvAcAryonI paddhati anusAra jijJAsu vidyArthIone chaMdovidhAnanuM jJAna maLe tevo AnI pAchaLano uddeza hato. 'kAvyAnuzAsana' ane 'chaMdonuzAsana'ne lakSamAM rAkhIne vikhyAta saMzodhaka ema. vinTaraniTu jha "The Life of Hemchandracharya" pustakanA AmukhamAM noMdhe che : hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA "Hemchandra's learned books, it is true, are not distinguished by any great originality, but they display a truly encyclopaedic erudition and an enormous amount of reading, besides a practical sense which makes them very useful. This applies also to his manuals of poetics and metrics, the Kavyanuzasana and the Chhandonus asana, each accompanied by the author's own commentary." saMskRta bhASAmAM chaMdonAM lakSaNa ApyA pachI enAM udAharaNa saMskRta, prAkta athavA apabhraMza bhASAmAM ApyAM che. A udAharaNomAMnAM keTalAMka udAharaNo hemacaMdrAcArye yojelAM che. vaLI AmAM siddharAja , kumArapALa vagerenI prazastirU5, svopajJa kAvyadRSTAMto ApyAM che jemAMthI e samayanI aitihAsika vigato maLe che, tethI A graMthanuM aitihAsika dRSTie paNa ghaNuM mahattva che. A graMthane saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAnuM piMgaLa ja kahevAya. saMskRta, prAkRta ke apabhraMzamAM pravartamAna badhA ja chaMdonI AmAM sodAharaNa carcA karavAmAM AvI che. arvAcIna chaMdazAstrano abhyAsa karanArane saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza chaMdazAstranI jANakArI jarUrI che ane te chaMdonI zAstrIya vivecanA ekamAtra "chaMdonuzAsanamAMthI maLI rahe che. vaLI arvAcIna chaMdazAstranI dRSTie paNa A graMthamAM keTalIka upayogI carcA maLe che. AjanA kavio je prakArano chaMdono saMkara karI rahyA che tema ja gaNitaSTie varNagaNonA pherabadalA karI aneka navA chaMdonI yojanA kare che, tenI carcA hemacaMdrAcArye karI

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14 bhAvana-vibhAvanA hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA eka vaiyAkaraNa tarIke kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArya viziSTa sthAna dharAve che. mahAna vaiyAkaraNa pANinie potAnA vyAkaraNa | 'aSTAdhyAyI' dvArA pUrvaparaMparAmAM eka potIkI paraMparAnuM nirmANa karyuM hatuM. pANininI pUrve zaunaka, zAkaTAyana jevA aneka vyAkaraNa thayA hatA, paraMtu pANininA vyAkaraNe eka paraMparA sthApI. emAM kAtyAyana ke pataMjalie saMzodhana-umaraNa karyuM, paraMtu pANininI vaiyAkaraNa tarIkenI pratiSThA to sadIothI akSata rahI. saMskRta bhASAnA aMtima vyAkaraNazAstrI banyA AcArya hemacaMdrAcArya. saMskRta vyAkaraNaparaMparAmAM emanA pradAnane kAraNe hemasaMpradAya Ubho thayo. emanA vyAkaraNano uttarakAlIna jaina vyAkaraNa para vizeSa prabhAva dRSTigocara thAya che. zvetAmbara saMpradAyanA keTalAka AcAryoe hemacaMdrAcAryanA vyAkaraNane AdhAre aneka graMthonI racanA karI che. AvA AThathI dasa vyAkhyAkAra maLe che.' apabhraMza vyAkaraNa te kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanuM cirakAlIna mahattva dharAvatuM pradAna gaNAze. "zabdAnuzAsana'nA AThamA adhyAyanA prAkRta vyAkaraNamAM hemacaMdrAcArya mahArASTrI, zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, mUlikA paizAcI ane apabhraMza ema cha bhASAonI carcA karI che. apabhraMza vibhAgamAM noMdhelA duhAonuM vaividhya AkarSaka che. apabhraMzanAM sutronI vRttimAM lagabhaga 177 duhAo hemacaMdrAcArya noMdhyA che, jemAM upadezAtmaka, vIrarasapradhAna, paurANika, zRMgArarasapradhAna ane jaina dharmane lagatA duhAo maLe che. A duhAomAMnA keTalAka lokoktirUpe UtarelA che. A apabhraMza duhAo cheka gujarAtI bhASA sudhI UtarI AvyA che. apabhraMza duhAnuM arvAcIna bhASAmAM kevuM rUpAMtara thayuM che tenI tapAsa saMzodhako mATe rasaprada viSaya bane tema che. AThamA adhyAyamAM hemacaMdrAcArya eka apabhraMza duho TAMke che - 'vAvarU 3grafNe pis fs sAsa-tti / adhA valayA mahihi gaya adhyA kuTTa taDa-tti' / / 16 / / lAMbA samayathI preyasI viraha anubhavatI hatI, teno deha paNa kSINa banI gayo hato. AvI virahAkula strI kAgaDAne uDADavA jatI hatI tyAM ja ekAeka enA patine Avato joyo. ciravirahiNI para enI kevI asara thaI ? aDadhAM valaya jamIna para paDI gayAM, virahane kAraNe hAtha durbaLa banI gayo hato mATe. jyAre aDadhAM taDa daIne tUTI gayAM, priyatamanAM darzanathI AnaMdita thayelI virahiNInuM kAMDuM phUlI gayuM mATe." lokabhASAmAM maLatA duhAomAM AnAM be rUpAMtara maLe che. enuM eka sAmAnya rUpAMtara A che - 'kAmane kAga uDAvatI, piyu Ayo jhabakAM; ApI cUDI kara lagI, AdhI gaI taDakAM.' A ja duhAnuM eka bIjuM camatkRtipUrNa rUpAMtara maLe che. emAM aDadhI cuDIo virahane kAraNe kSINadeha thavAthI jamIna para paDI gaI evuM darzAvavAne badale kavie darzAvyuM che ke aDadhI kAgaDAnA gaLAmAM parovAI gaI. bAkInI aDadhI cUDIo bhAMgIne bheMya para paDI. 'kAga uDAvaNa dhaNa khaDI, Ayo pIva bhaDakka; AdhI cUDI kAMga-gala, AdhI bhaMya taDa% !' apabhraMza vyAkaraNamAM maLatA duhAomAM kAvyasauMdarya, bhAvavaividhya ane bhArobhAra kavitva che. A duhAo dvArA e samayanA lokasAhityanI anupama jhAMkhI thAya che.

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13 bhAvana-vibhAvana apabhraMza bhASAnuM vistRta anuzAsana racanAra hemacaMdrAcArya sauprathama che. temaNe bhinna bhinna pradezomAM pracalita upabhASA ane vibhASAonuM saMvidhAna darzAvIne apabhraMza bhASAno paricaya Apyo che. hemacaMdrAcAryanA samaya pachI uttara bhAratamAM saMskRta zabdAnuzAsanano kALa lagabhaga samApta thaI gayo. 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' ane 'dezInAmamALA'ne jotAM hemacaMdrAcAryane ApaNe apabhraMza bhASAnA pANini kahI zakIe. gurja 2bhUminA jJAnadIpane prajvalita karavA mAMgatA kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanI dRSTi vyAkaraNa pachI koza tarapha gaI. bhASAno abhyAsa sugama bane ane vyAkaraNanuM jJAna sakriya bane te mATe emane kozanI jarUra lAgI. mAtra vidyArthIo ke abhyAsIo ja nahi, paraMtu vidvAno mATe paNa koza jarUrI jJAnasAdhana che. A vize hemacaMdrAcArya kahe che : kozasyeva mahIpAnAM kauzasya viduSAmapi / upayogo mahAna yasmAt klezastena vinA bhavet / / "rAjAone (dravya)kozano ane vidvAnone paNa (zabda) kozano ghaNo upayoga hoya che. tenA vinA te baMnene atyaMta viTaMbaNA paDe che."17 hemacaMdrAcArye "abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi', 'anekArthasaMgraha ane 'nighaMTuzeSa' - ema traNa saMskRta bhASAnA koza racyA che. prAkRta-dezya bhASAnA jJAna mATe 'dezInAmamAtA' ane 'rayaNAvali'nI racanA karI che. "abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi e itihAsa ane bhASAvijJAnanI dRSTie atyaMta mUlyavAna banI rahe tevo kozagraMtha che. AmAM hemacaMdrAcArya kavio dvArA pracalita ane prayukta zabdono suMdara Alekha Apyo hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA che. vaLI sAMskRtika dRSTie paNa A kozanI sAmagrI abhyAsIone upayogI che. AmAM evA aneka zabdo maLe che, je anya kozamAM prApta thatA nathI. 'amarakoza'ne lakSamAM rAkhIne eka arthavALA samAna zabdo ApavA mATe hemacaMdrAcArye "abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi'nI racanA karI. joke "amarakoza' karatAM doDha gaNI zabdasaMkhyA AmAM sAMpaDe che. vaLI paryAyavAcI zabdo paNa 'amarakoza' karatAM vadhu maLe che. 'amarakoza'mAM sUryanA 37 paryAya, kiraNanA 11 paryAya, caMdranA 20 paryAya, zivanA 48 paryAya, brahmAnA 20 paryAya, viSNunA 36 ane agninAM 34 paryAyavAcI nAma maLe che. jyAre "abhidhAnaciMtAmaNimAM sUryanA 72, kiraNanA 36, caMdranA 32, zivanA 77, brahmAnA 40, viSNunA 7pa ane agninA pa1 paryAyo upalabdha che. A rIte A graMthanI racanA dvArA hemacaMdrAcArye saMskRta sAhityanA zabdakozamAM vipula vRddhi karI che. abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi'nI kula zlokasaMkhyA 1541 che, paraMtu TIkA sAthe tenI zlokasaMkhyA kula dasa hajAranI thAya. A graMthanA cha kAMDa maLe che. prathama kAMDamAM devAdhideva, bIjA kAMDamAM deva, trIjAmAM manuSya, cothAmAM tiryaMco, pAMcamAmAM nArInA jIvo ane chaThThAmAM sarvasAmAnya evA eka-arthavAcI zabdono saMgraha che. AmAM yaugika, mizra ane rUDha zabdo spaSTa karyA che. kozanA AraMbhanA zlokamAM potAnI A yojanA vize hemacaMdrAcArya kahe che - 'praNipatyArhatA siddhasAGgazabdAnuzAsanaH / rUDhayaugikamitrANAM nAmnAM mAlAM tanomyaham / / ahaMtone namaskAra karIne, pAMceya aMga sahita zabdAnuzAsana pratiSThA pAmyA pachI, rUDha, vyutpattisiddha ane mizra nAmonI mAlAne huM vistAruM chuM."

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18. bhAvana-vibhAvanA zabdazAstra mATe upayogI evo A graMtha arvAcIna dezya bhASAnA abhyAsa mATe eTalo ja Avazyaka che. vaLI ene saMpUrNa banAvavA mATe hemacaMdrAcArye emAM cheka sudhI umerA ane sudhArA karyA che. saMskRta bhASAnA vidvAnomAM "abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi'ne Adara prApta thayo. aitihAsika dRSTie AmAMthI ghaNI sAmagrI prApta thAya tema che. AnA udAharaNarUpe AmAMthI maLatI Rtuo ane tolamApa vizenI mAhitI ghaNI rasaprada che. bhAratIya samAjamAM varNasaMkaratAnI vigata paNa AmAMthI maLe che. jema ke pitA brAhmaNa ane mAtA kSatriya hoya to enA saMtAnanI jAti mUryAsa' kahevAya. e ja rIte pitA zuddha ane mAtA brAhmaNI hoya to saMtAnanI jAti 'ghAMDAna' kahevAya. A rIte samAja zAstrIya abhyAsa mATe paNa A kozamAMthI maLatI sAmagrI upayogI banI rahe che. vaLI AmAMnA keTalAka zabdo Adhunika bhASAmAM UtarI AvelA hovAthI paNa A koza mahattvano gaNAya. hemacaMdrAcArya zabdajJAnanuM mahattva jANatA hovAthI emaNe Avo vizALa paryAyavAca koza taiyAra karyo. emaNe pote A kozamAM eka sthaLe noMdhyuM che : 'vaktRtvaM ca kavitvaM ca vidvattAyAH phalaM viduH / zabdajJAnAdRte tanna dvayamapyupapadyate / / budhajano vaktatva ane kavitvane vidvattAnA phaLarUpe jaNAve che; paNa e be zabdajJAna vinA siddha thaI zakatA nathI." "abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi' pachI zabdajJAnanI mahattA jANanArA hemacaMdrAcArye 'anekArthasaMgraha 'nI racanA karI. 'abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi'mAM eka arthanA aneka zabdono koza ApavAmAM Avyo hato. jyAre 'anekArthasaMgraha'mAM eka zabdanA aneka arthono ullekha ApavAmAM hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA Avyo che. jema ke, no artha brahmA, AtmA, ravi, mayUra, agni, yama ane vAyu thAya che. A dRSTie "abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi' ane 'anekArthasaMgraha' parasparanA pUraka gaNAya. sAta kAMDamAM vaheMcAyelA A kozanI kula zlokasaMkhyA 1829 che. enA cha kAMDamAM 1369 zloko maLe che. e pachI sAtamo avyayakAMDa maLe che. A sATha zlokanA avyayakAMDane 'anekArthazeSa' tarIke umeravAmAM Avyo che. abhidhAnaciMtAmaNimAM paNa chelle 'zeSa' umeravAmAM Avyo hato te mujaba ahIM paNa AvuM chelle umeraNa maLe che. A graMthamAM maLatA keTalAya zabdo arvAcIna bhASAmAM UtarI AvyA che. gujarAtI bhASAnA abhyAsIone paNa A graMthanA zabdo ghaNI sAmagrI pUrI pADe tema che. "anekArthasaMgraha'mAM ni:ni, punA, rA: maLe che. AmAMthI gujarAtI bhASAmAM nIsaraNI, pulAva, TAMgo jevA zabdo UtarI AvyAnuM vicArI zakAya. A graMtha para anaidArthatharavAramuthI nAmanI TIkA maLe che. enA prathama kAMDanI pumbikA jotAM ema lAge ke AnI racanA khuda hemacaMdrAcArye karI che; paraMtu enA bIjA kAMDanI TIkAne aMte maLatA keTalAka puSyikAzlokamAM lakhyuM che : 'zrI hemasUriziSyeNa zrImanmahendrasUriNA / / bhaktiniSThena TIkaiyA tannAmnaiva pratiSThitA // A zloka parathI e spaSTa thAya che ke hemacaMdrAcAryanA ziSya mahendrasUrie A TIkA lakhI che ane bhaktipUrvaka potAnA gurunA nAma para caDAvI dIdhI hatI. hemacaMdrAcAryanI kozapravRttinuM aMtima phaLa che 'nighaMTuzeSa'. abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi', 'anekArthasaMgraha' jevA saMskRta koza ane 'dezInAmamALA' jevA dezya bhASAnA kozanI racanA karyA pachI hemacaMdrAcArye 'nighaMTuzeSa 'nI racanA karI. 'anekArthasaMgraha'nI TIkAmAM

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hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA bhASAmAM kAlagrasta athavA to tadana aparicita banI gayelA zabdo paNa AmAM saMgraha pAmyA che. vaLI jenA mULa vize saMzaya hoya tevA keTalAka zabdono paNa AmAM samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. kula 783 gAthAmAM lagabhaga 3,978 zabdo A kozamAM saMgRhIta thayA bhAvana-vibhAvanA mahendrasUrie evo ullekha karyo che ke potAnA guru hemacaMdrAcArya pAse vizALa graMthasaMgraha hato ane temAM dhavaMtarino 'nighaMTu' graMtha paNa hato. 'nirdhazeSa nA cha kAMDa maLe che ane A eka prakArano vaidakazAstrane mATe upayogI evo vanaspatikoza che. A koza che kAMDamAM vaheMcAyelo che ane tenI kula zlokasaMkhyA 396 che. A kozamAM vRkSa, gulma, latA, zAka, tRNa ane dhAnya ema cha kAMDa che. kramazaH kAMDanA zlokonI saMkhyA ochI thatI jAya che. prathama krUsAig: nI zlokasaMkhyA 181, dvitIya gunmANanI zlokasaMkhyA 105, tRtIya tatAzAjaputanI zlokasaMkhyA 44, caturtha TTTTTnI zlokasaMkhyA 34, pAMcamA tuveranI zlokasaMkhyA 17 ane chaThThA dhAnyAhunI zlokasaMkhyA 15 che. hemacaMdrAcAryanA bIjA kozo jeTalo A zabdakoza jANIto banyo nathI. traNa saMskRta kozonI racanA dvArA hemacaMdrAcArye saMskRta zabdazAstrane vyApamAM levA prayAsa karyo che. kozaracanAnI pAchaLa gujarAtanA sarasvatIpUja kone sahAyarUpa thavAnI temanI bhAvanA taravare che. vaLI dhanvatari, vyADi ane dhanapAlanA kozo kALakrame naSTa thayA, paraMtu enuM dohana Aje hemacaMdrAcAryanA koza dvArA ApaNane prApta thAya che. e dRSTie paNa A zabdakozanuM mahattva graMthanI vRttimAM maLatI kumArapALanI prazastinI 105 udAharaNagAthAo evo saMketa Ape che ke rAjavI tarIke kumArapALanuM varcasva pravartatuM hatuM te samaye A graMthanI racanA thaI che. noMdhapAtra bAbata e che ke AmAM jayasiMha siddharAja mATe lakhelI gAthAo bahu ochI che. caulukya tarIke kumArapALane saMbodhana karIne enI prazasti karatAM zrI hemacaMdrAcArya kahe che : "kAsijjadesaluMTaNakAhArANijjamANakaNayAI kAsAraM va buhANaM akArimaM desi cAlukya ||" (da.nA.mA., 2.28) * kAsijja ( kAla nAme pradeza) deza luMTI pakhAlavALAo mAraphate ANelA suvarNana jANe sAmAnya sIsAnAM patarAM hoya tema, he caulukya, tuM vidvajanone Ape che." A graMthanAM 'rayaNAvali', 'desIsadasaMgraho', 'dezInAmamAlA" ane 'dezIzabdasaMgraha' jevAM nAmo maLe che. AmAM kula 3,978 zabdo ApavAmAM AvyA che, jemAM 100 tatsama zabdo, 1850 garbhita tadbhava zabdo, pa28 saMzayayukta taddabhava zabdo ane 1500 dezI zabdo che. 'dezInAmamAlA"nuM saMzodhana sauprathama DaoN. bulare karyuM. kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanI pAse aneka dezya kozo hatA ane e kozono ullekha enI vRttimAM maLe che. Ama chatAM atyAre to hemacaMdrAcAryano 'dezInAmamAtA' e ekalo ja sAro koza gaNI siddhahemacaMdrazabdAnuzAsana'nA AThamA adhyAyamAM maLatA prAkRta vyAkaraNane lakSamAM rAkhIne hemacaMdrAcArye 'dezInAmamALA'nI racanA karI, vyAkaraNanA niyamAnusAra zabdo siddha thatAM na hoya tema chatAM bhASAmAM prayojAtA hoya evA zabdono hemacaMdrAcArye 'dezInAmamAlA'mAM saMgraha karyo. saMskRta ke prAkRta sAthe saMbaMdha na dharAvatA dezya bhASAonA zabdasaMgraha uparAMta saMskRta ane prAkRta

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA zakAya. kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArye 'dezInAmamAlA'mAM abhimAnacihna, gopAla, devarAja , droNa, dhanapAla, pAdaliptAcArya, rAhuleka ane zIlAMka jevA kozakArono ullekha karyo che. prAkRta bhASAmAM vaparAtA dezya zabdonA arthanirNaya mATe A graMtha atyaMta upayogI che. A kRtinI racanA dvArA hemacaMdrAcArye ekale hAthe eka navA yugano AraMbha karyo. A 'dezInAmamAlA" mAraphate keTalAka gujarAtI zabdonI prAcInatA paNa siddha thAya tema che. AthI gujarAtI bhASAnA abhyAsIne mATe enuM parizIlana zabdo aMge navI kSitijo ughADanAruM banI rahe.* A graMtha tulanAtmaka bhASAzAstrIone mATe paNa mUlyavAna banyo che. zabdonuM vyApaka saMkalana ane sAhityasauMdarya dharAvatAM udAharaNothI dhyAna kheMcatA A kozanuM e rIte aitihAsika, sAMskRtika ane bhASAzAstrIya mahattva che. zabdazAstra ane kozanI racanA karyA bAda kaLikALasarvajJanI dRSTi kAvyazAstra tarapha vaLI. saMskRta alaMkAragraMthonI paraMparAmAM hemacaMdrAcArye 'kAvyAnuzAsana'nI racanA karI. 'kAvyAnuzAsananA mukhya traNa bhAga che : (1) sUtra, (2) vyAkhyA ane (3) vRtti. ATha adhyAyamAM lakhAyelA A graMthamAM kula 208 sUtro che. sUtronI vyAkhyA karanArI carcA 'alaMkAracUDAmaNi'ne nAme maLe che. jyAre e vyAkhyAne vizeSa spaSTa karavA mATe 'viveka' nAmanI udAharaNa sahitanI vRtti hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA maLe che. A sUtra, vyAkhyA ne vRtti - traNenA kartA hemacaMdrAcArya che. hemacaMdrAcArye 'faudazanIvApurUvArit'mAM darzAvyuM che tema 'pAzAstra' jevA graMtho potAne mATe che, jyAre amuka graMtho siddharAjane mATe che tema A graMtha 'nova' mATe che. AmAM sAmAnya abhyAsIone kAvyazAstrano khyAla ApavAno hetu rahelo che. AthI ja temaNe judI judI kakSAonA abhyAsIone upayogI nIvaDe te mATe 'sUtra', pannarIyA" temaja "ujavejhaSTmana' nAmanI vistRta TIkA ApI che. A bAbata paNa temanA hetune vadhu spaSTa kare che. 'kAvyAnuzAsana'mAM rAjA kumArapALano ullekha nathI, AthI jayasiMha siddharAjanA jIvanakALamAM ja "siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' pachI 'kAvyAnuzAsananI racanA thaI haze. AnA ATha adhyAyamAM kAvyanuM prayojana, kavinI pratibhA, kAvyanA guNadoSa, rasa, bhAva ane guNanA prakAro, zabdAlaMkAra ane arthAlaMkAra, kAvya ane nATakanA prakAro jevA viSayonI chaNAvaTa purogAmI AlaMkArikonAM avataraNo sahita karI che. AmAM 'alaMkAracUDAmaNi'mAM 807 ane 'viveka'mAM 825 ema samagra 'kAvyAnuzAsanamAM 1932 udAharaNo maLe che. AmAM pa0 kavio ane 81 graMthono nAmollekha karavAmAM Avyo che. A darzAve che ke kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArya pAse vizALa graMthasaMcaya hato ane 'kAvyAnuzAsana'nI racanA mATe emaNe aneka graMthonuM parizIlana karyuM hatuM. AnaMdavardhana, abhinavagupta, rukaTa, rAja zekhara, mammaTa, dhanaMjaya vagere AlaMkArikonA graMthonA siddhAMtonI saMyojanA karIne temaNe 'kAvyAnuzAsana'nI racanA karI che. sarvagrAhI zikSAgraMtha banAvavAnA hetune lakSamAM rAkhIne emaNe evI kalpanA karI ke pahelAM vidyArthI 'zabdAnuzAsana' zIkhe, kozanuM jJAna meLave ane pachI kAvyaracanAmAM praveza meLavavA mATe alaMkAragraMthonI keDI para paga * jemAMnA keTalAka zabdo joIe : 36 - UMDuM, nar - UlaTuM, ustharanA - Uthalo, ITghare - ghAgharo, vra - khoDo, sAva - khabho, Dhat - oDhaNI, kadI - udhaI, iIrI - gaMDerI, upAya - khIja , va - khATakI, 3.rI - ukaraDI, UMko - aDada, DhavI - khaDakI, aho - gaDha.

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24 bhAvana-vibhAvana mUke. Ane kAraNe emaNe pUrvAcAryo karatAM alaMkAranI vyavasthA judI rIte karI che. teno vigate vicAra karIe. kAlakrame jotAM bharata mAtra cAra ja alaMkArono vyAkhyA sAthe ullekha kare che. te pachI 'viSNudharmottara' purANamAM be zabdAlaMkAra ane soLa arthAlaMkAra maLI kula aDhAra alaMkAra najare paDe che. A pachI bhiTTa ane bhAmaha ADatrIsa alaMkAro rajU kare che, jyAre ThaMDI pAMtrIsa ane udbhaTa ekatALIsa alaMkAro batAve che. vAmana tenA 'kAvyAlaMkArasUtra mAM tetrIsa alaMkAro Ape che, jyAre dhvanine kAvyano AtmA gaNatA AnaMdavardhana alaMkArone mArAya gaNI tenuM mahattva ghaTADI nAkhe che. tyArabAda rudraTa aThThAvana ane mammaTa to sAThathI paNa vadhu alaMkAro Ape che. A pachI 'ataMvArasarvasva'no kartA raiyyaka paMcotera jeTalA alaMkAro vyAkhyA ane udAharaNa sAthe rajU kare che. I. sa. 1100mAM thaI gayelA rRTyaka pachI 60-70 varSe thayelA hemacaMdra paMcotera alaMkAramAMthI ogaNatrIsa alaMkAro ja Ape che. Ama hemacaMdrAcArya alaMkAranA vargIkaraNamAM vadhAre paDato vistAra na karatAM viSayane bane teTalA saMkSepamAM samAvavA prayatna kare che. teo pote ja kahe che, "pranAvara vaitA vidyAH saMkSepavistAra-vivAcA navInavI bhavanti tattatkartRkA cocyante / " hemacaMdrAcAryanA alaMkAranirUpaNane jotAM prathama teo nevAtArahIgamUtA upamAne nirUpe che. teo temAM sAta prakAro batAve che. tyArapachI upamA jeTalA sarvavyApaka nahi, paNa kavisRSTimAMthI nIpajela utprekSAnuM nirUpaNa kare che. A pachI upamA karatAM anubhUtinI vadhu utkaTatA dharAvatA rUpaka alaMkAranI vAta kare che. AmAM teo eka viSayarUpaka ane anekaviSayarUpaka jevA prakAro udAharaNa sahita hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA 5 samajAvI AhAryAvayava ane ubhayAvayavano asvIkAra kare che, jyAre nidarzanA alaMkAramAM prativastUpamA, dRSTAMta jevA alaMkArone sthAna ApavAnI sAthe mammaTanI padArthagA nidarzanAne bhUlI ja jAya che ! vaLI tene atizayoktimAM sthAna ApI bhAre goTALo pedA kare che. dIpaka alaMkAramAM teo tulyayogitA, anyonya ane mAlAdIpakano svIkAra kare che, paNa kArakardIpakano asvIkAra kare che. jyAre paryAyokti alaMkAranI hemacaMdre ApelI vyAkhyA ghaNI ja kliSTa ane arthasaMdigdhatA janmAve tevI che, je 2sagaMgAdharakAra ghaNI ja saraLa ane suMdara rIte Ape che. atizayoktimAM teo ghaNA alaMkArone tenAM aMga banAvI tenuM ghaNuM ja saMkSepamAM nirUpaNa kare che. A mATe teo 'viveka'mAM kAraNo Ape che, paNa te badhAMne ApaNe svIkArI zakatA nathI. ApekSa alaMkAramAM bahu upaprakAromAM na paDatAM teo sAdI vyAkhyA ja Ape che, jyAre sahokti jevA alaMkArane svataMtra sthAna ApavAmAM temanI sauMdaryadraSTi dekhAya che. prAcIna samayathI saMskRta kavione AkarSatA samAsokti alaMkAra sAthenA zleSanA saMbaMdhanI suMdara ane vAjabI carcA teo 'viveka'mAM kare che. tyArapachI AvatA vyatireka alaMkAramAM vizvanAthanI jema aDatAlIsa ke mammaTanI jema covIsa prakAro hemacaMdra ApatA nathI. AvA prabhedono vistAra karavo potAnA hetu mATe yogya na lAgavAthI teo mAtra ATha ja bheda Ape che, je ucita che. arthAntarAsa alaMkAranA nirUpaNamAM temanI maulikatA temaja aucityadRSTi dekhAI Ave che, jyAre ramaNIya evA sasandeha alaMkAranI hemacaMdrAcArye ApelI vyAkhyA 'rasagaMgAdhara'kAra jagannAthe ApI che tevI ramaNIya to nathI, paraMtu temAM sAdAI ane navInatA to che ja. A pachI apati alaMkAramAM teo vyAjokti alaMkArane samAvI le che;

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bhAvana-vibhAvana tene juduM sthAna ApyuM hota to yogya lekhAta. tevI ja rIte paryAya ane parivRtti baMnene parivRtti nAmanA eka ja alaMkAramAM samAvI le che, temAM paNa bahu aucitya dekhAtuM nathI. vaLI ahIM A alaMkArane samAvavAnA aucityane siddha karavA jarA sarakho prayAsa paNa nathI karatA. kadAca teo saMkSiptatAnA Agrahane vaza thaIne ja Ama karatA hoya. AthI kaMIka aucityabhaMga thavA chatAM potAnuM nirUpaNa saraLa banAvavAno temano yatna che. vaLI sauMdaryadRSTie dhyAnapAtra evA sUkSma alaMkArano teo anumAnAlaMkAramAM samAveza karI de che. vaLI hemacaMdrAcArya uktivaicitrya mujaba vividha alaMkArabhedonA prapaMcamAM paDavA nathI cAhatA, ane tethI ja virodha alaMkAramAM ATha jeTalA alaMkAro mUkI temaNe saMkSepa sAdhyo che. vaLI chellA alaMkAromAM to 'viveka'mAM paNa teo vizada carcA karavAne badale jhaDapathI pracalita alaMkAro samajAvatA jAya che. ahIM teo mAtra jUnI paraMparAne vaLagIne abhyAsIone vadhu ne vadhu alaMkArono khyAla ApatA jaNAya che. alaMkAravivecanamAM hemacaMdrAcAryano hetu dimAtrano nirdeza karavAno jaNAya che. ahIM teo alaMkAranA vivecanane vargIkaraNanA khoTA vistAramAMthI bacAva karavA prayAsa karatA hoya tema dekhAya che. te kevaLa siddhAMta ane Avazyaka tattvonI ja carcA kare che. A mATe ja teo alaMkAranA hArdabhUta maLatApaNA ane najIkapaNAne dhyAnamAM laIne te badhAne eka alaMkAranA bhAga tarIke nirUpe che ane bahu bahu to tene eka peTAbheda gaNavA jeTalI vizeSatA Ape che. Ama karavAmAM vadhu paDato saMkSepa thaI javAno, keTalAka alaMkAronI mahattvanI vilakSaNatAne anucita gauNatva ApI devAno, eka alaMkAra nIce ApelAM udAharaNomAM bhinnatA jaNAvavAno athavA to alaMkAranI 23 hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA vyAkhyA vadhu paDatI sAmAnya banI javAno doSa sevavAno bhaya rahe che. AthI temanuM vargIkaraNa saMpUrNapaNe svIkArya to na ja banI zake. aneka alaMkArone eka alaMkAramAM samAvavAnI bAbatamAM potAnI ruci ane amuka prakAranI vyaktigata dRSTine hemacaMdrAcArya anusare che, paNa AthI teo pUrvAcAryono anAdara kare che tevuM nathI. teo to temanI 'vivekapUDALi' nAmanI vistRta TIkAmAM pUrvAcAryonA RNano vAraMvAra svIkAra karatA jaNAya che. vaLI teo A TIkAmAM potAnA saMkSepane samajAvavA paNa prayatna kare che. Ama anya AlaMkArikonI koI paNa TIkA karyA vinA potAnI amuka prakAranI ruci temaja vyaktigata dRSTi pramANe alaMkAronuM vargIkaraNa karatA hemacaMdrAcAryanI prazaMsA karI zakIe tema chIe. AmAM hemacaMdrAcAryano hetu alaMkAranA vargIkaraNanI paddhatimAM sauMdaryadRSTie yA anya prakAre navI vyavasthA ANavAno nathI, tema ja tevo temano dAvo paNa nathI. teo to potAnA viziSTa samAja mATe pUrvavidyAone vizada rIte rajU karato graMtha taiyAra karavA mAge che ane emAM kyAreka gauNapaNe emanI pratibhAnuM darzana thAya che kharuM. hemacaMdrAcAryanI viziSTa kRti che saMskRta ane prAkRta 'cAya'. solaMkIyuganI saMskAritAne zabdabaddha karatI gujarAtanI pahelI ane zreSTha gaNAya tevI aitihAsika kAvyakRti 'zabdAnuzAsana'nAM sUtronAM dRSTAMto ApavA mATe caulukyavaMzanI kathAne temaNe viSayavastu tarIke rAkhIne 'cAzraya' kAvyanI racanA karI. vyAkaraNa ane itihAsa emAMthI ekasAthe sahajapaNe siddha thAya che tethI 'hacAzraya' mahAkAvya tarIke oLakhAya che. mahAkAvyamAM maLe evAM RtuvarNana, rasavarNana

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA ane suSTivarNana uparAMta nagara, prabhAta, yuddha, yAtrA, nadI, rAtri, parvata ke vivAhanAM varNano paNa maLe che. 'krayAzraya' 'bhaTTikAvya'nuM smaraNa karAve che. pANininA vyAkaraNanA niyamonA udAharaNarUpe rAmAyaNanI kathA laIne bhaTTi kavie racanA karI e ja rIte "siddhahemacaMdrazabdanuzAsana'nA vyAkaraNanA niyamonAM udAharaNa ApavA mATe mULarAja solaMkIthI kumArapALanA samaya sudhInA itihAsane kathAvastu tarIke laIne hemacaMdrAcAryuM 'dvayAzraya'nI racanA karI. caulukyavaMzanuM Alekhana thayuM hovAthI aitihAsika dRSTie A kRtinuM ghaNuM moTuM mUlya che ane tethI A kRti 'caulukyavaMzatkIrtana' nAma paNa dharAve che. e yuganI sAmAjika, dhArmika ane rAjakIya paristhitinuM mArmika pratibiMba A kAvyakRtimAM jhilAyuM che. saMskRta 'jyAzraya'nA 14mA sarga sudhIno bhAga jayasiMha siddharAjanA jIvanakALa sudhImAM (arthAt vi. saM. 1199mAM) pUrNa karyo haze ema mAnI zakAya. jyAre kumArapALanA caritrane AlekhatuM prAkRta 'dvayAzraya" eka svataMtra prAkRta mahAkAvya gaNAyuM che. vyAkaraNanI viziSTatA darzAvavA mATe racavAmAM AvelA saMskRta 'dvayAzrayanA zlokomAM siddharAjanAM parAkramonuM kAvyamaya varNana maLe che, paraMtu kyAreka vyAkaraNa sAthe itihAsa ke kavitvano meLa besato nathI. saMskRta 'dvayAzraya' kAvya e gujarAtanI asmitAnuM tejasvI kAvya che. mahAkavi kAlidAse 'raghuvaMza'mAM raghukuLanI kIrtine akSaraamara karI dIdhI to saMskRta ane prAkRta 'jyAzrayamAM hemacaMdrAcArye caulukyavaMzanI kIrtine akSaradeha Apyo. gujarAtI bhASA, gujarAtI saMskAritA ane gujarAtI asmitAno AlAdaka triveNIsaMgama A kRtie racI Apyo. gujarAtanI ramaNIo, yoddhAo, utsavo, medAnanuM zaurya ane dariyAnuM sAhasa - e badhuM darzAvIne hemacaMdrAcArya 'dhUmaktanA zabdomAM kahIe to "prajAne mahAna thavAnI jANe hamezAM dIkSA ApI rahyA hoya tema lAge che.20 kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArye potAnI kalpanAthI sarjeluM eka mahAna gujarAta 'yIzraya'mAM pragaTa thAya che. gujarAtanI samRddhi , vIratA, saMskAritA ane viziSTatAnI guNagAthA gAIne A svapnadraSTA AvatIkAlanA gujarAtanI jhAMkhI Ape che. temAM hemacaMdrAcAryanuM gujarAtI tarIkenuM gaurava, anya dharmo prati audArya ane sAhityAcAryanI uccAzayI bhAvanA pade pade pragaTa thAya che. eka sAcA itihAsakArane chAje te rIte pAyA, purAvA ke AdhAra vinAnI ghaTanAone tyajIne mAtra aitihAsika prasaMgonuM Akalana karyuM che. emaNe caulukyavaMzanuM yazogAna karyuM che, paraMtu aitihAsikatAnI bhUmi oLaMgIne nahi athavA to atizayoktimAM sarI jaIne nahi. koI paNa prasaMga kalpita rIte saryo nathI ke koI paNa kaMThopakaMTha jaLavAyelI vAtane yogya saMzodhana vinA svIkArI nathI. kaLikALasarvajJanI saMpradAyAtIta pratibhA 'dvayAzrayamAM khIlI UThI che. AmAM vaidika sAhitya, judAM judAM purANo, paurANika AkhyAyikAo ane anya dharmazAstronAM udAharaNo maLe che. yajJa ane devatAono paNa emane sAro evo paricaya che. A bAbato emanI bahu zrutatA ane vyApaka dRSTinuM ghAtaka gaNAya. saMskRta 'dvayAzraya'mAM kavitAnI apekSAe itihAsanuM prAdhAnya jovA maLe che, to prAkRta 'dayAzrayamAM kAvyatattvanuM prAdhAnya jovA maLe che. "siddhahemacaMdrazabdAnuzAsana'mAM sAta adhyAyamAM saMskRta 'dvayAzraya'nI racanA thaI, to AThamA adhyAyamAM ApelA prAkRta bhASAnA vyAkaraNanA niyamonA dRSTAMtarUpe 'prApta nyAzraya' mahAkAvyanI

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA racanA thaI. rAjA kumArapALanA jIvananI keTalIka ghaTanAo AlaMbana tarIke levAmAM AvI hovAthI A kRtine 'kumArapAna rata' kahevAmAM Ave che. ATha sarga dharAvatI A kRtinA prathama cha sargamAM mahArASTrIya prAkRtanAM udAharaNo ane niyamo darzAvyAM che. bAkInA be sargomAM zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikArpazAcI ane apabhraMza bhASAnAM udAharaNa maLe che . ATha sarganI Azare 747 gAthAmAM aNahilapurapATaNa, jinapratimA, kumArapALanA vijayo, jaina dharmanA siddhAMtonI gaveSaNA tathA zrutadevIno kumArapALane apAyelo upadeza AlekhavAmAM AvyAM che. zrutadevIno upadeza je rIte kRtimAM vaNI levAyo che tenAthI kRtinI kAvyamayatA mahorI UThI che. temAM zAMta, zRMgAra ane vIrarasanuM manabhara Alekhana maLe che. vIrarasanuM prAdhAnya hovA chatAM anya rasono tenI sAthe subhaga samanvaya sadhAyo che. bhASAnuM svAbhAvika mAdhurya ane varNanonI citrAtmakatA kAvyarasikanA hRdayane sparzI jAya che. vaLI AmAM kavie upamA, unmelA, dIpaka, dRSTAMta, rUpaka ane atizayokti jevA alaMkAronI suMdara yojanA karI che. A badhuM joIne ja "prAta dayAzrayanA TIkAkAra pUrNakalazagaNi AraMbhe ja bolI UThe che - 'yaH prAkRtavyAkaraNaM nu zabdaiH sAhityasarvasvamivArthabhaGgayA / sa byAzrayaH kAvyamanalpabuddhi jJeyaH kathaM mAdRza eva gamyA / / "zabdoe karIne je prAkRta vyAkaraNa che; ane arthanI dRSTie je saMpUrNa sAhityarUpa che - te bahu buddhivALAothI samajAya tevuM dayAzrayakAvya mArA jevAne kyAMthI samajAya ?" A baMne mahAkAvyamAM paraMparAnusArI suMdara varNano ane hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA alaMkArayojanA jovA maLe che. paraMtu baMnemAM saMskRta mahAkAvyamAM apekSita nAyakanA sarvAgI caritranirUpaNanI zarata A kRti saMtoSa che ema bhAgye ja kahI zakAya. gujarAtanI asmitA, tejasvitA ane sattvazIlatA mATe A kAvyanuM kathAvastu cirasmaraNIya raheze. ApaNe mATe durbhAgyanI bAbata e che ke "saMskRta dayAzraya' mahAkAvyanuM sva. maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedIe kareluM bhASAMtara Aje aprApya che ane 'prAkRta vaMcAzraya'nuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara hajI sudhI thayuM nathI. 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra" eTale tresaTha zalAkApuruSonAM caritra. bhagavAna RSabhadevathI mAMDIne mahAvIra svAmI sudhInA covIsa tIrthaMkara; bharata, sagara, sanatakumAra, subhuma, haripeNa jevA bAra cakravartI; kRpaNa, tripRSTha, svayaMbhU, datta, nArAyaNa vagere nava vAsudeva; acala, vijaya, sudarzana, AnaMda, rAma ane naMdana vagere nava baLadeva; rAvaNa, prahUlAda, jarAsaMdha, bali vagere nava prati vAsudeva - ema kula tresaTha zalAkApuruSonAM caritro A kAvyagraMthamAM AlekhAyAM che. je mahApuruSonA mokSa vize have saMdeha nathI evA prabhAvake puruSone zalAkApuruSa tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. kumArapALa mahArAjAnI vinaMtI svIkArIne mahAbhArata ane purANonI barAbarI karI zake tevo 36,000thI vadhu zlokomAM lakhAyelo A kAvyagraMtha che. A kAvyagraMthanI racanA anuSupa chaMdamAM dasa parvomAM karavAmAM AvI che. prathama parvamAM RSabhadeva tIrthakara ane bharata cakravartInuM jIvana varNavAyuM che ane chellA dasamA parvamAM mahAvIra svAmInuM caritra vigate nirUpAyuM che. vizALa sAgara jevA A graMthamAM mahApuruSonAM caritro uparAMta bIjI aneka nAnImoTI paurANika AkhyAyikAo che. itihAsa ane tattvajJAna, dhArmika ane sAmAjika utsavo, rItarivAjo, dezasthiti, lokonI rItabhAta ane gujarAtanI paristhiti vagerenuM tAdRza nirUpaNa thayuM che. zrI

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA motIcaMda kApaDiyAe noMdhyuM che ke A graMtha sAthaMta vAMcavAmAM Ave to saMskRta bhASAnA AkhA kozano abhyAsa thaI jAya tevI racayitAe enI goThavaNa karI che. 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra' eTale jaina kathAnako, itihAsa, paurANika kathAo, jaina saMpradAyanA siddhAMto ane tattvajJAnano sarvasaMgraha. 'krayAzraya" karatAM A graMthamAM racayitAe vizeSa vaividhya sAdhyuM che ane AnI racanA uttarAvasthAmAM thaI hovAthI eka prakAranI prauDhatA paNa temAM jovA maLe che. AnI prazastimAM mahArAjA kumArapALe zrI hemacaMdrasUrine nIce pramANe vinaMtI karI : "pUrve mArA pUrvaja siddharAja nI bhaktiyukta yAcanAthI Ape vRttithI yukta evuM sAMga vyAkaraNa raceluM che, temaja mAre mATe nirmaLa yogazAstra raceluM che ane lokone mATe dvayAzrayakAvya, chaMdonuzAsana, kAvyAnuzAsana ane nAmasaMgraha pramukha bIjAM zAstro paNa racelAM che. he svAmI, joke tame svayameva lokonA upara upakAra karavAne arthe sajaja thayA cho, tathApi mArI prArthanA che ke mArA jevA manuSyone pratibodha thavAne mATe Apa triSaSTizalA kApuruSonAM caritane prakAza A mahAkAvya karAve che. zrI madhusudana modI noMdhe che, "hemacaMdrAcAryanuM kaLikALasarvajJanuM biruda A ekalo graMtha paNa siddha karI zake evo e vizALa, gaMbhIra, sarvadarzI che." 23 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra'nI racanA karyA pachI hemacaMdrAcArya tera sargamAM pariziSTa parva'nI racanA karI. A graMthamAM emaNe pUrvAcAryoe racelA graMthono AdhAra laI AmAMnI ghaNI mAhitI ekatrita karI lIdhI che. AmAM bhagavAna mahAvIranA nirvANa pachInA sudharmasvAmI, je busvAmI, bhadrabAhusvAmI , vaja svAmI vagere jainaparaMparAnA sAdhuono vRttAMta bIjI aneka nAnImoTI kathAo sAthe varNavavAmAM Avyo che. zreNika, saMpati, caMdragupta, azoka vagere rAjAono itihAsa emaNe temAM gUMthI lIdho che. 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritranAM dasa parva pachI enA ja anusaMdhAnamAM e ja zailIe lakhAyelAM A caritrone graMthakartAe 'pariziSTaparva" tarIke oLakhAvyAM che. pro. yAkobI A graMthane 'sthavirAvali' tarIke oLakhAve che. paraMtu sAmAnya rIte "pariziSTa parva' tarIke te vadhu jANItuM che. AmAMnAM kathAnako hemacaMdrAcArye anya graMthomAMthI lIdhAM che, paraMtu ene kAvyanuM mAdhurya ane kAvyanuM svarUpa hemacaMdrAcArye ApyuM che. jaMbusvAmIthI AraMbhI vajasena sudhInA paTTadharonI kathA ane AnuSaMgika aitihAsika kathAnako padyarUpe hemacaMdrAcAryo ApyAM che, je temanuM asAdhAraNa padyaracanAkauzala darzAve che. AmAM samAviSTa keTalIka lokakathAo ane amuka dRSTAMto atyaMta rasadAyaka che. jaina paTTadharonA itihAsanI dRSTie paNa tenuM mahattva che. anuTupa chaMdamAM kula 3450 zloko ApyA che. jaMbusvAmI ane sthULabhadranAM caritro dhyAnapAtra che. AmAM mAtra AcAryonI nAmAvali ApavAne badale ene saMbaMdhita nAnI-moTI kathAo paNa mUkI che. karo22 A rIte dharmopadezanA prayojanathI graMthanI racanA hemacaMdrAcArye karI che. uttarAvasthAmAM Avo virATa graMtha racavo te koI sAmAnya bAbata nathI. dhArmika dRSTie AmAMthI jaina dharma, tattvajJAna ane praNAlIno paricaya prApta thAya che. to aitihAsika dRSTie paNa dasamA parvanA be vibhAgo atyaMta upayogI che. chaMda, alaMkAra, kAvyazAstra ke zabdazAstranI dRSTie A mahAkAvya abhyAsIone mabalakha sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. kavinA mukhethI kAvyapaMktio chaMdobaddha vANImAM keTalI saraLa ane pravAhI rIte vahetI haze tenI pratIti

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bhAvana-vibhAvana 'pramANamImAMsA' e hemacaMdrAcAryano pramANazAstra vizeno pAMca adhyAyano graMtha che. AmAM pramANalakSaNa, pramANavibhAga, paroyalakSaNa, parArthAnumAna, hetvAbhAsa, vAdalakSaNo vagerenI pAribhASika carcA jainasUtrasiddhAMto ane jainanyAyazAstrane lakSamAM rAkhIne karavAmAM AvI che. A graMtha emanA samayamAM vAdAnuzAsana tarIke oLakhAto hato. tenA para pote ja TIkA lakhI. joke atyAre to bIjA adhyAyanA prathama Anika sudhIno bhAga ja prApya che. A kRti apUrNa hovAne kAraNe zrI hemacaMdrAcAryanI chellI kRti haze tevuM anumAna thaI zake kharuM ? lokahitanI dRSTie racAyelA A graMthanI saMpUrNa prata prApta thAya to chaye darzananuM hemacaMdrAcAryanA jJAnanuM navanIta pAmI zakAya. siddhasena divAkara ane haribhadrasUrinI satyazodhaka dRSTi hemacaMdrAcAryamAM hatI enI pratIti A graMtha karAve che. zrI madhusUdana modI 'vAdAnuzAsana" ane 'pramANamImAMsA' e baMne kRtio eka hovAnI saMbhAvanAno saMketa kare che. sUtrazailIe racAyelA A graMthane akSapAda gautamanAM nyAyasUtro pramANe ene AhunikomAM vaheMcI dIdho che. paMDita sukhalAlajIe hemacaMdrAcAryanI 'pramANamImAMsA'nuM samartha saMpAdana karyuM che. hemacaMdrAcAryanI 'pramANamImAMsA'mAM purogAmI AcAryo sAthe jyAM saMmati hoya tyAM emanAM vacanomAM pheraphAra karavAnI emanI lekhanapraNAlI nathI. jyAM purogAmI AcAryonAM vidhAnomAM sudhArovadhAro karyo che tyAM emanI vedhaka dRSTino paricaya maLe che. sIdhI, saraLa ane sacoTa zailImAM lakhAyelo 'pramANamImAMsA'no A graMtha jaina nyAyanA abhyAsIone mATe AzIrvAdarUpa gaNAya. AmAM anekAMtavAda tathA nayavAdanuM zAstrIya nirUpaNa ApaNuM dhyAna kheMce che. paramatasahiSNutAnI dRSTi darzanajagata ane tarkasAhityane 'pramANamImAMsAmAMthI sAMpaDe che. saMpradAyanI vRddhi arthe lakhAyelo A graMtha e rIte saMpraghayAtIta banI jAya che. hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA yuvAna vayamAM ajJAtavAsane kAraNe kumArapALane aneka sAdhuono samAgama thayo ane tethI yoga para prIti jAgI. pacAsa varSanI vaye gAdI para AvelA kumArapALanI yogazAstranI jijJAsAne paritRpta karavA mATe hemacaMdrAcArye 'yogazAstranI racanA karI hatI. graMtharacanAnuM nimitta kumArapALa hovA chatAM teno hetu to "bhavyajanone bodha maLe 25 tevo rAkhavAmAM Avyo ane tethI saraLa bhASAmAM rocaka dRSTAMto sAthe pote tenI vistRta TIkA racI, zAstra, sadgurunI vANI ane AtmAnubhava - e traNa 'yogazAstra'nI racanAnAM sAdhano banyAM. AcArya anubhavasiddha ane zAstranizcita mArga ja darzAve e rIte hemacaMdrAcArye A zAstranI racanA yogasiddhAMtane vizvasanIya rIte pratipAdana karavAnI pratijJA sAthe karI. gRhasthajIvanane utkarSakAraka kramamAMthI pasAra karI tene yogamaya jIvanamAM laI javuM te yogazAstrano hetu che. hemacaMdrAcArye tenA mArgadarzanarUpa rocaka upadeza aneka pracalita vArtAo guMthIne Apyo che, upadezanI vyApakatA ane sarvagamyatAe A graMthane anyadharmIomAM paNa priya banAvyo che. A 'yogazAstra' be bhAgamAM vibhakta che. ekathI cAra prakAzanA enA prathama bhAgamAM gRhasthane upayogI evA dharmano upadeza karavAmAM Avyo che. bIjA bhAgamAM arthAtu pAMcathI bAra prakAzamAM prANAyAma Adi yoganA viSayono nirdeza karavAmAM Avyo che. A bAra prakAzamAM 1013 zloko mUkavAmAM AvyA che. hemacaMdrAcArye yogazAstra para pote ja vRtti lakhI che. ane temAM emaNe mahAbhArata, manusmRti, upaniSado vagere graMthanAM avataraNo ApyAM che. potAnA guru devacaMdrasUrinA graMthamAMthI paNa avataraNo lIdhAM che. joke Avo koI graMtha hAla upalabdha nathI. A 'yogazAstrane adhyAtmopaniSada kahevAmAM Ave che. A 'yogazAstramAM vividha dRSTAMto sahita yoganA viSayanuM saraLa ane rocaka nirUpaNa maLe che. mArgAnusArInA pAMtrIsa guNo,

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bhAvana-vibhAvana samyaktvanAM lakSaNo, mahAvrato, aNuvrato, saMsAranuM svarUpa, kaSAyo, bAra bhAvanA, maitrI vagere cAra bhAvanA; darzana, jJAna ane cAritryanI ekatA, svapno, parakAyApraveza jevI siddhio tathA yama, niyama, prANAyAma, dhAraNA, dhyAna Adi viSayonI vizada carcA karavAmAM AvI che. vaLI pataMjalinA 'aSTAMgayoga'no sAdhuonAM mahAvrato temaja gRhasthonAM bAra vratonI sAthe sumeLa sAdhyo che. A kRtine aMte kaLikALasarvajJa potAnA AtmAne kevo mArmika upadeza Ape che ! 39 'tAMstAnAparamezvarAdapi parAn bhAvaiH prasAdaM nayaMstaistaistattadupAyamUDha bhagavannAtman kimAyAsyasi hantAtmAnamapi prasAdaya manAgyenAsatAM saMpadaH sAmrAjyaM parame'pi tejasi tava prAjyaM samujjRmbhate / / " * "huM upAyamUDha, he bhagavAn, he Atman, paramezvarathI judA judA bhAvo mATe zA mATe zrama karyA kare che ? jo tuM AtmAne thoDo prasanna kare to A saMpattio zI visAtamAM che ? tArA parama tejanI aMdara ja vizALa sAmrAjya vyApI raheluM che.ka jaina tattvajJAna ane jaina AcArane darzAvato 'yogazAstra' graMtha rAjA kumArapALane khUba gamI gayo hato. potAnA jIvananA aMtakALa sudhI emaNe evo niyama rAkhyAnuM kahevAya che ke savAre 'yogazAstra' graMthano pATha-svAdhyAya karyA pachI ja dinacaryAno AraMbha karavo. pataMjalinA 'yogasUtra' ane hemacaMdrAcAryanA 'yogazAstra'mAM viSaya, vicAra ane AlekhananI bhinnatA hovA chatAM e baMnenuM sAmya tulanAtmaka abhyAsano viSaya banI rahyo che. hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA hemacaMdrAcArya pAsethI stotra prakAranI keTalIka racanAo maLe che. keTalAMka stotra bhaktithI Ardra che to keTalAMka tarkayukta prauDhithI lakhAyelAM nArikelapAka samAM stotra che. hemacaMdrAcAryanI stotraracanAmAM lAgaNIno udreka ja nathI, balke utkaTa lAgaNI sAthe jJAnane chAjato saMyama sumizrita thayelo che. AmAM emanI dRDha zraddhA paNa pratIta thAya che. emanI A zraddhA tattvajJAnanI UMDI samaja ane adhyAtmaanubhavathI rasAyelI che ane AthI teo 'ayogavyavacchedikAdvAtriMzikA'mAM kahe che : 33 "he vIra ! kevaLa zraddhAthI tArA pratye pakSapAta nathI ke kevaLa dveSane lIdhe parasaMpradAyI pratye aruci nathI; yogya rIte AtmatvanI parIkSA karyA pachI ja sarvazaktimAna evA tamAro Azraya lIdho -27 che." Ama UMDA manana ane tarkanI kasoTIe emaNe jinadarzananI parIkSA karI che ane pachI ja eno prabhAva gAyo che. 'ayogavyavadikAdvAtriMzikA' ane 'anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA' nAmanI be dvAtriMzikA lakhI che te siddhasena divAkaranI evI kRtionI racanAnI zailIe lakhI che. 32 zlokanI A racanAomAM baMnemAM 31 zloka upajAti chaMdamAM ane chello zloka zikhariNI chaMdamAM che. A baMnemAM bhagavAna mahAvIranI stuti ApavAmAM AvI che. AnuM stutinI dRSTie jeTaluM mahattva che tethI vizeSa mahattva emAMnA kAvyatva mATe che. A baMne batrIsIo tattvajJAnathI garbhita che ane temAM judAM judAM darzanonI jhINavaTabharI samIkSA hovAthI buddhivAdIone te vizeSa game che. tenuM racanAkauzala ane bhASAlAlitya paNa dhyAna kheMce che. ayogavyavacchedikAdvAtriMzikAmAM emaNe jainadarzananI vigatapUrNa ane vizeSatAbharI mahattA darzAvI che. emaNe kahyuM che ke

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA he nAtha ! sadAya mArAM netro ApanA mukhanA darzanathI prApta thatA sukhanI lAlasAvALAM thAva ! mArA be hAtha tamArI upAsanA karanArA, ane mArA kAna sadAya tamArA guNane sAMbhaLanArA thAva ! "kuMThita hoya toya paNa, tArA guNane grahaNa karavA pratye jo mArI A vANI utkaMThita thAya to te vANI kharekhara zubha hajo ! bIjA prakAranI vANIno zo upayoga che ! vItarAgathI caDhiyAtuM koI darzana nathI ane anekAnta vinA bIjo koI zreSTha nyAyamArga nathI. A stotramAM anya matavAdIonA zAstrane sadoSa TharAvIne tejasvI vANImAM jinazAsananI mahattA darzAvI che. A stotranA aMte emanI samadarzitA vyakta kare che ane jinazAsana ja prAmANika hoIne tenuM gaurava darzAve che. AmAM saraLa ane madhura zabdomAM bhagavAna mahAvIra pratyenI bhakti ane jinazAsananI guNaArAdhanA karavAmAM AvI che. anyayogavyavacchedadvAaizikA'mAM bhagavAna mahAvIranA atizayo varNavIne pachI nyAya, vaizeSika, mImAMsA, vedAnta, sAMkhya, bauddha ane cArvAka e anya darzanonI samIkSA karyA pachI jainadarzananA syAdvAdanI mahattA darzAvI che. A kRti upara 14mI sadImAM maliSaNe 'syAdvAdamaMjarI' nAme TIkA lakhI je A stotranI dArzanika prauDhine sacoTa rIte batAvI Ape che. jainasiddhAMtanA abhyAsIo mATe A 'syAdvAdamaMjarInuM ananya mahattva che. A baMne dvAtrizikA karatAM 'vItarAgastotra'no prakAra judo che. 'vItarAgastotramAM bhaktibhAvathI UchaLatuM hRdaya pragaTa thAya che. vIsa vibhAgamAM vaheMcAyelA 'vItarAgastotranA dareka vibhAgane 'prakAza' evuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che ane enA vIsa prakAzamAM kula 188 zloko che. AmAM kyAMka kyAMka hemacaMdrAcAryanI dArzanika pratibhA pragaTe che, paNa mukhyatve to emAM bhaktahRdaya ja pragaTa thAya che. A stotranI racanA kumArapALa rAjA mATe karI hatI. 'vItarAgastotra' bhaktinuM eka madhura kAvya banI gayuM che. bhaktinI sAthe jainadarzana paNa temAM anusmRta che. emanI samanvayAtmaka ane vyApaka dRSTino paricaya paNa thAya che. AmAM rasa, AnaMda ane Arjava che. eka sthaLe teo kahe che : huM Apano bhUtya chuM, dAsa chuM; kiMkara chuM; "sAruM' ema kahIne he nAtha, tuM mAro svIkAra kara ! AnAthI vadhAre huM kaheto nathI ! A AkhuMya stotra anuTupa chaMdamAM vahe che ane bhaktino eka madhura anubhava karAve che. AthI ja stotrasAhityamAM A hRdayasparzI stotra UMcuM sthAna dharAve che. jo mahAdeva viraktivALA hoya, vItarAga hoya to te amAre mana jina ja che evA bhAva sAthe kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanuM anuSTrapa ane AryA chaMdamAM lakhAyeluM 44 zlokonuM A stotra agAunA traNa stotra jevI proDhi dharAvatuM nathI. Ano chello zloka AryA chaMdamAM lakhAyelo che. haribhadrasUrie mahAdevASTaka lakhyuM hatuM e ja praNAlIne anusarIne hemacaMdrAcArya A ja stotra lakhyuM hoya e saMbhavita che. mahAdevanuM svarUpa kevuM hovuM joIe te vividha lakSaNo vaDe darzAvyuM che. siddharAja hemacaMdrAcArya somanAthanA maMdiramAM gayA hatA tyAre Ano chevaTano zloka somanAthanI pUjA vakhate kahyo hato tema prabaMdhakAronuM mAnavuM che. A zloka che : 'bhava bIjAkurajananAM rAgAdyAH kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA, haro jino vA namastasmai / /

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bhAvana-vibhAvana "janmarUpI bIjanA aMkurane janma ApanArA rAgAdi jenA kSaya pAmyA che te brahmA, viSNu, ziva ke jina tene namaskAra hajo !" A uparAMta 35 zlokonuM 'sakalAhat stotra' maLe che, jemAM mukhyatve tIrthakaronI stuti che. A badhI kRtio uparAMta 'ahaMnnAmasamuccaya", "ahaMnnIti' jevI keTalIka saMdigdha kRtio hemacaMdrAcAryane nAme caDelI maLe che temaja "anekArthazeSa', 'pramANazAstra', 'zeSasaMgrahanAmamAtA', saptasaMdhAna mahAkAvya ' jevI kaLikALasarvajJanI racelI gaNAtI anupalabdha kRtio koI saMzodhakanI rAha joIne beThI che. Ave samaye 5, becaradAsajInAM A vacano yAda Ave che : "emaNe racelA keTalAka apUrva graMtho to Aje maLatA paNa nathI e AjanA gujarAtIne zaramAvanAruM nathI ? je mahApuruSe aneka graMtho lakhI gujarAtanI, gujarAtanA rAjAnI ane vidyAnI pratiSThA vadhArI temanA graMthone jatanathI jALavI-sAcavI-saMbhALI rAkhavA jeTaluM paNa sAmarthya AjanA A bekadara gujarAtIe khoI nAkhyuM che; eTaluM ja nahi paNa A jainanAmadhArIo - jeo temanA pAkA anuyAyI hovAno phAMko rAkhe che temane paNa tenI kyAM paDI che ? hA, eTaluM kharuM. AcAryane nAme be nagArAM, be zaraNAIo jaino jarUra vagaDAvavAnAM ane kokavAra moDhAM paNa mIThAM karavAnAM, paNa temanI akSarasaMpatti kyAM kema daTAI che teno bhAva sarakho paNa pUchaze kharA ?' I. sa. 1939nI 9mI eprila ane ravivAre pATaNamAM yojAyelA hemasArasvata satranA pramukhasthAnethI vaktavya ApatAM zrI kanaiyAlAla munazIe kahyuM hatuM ke have bhaMDAramAM bhareluM jJAna duniyAbharamAM pharatuM karavAnuM che.31 hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA jotAM jaNAya che ke teo saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAnA mahAna sarjaka, saMgrAhaka ane saMyojaka hatA. emanI racanAomAM eka bAju potIkI asmitA, solaMkIyuganI garimA ane sarasvatIpUjakanI yuyutsA pragaTa thAya che to bIjI bAju tarka, vicAra, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, darzana sudhIno vyApa maLe che. kavi, saMpAdaka, kozakAra, vyAkaraNazAstrI, itihAsakAra ane samAjasudhArakathI mAMDIne yoganAM UMcAM zikharo sudhI emanI dRSTi phelAyelI che ane badhe ja emanI pratibhA samarthapaNe vihare che. emano vipula graMthabhaMDAra vizALa jJAnakoza ja lAge. emanI kRtio eTalI badhI che ke koI eka vyakti AjIvana nahi. balka keTalIye vyaktio ekasAthe maLIne jIvanabhara saMzodhana kare eTaluM racanA sAmarthya emAM che. kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanuM gaMbhIra jJAna, ucca sAdhutA, sva-parazAstromAM pAraMgatatA, vyavahArakuzaLatA ane rAjanaitika dakSatA dRSTigocara thAya che. emaNe vidvattA sAthenI sAdhutAnI UMcI kiMmate aMkAvI. hemacaMdrAcAryanA ziSya devacaMdranA zabdomAM kahIe to "vimoniyamaMthamaMvari: zrI demavandro za: I' che. vi. saM. 1229mAM kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArya kALadharma pAmyA. e aMge 'kItikaumudI'no racayitA somezvara kahe che, "IyuSya vAtAzraya fsatati zrama vandra vija " arthAt hemasUrino svargavAsa thatAM vidvattA AzrayavihoNI banI jAya che. 84 varSanI vaye kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArye emanuM akSarajIvana saMkelI lIdhuM, paraMtu emanuM vipula akSarajIvana jotAM AdarapUrNa Azcarya sivAya bIjo koI bhAva thato nathI.

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA saMdarbhasUci 1. 'hemacaMdrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa', le, bhogIlAla ja , sAMDesarA, 'zrI haima sArasvata satra : ahevAla ane nibaMdhasaMgraha', pR. 122 2. 'hemacaMdrAcArya', le. paM. becaradAsa dozI, pR. 110 3. zrI hemacaMdrAcArya, le. dhUmaketu, tRtIya AvRtti, pR. 167 4. 'zrImad hemacaMdrAcArya', le. mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI, | 'zrI hema sArasvata satra : ahevAla ane nibaMdhasaMgraha', pR. 74 5. 'zrI hemacaMdrAcArya', le. dhUmaketu, tRtIya AvRtti, pR. 15ra 6. 'AcArya hemacaMdrasUri : temanI sarvagrAhI vidvattA', le. dI.ba. kRSNalAla mo. jhaverI, 'zrI haMma sArasvata satra : ahevAla ane nibaMdhaspardhA', pR. 203 7. " zrI haima sArasvata satra : ahevAla ane nibaMdhasaMgraha', pR. 27 8. 'zrI hemacaMdrAcArya', le. dhUmaketu, tRtIya AvRtti, pR. 7, 8 9. somaprabhuviracita 'svapajJavRttiyukta zatArthakAvya:' (prAcIna sAhityoddhAra graMthAvali : graMtha 2, munizrI caturavijaya saMpAdita: prakAze sArAbhAI navAba) pR. 124 10. "The Life of Hemchandracharya' by Professor Dr. G. Buhler, Forward, P. XIV 11. 'zrImad hemacaMdrAcAryanI kRtio', le. motIcaMda giradharalAla kApaDiyA, 'zrI haima sArasvata satra : ahevAla ane nibaMdhasaMgraha', pR. 179 hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA 12. ejana, pR. 180 13. 'The Life of Hemchandracharya' by Professor Dr. G. Buhler, Forward, P. XIV 14. "prAcIna gujarAtI chaMdo : eka aitihAsika samAlocanA', le. rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka 15. "vArtha premacaMdra, nai. . . . murataffthAra, p. 200 16. 'siddhahemagata apabhraMza vyAkaraNa', saMpA. harivallabha bhAyANI, pR. 22 17. 'hamasamIkSA', le. madhusUdana modI, pR. 17 18. 'The Deinamamala of Hemchandra' by R. Pischel, Introduction II, P. 31 16. "The Dezinamamala of Hemchandra' by R. Pischel, Glossary, P. 1-92 20. 'zrI hemacaMdrAcArya', le. dhUmaketu, tRtIya AvRtti, pR. 69 21. 'hemacaMdrAcAryanI kRtio', le. motIcaMda gi. kApaDiyA, 'prasthAna', vaizAkha 1995, pR. 54 22. 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita', parva 10, aMtya. prazasti zloka 18-19 23. 'hamasamIkSA', le. madhusUdana modI, pR. 290 24. ejana, pR. 201 25. ejana, pR. 250 26. yogazAstra', prakAza 12, zloka 55

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA ra7. 'ayogavyavacchedikAAtrizikA', zloka 26 28. 'vItarAgastava', prakAza 10, zloka 6, 7, 8 29, 'merUtuMga : prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi', prakAza 4, pRSTha 85 (siMdhI sIrIjhanI AvRtti) 30. hemacaMdrAcArya', le. paM. becaradAsa dozI, pR. 43-44 31. 'zrI haima sArasvata satra : ahevAla ane nibaMdhasaMgraha', pR. 46 gujarAtI gadhanuM prabhAta phrenca nATyakAra moliyaranuM eka pAtra tAratUpha ema kahe che ke mane to khabara ja nahIM ke Aja sudhI huM je bolato hato te gadya hatuM. narmadanA purogAmI gadyalekhako vize AvuM ja kahI zakAya. pote sAhityika lakSaNovALuM gadyalekhana karI rahyA che evI sabhAnatA emaNe sevI nahotI. gujarAtI gadyano prAraMbha svAminArAyaNanAM 'vacanAmRto 'thI, dalapatarAmanA 'bhUtanibaMdha' jevA nibaMdhothI ke raNachoDabhAI giradharalAlanA pustakathI thayAno ullekha karavAmAM Ave che, paNa gujarAtI gadyano kharo prAraMbha to narmadathI thayo gaNAya. gadya eTale layabaddha bhASAmAM sAhityika AkAra pAmeluM vaktavya. A prakAranuM rUDha gadya narmade ja sahuthI pahelAM ApyuM che. enI agAunA lekhakomAM koIne gadyamAM navaprasthAna karyAnuM mAna maLe tema

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45 bhAvana-vibhAvana nathI. narmade joyuM ke aMgrejI ane saMskRta kavio gadya paNa sAruM lakhI zakatA hatA; paNa 'gujarAtI kavio mAtra malina rIte kavitA bhASAmAM ja lakhI gayA che. gadyamAM to kaMI ja lakhyuM nathI.'' evI mAnasika noMdha laIne teNe sAhityika sugaMdhavALuM gadya lakhavAno prayatna karyo. je rIte aMgrejone anusarIne maMDaLI maLavAthI thatA lAbhanI himAyata karI; e ja rIte sTIla ane eNDisananA 'spekTeTara' jevuM gadyAtmaka lakhANa karavAnI tene hoMza hatI. 'DAMDiyo' pragaTa karIne eNe gadya vAMcavA aNuTevAyelI prajAne gadya vAMcatI karavAno upakrama rAkhyo hato. A dRSTie narmada e ApaNo pahelo gadyakAra gaNAya. senAnI narmadane enA jamAnAmAM vIra narmada ke sudhAraka narmada tarIke oLakhavAmAM Avyo ane sAhityamAM e kavi narmada tarIke jANIto thayo, paraMtu vIra narmada e jeTaluM tenA vyaktitvane anurUpa lAge che, teTaluM Aje narmadanI sAhityapravRttino samagra vicAra karatAM kavi narmada kadAca baMdhabesatuM na lAge. enA samayanA lokoe narmadane kavi tarIke bhale biradAvyo hoya, zrI vizvanAtha bhaTTe kahyuM che tema, narmada pote mahAkavino bhAre vAgho paherIne satata pharyA karato hoya tema bhale banyuM hoya, paNa enAM lakhANo parathI nakkI karavuM hoya to kavi karatAM gadyakAra narmadane UMce Asane mUkavo paDe. narmadanA AvegazIla, dezadAjhathI baLabaLatA ane 'yAhoma karIne' kazuMka navuM karI nAkhavAno utsAha dharAvatA vyaktitvane mATe gadya ja sahajasiddha vAhana banI rahe che. gadyamAM e khIle che ane emAM ja enI zaktino dhodha vahe che. vaLI cheka sattaramAM varSe eNe gadyaracanA zarU karI ane mRtyuparyaMta gadyamAM lakhyuM, jyAre enA kAvyasarjanano kALa gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta to mAMDa agiyAra varSa jeTalo rahyo. kavitAnA kSetre anugAmI kavio mATe kAvyaprakAra, zailI, chaMda ityAdimAM navA prayogo karavA mATe teNe potAnI kAcIpAkI racanAothI dvAra kholI ApyAM. 'jaya jaya garavI gujarAta' ke 'avasAnasaMdeza' jevI thoDI premazauryanI racanAo ApI. paNa Ajeya enAM gadyalakhANo vAMcatAM eka pratibhAzALI sarjakanI chApa paDe che. enA samagra jIvanano Alekha to gadyamAMthI maLe che, paNa enA mananI chabI paNa gadyamAM ja jhilAI che. enI kAvyakRtiomAM jeTalI zuddha, sarjanAtmaka racanAo nIkaLe, tenA karatAM tenAM gadyalakhANomAMthI anekagaNI vadhAre kRtio pahelI ja najare dhyAna kheMce tevI maLaze. bIjI vAta e ke pazcimanA gadyakAronA parizIlanathI gadyatattva vize tema ja gadyaprakAro vize enA manamAM spaSTa khyAla baMdhAyelo. tethI kavitAnA namUnA uparathI kavitA racavAmAM ene saphaLatA maLI, ethI vadhu saphaLatA gadyanA namUnA parathI gadya racavAmAM maLI che. 'saMpa', 'sukha', 'kAma', 'punarvivAha', 'svadezAbhimAna', 'sudhArAnuM visarjana', 'brahmatRSA', 'Aryoodhana', 'dharmanI agatya', 'gujarAtI bhASA', 'suratanI caDatIpaDatI', 'yuropanI traNa mahAna prajAnAM lakSaNo', mahAbhAratanAM pAtronI samAlocanA', 'raNamAM pAchA pagalAM na karavA vize' athavA to 'sikaMdara' ke 'nepoliyana'nuM caritrakIrtana ke 'kavicaritra vize'nuM vivecana jevAM lakhANo narmadanA gadyanA AvirbhAvanI vibhinna ane viziSTa koTio batAve che. I. sa. 1850mAM 'maMDaLI maLavAthI thatA lAbha' e narmade vAMcelo nibaMdha te enuM paheluM gadyalakhANa. pachI to eNe gadyamAM

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48. mAvana-vibhAvanA nibaMdha, caritra, itihAsa, koza, vivecana, saMzodhana, patra vagere prakAro kheDyA. e dareka prakArane viziSTa sAhityasvarUpa tarIke kheDavAno eno prayatna hato. koI paNa bhASAnA sAhityanA AraMbhakALe eka ja sarjaka ATalA badhA gadyaprakAromAM navaprasthAna kare evuM ochuM bane che. gujarAtI sAhityane mATe e AnaMdanI bInA gaNAya ke ene AraMbhakALamAM ja Avo samartha prayogazIla lekhaka maLyo. pachI thayelA vikAsanA pariprekSyamAM Aje bhale ApaNane narmadanuM gadya sthaLa, aNaghaDa ke ochI guNavattAvALuM lAge, paNa aitihAsika dRSTie enuM jeTaluM mahattva AMkIe teTaluM ochuM che, kemake eNe navo cIlo pADIne anugAmIone mATe navo mArga cIMdhI Apyo, jene pariNAme ATalo vikAsa thayo. gujarAtI gadyanA grAphane jotAM ema kahI zakAya ke paMDitayuganI peDhIe je vikAsa karyo che te narmadanA khabhA para besIne karyo che. mAtra nibaMdhanA svarUpanI ja vAta karIe to narmade vyAkhyAnazailI ane ciMtanazailIno AraMbha karyo, ane tenuM ja sAtatya pachInI peDhIe vikasAvyuM che. narmada samAjathI aLago ekadaMDiyA mahelamAM besI sAhityika pravRtti karanAra lekhaka nahoto. e pahelo samAja sudhAraka hato, ane pachI lekhaka hato, kAraNa ke enuM mukhya kArya to potAnA jamAnAnI prajAne ajJAna ane jaDatAmAMthI jAgrata karavAnuM hatuM ane e arthe ja eNe samAjasudhArAnI pravRtti upADI hatI. sudhAraka tarIke sabhAo yojIne e jema sudhArAno pracAra karato hato, tema sudhArAnA mAdhyama tarIke eNe enAM gadyalakhANone vAhana banAvyAM hatAM. Ave samaye narmadanuM gadya lohIthI lakhAtuM gadya lAge che. 'svadezAbhimAna' nibaMdhamAM narmada kahe che - gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta "are o bhATa cAraNo ! tamArI kaLA kyAM gumAvI nAkhI che ? rAjAone ayogya rIte zA vAste yazanA tADa upara caDAvI do cho ? nekIdAro ! tame rAjAonA durvikAro e nekI jANI pokAro cho ? nItimAna lokonA pratinidhi thaI, rAjAone cetavo ke rAjA ! ame tamArA nekIdAra kahevAyA ne tamArI nekI to kaMI ja nathI, mATe badI choDI do ne emane tamArI nekIne ja pokAravA do. nahi to thoDe dahADe tamAre kaMgAla thavuM paDaze. kavio ane kArabhArIo, tamArA gajavAne na juo; dezano khajAno jAya che ema vicAro. rAjAonI sustI, teonI nAmardAI, teonI avidvattA e upara niMdAyukta kavitA raca jethI, teo dubhAIne cAnaka rAkhIne kuLanAma boLyAM che tene tAre. rAjAo ja potAnA dravyathI zrama laI dIrghadRSTi doDAvaze tyAre ja hiMdunuM nAma UMcuM Avaze. mahenata karato maravAthI kema bIo cho ? o rajapUto ! 'guraFca maraghAM taUT' kammara bAMdhI dezATana karo ne tyAMthI navI yuktio lAvIne tamArA rAjyane sudhAro." A lakhatI vakhate narmadanA hRdayamAM kevo 'josso' UchaLato haze. ATalI ja tejAbI zailImAM narmade samAjamAM pravartatA daMbha, zoSaNa ane chetarapiMDIne dUra karavA prayatna karyo. AnI pAchaLa enuM utsAhathI UchaLatuM joma jeTaluM kAraNabhUta che eTalI ja enA hRdayanI saccAI paNa che. macchara karaDe to karaDavA devo ane roga Ave to osaDa na karavuM athavA to karmamAM lakhyuM haze te thaze enuM vicAranAro narmada nathI. e to mAne che ke mANasa thaIne kArya-akArya na samajIe to "DhoramAM ne ApaNAmAM phera zo ?" vidhavAonI durdazA vize, 'punarvivAha' nibaMdhamAM pratyeka zabda narmadanI vedanAnuM AMsu TapakatuM dekhAya che. ahIMyAM enI zailI dhAradAra ane pAradarzI banI jAya che,

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mAvana-vibhAvanA paNa enA mULamAM to enA hRdayane zIrNa-vizIrNa karI mUkatI vedanA che. e kahe che - zaherezahera, gAmegAma ne gheraghera, vidhavAnAM du:khathI thatAM pApathI loka jANItAM che. ane koI bALaka vidhavAne tenA ekAMtamAM nisAsA mUkatI jovI athavA dilagIrInA vicAramAM DUbI gayelI jovI, tene prasaMga (lagnakAryamAM vizeSa karIne) haDahaDa thatI jovI, te bIcArI para (ajJAna avasthAmAM) AvI paDelI garIbAI ane dAnAInI tasavIra jovI, tene cAramAM beThI chate potAnI ja dilagIrImAM kaNakaNo khAtI jovI, tene niraMtara zokathI sukAI jatI jovI, tene veza utAratI vakhate TaTaLatI tathA AraDatI jovI, ne Akhare mAthuM aphALatI hajAmanI pAse zaramAtI jatI jovI, ane pAchI rUDhi vahemanA julamane sahana karatI jovI e saghaLuM zuM mANasajAtanI kumaLI chAtIne vIMdhI nAkhIne ekadama dayAno jobho ANavAne basa nathI ? paththara, loDhuM ane vaja e jaDa chatAM paNa vidhavAonA sparza thakI pANI pANI thaI jAya; - nathI thaI jatAM tenuM kAraNa e ke vidhavAo samajatI avasthAmAM kukarma kare che ethI te jaDa padArthamAMthI dayA khasIne temanAmAM dhikkAra pese che. re paththara palaLe to kumaLI chAtI kema na palaLe ?" narmadanA gadyanuM baLa ahIM pratIta thAya che. e jeTalA AgrahathI zerabajAra ke rovAkUTavAnI ghelachA para prahAra kare che, evo ja prahAra kazAya saMkoca vagara dhanika varga ke DoLaghAlu agraNIo para karatAM acakAto nathI. samAjanA A baDekhAMo upara e evo 'DAMDiyo' vagADe che ke bhalabhalA enAthI dhrujatA hatA; nirbhayatA ane vANInI tigmatA e "DAMDiyo'nAM mukhya lakSaNa gaNAya; AthI ja jeNe agAu 'DAMDiyone madada karI hoya paNa e pachI enA TIkA gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta karanArA matalabiyA mitrone paNa sAvaceta rahevAnuM kahe che. gujarAtI zeThiyA ke gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTInI TIkA karatAM 'DAMDiyo" acakAto nathI. AmAM narmadanI nirbhIkatA pragaTa thAya che. "mArI hakIkta'mAM narmade eka sthaLe noMdhyuM che ke lyuthare ema kahyuM hatuM ke moholanA je TalAM naLiyAM che teTalA mArA dumana haze to paNa mAro mata choDIza nahi. tyAre lyutharanA A vAkyano ullekha karIne narmada kahe che ke e naLiyA bhAMgyAthI nAnI nAnI kakaDIo thAya teTalA duzmana haze topaNa huM darakAra rAkhavAno nathI. narmadanA gadyano janma potAnA jamAnAnA pratyAghAtamAMthI thayo che. AthI ja e potAnAM gadyalakhANone prasaMganA jossAonI nizAnI kahe che. narmada jussAbhera potAnA kuzaLa vaknatvathI, hAthanI judI judI ceSTAothI, bhinna bhinna Aroha-avarohathI zrotAone saMbodhatAM kahe che - "vahemI ane du:kha detA bhUta, pizAca, pitR vagerenA vicAro vize sAvadha rahetA jAo, nAtanA ghera ochA karo, kavionA alaMkArone kharA na mAno, dhIme dhIme naThArI cAla kADhI nAkhatA jAo ne tene badale tamArAM vidyA, jJAna, anubhava ane buddhi jenI sUcanA kare che te vAto svIkAratA raho. hiMmata, hiMmata, hiMmata dharo. jenI pAse sAdhana na hoya tene saghaLI vAtanI vAra lAge, paNa tamArI pAse rasALa jamIna che, amUlya khANo che, je joIe te tamArI pAse ja che. vidyA ane zrama e paNa tamArA ja hAthamAM che. tyAre kaho bhAI, zA mATe na maMDI paDIe ? dekhItI AMkhe, kumaLI cAmaDIe ane nAjuka dile. duHkhanA baLApA kema sahana karIe ? Avo, ApaNe raNamAM udyamabuddhithI taravAra uchALIe." tenI uodhanAtmaka zailImAM eka prakAranuM baLa che. emAM

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bhAvana-vibhAvana TUMkAM TUMkAM vAkyothI e baLano uchALa anubhavAya che. kyAreka to "vahAlA dezIo ne 'IrSA, pAtaka ne maheNAMrUpI cAbUkanA mArathI uzkerAIne kAmakAje maMDI paDo. ne dezanuM nAma hatuM tevuM kahevaDAvo' evA AzayathI paNa dhAradAra gadya prayoje che. vartamAna samayamAM jovA maLatA kusaMpa vize hoya ke phArbase lakhelA 'rAsamALA'nA pustakanI prazaMsA karavI hoya tyAre paNa AvI uddhodhananI zailI yoje che. kyAMka 'tame' 'jyAM' jevA zabdo para vAkyAraMbhe vAraMvAra bhAra mUkIne narmada potAnI baLakaTa vANImAM dezabaMdhuone jAgrata thavA ulbodhe che - "o hiMduo ! tame koI divasa maMDaLImAM maLI, ekamata thavAno vicAra nathI kIdho. tame sudhArA-vadhArAnA kAmamAM AgaLa nathI paDyA, tame dezane, roja gAre kArakhAnAMoe prakhyAta karavAne svapnAmAM paNa dhAryuM nathI. tame eTake kema aTakI rahyA cho ? gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta lohIthI maLatA UMcA sukhanI zubhecchA nathI, paNa ThaMDA lohInAM sukhathI saMtoSa che - tyAM aikyanI, dezadAjhanI - samaja kyAMthI jovAmAM Ave ?" AvI rIte pahelA zabda para bhAra mUkIne narmadA pravartamAna sthiti pratye dhyAna kheMce che, to ghaNI vAra satata prazno pUchIne potAnA bhAvane vedhakatAthI pragaTa karato hoya che. 'bALavivAha' ane 'kavitA' e be bhinna viSaya para potAnA vicAro vyakta karatAM kahe che - bALaka chokarAono vivAha karI teone baMdhanamAM rAkho cho - 15 varSano thaze ke gRhasthAzrama laI doDaze. have e chokarA zuM vidyAbhyAsa kare ne paisA kamAya ? zuM strIne sukhI karI pote pAme ? vicArahasya te zuM jANe ? zuM zodha kare ne zuM nAma kare ? 20 varSanI aMdara te ochAmAM ochA be chokarAMthI vIMTaLAyelI ja hoya !" jyAM prajAmAM jAtibheda, kuLaabhimAna, ne dharmamatAbhimAna e thakI taDAM baMdhAelA - jyAM eka varga dharmane bahAne bIjAne potAnA tAbAmAM rAkhe che ne e bIjo ajANa rahI bhoLA bhAvamAM tAbe thaI rahe che ne kuLano ja udyama kare che - jyAM vargomAM paraspara khAvApIvAno ne kanyA ApavA levAno aTakAva che - jyAM dharmasaMbaMdhI matabheda ghaNo hoIne te janamAM paraspara virodha karAve che - jyAM sau vartamAnanA ja lAbhane joya che, paNa bhaviSyanA jotA nathI - jyAM sau svArthabuddhinA ja dAsa thaI rahe che, paNa paramArthabuddhine anusarIne vartatA nathI - jyAM jIvatA sukha bhogavavA upara thoDI ne mue sukha bhogavavAnA bodha ApavA levAnI bahu kALajI che - jyAM garama "kavitA na hoya to sadguNa, prIti, svadezAbhimAna, maitrI enI zI dazA thAta ? A suMdara ramaNIya jagatano dekhAva kevo thAta ? A duniyAnAM du:khamAM ane motanA bhayanI vakhatamAM ApaNane dilAso kyAMthI maLata ? ane muA pachI ApaNe zI umeda rAkhata ? kavitAthI saghaLI vastu prItimaya thaI rahe che." narmadanA gadya para eNDisana ane sTIlanAM lakhANono prabhAva hato, tema kvacit saMskRtanI ziSTa chaTA paNa pragaTatI dekhAya che. paraMtu vizeSataH taLapadI bhASAbhaMgIothI teNe ApaNA gadyanI prAthamika bAMdhaNI taiyAra karI che. taLapadI bhASAno eno upayoga svAmI AnaMdanuM smaraNa karAve che. paNa svAmI AnaMdanA gadyamAM aneka

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA bolIonA mizraNamAMthI taLapado ghATa baMdhAya che, tyAre narmadanI bhASAmAM suratI bolIno ja prayoga jovA maLe che. narmada enA purogAmI kavionAM kAvyono abhyAsI hato ane samakAlIna prajAjIvananA paNa gADha saMparkamAM hato. AthI tenI zailI lakhAvaTamAM ane sIdhI coTadAra vAkyaracanAomAM enuM zuddha gujarAtI adhyAsa dhAraNa kare che. AkhAbolo narmada koInIya zeha rAkhyA vinA taDa ane phaDa kahI devAmAM mAnanAro che. game tevuM jokhama kheDanAra sAhasika che ane satyane khAtara game teTaluM sahana karavA taiyAra che. patrakAratvanI A UMcI nItimattA narmade sau pahelAM gujarAtI patrakAratvamAM sthApI ema kahI zakAya. 'DAMDiyo' evuM halakuM nAma rAkhIne paNa UMcuM kAma karavAnI enI nema hatI. e nemane lakSamAM na rAkhIe to ghaNAMne uchAMchaLApaNuM, uddhatAI ane aparucimAM rAce tevI vRtti enA lakhANamAM jovA maLe. paNa suratI mijAja dharAvatA narmadane enI pAse je zabdabhaMDoLa ke bhASAno khajAno hato eno ja upayoga karavAno hato. e jotAM 'DAMDiyo'nAM lakhANo ApaNo gaghanuM baliSTha kAThuM bAMdhavAmAM pAyAnI maToDInI garaja sAre che. eNe saTTAkhorIthI kevI durdazA thAya che te darzAvatA 'TekacaMda zAhane ghera hoMkANa' evA eka lekhamAM TekacaMda zAhanI eka ukti mUkI che te joIe - sAlA ApaNA kadama ja bakhatAvara che ? jAhAM jAya Uko tAhAM samudara sUko ? ApaNe jAhAM jaIe chIe tAMhAM sAtaDasAta ! paNa emAM mAro nahi paNa karamano vAMka, khaMkherAyA to jabarA, paNa have bahArathI DoLa rAkhavuM. lAlAjInA baLadanI peThe peTamAM khADA paNa phUMphAM karatAM cAlavuM. mInA paDe paNa TaMgaDI khaDI ema rAkhavuM, bhItaranI gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta vAta rAmajI buje bIjo kAMI ilAja che ? coranI mA koThImAM moho ghAlIne raDe ! mane mArI jAtane vAte thoDI phikara che paNa mAro DaphoLacaMda chokarI sADI traNa che. paththarano bhamaraDo, kALA akSarane phUTI mAre, tenI AgaLa zI vale thaze.*** Ama enAM lakhANomAM gharagaththu zabdo bahoLA pramANamAM maLe che. enI pAse gujarAtI bhASAnA rUDha prayogonuM bahoLuM zabdabhaMDoLa hatuM. gadyamAM navaprasthAna karavAnuM hatuM, sAme gujarAtI gadyanA namUnAo paNa nahotA, eTale e potAnA samayamAM prayojAtI bhASAne kAme lagADe te svAbhAvika che. eNe kahevato ane rUDhiprayogono mokaLe hAthe upayoga karyo che. kyAreka hAsya utpanna karavA e kahevatano sacoTa upayoga kare che. kyAreka tenAthI vaktavya vadhu vedhaka bane che. kyAMka kahevatano Dhaga khaDakIne potAnA vaktavyano muddo samajAve che. narmada jeTalI taLapadI uktio bhAgye ja bIjA koI lekhake prayojI haze. svAminArAyaNanAM vacanAmRtomAM taLapaduM tattva che. paNa te vAtacIta DhabanuM che. narmade A taLapadA tattvanAM baLa, ojasa ne prasAdano sAhityika ghATa ghaDyo te enI vizeSatA. ane Avo taLapadI bhASAno prayoga lakhANamAM, vAtacIta ane rojiMdA vyavahAranI bhASAnI chApa UbhI kare che. AthI kadAca ema lAge ke AmAM sAhityika tattva kayuM ? rojiMdI bhASAmAM vaparAtA zabdo kevI rIte goThavAya che ane temAMthI kevo AkAra Ubho thAya che, enA uparathI ja e gadya che, emAM sAhityika tattva che eno khyAla Ave. narmade enA vaktavyamAM eka prakArano laya siddha karyo che. je tene sAhityika ghATa ApavAmAM madadarUpa thAya che. potAnA kathananI coTa sAdhe te rIte vAkyone te layabaddha vaLoTa Apato AgaLa cAle che. A laya te narmadanA gadyano prANa che.

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bhAvana-vibhAvana narmadanA gadyanuM eka bIjuM mahattvanuM lakSaNa te enI pravAhitA che. vaktavyanA dhasamasatA pUramAM e bhAvakane kheMcI jAya che. e samAjahitaciMtaka hovAne kAraNe enA vaktavyamAM vicAra hoya che. paNa e vicAramAM jusso ke lAgaNIno ukaLATa evI rIte bharelo hoya che ke sAMbhaLanArane vaktAnA hRdayadravyanI utkaTatA spardhA vinA rahe nahIM. saTTAnA vaMToLa aMge 'DAMDiyo'mAM kahe che - 149 "AjakAla dhanavaMto potAnA lobha, mada, mathana ane sarasAInA joramAM potAnA dhanamAna vadhAravA sAru prathama garIbane nAkhI devA ne pachI potAne jhaMpalAvavAne ane chevaTe dezane pADavAne kharArIno khADo khode che. dhana kADhavAne khADo khode che ema dekhAya topaNa Akhare te khADAmAMthI UnI jvALA nIkaLavAnI ke jeNe karIne khADAmAM paDelA pahelA ne na paDelA pachI, vahelA moDA sarve dezIjana baLI maravAnA, A 2 2 2 2 ! AjakAla badhA bahAvarA bahAvarA banI rahyA che. o bhAva vadhyo, o ghaTyo ema rAtadahADo karyA kare che - cAra mitro ekaThA maLyA to tyAM paNa te ja vAta. gharamAM rAte kuTuMba sAthe jamavA beThA, to tyAM paNa pote potAnA vicAramAM ja. hAM hAM ! AjakAla paNiyata strIpuruSanI kuLadevI jaMpa pArakA strIpuruSanI kuLadevI thaI che. sarasvatIe kuMbhakarNanI nidrA lIdhI che. akhaMDa prItajota bevacanIpaNuM tathA vizvAsaghAta enA jherI vAyuthI gherAI gaI che. mAyAvI rAkSasI lakSmInuM rAjya joI bacArI bhakti nIti khUNekhotare bharAI rahyAM che - Izvara to budvAvatAra ja laIne beTho che. ThIka ThIka !...OM gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta narmadanA gadyamAM vicAra karatAM lAgaNInI saLaMgasUtratAthI pragaTa thatI pravAhitA jovA maLe che. A dRSTie joIe to vyAkhyAnazailInA nibaMdho pUrva narmadanA vyaktitvanI viziSTa mudrA dhAraNa kare che. emAM udbodhananuM tattva paNa dhyAna kheMce che. potAnA zrotAone uddezIne, dezabaMdhuone uddezIne, pratipakSIone uddezIne e vividha bhAvakakSA (Pitch), Tona ane lahekA sAthe saMbodhana karato dekhAya che. prema, darda, paDakAra, kaTAkSa ke prahAra e saMbodhanonA lahekAdAra uccAra parathI ja samajAI jAya che. hiMduone uddezIne karelI vAta, sudhArAnA kaDakheda tarIke eNe karelAM saMbodhano ane 'DAMDiyo' tarIkenAM enAM 'sAvadha thajo'nAM uccAraNo A vAtanI sAkSI pUre che. 49 vaLI te rUpakazailI prayoje che. 'brahmatRSA' nibaMdhamAM tarasyA sAbaranA rUpaka dvArA brahmapAnanI icchA kevI sarasa rIte vyakta karI che ! vaktavyane rUpakamAM maDhIne mUkavAnI enI Teva che, jenA prabhAva nIce anugAmI gadyakAro paNa AvelA jovA maLaze. dA.ta., potAnA jamAnAnI bolAtI bhASA vize rUpakazailImAM kahe che - che - "sUratanI bhASA kahe kaMIka hiMgaNI, nAjuka ne kumaLI che. amadAvAdanI kaMIka UMcI ne kaThaNa che. kAThiyAvADanI jADI che ne zabde zabde bhAra sAthe chUTI bolAya che." 'dharmanI agatya' e nibaMdhamAM rUpakathI vAta karatAM narmada kahe "vidyArANI -- e lokanA mana upara rAjya karavAne ane sudhAro dAkhala karavAne jAte zaktimAna che to - paNa tene be pradhAnanI

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para bhAvana-vibhAvana jarUra che. jamaNI khurasIno besanAra pradhAna dharma ane DAbI khurasIe besanAra pradhAna rAjyasattA che. e be pradhAna ane trIjI rANI ekamata thaI kAma kare, to dezasudhAro vahelo ane pAko ane bahoLo thAya, emAM kaMI zaka nahi." kyAreka te rUpakane khUba cagAve che. 'DAMDiyo mAM zeranA kAgaLanA kanakavA banAvavAnuM kahIne narmada lakhe che - "chokarAo hai, tamAre majA che - zeranAM kAgaLiyAMnA kanakavA banAvI cagAvavAnuM ThIka thaze. e kanakavA cagaze tyAre temAM phInAnaso ane beMko dekhAze ane pachI ekadama gautha khavADI tamArA moTerAone batAvajo ke tamArI phInAnaso ane beMko Ama ja havAmAM caDI caLakI haze ane Ama ja pAchI nIce paDI sUI gaIo haze ane pachI 'AnuM karanAra to Ama gayuM ne aMDaLagaMDaLa hAthamAM rahyuM' ema bolI haiyAzoke hAthamAMnI dorI paNa mUkI devI paDI haze. chokarAo, have tamAro vAro che. paNa jarA sIdhA raho. dorI, mAMjo, lAhI, kAmaDI taiyAra karavA mAMDo, eTale kanakavAnA kAgaLo (zeranAM khokhAM) paNa raste kUdatAM kUdatAM tamArI pAse Avaze !" narmade Thera Thera AvI rUpakIlI prayojI che. kyAMka A rUpaka sthULa athavA to sAtatya vinAnuM banI jAya che, tema chatAM gujarAtI gadyamAM A viziSTa nirUpaNarIti noMdhapAtra bane che. ghaNI vAra prAMtika bhASAo vize banyuM che tema rUpako durAkRSTa lAge che. narmade upamA ane dRSTAMtono paNa khUba upayoga karyo che. sajIvAropaNa vize teNe eka svataMtra lekha lakhyo che. sajIvAropaNane alaMkAra gaNato narmada saMpa vize sajIvAropaNathI vAta kare che. gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta 5 AvI ja rIte narmadanI zailI citrAtmaka varNano ApavAmAM khIlI UThe che. sAmAjika kurivAjonuM varNana - pachI te kusaMpa ke vidhavAnI durdazAnuM hoya, baMkabAInA vilApanuM hoya ke rovA-kUTavAnA kurivAjanuM hoya - citrAtmaka rIte tIkhA zabdo ane TADhA kaTAkSathI Ape che. narmadanA gadyamAM dalapatarAmanA gadya jeTaluM hAsya nathI, paraMtu 'DAMDiyo 'mAM eNe kyAMka zabdanA punarAvartanathI ke kyAMka gadyamAM prAsa mUkIne hAsya niSpanna karyuM che. jema ke - "je sudhArAvALA khArA thaIne bhASaNonA bhArA bAMdhI mahArAjone DArA detA hatA te rAMDelI dArAonAM lagna karavAnA dhArA kahoDavAmAM sArA AgevAna tArA jevA gaNAtA hatA, te have parabArA naThArA thaI jaI mahoDethI kahevAtA sudhArAne choDI rAMDIrAMDonI peThe kALAM hoDAM karI kyAM phare che." +,7 * rasaLatI zailImAM amUrta bhAvane mUrta karavAnI enA gadyamAM zakti che. kAmane saMbodhIne eNe lakhelo nibaMdha kAmanA vazIkaraNane hUbahU darzAve che. narmada sIdho ja viSayanI vacce Ubho rahI, hAtha UMco karIne jussAbhera vaktavyano AraMbha kare che. anekavidha viSayo para lakhIne eNe vibhinna zailIprayogathI ziSTa gadyalekhananI navI navI dizAo ughADI ApI. navaprasthAnanI ane navInatAnI dizAmAM gati karavAmAM je muzkelIo Ave teno satata sAmano karyo. potAnA samayamAM upalabdha sAdhanothI gujarAtI bhASAnI joDaNI sthApavA prayAsa karyo. narmadanI dRSTimaryAdA mAtra sAMpratamAM ja sImita nahotI. enA ghaNA nibaMdho enI vyApaka ane dUragAmI draSTino saMketa kare che. mAtra khaLabhaLATa ke prahAramAM rAcanAro nahIM, balke prajAmAnasanA samULagA parivartananI enI nema hatI. sukhasaMpattinA varasAda mATe saMpanI jarUra che ema kahIne e prazna kare che -

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA tame varaghoDo ane nAtavarA karavAmAM hajAro rUpiyA kharcI nAkho cho tenA karatAM garIbagarabAMone kAme lagADavAmAM kema nathI nAMkhatA ? jemAM tamane ane teone bannene lAbha thAya. garIba ane tavaMgara vacce prIti vadhavA do ane pachI dhanabaLa, udyamabaLa ane buddhibaLano ekaTho saMpa thayo ane te suvicArane maLyo eTale pachI tamane tamArA manoratha pAra paDelA jovAmAM lAMbA dahADA nahi lAge." 'strIkeLavaNI' vizenA nibaMdhamAM narmada kahe che - keLavaNI pAmeluM strIratna kadI potAnuM teja khotuM nathI. jema jema te vaparAya che tema tema te vadhAre prakAza Ape che. AvI ja rIte graMthakAre TekIlA thavuM joIe e vizenI narmadanI vAta AjanA saMdarbhamAM keTalI yathArtha che ! e kahe che - dalagirInI vAta che ke Aja kAla lokamAM graMtho vAMcavAnI saktI tathA rUcI na hovAthI graMthanI chapAIno paNa kharaca nikaLato nathI. tAre zuM karavuM ? jaDa zeThiyAonI khuzAmata karI graMtha vecavA ? nA, nA. khuzAmata karI graMtha vecavAnA karatAM graMtha lakhI rAkhI na chapAvavA e vadhAre DahApaNabhareluM che. keTalAeka svArathI graMthakAro bAnA batAve che ke rUcI karAvavAne khuzAmata karavI joIe. hame kahie che ke khuzAmata karI rUcI karAvavAnA karatA TekamAM rahI ghaTate sAdhane rUcI karAvavAmAM graMthakArane mAna che." narmadanuM gadya kyAMka aNasarakhuM vahe che. kyAMka zikhAmaNanA bojavALuM, to kyAMka sughaDatAno abhAva dharAvatuM lAge che. tenI sImita kalpanAzaktine kAraNe enA gadyamAM lAlityanI kharekharI khoTa varatAya che. Ama chatAM agAunA gadya karatAM enA gadyamAM gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta ghaNI vyavasthitatA che. utsAhI ane bhAvavAhI evuM enuM A gadya svayaMbhU pragaTeluM che. ADaMbarI saMskRta vANIne sthAne eNe rUDha, ramatiyALa ane marmALI bhASA prayojI tenA vikAsanI apAra zakyatAo darzAvI che. samartha gadyakAra tarIke, patrakAra tarIke ane prayogazIla agrayAyI (Pioneer) tarIke, sAhityamAM te ciraMjIva sthAna pAmelo che. enI vyAkhyAnazailInA nibaMdhonuM sAtatya enA samakAlIno uparAMta pachInI peDhInA maNilAla nabhubhAI ane baLavaMtarAya ThAkora sudhI vistareluM che. 'inDiyana opiniyana'mAMnAM gAMdhIjInAM lakhANomAM paNa narmadanA gadya-saMskAra dekhAya che. emAM narmada jevI rukSatA, taLapadI bhASA ane urbodhanazailI maLe che. - narmadanA vicAraparivartananI sAthosAtha enI zailI navo vaLAMka dhAraNa kare che. ene potAnA sahakAryakartAomAM daMbha, kAyaratA ane chetarapiMDI dekhAya che ane sAthosAtha 'rAjaraMga' lakhyA pachI enI jIvana vizenI dRSTi vizALa, UMDI ane tattvane sparzanArI thAya che. pazcimanuM AMdhaLuM anukaraNa karavAthI thatA geraphAyadA ene dekhAya che. pote atyAra sudhI jene sudhAro kaheto hato, te kharo sudhAro nathI, paNa saMskRtinA punaruddhAramAM sAco sudhAro rahelo che evuM ene pratIta thAya che. e aDaga satyavIra hato, tethI potAnA navA vicAronI niMdA thaze tenI paravA karyA vagara ene AcAramAM mUkavA tatpara thayo. eNe potAnI navI nIti jAhera karI. 'svadharmanuM saMrakSaNa ne nyAyabuddhinuM brAhmaNabuddhinuM mahAbhya ane kSAtrabuddhinuM audArya e amAruM mata che.' ema kahIne te 'OM

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ra bhAvana-vibhAvana sAmba sadAziva' bolato nivRttidharma svIkAre che ane saMrakSaka pakSanI sthApanA kare che. A mATenAM enA 'dharmavicAranAM lakhANomAM narmadanA gadyanI bIjI viziSTatA dekhAya che. zAMta, svastha ane pakva buddhino Tharela narmada jovA maLe che. A lakhANomAM narmadamAM zakya hoya teTalA pramANamAM pakvatA, prauDhi ane zAstrajJAnanA saMskAra jovA maLe che. AraMbhanI zailInI svAbhAvika tAjagIne badale A nibaMdhonI zailI kyAMka kRtrima ke ADaMbarI banI rahe che, paraMtu enA gadyamAM sugrathitatA, sughaDatA ane sUtrAtmakatAnI chApa UpasI Ave che. potAnA prathama nibaMdha maMDaLI maLavAthI thatA lAbha' (I. sa. 1850)mAM 'sabhAsad gRhasthone' uddezIne bolanAro narmada 'Aryoddhodhana' (I.sa. 1882) nibaMdhamAM 'AryabaMdhuone nahIM, balke 'bho Arya !'ne uddezIne kahe che - "jANa, aneka niyamapAlaNamAM je A manuSya - saMsAranAM tenA karatAM paralokanAM te ja uttama che. je buddhi A saMsAranA ja arthakAmamAM magna te adhama, pachI game tevI te dekhItI baLavALI rAkSasI hoya; je buddhi A saMsthAne joI udAsI rahI Izvara bhaNI lakSa rAkhe ne saMsArI arthakAmamAM zubha niyame mAtra kartavya kare te mAdhyama, pachI game tevI nabaLI sthitimAM manuSyane dAkhave topaNa; ane je buddhi saMsArathI alaga karI IzvaraprAptinA nitya udyogamAM rAkhe te uttama che. A saMsAra Adhi-upAdhie duHkha denAro, bhogane mATe lalacAvI pachI roga ANanAro evo che. vidyA paNa te ja uttama ke je IzvaraprApti karAve..." "jANa, siddhAMta ke carca mati tadyA mate tathA nIcA, gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta 93 je je prakAre thavAnuM che te te prakAre thaze, bIje prakAre nahi. mATe dhIro paDa ne dhIraja na rahe ane bhoganI ja icchA che to satkarmanuM anuSThAna kara; bhAgya haze to A janma, phaLa pAmIza, ne nahi to bIje janme, paNa zubha karmanuM phaLa zubha te pAmIza ja - karma pramANe phaLa ne karma pramANe buddhi (janma janmanA saMbaMdhamAM) ema che, topaNa rUDI buddhie vicArI kriyamANa kara." yuvAna nAyakanA jussAne badale prauDha vicArakanI zAMti anubhavAya che. ciMtanAtmakatA ane paryeSakatA e A gaghanAM mukhya lakSaNo che, jeno vikAsa narmada pachI jhAjhuM jIvyo nahIM, tethI vizeSa jovA maLato nathI, paNa e ja zailI navo unmeSa dhAraNa karIne paMDitayugamAM sArI peThe khIle che. sauthI vizeSa to vIra narmadanuM tejasvI vyaktitva, enI viziSTatAo sAthe tenA gadyamAM UtaryuM che. *Style is the index of personality' e nyAye samartha gadyasvAmIone oLakhavAmAM Ave che. narmada enI gadyazailI parathI tarata oLakhAI jAya che. govardhanarAma, nhAnAlAla, ba. ka. ThAkora ane gAMdhIjInAM lakhANo para te darekanI viziSTa vyaktitvanI mudrA dRDha aMkita thayelI jovA maLe che. A samartha mahAnubhAvono prazasta purogAmI narmada hato e ja enuM ananya gadyasvAmitva siddha karavA pUratuM nathI zuM ?

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bhAvana-vibhAvana saMdarbhasUci 1. 'narmadanuM maMdira', gadyavibhAga : saM. vizvanAtha bhaTTa, pR. 3 2. 'vIra narmada', le. vizvanAtha bhaTTa, pR. 100 3. 'mArI hakIkata', le. kavi narmadAzaMkara, 1996, prathama AvRttinuM punarmudraNa, pR. 32 4. 'narmadanuM maMdira', gadya vibhAga : saM. vizvanAtha bhaTTa, pR. 3 5. 'DAMDiyo', 15 jUna-189pano aMka, lakhanAra 'mitra' 6. 'narmadanuM maMdira', gadyavibhAga - 'Aja kAla', saM. vizvanAtha bhaTTa, pR. 365-363 7. 'DAMDiyo', I. sa. 1867, 15mI mArca, aMka 1, pR. 7 8. DAMDiyo', 1869, 1lI me traNa jJAnavimalasUrinuM pradAna madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM vipula, vaividhyamaya ane kavitvapUrNa sarjana mATe vikramanA 18mAM saikAmAM thayelA, tapagacchanI vimala zAkhAnA jaina sAdhu jJAnavimalasUrinuM pradAna noMdhapAtra gaNAya. emaNe gujarAtI bhASAmAM eTalI badhI kRtionI racanA karI hatI ke ethI ema kahevAtuM ke saMskRtamAM jema hemacaMdrAcArya tema prAkRtamAM eTale ke dezI bhASAomAM jJAnavimalasUri che. vaividhyanI dRSTie joIe to emanI kRtio kathAtmaka, tattvavicArAtmaka, bodhAtmaka ane stutyAtmaka - ema badhA prakAranI che. A kRtiomAM emanA pAMDitya uparAMta chaMda, alaMkAra Adi kavikauzalanI prauDhino paNa paricaya thAya che. emaNe saMskRta, prAkRta ane gujarAtI - ema traNe bhASAomAM graMtho racyA. gadya ane padya baMne svarUpamAM mahattvapUrNa

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA racanAo ApI. jJAnavimalasUrinuM sAhitya bahudhA sAMpradAyika paripATInuM che, paraMtu e maryAdA jALavIne paNa , emaNe alaMkAraracanA, padyabaMdha, dRSTAMtabodha vagerenI je zakti batAvI che te prazaya che. jJAnavimalasUrinI kRtiomAMthI ane emanA samakAlInonI noMdhamAMthI emanA jIvana vize sArI evI mAhitI sAMpaDe che. emano janma vikrama saMvata 1994mAM mAravADanA bhinnamAla nagaramAM thayo hato. teo vIzA ozavAla jJAtinA hatA. temanA pitAnuM nAma vAsava zeTha ane mAtAnuM nAma kanakAvatI hatuM. bALapaNamAM emanuM nAma nAthumala hatuM. mAtra ATha varSanI vaye vikrama saMvata 1702mAM emaNe tapagacchanI vimala zAkhAmAM paMDita vinayavimalagaNinA ziSya paMDita dhIravimalagaNi pAse dIkSA lIdhI. dIkSA samaye emanuM nAma 'nayavimala" rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. A pachI emaNe kAvya, tarka, nyAya, zAstrAdimAM nipuNatA meLavI. teoe zrI amRtavimalagaNi tathA zrI meruvimalagaNi pAse vidyAbhyAsa karyo. vikrama saMvata 1727 mahA suda dazamane divase mAravADanA sAdaDI pAsenA ghANerAva gAmamAM utsavapUrvaka AcArya vijayaprabhasUrie emane paMnyAsapada ApyuM. tyAra bAda vikrama saMvata 1748 phAgaNa suda pAMcamane guruvAranA divase zrI navimalagaNine AcAryapadanI prApti thaI ane temanA vizALa jJAnane lIdhe temanuM nAma jJAnavilamasUri rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. zrI jJAnavimalasUrie surata, khaMbhAta, rAjanagara (amadAvAda), pATaNa, rAdhanapura, sAdaDI, ghANerAva, zirohI, pAlItANA, jUnAgaDha vagere sthaLoe vihAra karyo. emanI vihArabhUmi mukhyatve gujarAta, rAjasthAna ane saurASTrano pradeza hatI. zatruMjaya tIrthanI emaNe aneka vakhata yAtrA karI hatI. jJAnavimalasUrinI racanAomAM paNa zatruMjayatIrtha pratyenI emanI dRDha AsthA sthaLe sthaLe pragaTa thAya che. emaNe saMskRta jJAnavimalasUrinuM pradAna bhASAmAM 'gharanavyakiravRtti:', 'zrapAnatharitra' ane 'rivAra vAtrInanarasutivRtti' jevA graMthonI racanA karI che. jJAnavimalasUrinI saMskRta bhASAnI nipuNatAno khyAla emanA jIvanaprasaMgamAMthI prApta thAya che. eka vAra tapAgacchanA AcArya zrI vijayaprabhasUri zatruMjaya tIrthamAM padhAryA hatA, tyAre teo tIrthanAyaka AdIzvara bhagavAna samakSa caityavaMdana karavA gayA, paraMtu e samaye zrI nayavimalagaNi tyAM AvyA ane tAtkAlika navAM kAvya racIne stuti karavA lAgyA. emanI kavitvazakti joIne AnaMdita thayelA AcAryazrIe navimalagaNine "Avo jJAnavimalasUri " kahIne sUripadanI yogyatA darzAvI AdarapUrvaka bolAvyA. zrI navimalagaNie namratAthI 'mapraranI' ema kahyuM. A pachI AcAryazrIe nayavimalagaNine caityavaMdana karavAnuM kahyuM. sAmAnya rIte je sauthI vadhu pUjya hoya te caityavaMdana kare tevI praNAlikA hovAthI anya sAdhujano kheda pAmyA, paraMtu emane samajAvatAM AcAryazrIe kahyuM, "bhale mArA padane kAraNe huM pUjya gaNAuM, paraMtu mArAmAM navimalagaNi jevuM jJAna ane kavitvazakti satAMze paNa nathI. teo jJAnavRddha che tethI emane Adara ApuM chuM." zrI navimalagaNie tatkAla navAM kAvyo racIne 45 kAvyo vaDe caityavaMdana karyuM. jJAnavimalasUrinuM vipula sAhityasarjana jotAM emano samakAlIno pratyeno Adara paNa pragaTa thAya che. emaNe AnaMdaghana ane yazovijayanI kRtio para TabA racyA che. AnaMdaghana covIsIno rabo lakhavA mATe emaNe suratanA sUryamaMDana pArzvanAthanA derAsaramAM cha mahinA sudhI dhyAna dharyuM hatuM ane e pachI AnaMdaghanajInAM covIsa stavano para stabaka racyo. e ja rIte 'navapadanI pUjAmAM jJAnavimalanI pUjA sAthe yazovijaya ane devacaMdranI pUjA paNa saMkalita rUpe maLe che.

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA vikrama saMvata 178ranA Aso vada cothane guruvAre prAtaHkALe anazanapUrvaka teo nevyAsI varSanI vaye kALadharma pAmyA. jJAnavimalanI gujarAtI racanAomAM sauthI vizeSa noMdhapAtra emanI 'caMdrakevalIno rAsa', 'azokacaMdra rohiNI rAsa', 'jaMbusvAmi rAsa', 'raNasiMha rAjarSi rAsa', 'bAravrata-grahaNaTIpa-rAsa' ane sAdhuvaMdanA rAsa' jevI kathAtmaka kRtio maLe che. jJAnavimalasUrinI kAvyanipuNatAno manoratha paricaya "zrI caMdrakevalIno rAsa'mAM thAya che. A rAsamAM pUrvabhavanA AyaMbila tapane kAraNe kevalIpada pAmanAra caMdrakumAranuM prabhAvaka caritra AlekhAyuM che. cAra khaMDa, 111 DhALa ane 7649 kaDIomAM vistarelAM A rAsanI racanA jJAnavimale vikrama saMvata 1770nA mahA suda terasanA divase rAdhanapuramAM pUrI karI. A rAsanA lekhananI zarUAta paNa rAdhanapura zaheramAM karI hatI. mukhyatve duhA-dezIbaddha A rAsane 'AnaMdamaMdira rAsa" evuM bIjuM nAma paNa jJAnavimale ApyuM che. jJAnavimala A AnaMdamaMdiranI kalpanA paNa upamAthI darzAve che, jemAM suvihita sAdhu manana karatAM nivAsa karatA hoya. AnaMdamaMdirano nivAsa sadguNonA nivAsarUpa che. enA anupama staMbho jevA 108 vividha rAganI rasALa DhALo che. jinezvaranuM stutikIrtana karatA gavAkSo che. jJAna, darzana ane cAritryarUpI oraDAo che. zatruMjaya ane navakAra tenA cogAna che. ane vividha kavituM sahita gAthA vagere ghaNA sUktothI zobhatuM enuM AMgaNuM che. temAM sudeva, suguru ane sudharma jevA saMsAranA du:khanuM nivAraNa karanAra ochADa che. AvI rIte jJAnavimala AnaMdamaMdira sAthe potAnI kRtine sarakhAve che. jJAnavimalamAM AvI sarakhAmaNI ghaNe sthaLe jovA maLe che. jemake vivekarUpI vizALa nagara, agnirUpI eno pAyo, navatattvarUpI eno darabAra, samyak bodharUpI mahelo, jJAnavimalasUrinuM pradAna samavAyarUpI senAnI kalpanA paNa e Ape che. jinamaMdiranI UMce pharakatI dhajAo jANe svargalokanI hAMsI karatI na hoya e rIte judA judA alaMkArothI potAnI vAta kare che. A rAsanA pahelA khaMDamAM kathApravAha vegathI cAle che, paNa bAkInA traNa khaMDamAM samasyA, subhASito, daSTAMto, ADakathAo ane dharmasiddhAMtonI sAthe kathAtaMtu cAle che. jJAnavimalanI vizeSatA e che ke enA cittamAM eTalAM badhAM dRSTAMto, subhASito, alaMkAro, ADakathAo ane dharmasiddhAMto UbharAyAM kare che ke ene Ane mATe koI abhyAsa karavo paDato nathI. e badhuM ja ApoApa kathAnakanI sAthe gUMthAtuM Ave che. taka maLe tyAM e dharmano mahimA ke karmanI mahattA gAvAnuM cUkatA nathI. kyAMka saMskRta subhASitanI sAthe teno gujarAtImAM anuvAda kare che. karNapizAcinI, sAmudrikazAstra, lakSaNazAstra, vazIkaraNa, aSTAMganimitta ke jyotiSanI vAta kare che, to AmAM lakSaNo, svapnano artha, strIonA prakAro, puruSanI boMtera kaLA, strIonI cosaTha kaLA ke vanamAM thatAM vRkSonI yAdI Ape che. A rAsamAM sUryanI rANInI vedanAnuM ke sAsunI vahune du:khI karavAnI manovRttinuM Alekhana AkarSaka che. kathArasanI sAthosAtha jJAnopadeza e A kRtinuM mahattvanuM pAsuM che. tAMbUla ane aMtaraMga tAMbUla, snAna ane aMtaraMga snAna, bhAvakhIcaDI vagerenAM lakSaNonuM varNana rasaprada bane che. jJAnavimalasUri AmAM jaina mAnyatA pramANe bhaugolika racanAnuM Alekhana karavA sAthe jaina dharmanA siddhAMto ane niyamonuM vivaraNa paNa Ape che. saMskRta zloko ane prAkRta gAthAonAM uddharaNo Ape che to subhASita-samasyA-hariyAlInI manomana gUMthaNI race che. A kRtinI eka vizeSatA e eno kAvyabaMdha che. vividha prakAranI dhruvAo

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bhAvana-vibhAvana prayojatI sugeya dezIo, kavita, jakaDI, caMdrAvaLA Adi kAvyabaMdho maLe che ane jhaDajhamakavALI cAraNI zailI jJAnavimalanI kAvyanipuNatAno manorama khyAla Ape che. mAtra vistArane kAraNe ja nahIM paNa pracura kathArasa, tattvavicAraniSTha dharmabodha tathA vyutpanna kavitvane kAraNe A kRti jJAnavimalasUrinI sauthI dhyAnArha kRti bane che. 'caMdra kevalIno rAsa 'mAM AyaMbila tapano mahimA che to 'azokacaMdra rohiNI rAsa'mAM rohiNI nakSatranA divase 28 varSa sudhI karavAmAM AvatA rohiNItapano mahimA gAyo che. jJAnavimalasUrie vikrama saMvata 1772nI mAgasara suda pAMcamane divase surata pAse saiyadaparAmAM A rAsa pUro karyo. Aje saiyadaparAnA naMdIzvara dvIpanA jinAlayanA cokamAM jJAnavimalanAM pagalAMnI derI maLe che. mukhyatve duhA-dezI-baddha evA 'azokacaMda rohiNI rAsa mAM prasaMgopAtta kavita, gIta, troTaka Adi padabaMdhono upayoga karyo che. rAjA azokacaMdranI rANI rohiNI zokabhAvathI eTalI badhI ajANa che ke putramRtyunA du:khe 2DatI strInA rudanamAM kayo rAga che ema pUche che, AvA praznathI ezokacaMdrane A strImAM bIjAnuM du:kha samajavAnI vRttino abhAva ane garva jaNAyA. tethI tene pATha bhaNAvavA te enA khoLAmAM beThelA putra lokapAlane aTArIethI nIce nAkhe che. paraMtu rohiNIne to A ghaTanAthI paNa kazo zoka thato nathI ane enA puNyaprabhAve putra kSemakuzaLa rahe che. rohiNInA A vItazoka-vItarAgapaNAnA kAraNarUpe enA pUrvabhavanI kathA kahevAI che. jethI e potAnA AgalA bhavanA duSkarmane kAraNe kurUpa ane dugaMdhI nArI banI hoya che ane rohiNItapanA AzrayathI e duSkarmanA prabhAvamAMthI chUTIne A rohiNIavatAra pAmI hoya che. rohiNInA be pUrvabhavo, azokacaMdra tema ja rohiNInA zAnavimalasUrinuM pradAna saMtAnonA pUrvabhavo tathA ekAda ADakathA vaDe A rAsa prastAra pAmyo hovA chatAM emAM kathAtattva pAMkhuM che, kemake eka ja ghaTanAsUtravALI sAdI kathA che. dharmabodhanA phuTa prayojanathI racAyelI A kRtimAM kavie karma, tapa ityAdinAM svarUpa ane prakAronI sAMpradAyika mAhitI gUMthI lIdhI che tema ja subhASito ane samasyAono paNa viniyoga karyo che. kAvyamAM kavinI kAvyazaktino paNa paricaya prasaMgopAtta ApaNane maLyA kare che. jemake maghavA muninA puNyapratApane pragaTa karatAM vAtAvaraNanuM citraNa kavie je vigatothI karyuM che te manorama lAge che. nagara vagerenAM anya keTalAMka varNano paNa noMdhapAtra che. AvAM varNanomAM rUpakAdi alaMkArono kavie lIdhelo Azraya emanI kSamatAne pragaTa kare che. rohiNInA rUpavarNanamAM "urvazI paNi mani navi vasI re" jevA vyatireka-yamakanA saMkarAlaMkAranI hAramALA yojI che ane paurANika hakIkatone rohiNInA prabhAvanA heturUpe kalpI che, te kavinI A prakAranI varNanakSamatAnuM eka viziSTa udAharaNa che. samagra rAsamAM ziSTa prauDha bhASAchaTAnuM AkarSaNa che to jugupsA ane tiraskAranA bhAvone anurUpa bhASA paNa kavi eTalI ja asarakArakatAthI prayojI batAve che. thoDIka suMdara dhruvAo ane kvacit karelI cAra prAsanI yojanA paNa kavinI kAvyazaktinI ghotaka che. 'jaMbusvAmI rAsa mAM jaMbUkumAranI ATha paTarANIono saMvAda AlekhAyo che. dareka paTarANI je bUkumArane pUche ane jaMbUkumAra judI judI dRSTAMtakathAo sAthe emane javAba Ape. pAMtrIsa DhALa ane chaso ATha kaDIonA duhA-dezIbaddha A rAsamAM AvatAM rUpaka, upamAvali ane laukika dRSTAMtothI kRti keTaleka aMze rasAvaha banI 'raNasiMha rAjarSi rAsa" e 38 DhALa dharAvato agiyAraso

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* bhAvana-vibhAvana kaDIno rAsa che, to 'susaDha rAsa'mAM kavie jayaNAnuM mahattva gAyuM che. 'bAravratagrahaNa TIpa rAsa'mAM vrataniyamonI yAdI ane samajUtI maLe che. jyAre 'sAdhuvaMdanA rAsa'mAM RSabhadevanA gaNadharothI mAMDIne prAcIna sAdhujanonI nAmAvali jaina zAstragraMthone AdhAre ApavAmAM AvI che. ane keTaleka sthaLe nAmollekhane badale TUMkuM caritrasaMkIrtana karavAmAM AvyuM che. jJAnavimalanI kathAtattvavALI bIjI paNa keTalIka kRtio maLe che. 'sUryAbha nATaka'mAM sUryabhadeve apsarAonI madadathI mahAvIra svAmI samakSa rajU karela bhaktibhAvapUrNa saMgIta-nRtyano prasaMga 73 kaDImAM varNavAyo che. jJAnavimalanA be 'tIrthamAlAyAtrAstavana' maLe che. ekamAM suratathI mAravADa sudhInI tIrthayAtrAnuM Alekhana che, to bIjAmAM vijayasenasUrinI preraNAthI vajiyo ane rAjiyo e be zreSThIoe karelA pratiSThA-mahotsavanuM varNana che. 'kalpasUtra vyAkhyAna bhAsa'mAM paryuSaNa parva prasaMge vyAkhyAnamAM vAMcavA mATenI dharmakathAo ApI che. jJAnavimale stuti, stavana, caityavaMdana, sajjhAya Adi prakAranI kRtio vipula saMkhyAmAM racelI che. emaNe siddhAcalanA 3600 jeTalAM stavana racyAnuM kahevAya che. kavie Abu, tAraMgA, rANakapura jevAM tIrthonAM stavanomAM tIrthaviSayaka aitihAsika-bhaugolika mAhitI graMthI che. emaNe be covIsI, be vIsI uparAMta aneka tIrthaMkarastavano lakhyAM che. covIsImAMnI eka jJAnabhaktiyukta che ane bhASA tathA alaMkAranI prauDhithI tema ja emAM prayukta suMdara geya dezIothI dhyAna kheMce che. jyAre bIjI covIsImAM tIrthaMkaronA pUrvabhavonI mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che. viSayonI sAthe viSayanirUpaNanuM vaividhya paNa teo dharAve che. A stavanomAM 'zAsvatI jinapratimA saMkhyAmaya stavana', 'satta 83 jJAnavimalasUrinuM pradAna riyajinastavana' ane 'adhyAtmagarbhita sAdhAraNa-jina-stavana mukhya che. dezIo tema ja toTaka Adi chaMdovALuM, pAMca DhALa ane 81 kaDInuM zAMtinAtha jinanuM stavana paNa noMdhapAtra gaNAya. emaNe hiMdImAM 29 kaDImAM 'caturviMzati jina-chaMda' jevI tIrthaMkara-stavananI kRti racI che. jJAnavimalanA vipula sAhityamAM 'bAlavodha'no paNa samAveza thAya che. emaNe aDhAra jeTalA gadya bAlavabodho racyA che. eMzI varSanA sAdhujIvana daramiyAna, sAdhunI aneka maryAdAonuM pAlana karIne jJAnavimalasUrie ATaluM vipula sarjana kaI rIte karyuM haze tevo vicAra sahaja rIte ja Ave. mAtra saMkhyAnI dRSTie ja nahIM, paraMtu guNavattAnI dRSTie paNa jJAnavimalanuM pradAna madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM mahattvanuM gaNAya.

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cAra prayogazIla sarjaka phirAka prayogazIla sarjaka phirAka A bALaka raghupati sahAya Adhunika urdU sAhityanA utkRSTa zAyara 'phirAka' gorakhapurI tarIke prasiddha thayA, paraMtu emanuM kalAbIja to bALapaNamAM pelA sAva sAmAnya prasaMgamAM paDeluM che. emaNe kavi tarIke evo prayatna karyo ke emanI kAvyadhArAmAMthI mAtA jevI huMpha ane dhabakatI AsAeza pragaTe. AkhIya mahephila jhUmI jhUmIne vAha vAha pokArI UThe evI uparachallI janamanaraMjanI 'phirAkamAM nahIM maLe, balka enI pAsethI to sadAya tasallI ja maLatI rahe che. 'phirAka' kahe che : karate nahI kucha to kAma karanA kyA Aye jIte jI jo se gujaranA kyA Ave ro ro ke mata mAMganevAloM ko jInA nahI A sa kA to maranA kyA Ave. phirAkano janma dharmaparAyaNa hindu kuTuMbamAM thayo hato. emanA gharamAM 'surasAgara' ane 'rAmAyaNano niyamita pATha thato hato. khuda phirAka kahe che ke A abhyAsane kAraNe ja urdU kavitAmAM je bhAvasRSTi ajANI rahI hatI ane teo pragaTa karI zakyA. 'phirAkanA pitA munzI gorakhaprasAda 'ibarata'nA upanAmathI zAyarI karatA. AthI 'phirAkane gaLathuthImAM zAyarI maLI hatI, ema rUDhigata rIte kahevAmAM Arva. A vize 'phirAka" kahe che ke, teo pote pitAnI pAsethI kAvya sAMbhaLatA hatA, paraMtu bALapaNathI ja zAyarInA saMskAra maLyA hatA evA bayAnAta sAthe saMmata nathI. temanA pitA munzI gorakhaprasAda avasAna pAmyA tyAre trIsa hajAranuM devuM hatuM, paraMtu e badhuM devuM 'phirAke' bharapAI karyuM, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa baMne bhAIone bhaNAvIne sArI rIte taiyAra karyA. takadIranI sAthe 'phirAkane khUba jhajhUmavuM paDyuM che ane ethI ja zAyara enI eka gajhalamAM AvI khumArI pragaTa karatAM kahe che : eka aMdhArI rAta bALaka raghupatinI jiMdagImAM navI rozanI phelAvI gaI. dasa varSanA raghupatino deha tAvathI taraphaDato hato. meleriyAnI ThaMDIthI zarIra tharathara kAMpatuM hatuM, tyAre raghupatinI mAtA AkhI rAta potAnA bALakane godamAM laIne beThI. ene kema zAtA rahe, enI rAtabhara koziza karatI rahI. dasa varSano bImAra bALaka mAtAnI A zuzraSAne joto hato. enI buddhimAM ekAeka eka vicAra jhabakI UThyo ke kazIya AnAkAnI ke avarodha vinA ATalI hiphAjata karavAnI tAkAta mAtAmAM kyAMthI AvatI haze ? AvA anaMta vAtsalya pAchaLa kaI zaktinuM baLa raheluM haze ? A zaktino vicAra e ja raghupatinI sAhityakhojano pradhAna vicAra banI gayo.

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA nasIbe khuphatA ke ' zAne * jhiMjhoDa sakatA huM, tilasma* gaphalate kornana toDa sakatA huM, na pUcha hai merI majabUriyoM meM kyA kasabala ? musIbatoM kI ke lAI maroDa sakatA huM. uMbala paDe - abhI AbehayAta ke came * zarAro' saMgako* aMsA nicoDa sakatA huM. emanA saMgharSamaya jIvananI parAkASThA to tyAre AvI ke mAtra cha-sAta mahinAnA alpakALamAM ja emanuM dAMpatyajIvana naMdavAI gayuM. jIvanano A abhAva emanI kavitAnA prAraMbhakALamAM jovA maLe che, paraMtu 'phirAka' emAMthI tarata bahAra AvyA ane pharI sauMdaryakhojanI rAha para cAlavA lAgyA. alhAbAdanI myora senTrala kaoNlejamAM bI.e. thayA pachI aMgreja sarakAre emane DepyuTI klekTarano hoddo Apyo, paraMtu eno asvIkAra karIne 'phirAka' rASTrIya koMgresamAM joDAyA. emaNe kArAvAsa paNa svIkAryo, paraMtu kArAvAsa emane mATe kAvyazALAmAM palaTAI gayo. ahIM samartha sAhityasvAmIo sAthe paricaya thayo ja , paraMtu maulAnA mohammada alI, maulAnA 'hasarata mohAnI ane maulAnA abdulakalAma AjhAda' sAthe rahevAnI taka maLI ane AthI ja vikharAyelI jiMdagI gumarAha thavAne badale eka suMdara ghATa pAmI. 'phirAka' eka ze 'ramAM kahe che : prayogazIla sarjaka phirAka ahale-jindA kI ye majalisa hai subUta isakA 'phirAka ki khabara kera bhI ye zIrAjA 14 parezAM15 na huA. I. sa. 1927mAM kArAvAsamAMthI mukta thayA bAda teoe urdU sAhityanA adhyApaka tarIke kAmagIrI bajAvI. AnI sAthosAtha ema. e. thayA ane alhAbAda yunivarsiTImAM I. sa. 1930mAM aMgrejInA adhyApaka tarIke joDAyA, jyAM teoe nivRttiparyaMta kAma karyuM. 'phirAka" gorakhapurIne alhAbAdamAM pro. nAsarI sAthe saMbaMdha thayo ane enAthI emanI sAhityika gatividhi vegIlI banI. phirAkane bALapaNamAM bhAratIya saMtavANInA saMskAro maLyA. e pachI emaNe gAliba, mIra, momIna ane musahaphI jevA sarja konA sarjanano gADha sahavAsa sevyo. gAliba pAsethI jIvananuM nItaryuM darzana pAmyA. vedanAnA lAvArasano dhagadhagato anubhava mIranI pAsethI maLyo, jyAre Urmino UchaLato Avega musahaphI pAsethI pAmyA. pAzcAtya sAhityano UMDo abhyAsa karyo. Ama 'phirAka 'nA sarja kacittamAM samRddha sAhityadhArAono triveNIsaMgama racAyo. ATalI vizALa sAhityaupAsanAne kAraNe ja 'phirAka'nuM sarjakacitta urdU sAhityakAromAM nokhuM tarI Ave che. 'phirAkanA Agamana pahelAM urdU kavitA praNayanA lAgaNIveDAthI nItaratI hatI ane jIvananI nakkara vAstavikatAthI ghaNI vegaLI hatI. AMsuthI kharaDAyelA pocaTa praNayanA cIle cAlatI urdU kavitA ekasurIlI ane baMdhiyAra banI gaI hatI. mAtra zarAba ane zabAbanA sAMkaDA viSayavartuLamAM ghUmatI hatI. Ave samaye urdU kavitAmAM navIna vicAra, nokhI vibhAvanA ane navA navA prayogothI cIlo cAtaravAnuM 13. je nivAsI, 14. silAI (pustakanI), 1pa. vikharAI 1. sUtelA nasIbane, 2. khabho, 3. DhaMDhoLavuM, 4. jAduI, 5. pramAda, . baMne loka - A loka ane paraloka, 3. zakti, 8 phUTI nIkaLaze, 9, amRtajaLanAM, 10. jharaNAMo, 11. cinagArI, 12. paththarane

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA kAma phirAka gorakhapurIe karyuM. zAyarIne teo vyaktigata jIvananI DAyarI mAnatA nathI, bhAvanI ekAdI avasthAnuM tIvratAthI gAna karavAthI zAyarInuM kAma saratuM nathI. 'phirAkanA mate to zAyarImAM ApaNe zuM chIe te nahIM paNa ApaNe zuM thavA mAgIe chIe te pragaTa thavuM joIe, mAtra huzana ane imAM jIvananI paryApti nathI. vyaktigata bhAvanAonuM manohara varNana karavA mAtrathI kavitA banatI nathI. e bhAvanAo vyaktigata hovAnI sAthosAtha samaSTi sAthe anusaMdhAna sAdhatI hovI joIe. AthI ja 'phirAka'nI kavitA hakIya dardanI vedanAbharI abhivyaktine badale samaSTinA saudaryanI khojano avirata prayAsa banI rahI. jiMdagIne sarvAgI rIte joto A kavi kahe che : e jindagI-e-gama terI vardhazataka dekhI terI nairaMgI'- e-tabIyata dekhI; khulate nahIM tere bheda, mene tujha meM haMsa dene kI rote-rote Adata dekhI. jhiMdAdila zAyara jiMdagInI vedanAne jue che. jIvanamAM Dagale ne pagale eno anubhava thayo che. kyAreka teo cIsa pADIne kahe che : khote hai agara jAna to kho lene de jo aisemeM ho jAye vo hI lene de; ika uma paDI hai sabra bhI kara leMge isa vakta to jI bhara ke ro lene de. kavi mAne che ke hastInI A rAta pasAra karavAnI ja che. jiMdagI e mahephila nathI, paNa ujjaDa ke verAna che. mAtra vedanAnI 19. gabharAmaNa, 17. vicitra prayogazIla sarjaka phicaka abhivyakti para ja 'phirAka' aTakatA nathI. jIvananAM sukha-du:khanAM jhAMjhavAMnI pele pAra AvelA AtmavizvAsane oLakhIne kahe che : kaMda kyA, rihAI kyAM, hai hamIme hara Alama cala paDe to saharA hai, rU ke gaye to jindA hai. 'phirAka gorakhapurIe AraMbhamAM urdU kavitA vAMcI, to enAthI tRpti ochI maLI, asaMtoSa vadhu thayo. jUja mAnavIonA muzAyarAmAM vAha vAha mATe jabAnanI sastI toDa-maroDa ke halakI izkiyA zAyarI sAme napharata pedA thaI. atizaya zRMgAra Alekhato 'dAga' 'phirAkane gamyo nahIM, eka kALe 'phAnI' badAyUnI darda ane du:khano sahuthI moTo zAyara kahevAto, paNa emAM rovuM ane taDapavuM vizeSa hatuM. mAtra izka ane hunanI nAjuka bayAnI karatI urdU kavitAne joIne eka vAra to 'phirAke' bolI UThyA ke urdU kavitAmAM zarAba che, zarabata che, paNa amRta nathI. ene a-mRta tattva tarapha vALavAno 'phirAke " prayAsa karyo. urdU zAyarInI preyasI hatI bevaphA vezyA. 'phirAke" ene koThA parathI nIce utArI. enA Azikane rAta-divasanI vedanA, viraha, talasATa ane AMsumAMthI bahAra kADhyo. 'phirAkanA sauMdarya-AlekhanamAM saMskRta ane hiMdI sAhityano prabhAva hato. 'phirAkano Azika phariyAda kare che, paNa potAnuM gaurava jALavIne, agAuno kavi preyasI mATe taDapato hato, paNa enI sAthe kazuM tAdAtma sAdhyuM nahotuM. enI priyatamA potAnA priyatama pratye berukhI(upekSA)no bhAva dAkhavatI hatI. Azika mAzukAnI eka naja2 mATe taDapato hato, paNa eNe potAnI priyatamAne najIkathI nihALI nahotI, hRdayathI jANI nahotI, buddhithI nANI nahotI, 'phirAka' priyatamA sAthenA tAdAbhyanuM manabhara gAna kare che, e ene nihALato ja

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA nathI, balka sparze che. AthI ema kahevAya che ke 'phirAke' Adhunika urdU gajhalane navI mAzukA ApI. enI mAzukAnuM Alekhana kRtrima nahIM, paNa kalAtmaka che. nidmANa nahIM, balka jIvaMta che. 'phirAka' praNayane jiMdagInI nakkara vAstavikatA ane vaizvika saMdarbhamAM rajU kare che. AmAM koI zikavA ke zikAyata nathI : saMyoga viyoga kI kahAnI na uThA pAnI meM bhigate kaMvala ko dekhA; bItI hoMgI suhAga rAteM kitanI lekina hai Aja taka kuMvArA nAtA. phirAka tuM hI musAphira hai tuM hI maMjhila bhI | kidhara calA hai mohabbata kI coTa khAye huM e. 'phirAkanA kahevA pramANe praNayanI zAyarI racavA mATe bhAvuktA, hRdayanI komaLatA ke Azika athavA zAyara thavuM ja pUratuM nathI, balka praNayanI uttama zAyarI mATe svayaMbhU preraNA, vyApaka jIvanadarzana ane saMskRtithI ghaDAyelAM dila ane dimAga hovAM joIe. A jIvaMta preyasInA nakha, keza, svabhAva ane premanuM 'phirAka' sajIva citraNa kare che. teo kahe che : rasa meM bA laharAtA badana kyA kahanA / karavaZ letI huI subahecamana kyA kahanA // madabharI AMkhoM kI alasAI najara pichalI rAta | nida meM DUbI huI candrakirana kyA kahanA / dila ke AIne meM Isa taraha utaratI hai nigAha / jaise pAnI meM lacaka jAye kirana kyA kahanA // prayogazIla sarjaka phirAka terI AvAja saverA terI bAte taDakA! khe khUla jAtI hai ejAjesabuna kyA kahanA / 'phirAkanA prAraMbhika kAvyasarjana para keTalAka kaviono prabhAva jovA maLe che. 'AsI' gAjIpUrInI rubAIothI prabhAvita thaIne rubAIyAta lakhavA lAgyA. tyArabAda 'joza' malihAbAdI ane mominanA sarjanano raMga emanI kRtiomAM jovA maLato, paraMtu e pachI emanI kAvyapratibhAe AgavuM ja rUpa dhAraNa karyuM ane ethI 'phirAka" Aje paNa urdU sAhityamAM emanA AgavA sarjakamAnasathI anokhuM sthAna dharAve che. pharamAyazI lakhANa lakhavAnA teo virodhI che. hRdayamAM jAgelo UrmidhabakAra zabdadeha dhAraNa karyA vinA rahI zake nahIM tyAre ja teo lekhinI calAve che. emaNe eka patramAM niyojane lakhyuM ke, jema rudana karavAthI koI phAyado nathI, tema chatAM AMkhamAM AMsu UmaTI Ave che, tevI ja rIte majabUrI ane mAyusI(nirAzA)ne kAraNe gajhala racAI jAya che. 'phirAka gorakhapurIe emanI gajhala, rubAIo ane najamomAM navAnavA zabdo Apyo, anokhI upamAo ApI ane mugdha kare tevI kalpanAnI raMgalIlA AlekhI. AthI ja emanI kavitA para mohamila(arthahIna durbodhatA)no Aropa mUkavAmAM Avyo. urdU sAhityamAM praNaya vize ziSTa ane saMketanI bhASAmAM vAta thatI. saMskRtuM sAhityanuM AkaMTha pAna karanAra 'phirAka'nuM zuMgAra-nirUpaNa urdU sAhityamAM taddana juduM paDe che. keTalAke AmAM kalAmayatA joI, to koIne vAstava-Alekhanano hiMmatabharyo prayAsa dekhAyo. 'phirAkanI AvI kavitA para azlIlatAno Aropa mukavAmAM Avyo. Ama 19, bapora, 20. camatkAranI vAta 18. bAganI savAra,

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA chatAM 'phirAka' praNaya vizenI potAnI vibhAvanA kAvyasarjana mAraphate satata pragaTa karatA rahyA. 'phirAkanA kahevA pramANe emaNe Alekhelo praNaya e pleTonika ke bhautika praNaya nathI, emAM zArIrika tattva paNa che. kyAMka 'phirAka' praNayanuM vyaMjanArahita sIdhe sIdhuM Alekhana kare che. teo kahe che : yaha bhIgI mase rUpakI jagamagAhaTa yaha mahakI huI rasamasIraja muskarAITa, tujhe bhIMcate vakta nAjuka badana para voha kucha jAmanarmakI sarasarAhaTa ; pasenvAba ke pahelUe Azika se uThanA dhule 27 sAdha joDe kI vahe malaja gAuMTa. prayogazIla sarjaka phirAka 'phirAka' gorakhapurIe agaNita kavitAo, gajhala, rubAI ane muktako (kataAta) lakhyAM che. teo ucca koTinA samIkSaka paNa che, chatAM vizeSa to gajhalamAM ane temAM paNa gajhalanA zeramAM emanuM pradAna amITa che. temanA ze'ranI saMkhyA seMkaDo sudhI pahoMce che ane tenI sAhityika guNavattA ghaNI UMcI che. AvA keTalAka ze'ra joIe : zAma bhI thI dhUo - dhUo, huzena bhI thA udAsa - udAsa; dila kI kaI kahAniyAM yAda sI Akara raha gaI ! meM dera taka tujhe khuda hI na rokatA lekina, tuM jisa adA se uThA hai usI adA kA ronA hai ! kauna ye le AsamAnoM ko rahA nIMda hai aMgaDAI AtI hai ! hamase tumane kyAM to ho sakA muhabbata meM ? khera bevaphAI kI ! yahe vasla kA hai karizmA ki huMphana jAga uThA, tere badanakI koI aba khuda Aga hI dekhe; jarA visAla ke ra bAda AInA to dekho e dosta tere jamAlakI dozIja gI* nikhara AI. 'phirAka' kalA khAtara kalAmAM mAnanArA kavi che. jenuM aMtaraMga ane bahiraMga suMdara hoya te kavitA, ema mAne che. vaLI A bhAvuka prakRtino kavi kyAreka praNayanA AvegathI dhasamasatI gajhala kahe che, to kvacit copAsanA jIvanathI prabhAvita thaIne ekAeka inkalAbI najama kahevA mAMDe che. vaLI evAmAM priyatamA yAda AvI jAya to premanI saravANI phUTI nIkaLe che. mujhe khabara nahIM hai e hamadamo, sunA ye hai, ki dera-dera taka aba meM udAsa rahatA huM ! banAkara hamako miTa jAte hai gama bhI zAdamAnI bhI. hayAte-caMda-rojA re hai hakIkata * bhI kahAnI bhI ! 21. rasabharI. 22. AliMgana, 23. narama vastro, 24. susavATo, 25. UMdhyA pachI, 26. paDakhAM, 27, dhovAyelAM, 28. milana, 29. milana pachI, 30. sauMdaryanuM, 31. kaumArya 32. harSa, 33. cAra divasanuM jIvana, 34, vAstavikatA

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| bhAvana-vibhAvanA munAsibUta bhI hai kucha gAma se mujhe ko e dosta bahuta dinoM se tujhe maherabAM nahIM pAyA ! na koI vAdA, na koI yakI, na koI umIda magara hameM to terA intajAra karanA thA ! 'phirAke' gajhalanA hArdane jALavIne prayogo karyA. vikhyAta zAyara 'jigara' murAdAbAdIe eka vAra ema kahyuM ke, A kavinA ekeeka kAvyamAM enI zailI badalAI jAya che, tyAre 'phirAke' uttara Apyo ke mahAna kavio vaividhya dharAvatA hoya che. emanI kavitA para kharabacaDI abhivyakti ane bhASAvaicitryano Aropa mukAyo che, paraMtu 'phirAkanA kahevA pramANe emano bhAva eTalo sukSma ane chaTakaNo hoya che ke te koI daDha sImAmAM ke paraMparAgata cIle pragaTa thaI zakato nathI. teo bhAvakane kRtinI AkRtinI paLojaNamAM paDavAne badale tenA aMtaHtattvane cakAsavAnuM kahe che. 'phirAkanA praNaya-AlekhananI mAphaka enA prakRti-AlekhanamAM AgavI vizeSatA jovA maLe che. vegIlI kalpanA dvArA e kudaratano dhabakAra jhIle che. bhAratIya vAtAvaraNanA parivezamAM emanuM prakRtiAlekhana jovA maLe che, AthI emanI upamA ane kalpanA urdU sAhityamAM AgavI sRSTi sarjI jAya che. puruSa ane prakRti emanA sarjanamAM vegaLAM rahetAM nathI. balka puruSa enA lohImAM prakRtino dhabakAra anubhave che. emanI praNayavibhAvanA, AsapAsanI prakRti sAtheno gADha saMbaMdha, saMskRta tema ja hiMdI sAhityano sahavAsa tathA sukSma avalokanazakti ane vedhaka sauMdaryadRSTine kAraNe emanuM kAvyasarjana AgavI bhAta pADe che. emAM bhAvaka bhAratIya tattvanA spaMdane satata anubhavato rahe che. vizvanuM akhilAIthI darzana karatA 'phirAka ' iSTanI sAthe aniSTane paNa joI zake che. mAnavI e teja-aMdhAranuM pUtaLuM che. prayogazIla sarjaka phirAka enAmAM Izvara ane zetAna baMne vaselA che. 'phirAka" jeTalI utkaTatAthI kAvyamAM AnaMdanuM gAna kare che eTalI ja utkaTatAthI viSAdanuM Alekhana kare che, paraMtu emano viSAda koI vyaktigata vedanAno sUra banavAne badale samaSTigata bhAva sAthe anusaMdhAna sAdhe che. AthI emanAM kAvyo mAtra AtmalakSI nahIM banatAM, paralakSI paNa banyAM che. ane emanuM praNayAlekhana vyaktigata vedanAnI vAtane badale samaSTi sAthe dora sAMdhe che. 'phirAka gorakhapurIne Adhunika urdU sAhityanA sauthI samartha 'gajhala-go'zAyara' mAnavAmAM Ave che. manobhAvanuM vedhaka Alekhana, vegIlI kalpanA, bhAratIya bhASAonI chAMTa dharAvatI alaMkArasamRddhi, hindI ane urdU rUpono samanvaya tema ja prema ane sauMdaryanI manovaijJAnika sukSmatA 'phirAka' jevI urdU sAhityamAM anyatra kvacit ja maLe che. sarjakanI bhAvukatA sAthe ciMtanano sumeLa sAdhIne teo mAtra prabhAvika baLa ja banI rahyA nathI, paraMtu potAnI sAhityika vibhAvanAne kalAkRtimAM saphaLa rIte sAkAra karI zakyA che. prayogazIla phirAka gorakhapurIe je navuM kalAjagata AkhuM temAM keTalAkane sAhityika baLavAnI gaMdha paNa AvI. 'asara' lakhanavI jevA paraMparAgata zAyarI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvanArA zAyarone to 'phirAkanI zAyarI aparicita ane asaMbaddha lAge che. emaNe 'phirAka'nA zerane 'kANA, lUlA ane laMgaDA ze'ra' siddha karavAnA prayatno karyA to koIe chaMdane nahIM gAMThatA A kavi para zithila chaMdaracanA, bhASAnuM kaDhaMgApaNuM ane zikhAu jevI zailIno AkSepa karyo. eka bAju 'phirAkanI AvI TIkA thatI hatI, to bIjI bAju enI sAhityika pratibhAno Adara karanAro varga paNa Ubho thayo. khuda 'phirAka' AmAM jhukAvIne AvA vivAdomAM sakriya rIte bhAga 35. kahenAro

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pAMca bhAvana-vibhAvana levA mAMDyA. teo evI dRDha mAnyatA dharAve che ke kalAkAre enI sAhityika rucinI oLakha mATe enI sarjanAtmakatAne anukuLa vAtAvaraNa sarjavAne mATe AvA vivAdomAM jAte ja jhukAvavuM joIe. pAkistAnamAM islAmI ane ruhAnI (AdhyAtmika) sAhityano jorazorathI nAro pokAravAmAM Avyo, tyAre emaNe potAno abhiprAya spaSTa rIte pragaTa karyo. 'phirAka'nI gaNanA sAmyavAdamAM vizvAsa dharAvanArA pragatizIla sAhityakAromAM thatI hatI, paraMtu jyAre emaNe joyuM ke pragatizIla sAhityakAra saMkucitatAno zikAra bane che ane samRddha prAcIna vArasAnI upekSA kare che tyAre temaNe cetavaNI ApatAM kahyuM ke, vizvanA sauthI prAcIna pustaka RgvadathI mAMDIne Tenisana, svInabarna, TaoNlsTaoNya, TAgora, gAliba ane ikabAlanA sAhityamAM je kalAtmaka camatkAra che, enAthI pragatizIla sAhityakAra, vimukha raheze to te mAtra pragatizIlatAnA uddezane AdhAre mahAna sAhityanuM sarjana karI zakaze nahIM. prAcIna sAhityanA AtmAne emaNe AtmasAt karavo joIe, mAtra prAcIna sAhityanA adhyayanathI A prApta thaze nahIM, balake A mATe enA AtmA sudhI pahoMcavuM paDaze. temaNe kahyuM ke jo prAcIna sAhityanA hArdane pAmI zakIzuM nahIM to ApaNuM sAhitya pragatizIla hovA chatAM kapAyelA pataMga jevuM dizAzUnya banI raheze. - urdU sAhitya para 'phirAka'no eTalo prabhAva paDyo ke keTalAka enA sarjanakALane 'phirAka yuga' tarIke oLakhAve che. urdU gajhalamAM teo navuM ja rUpa laI AvyA. urdU sAhityamAM 'phirAka'nA pradAnane enA ja eka ze'rathI joIe to - hajAra bAra jamAnA Idhara se gujarA hai naI-naI sI hai kucha terI rahagujara phira bhI ! vArtAkAra dhUmaketu I. sa. 1926mAM 'taNakhA maMDaLa-1' pragaTa thatAM gujarAtI navalikA vicAra, viSaya, lAgaNI ane saha-anubhUtinA navA phalaka para prayANa Adare che. agAunI bhadra ane sukhI samAja AsapAsa vIMTaLAyelI, dAgI-takiye besIne vicAratA praznone carcatI ke vAgoLatI tema ja samAjasudhArAnA samarthanAthe ke kyAreka pracArArthe prayojAtI navalikAnI trijyA dhUmaktanA A vArtAsaMgrahathI vistare che. aitihAsika dRSTie joIe to gujarAtI navalikAmAM 'malayAnila'nI 'govAlaNI' jevI eka-be vArtAo maLatI hatI ane jyAre kanaiyAlAla munazI, dhanasukhalAla mahetA kAcI-pAkI TUMkI vArtAono phAla ApatA hatA tyAre dhUmaketue emanI navalikAmAM dhvanitatvanI mAvajata, pramANabhAna, pAtranAM vartano vaccenI susaMgatatA vize sau prathama saMbhAnatA dAkhavI. romenTika zailI dharAvatA A bhAvanAzALI sarjake pAtro ane

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8e bhAvana-vibhAvanA paristhitinI eka navI ja mugdhatAbharI raMgIna sRSTino paricaya karAvyo. sarjakanI saMvedanAnI vizALa vyAptine kAraNe ja nAnIzI keDI samo A sAhityakAra eka moTA mArganuM rUpa dhAraNa kare che. lekhakanA gahana ane vyApaka samabhAvane kAraNe ja nimna ke sAmAnya gaNAtA mAnavInI jhaLahaLatI cittasamRddhi AlekhAI che. sAva nIcalA tharanA mAnavIonI vyathA, vedanA, mUMjhavaNo, AghAta, mAnasika saMgharSa ane emanA thatA zoSaNane abhivyakta kare che. lekhakanI naja2 mAtra sabhyatAnA sImADAnI bahAranA gaNAtA evA upekSita samAja pUratI ja maryAdita rahI nathI, paraMtu zrImaMtonA ke rAjavIonA jIvanane paNa AvarI le che. tAjanI AsapAsanA raMgIna, ramaNIya ane mulAyama vAtAvaraNanI sAthe sAthe traNa daravAjAnI AsapAsa haratIpharatI kaMgAliyata paNa ahIM rajU thaI che. emanI najara posTa oNphisa, zAka mAra kITa ane relave kraoNsiMganI jhUMpaDIthI vaizAlInagarInI AmrapAlInA vaibhavI AvAsa sudhI pahoMce che. naMdAgiri, vArANasI ane pRthvI para svarga samA prakAzatA satalaja kinArAnA pradezathI mAMDIne cheka vezyAgRha vArtApravAhanA vahananI bhUmi bane che. dhUmaketunA AgamanathI gujarAtI navalikAmAM sthaLa ane kALanuM mAtabara vaividhya Ave che. emanAM sthaLavarNano navalikAnuM eka abhinna aMga banI jAya che. 'kalpanAnI mUrtio' ke 'pRthvI ane svargamAMthI varNano gALI nAkhIe to navalikAnuM nIrasa hADapiMjara ja maLe. kALanA vaividhyane joIe to 'pRthvI ane svarga mAM jagatanI bAlyAvasthAno ramaNIya kALa, "AtmAnAM AMsu mAM vaizAlInA lokataMtrano samaya, ' kesarI vALA' ke 'tAraNahAra mAM madhyakALanI rajapUtI vIratA, ane 'goviMdanuM khetara mAM gAmaDAMonI zahera bhaNI doTano samaya AlekhAya che. vArtAkAra dhUmaketu dhUmaketunI vArtAsRSTimAM AlekhAyelo samAja paNa vaividhyasabhara che. emanI vAstava dRSTi ane romenTika vyaktitvamAMthI jAgelI bhAvanAo tathA kalpanAnA baLe teo vaividhyasabhara pAtro Ape che. emanI 'goviMdanuM khetara' e pAchaLathI ghUghavatA pUra samA banelA grAmajIvanaviSayaka kavanonI prAraMbhakRti gaNAya. sarjakanuM bhAvuka hRdaya 'kalpanAnI mUrtio', 'sonerI paMkhI' ke 'pRthvI ane svarga'nA viSayo zodhI lAve che to emanI vAstava dRSTi bhIkhu, goviMda, bhaiyAdAdA, alI kocamena, vAghajI mocI, jumo bhistI jevAM pAtro sarje che. A navalikAomAM udAra, vyApaka ane mAnavatAthI dhabakatI praNayabhAvanAo Alekhe che. emanI navalikAo kalAprIti, kudarataprIti, bhUmiprIti, prANIprIti ane mAnavaprItinA judA judA vivatanI sAttvika prabhA pragaTAve che. tyAga, balidAna, samarpaNa, vaphAdArI ane prAyazcitta jevI bhAvanAonuM asAdhAraNa UrmimayatAthI evuM to svAgata kare che ke A navalikAomAM koI purogAmI vArtAkAramAM na anubhavAyo hoya evo karuNarasa anubhavAya che. Ama aitihAsika dRSTie joIe to dhUmaketunuM Agamana navalikAkSetre keTalIya navI dizAo ane zakyatAone ughADI Ape che ane emanI navalikAomAM Agavo cIlo pADavAnuM sAmarthya paNa che. dhUmaketu pahelAM zrI kanaiyAlAla munazI jevA samartha sarjake mArI kamalA ne bIjI vAto' jevo navalikAsaMgraha Apyo hato, paNa munazI jevA saraLa kathanarIti dharAvanAra vArtAkAra pAse paNa TUMkIvArtA keLAnuM rUpa pAmatI nathI. munazIe 'zAmaLazAno vivAha" jevI vArtAo dvArA kaTAya, vakrokti ane vyaMgano Azaro laIne sAmAjika sudhAraNAno saMdeza Apyo. munazInuM dhyAna mAtra kathana para che, jyAre dhUmaketunI najara saMyojana para che. munazI zAmaLazAnA varaghoDAnuM ke junavANI nIti-rItimAM mAnatA gomatIdAdAnuM ThaThThAcitra Ape che,

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA paNa dhUmaketu ethI vadhu sukSma vArtAkasaba dharAve che, 'posTa ophisanI vAta kare to alIDosAnA pAtrane kendramAM rAkhIne enI cetanA UpasI Ave te rIte ghaTanAnuM nirUpaNa kare che. ApaNe tyAM satata evuM sAmya batAvAyuM che ke gAMdhIyugano vizALa samabhAva jema 2. va. desAIe navalakathAmAM jhIlyo, e ja rIte, TUMkIvArtAmAM dhUmaketue jhIlI batAvyo che. paraMtu 2. va. desAI ane dhUmaketuno grAmajIvana taraphano abhigama sAva nokho che. 2. va. desAIe 'grAmalakSmI mAM gAmaDAnI Arthika sthiti, khetI, ijanerIthI pANI laI javuM jevI Arthika uddhAranI vAta karI che. mahAtmA gAMdhIjInI grAmoddhAranI bhAvanAnI vadhu najIka 2. va. desAI che. jyAre dhUmaketu grAmajIvana tarapha judo abhigama dharAve che. eka prakAranuM romenTika lekhakane chAje tevuM mugdhatAsabhara 'Imozanala eTecamenTa' dharAve che. AthI ja lekhakane muMbaInAM saMtarAM ane mosaMbI rogiSTha lAge che ane gamADAmAM maLatAM chAza ane dUdha indrane paNa durlabha lAge che. hakIkatamAM udyogIkaraNane pariNAme zaheranuM AkarSaNa vadhyuM ane zaheranI judA ja prakAranI samasyAoe zahera-virodhI lAgaNI janmAvI. AthI dhUmaktae emanI navalikAomAM gAmaDAM sArAM, khetI sArI ane gAmaDAnA loko paNa eTalA ja sArA. jyAre zahera naThArAM, nokarI kharAba ane zaherIo svArthI evA amuka samAjamAM pracalita khyAlanuM pakSapAta sAthe Alekhana karyuM. che. mahAtmA gAMdhIjI gAmaDAmAM je che te badhuM ja sAruM che tema mAnatA nahotA. paraMtu sAmAjika ane Arthika parivartana karIne grAmoddhAra karavA mAgatA hatA. dhUmaketue gAmaDAnI mAtra 'hyumana sAiDa' ja joI che, "soziyala sAiDa' nahIM. gAmaDAmAM kurUDhi hoya, aMdhazraddhA hoya ke strIone trAsa thato hoya evuM nirUpaNa dhUmaktanI navalikAomAM javalle ja jovA maLe che. e jovAnuM emanuM prayojana paNa nathI. vArtAkAra dhUmaketu 91 e ja rIte niraMjana bhagatanAM 'pravAladvIpa' kAvyomAM je nagarasaMskRtinuM Alekhana che eno AraMbha ghaNAne dhUmaketumAM jaNAya che. dhUmaketu evA pahelA sarjaka che, jemaNe nagarasaMskRtinI yAMtrikatA ane enA mAnavatAvihoNA vartananI vAta karI. 2. va. desAIe grAmajIvana ane nagarajIvananI AvI tulanA karI nathI, jyAre dhUmaketu kyAMka gherA raMgathI paNa nagarasaMskRtinI viSamatA darzAve che. harizcaMdra bhaTTa ke pralAda pArekhanAM kAvyomAM kvacit ane niraMjana bhagatanA 'pravAladvIpa'nAM kAvyomAM vizeSa AvI paristhitinuM mArmika Alekhana che, paNa dhUmaketunuM nagara ane niraMjana bhagatanuM nagara juduM che. niraMjana bhagata to nagara karatAM vizeSa mahAnagaranI saMskRtinuM Alekhana kare che, jyAre dhUmaketuno gAmaDAM pratyeno pakSapAta nagarasaMskRti taraphanA pUrvagrahamAM pariName che. dhUmaketune ApaNe bhAvanAzALI sarjaka kahIne emanI priya bhAvanAno mahimA ghaNo gAyo che. ghaNI vAra kaeNlenDara enuM e rahe ane tArIkha badalAtI jAya ema dhUmaketumAM bhAva, vicAra, lAgaNI ane kathayitavya eka ja hoya che. mAtra nAma, prasaMga ke pAtra badalAtAM hoya che. jema ke sthaLapremane AlekhatI 'bhaiyAdAdA' ane 'janmabhUmino tyAga' ke kalAprema ke mAnavapremanuM hRddha nirUpatI "kalpanAnI mUrtio" ane 'mazahUra garvaya" athavA to atRpta vAsanAne viSaya karatI akhaMDa jyota' ane 'kesarI vALA' - A vArtAonA vAghA judA che, paNa AtmA eka ja che. AthI dhUmaketunI vArtAomAM najare paDatuM vaividhya uparachalluM che, aMdaranuM nathI. dhUmaketunAM pAtro potAnI koI ne koI dhUnamAM racyAMpacyAM hoya che. e dhUna, e Teka ke e Adarzano bhaMga sevavAne badale A pAtro prANatyAga karavo bahetara mAne che. bhaiyAdAdA, indramaNi ke vidhuzekhara potAnI bhAvanA ke Adarzane javAne badale jIvanano

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bhAvana-vibhAvana aMta ANI de che. Ama chatAM ahIM paNa lekhakanA darzananI ekAgratA pragaTa thAya che. kalA, bhUmi ke prANIne mATe bhoga ApanArAM pAtro dhUmaketumAM maLaze, paraMtu bauddhika mUlyane khAtara bhoga ApanArA mAnavInI samarpaNagAthA dhUmaketumAM jaDaze nahIM. prema, tyAga, pazcAttApa, samarpaNa jevA bhAvone pragaTa karatAM jIvananAM rAgAvegapUrNa citro ahIM maLe che. paNa viSayo amuka kuMDALAmAM ja rahyA hovAthI jIvananI bIjI ghaNI bAjuo vaNasparzAyelI rahe che. jIvana pratye bhAvanAprerita abhigama hovAthI vAstavika viSaya hoya topaNa enuM Alekhana dhUmaketunI kalame bhAvanAlakSI banI jAya che. emano vizeSa rasa vyaktinuM jIvana AlekhavAmAM che. AthI ja emanAM pAtromAM jIvana taraphanA AdarzavAdI draSTikoNanI sAthe lAgaNIno Avega ane bhAvanAono dhasamasATa che. paraMtu pAtra koI Adarza mATe maMthana anubhavatuM nathI. e ja rIte Adarza siddha karavA jIvana sAme jhajhUmavA ke bAkhaDavAne badale e samarpaNano mArga vadhu pasaMda kare che. A pAtro kharekhara to Adarzane svIkRta gaNIne ja enA tarapha gati kare che. jIvananI beDoLatA ke kadarU pApaNuM dhUmaketue joyuM haze paraMtu emanI jIvanadRSTine anurUpa hoya teTaluM ja le che. pariNAme dhUmaketumAM amuka prakAranuM AghAtajanaka vastu, ghaTanA, pAtra ke aMta maLatAM nathI. dhUmaketunI bhAvanAzIlatA ghaNI kRtiomAM tATasthyane hAni pahoMcADe che. lAgaNInI parAkASThA AlekhavA jatAM kyAreka emAM ghelachA AlekhAI jAya che. nensI heIle dha riyAliTIjha oNpha phikzana'mAM noMdhyuM che ke sarjakanA AMtarika taraMgavyApAra ke kalpanAvyApAranuM ghaNuM mahattva che. A kalpanAvyApArane teo vArtAnA viSayavastuo mATenuM garbhasthAna lekha che. paraMtu kevaLa kalpanAvyApArathI vArtAnuM ghaDatara thavuM joIe ema e sUcavavA mAgatA nathI. emanI vArtAkAra dhUmaketu 3 dRSTie to vArtAnA viSayavastu bAhya vAstavikatA ane AMtarika taraMgasRSTinA AtmalagnanA pariNAmarUpa hoya che. e baMnenuM yogya pramANamAM saMyojana karavAnI vAta nensI heIla kare che. AvA saMyojananA abhAve dhUmaketunI keTalIka vArtAonI bhAvanApradhAna lAgaNImayatA surucivALA bhAvakane kaThe che. alI kocamena, sAvitrI, pyAremohana, vAghajI mocI, vidhuzekhara, indramaNi ke jumo bhistI AnAM udAharaNa che. 'posTa oNphisa'mAM patra na AvavAnuM kAraNa keTaluM dhUMdhaLuM che ! dhUmaketunI keTalIka vArtAonuM prayojana barAbara spaSTa thatuM nathI. 'janmabhUmino tyAga' navalikAnuM zIrSaka, AraMbha ane aMta jotAM ema lAge ke lekhaka bhUmipremanI kathA kahevA cAhe che, paraMtu vArtAnI vacce AvatI bIjI ghaTanAo Arthika ane sAmAjika bAbato tarapha lakSa dore che. AnAthI vAtAvaraNanA karuNane vadhu uThAva maLe che. paNa AmAMnI koI bAbata bhUmiprema batAvavA upakAraka banatI nathI. ekasAthe be vArtA cAlatI hoya tevuM lAgavAthI navalikA pAchaLano hetu taravarato rahevAne badale bIjI vAta nIce dabAI jAya che. dhUmaketunAM keTalAMka pAtro eTalAM badhAM baLavAna che ke ApaNA mAnasapaTa para ciraMjIva chApa mUkI jAya che. bhaiyAdAdA, AnaMdamohana, jumo bhistI, sumeru ane bhIkhu jevAM pAtro emanA svabhAvanI lAkSaNika chaTAne kAraNe baLavAna banyAM che. kyAreka pAtranuM pratIkAtmaka vartana enA svabhAvavizeSane khubIthI pragaTa kare che. 'bhaiyAdAdA'mAM netaranI soTIthI kAMkarI uDADato adhikArI athavA potAnA bhAMDuone khAtara jUThuM bolato bhIkhu AnAM dRSTAMto che. 'hRdayapalaTo 'mAM 'AlukA zAka'nI vAta atyaMta hRdayasparzI banI che. kyAreka nAyaka sivAyanAM pAtro vAtAvaraNa jamAvavAmAM sakriya madadarUpa banyAM che. 'bhaiyAdAdA'mAM panI ane bilADInAM baccAM vAtAvaraNanA mArdavamAM vadhAro kare che. to 'jumo bhistI'mAM abola veNu pADo ane akhaMDa jyota mAM

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA zAstrI gaMgAprasAda potAnA AgavA vyaktitvanI lakIra mUkI jAya che. dhUmaketunAM pAtromAM bhAgye ja koI pAtranA svabhAvanI vidhavidha chaTAo ane lAkSaNikatAo AlekhAI che. 'dha zaoNrTa sTorI mAM zAM ' phlaoN (Sean 0' Faolain) sarjakanA vyaktitvane vArtAsarjananA kendramAM mUke che. mANasa lakhe che te viSayane nahi, paNa potAne evuM vidhAna paNa zaoN oN' phlaoN kare che. zaoN oN' phlaoN jAdugara sAthe vArtAkArane sarakhAvIne potAno muddo spaSTa karatAM kahe che ke jAdugarano jAdu e hoya che ke e lokone aSTa thatAM dekhADe che. vArtAkArano jAdu e hoya che ke e lokone duSTa kare che, eTale ke pote lokonI vArtA kahe che ema e dekhADe paNa hakIkatamAM potAnA vyaktitvanuM e saMgopana karato hoya che. dhUmaketunI vArtAmAM AvuM vyaktitvanuM nigaraNa jovA maLatuM nathI, balka navalikAnA kalevarane hAni pahoMcADe tevI rIte emanI mAnyatAo, Agraho ane ardhasatya AvyAM che. lekhakane jUnavaTa mATeno Adara vadhu to navAM vaheNonA tiraskAra dvArA pragaTa thAya che. 'goviMdanuM khetara mAM bhAgIrathInA mukhe lekhakanuM manogata phuTa rIte vyakta thAya che. bhAgIrathI kahe che, beTA ! A prakRtinuM saudarya, khetaranI svAdhInatA, lIlI vADI ne jiMdagInI tAjagI khoI, yaMtronA mohamAM zaheramAM ApaghAta karavAno pATha koNa ApI rahyuM che ? zuM gAmaDAM bhikhArI thaze, ne zahero gulAma thaze e A saMskRtinuM dhyeya che ?" 'jumo bhistI'mAM paNa lekhaka zaherI juvAnane jhapaTamAM laIne zaherI saMskRtinI TIkA karavAnI eka taka cUkatA nathI. ghaNI vAra to dhUmaketunI upamAo paNa emanA Agrahane pragaTa karI detI hoya che. 'bhaiyAdAdA'ne aMte Avato yaMtrasaMskRti taraphano emano roSa to vArtAnA ghATane roLI nAkhe che. vArtAkAra dhUmaketu eka evI mAnyatA sAmAnyapaNe pravarte che ke dhUmaktanuM jIvanadarzana pokaLa che, khoTuM che. koI paNa sarjakanA jIvanadarzanane ke enA idealismne khoTuM kahI na zakAya. pratyekanuM idealism nokhuM nokhuM hoya ane enI sAme koI vAMdho na laI zake. kharekhara to dhUmaketu jIvanadarzana ke idealismnI tAravaNI mATe sAcA prameyo racavAmAM 'goviMdanuM khetara' ke 'pRthvI ane svarga' jevI navalikAomAM niSphaLa gayA che, ema kahevuM joIe. sarjakanuM idealism ke jIvanadarzana ane dictate kare tyAre kalAkRtine hAni thAya che. AthI bhAvake to idealism vArtA dvArA kalAtmaka rIte phalita thAya che ke nahIM, te ja jovAnuM rahyuM. saMgItamAM AtmAne jagADavAnI tAkAta jotI, karNATakanI mUrtimAna sarasvatI jevI tArA iMdramaNinA saMgIta para ovArI jaIne enI jIvanasAthI bane che ane pachI munImanI vAtone mAnI le tathA sAraMgIne potAnI zokya mAnavA lAge, evuM pAchale page cAlatuM parivartana zakya che kharuM ? AmrapAlIno strItvano khyAla, enI zarato, eno dezaprema, biMbisAra sAtheno saMbaMdha ane putratyAga saheje meLa dharAvatAM nathI. dhUmaketune bhAvanA, prasaMga ke lAgaNImAM jeTalo rasa che eTalo e dvArA pragaTa thatA jIvananAM balAbalomAM nathI. AthI emanAM pAtro type banI gayAM che. pAtramAnasanAM staro ukheDavAne badale ke enA vyaktitvamAM avagAhana karAvavAne badale bhAvakanA hAthamAM mAtra prasaMga rahI jAya che. 'tAraNahAra' ane 'kesarI vAghA' jevI vArtAomAM tema ja dolatanA pAtrane anuSaMge prasaMga vadhu UpasyA che ane pAtra jhAMkhA paDI gayAM che. keTalAMka pAtronuM mAnasaparivartana kamika rIte nahIM, paNa nikaTanA snehInA viyoga ke mRtyuthI thAya che. putrIviyogathI alI ane mAtApitAnA mRtyuthI AnaMdamahanamAM parivartana Ave che. AvI haiyApalaTAnI kathAmAM garviSTha dulArI ane

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA vezyA banelI kuMtInA parivartananI kathA nokhI bhAta pADe che. mAtRpremanI ArtacIse jAgrata banelI kuMtInI vAtsalyadhArA tamAma avarodhane vaTAvIne codhAra vahe che. vArtAnA ghATano vicAra karIe to 'jumo bhistI', 'bhIkhu', 'ratano DholI' ane aMtane bAda karatAM 'bhaiyAdAdA' suzliSTa racanA gaNI zakAya. TekanikanI vizeSatAnI dRSTie 'arIso' navalikA vilakSaNa gaNAya, jemAM Akho kathApravAha arIsA para ja vahe che. 'tAraNahAra', 'madabhara nainA', 'AtmAnAM AMsu', 'kesarI vAghA" ane 'sonerI paMkhI' jevI navalikAomAMthI thoDuM gALI nAkhyuM hota to enA kalAghATanI surekhatA ora vadhI gaI hota. 'bhaiyAdAdAmAM bhaiyAnI parokSa upasthitithI thato vArtAprAraMbha noMdhapAtra gaNAya. dhUmaketunA purogAmIo ane samakAlIno navalikAmAM pratyeka vigata eTalI mUrti banAvIne mUkatA ke vAcakane kazuM vicAravAnuM rahetuM ja nahIM. sarjaka bhAvakanI AMgaLI jhAlIne ene vArtA pradezamAM dorato. AthI sahRdayanI zaktine paDakAra ke AhvAna thatuM nahIM, paNa dhUmaketunI navalikA vizenI vibhAvanA A viSayamAM sArI evI sUjha dharAvanArI che. teo kahe che : "navalakathA je kahevAnuM hoya te kahI nAkhe che. TUMkIvArtA kalpanA ane lAgaNIo jagAvIne je kahevAnuM hoya teno mAtra dhvani ja - taNakho ja - mUke che." paraMtu dhUmaketunuM sarjana emanI A vibhAvanAne kyAMka cAtarI jAya che. lalitamohana ane sukezI jevAM pAtronI sUtrAtmaka uktimAMthI navalikAnuM rahasyodghATana thaI jAya che. 'akhaMDa jyota' ke 'goviMdanuM khetara' jevI vArtAo to rahasyanI khIMTI para TAMgelA DagalA jevI banI gaI che. TUMkIvArtAe to dhvani ja - taNakho ja - mUkavAno, evI samaja dharAvanArA sarjaka dhUmaketu vAcakane saheje AyAsa ke zrama na karavo paDe eTalI hade kathayitavyane pragaTa kema karatA haze ? zuM vArtAkAra dhUmaketu bhAvaka vizenI emanI zraddhA ochI haze ? AmAM bhAvakanI zaktinA apamAnanI sAthesAthe sarjakane khuda potAnAmAM ocho vizvAsa lAge che. e game te hoya, paNa bhAvakano 'avyakta madhura" khoLavAno AnaMda to karI ja le che ! | 'taNakhA maMDaLa 4'nI prastAvanAmAM dhUmaketu lakhe che ke keTalIka vakhata navalikAnuM sauMdaryadarzana eka ja vAkyamAM thatuM hoya che. dhUmaketunI vArtAomAMthI A 'eka ja vAkya lekhaka pote bolIne vArtAnA hArdane anAvRtta karI de che. kyAreka vArtAnA aMte lAMbA gadyakhaMDa paNa AvI rIte ja laTakAvelA hoya che. A samaye jayaMti dalAlanI eka vAta yAda Ave che. teoe kahyuM hatuM ke dhUmaketue kumAra kAryAlayamAM 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1' chapAvavA ApyuM tyAre temAMthI dareka vArtAne aMte emAMthI nIkaLato sAra lakhyo hato. zrI bacubhAI rAvate enuM saMpAdana karatI veLAe Avo sAra kADhI nAkhyo hato. dhUmaketunA gadya aMge navesarathI vicAra karavAnI jarUra che. dhUmaketunA gadyamAM laya, coTa, utkaTatA ane citrAtmakatA che ane chatAMya durbodhatA nathI. saLaMga vahetA jharaNA jevuM emanuM gadya che. emAM tarka karatAM UrminuM baLa vizeSa pragaTa thAya che. kazIya vAgmitAno Azraya lIdhA vinA dhUmaketunuM gadya sUtrAtmaka ane kAvyamaya banI zake che. kavivara ravIndranAtha TAgora, khalila jibrAna ane umara khayyAmanA raMgadarzI adhyAtmano emAM aNasAra jovA maLe che. gujarAtI gadyane sarjanAtmaka chaTA ane apUrva layavAhitAthI dhUmaketue prayojyuM che. emanI varNanakalA paNa eTalI ja mohaka che. AnaMdapuranA eka khUNAnuM, naMdagirinuM, bhaiyAdAdAnI oraDInuM ke daravezanI jhUMpaDInuM tema ja, 'posTa oNphisamAM AvatuM pAchalI rAtanuM ane 'bhIkhu mAM prAraMbhanuM varNana vArtAne uThAva Ape che. amuka manodazA ke paristhiti AlekhatAM A varNano bhAvone sAkAra karavAnI sAthe citrAtmakatA

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| bhAvana-vibhAvanA lAve che. prakRtika jIvananI samRddhine chalakAvatAM 'pRthvI ane svarganAM varNano mulAyama vAtAvaraNa sarje che. 'goviMdanuM khetara' jevI navalikAomAM varNana khuda 'romaeNnTika' bane che, to vaLI dhUmaketunI navalikAomAM varNana idealized thaI jAya che. vAgye rAkhavAnuM mana thAya evAM keTalAMya varNano 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1mAMthI maLI Ave. dhUmaketunI varNanakalAnI Aja sudhI ghaNI prazaMsA thaI che. paNa e saMdarbhamAM vicArAyuM nathI ke A varNano vArtAno kharekhara upakAraka che ke nahi ? A saMdarbhamAM ema kahevuM joIe ke keTaleka sthaLe varNanonI nAnImoTI vigato sArtha banIne kathayitavya tarapha dorI jatI nathI. A varNano badhe arthapUrNa - TUMkIvArtAnI apekSAe - banatAM nathI. TUMkIvArtAmAM to ene upakAraka na hoya e badhuM ja enuM mAraka bane che. keTaleka sthaLe to dhUmaketune je vastu rajU karavI che, te mATe varNanano Azaro lIdhA vinA cAle tema nathI. navalikAno bhAvapariveza ja AnI mAgaNI kare che. 'kalpanAnI mUrtio' ke 'sonerI paMkhI mAMthI varNano kADhI nAkhIe to kazuM bace kharuM ? dhUmaketunI navalikAomAM Thera Thera sacoTa ane hRdayasparzI ciMtanakaNo maLe che. lekhakanI romenTika tAsIramAMthI AvAM ciMtanakaNo ke sUtro UpasI Ave che. "raja kaNamAM potAnA jIvananI vAta kahetA hoya e rIte dhUmaketu lakhe che : cAMdanI jevI kIrti Ave ke aMdhArA jevo apayaza Ave, mitro niMde ke mukha vakhANe, kaMI phikara nathI; jyAM sudhI kalpanAnI rANI haze; che tyAM sudhI mAruM pyAluM chalochala bhareluM che." dhUmaketunAM AvAM ciMtanakaNo para ravIndranAtha TAgora, khalila jibrAna ane umara khayyAmano ghaNo prabhAva che. khalila jibrAne vArtAkAra dhUmaketu enA vikhyAta sarjana "dha propheTa' vize potAnI mAnasika dazAnuM pRthakkaraNa karatAM lakhyuM, 'While I was writing the Prophet, the Prophet was writing me.' khalila jibrAnanuM A vAkya dhUmaketunuM priya vAkya hatuM ane e ja emanI romenTika prakRti vize ghaNuM badhuM kahI jAya che. aitihAsika dRSTie dhUmaketue navalikAnuM kalAsvarUpa ghaDI ApyuM. emaNe gujarAtI navalikAmAM ghaNI kSitijo ughADI ApI. enA bhAvanAzIla AdarzapremI pAtro AvatI kAlanI vadhu vAstavalakSI ane upayogitAlakSI duniyAnI paristhitimAM vadhu AkarSaNa kare to navAI pAmavA jevuM nathI. gujarAtI navalikAne enA ugamakALe ja AvA sarjaka maLyA te enuM mahAbhAgya kahevAya. vaLI ciMtana ane sarjananI abhivyaktimAM dhUmaketunuM gadya eka navo ja unmeSa pragaTa kare che. emanI vArtAomAM evuM kaMIka che ke jemAM ApaNane rasa paDe ane je ApaNane kheMcI rAkhe. TUMkI vArtAnA vastumAMthI mAnavatattva pakaDIne tene zabdabaddha karavAnI kaLA dhUmaketue batAvI che. jene vAMcIne AsvAdavAnuM mana thAya tevI TUMkIvArtA ApI che. dhUmaketunI navalikAonI ghaTanAmAM vizeSa baLa nathI. emanI vadhu kuzaLatA to ghaTanAmAMthI vistaratAM mAnavatattvone pakaDIne tenuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM Ave che. dhUmaketu pote potAnA sarjananI vivecakanI adAthI punaHtapAsaNI karatA hatA tevI noMdha dhUmaketunA putra dakSiNakumAra jozIe 'dhUmaketunI sarjanaprakriyAnI bhItaranI jhalaka' ApatAM karI che. dhUmaketu pote sarjanane pharI pharI cakAsavuM joIe ane tenA para raMdho pheravatA rahevuM joIe ema mAnatA hatA. dhUmaketunuM navalikAsarjana jotAM prazna e thAya che ke I. sa.

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100 bhAvana-vibhAvana 1926mAM 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1' pragaTa thayuM. e pachI emanA avasAna paryaMta eTale ke 1965 sudhI emanuM navalikAlekhana cAlu rahyuM. covIsa vArtAsaMgraha, 492 vArtAo ane Azare trepanaso pAnAMmAM A sAmagrI sacavAyelI che. 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1' pachI dhUmaketu pAsethI 'ratano DholI' jevI keTalIka noMdhapAtra vArtAo maLI. dhUmaketue navalikAmAM eka navo AraMbha karI Apyo chatAM cheka sudhI AraMbhamAM je rItanI navalikA lakhI te ja rIte lakhavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM. eka savAla evo thAya ke 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1' pachI dhUmaketunI TUMkIvArtAono vikAsa kema na thayo ? bIjI bAju 'dvirepha' satata prayogo karatA rahIne Avo vikAsa sAdhe che. Aje madhu rAya paNa A ja rIte navA navA prayogo satata karatA rahe che. e prayoga saphaLa thAya ke niSphaLa jAya e vAta judI che. dhUmaketue 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1' pragaTa karyuM e pachI 39 varSa sudhI navalikAlekhana satata cAlu rAkhyuM. Ama chatAM 'dvirepha'nI mAphaka viSaya ke TenikanA navA paDakArane jhIlavAno prayAsa emaNe karyo nathI. 'dvirepha'mAM Psychological theme maLe che. e samaye A prakAranA viSayavastu para navalikAnI racanA karavAnuM 'dvirepha'ne ja sUjhe. navalikAnA 'thIma'no je paDakAra 'dvirepha' ke jayaMti dalAla jhIle che te dhUmaketumAM dekhAto nathI. 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1' pachInI vArtAomAM kyAMka seTiMgsa badale che, paNa cetanAnA navA navA pradezo khUMdI vaLavAnuM sAhasa dhUmaketu karatA nathI. AnuM eka kAraNa e paNa hoI zake ke pote racelI eka Idealised sRSTimAM rahenAra sarjakane mATe A kAma muzkela hatuM. vaLI emanA pratyakSa paricayane kAraNe bIjuM kAraNa paNa kahI zakuM ane te che atilekhana. roja eka pharma jeTaluM lakhANa lakhAvuM ja joIe evo niyama teo rAkhatA hatA. dhUmaketumAM Urmitattva ane dvirephamAM buddhinuM tattva pradhAna che vArtAkAra dhUmaketu 101 e vAta sAcI. paNa ekalI buddhinI ramata vArtAne Tucako banAvI de che. ene atyaMta sthaLa evuM parimANa Ape che. TUMkIvArtAmAM to buddhi ane Urmi baMne joIe. buddhino UrminA aMkuza tarIke upayoga thato hoya tyAM uttama pariNAma Ave. dhUmaketu ane dvirephanI uttama vArtAomAM AvuM saMyojana jovA maLe che. 'mukuMdarAya' ke 'khemI' jevI vArtAomAM Urmitattva na hoya to tenI asara thaze kharI ? kAkAsAhebe eka sthaLe noMdhyuM che ke 'khemI' ane 'mukuMdarAya'nI nIce rA. vi. pAThakanI sahI na hoya to e vArtA dhUmaketunI ja lAge. paNa jyAM kevaLa buddhinI ja ramata hoya tyAM e navalikA banatI nathI. jemake 'dvirepha'nI 'eka prazna' e vArtA banatI nathI. enI sAme dhUmaketunI 'jumo bhistI' jevI nAnI vArtA joI zakAya. manuSyacitta ane manuSyahRdaya A baMnemAM caitanya che. e cetanAne vArtAmAM goThavatAM Urmi ane buddhinuM saMyojana thavuM joIe. navalikAmAM 'dvirepha' judI judI Teknika ajamAve che. judA judA prayogo kare che, je e pachInA jayaMti dalAla jevA lekhako mATe preraNArUpa banyA. jyAre dhUmaketunI navalikAonA cIle cAlIne bhavAnIzaMkara vyAse 'padadhvani' vArtAsaMgraha Apyo. kizanasiMha cAvaDAmAM dhUmaketunI lAgaNImayatAno paDagho saMbhaLAya che, paraMtu e mArge pachInI gujarAtI nalikA cAlI nathI. jyAre dvirephano phALo vizeSa che. evuM paNa hoya ke dhUmaketunuM anusaraNa karavuM pachInA lekhakone mATe muzkela banyuM hoya. A prakAranI navalikAmAM UrminuM stara na jaLavAya to te UrmimAMghamAM ja sarI paDe. dhUmaketunI jema ApaNA Urmikavi nhAnAlAlanuM paNa anusaraNa ochuM thayuM che. tarkathI navalikAnI racanA karavI saraLa che, paNa Urmitattvane avalaMbIne vArtAnI racanA karavI agharI che. A aMge gulAbadAsa brokarano pratibhAva jovA

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102 bhAvana-vibhAvana jevo che. potAnA vArtAsarjananA AraMbhanA samaya vize lakhatAM teo kahe che ke - "tyAre paNa manamAM eka bhAva to spaSTa che - vArtA lakhIza to dhUmaketu jevI to nathI ja lakhavI." "Avo bhAva sevavAmAM dhUmaketunI zaktinI avahelanA nathI. enuM bahumAna che. manamAM khAtarI ja che ke uparathI nIce pachaDAuM toye temanI bhASA, temanuM kAvya, temanuM kauvata mArA lakhANamAM Ave nahIM. to pachI zA mATe azakyane zakya banAvavAnI mahenata karavI ? ApaNane AvaDe ane ApaNane phAve evo ApaNo ja mArga ApaNe na zodhI levo ?" bIjo eka prazna e che ke dhUmaketunI badhI vArtAo ekasAthe vAMcI zakAya kharI ? emanA pahelA navalikAsaMgraha 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1thI mAMDIne emanA chellA navalikAsaMgraha 'chello jhabakAro' sudhInI kula 492 vArtAo to ekasAthe na vAMcI zakAya. taNakhA maMDaLanA cAra bhAga vAMcatAM emAM ekaraMgI punarAvartana ane ekavidhatA lAge che, jyAre 'dvirepha'mAM satata tAjagIno anubhava thAya che. Ama dhUmaketunI navalikAomAM sarjakacittane thayelo sauMdaryAbhimukhatA ane vAstavikatAno sparza anubhavAya che. jIvaMta pAtracitraNa ane sarjanAtmaka chaTAvALI gadyazailI AkarSaka bane che. sarjanavyApAranA sAcA phaLa jevI A navalikAo tIvra UrmikSobhane kAraNe sarjAyelI che ane tethI ja amuka maryAdA chatAM dhUmaketunI navalikAo sAhityanA paTa para sthira teje prakAzyA karaze emAM zaMkA nathI. cha aba TUTa gireMgI jhaMjIre pAkistAnanA phaijha ahamada phaijha ane bhAratanA phirAka gorakhapurI e ogaNIsamI sadInA be mahAna urdU kavi thaI gayA. 1971mAM bhArata ane pAkistAna vacce yuddha cAlatuM hatuM. phirAka gorakhapurI potAnA mitro sAthe besIne reDiyo parathI yuddhanA chellA ahevAlo sAMbhaLatA hatA. emaNe sAMbhaLyuM ke bhAratIya senA AgaLa vadhI rahI che tyAre phirAkanuM dezapremI dila ekAeka pokArI UThyuM, "basa, A ja kharo moko che. bhArate pAkistAnanAM zahero para baoNmbamAro zarU karI devo joIe." phirAkanA eka mitre jarA vedanAthI kahyuM, "phirAkasAheba, baoNmbamAro thAya, paNa eka baoNmba phaijha para paDe to ? baoNmbane saranAmuM hotuM nathI ane e koIne apavAda gaNato nathI."

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1n4 bhAvana-vibhAvanA A sAMbhaLatAM ja phirAka gorakhapurI becena banI gayA. potAnI jAtane niSphara banIne Thapako ApavA lAgyA, "are, A huM zuM bolyo ? mAre AvuM bolavuM joItuM nahotuM. yuddha vinAza vere che. saMskRtino nAza kare che." ane pachI phirAka lAMbA samaya sudhI parezAna rahyA. emane emanA dosta phaijha ahamada phajhanI yAda satAvavA lAgI. phejha ahamada phajhanI vidAye urdU kavitAne ghaNI gamagIna banAvI dIdhI. phejha urdU sAhityanI mahAna hastI hatA. cAra-cAra, dAyakA sudhI urdunI pragatizIla kavitAnA e agraNI rahyA. ikabAla urdU zAyarIne vIsamI sadInA vartamAna phalaka para lAvyA to phaijhe tene eka kadama AgaLa dhapAvI. ikabAla, hasarata ane bIjA urdU kavioe rAja kIya viSaya mATe urdUnI viziSTa kalpanAsRSTino upayoga karyo, paraMtu phejhe teno samAjavAdI ane rASTravAdI viSayomAM viniyoga karIne urdU sAhityane vartamAna jagatanI vedanA, jhaMkhanA ane ajaMpA sAthe sAMkaLI dIdhuM. jiMdagInA AkharI zvAsa sudhI teo samAjavAdanA cAhaka rahyA. ane garIbo, zoSito tathA kacaDAyelA mAnavIono avAja banI rahyA. phajhe jIvanabhara julma ane anyAyano sAmano karyo. kyAreka siddhAMtanI bAbatamAM koI samAdhAna na karyuM. anyAyanA pratikAra mATe emaNe mAtra kalama ja calAvI nathI, paraMtu 1930thI 1940 sudhI TreDa yuniyanamAM kAmagIrI paNa bajAvI. pAkistAnanI sarakAre emane rAvaLapiMDI payaMtra kesamAM bheLavIne kavino avAja damanathI kharIdavAno prayAsa karyo.1951nI eprilathI 1955 sudhI emane sukara, karAMcI ane lAhoranI jelamAM kArAvAsamAM rAkhavAmAM AvyA. aba TUDha gireMgI jhuM jIre sAme phAMsIno phaMdo laTakato hato tyAre phejha jelanI ekalatA, potAnI sAme karAyelA AroponI pokaLatA ane rAja kIya hetu mATe UbhA karAyelA banAvaTI payaMtra - vize kAvyo lakhyAM. ahIM emane kurAna sivAya koI kitAba ApavAmAM AvatI nahotI. akhabAra, sAmayika ke koI pustako to zuM, paraMtu lakhavAnI kalama paNa ApavAmAM AvatI nahotI. pote kazuM lakhI zakatA nahIM ane bahArathI koIno patra ke saMdezo emanI pAse AvI zakato nahIM. A sthitinI vedanA pragaTa karatAM kavie lakhyuM che - matA-e-lauha-o-kalama' china gaI to kyA gama hai; ki khUne dila meM Dubo lI hai ugaliyA~ maine ! jubAM pe muhara lagI hai to kyA; ki 2 kha dI hai hareka hala ka-jhaMjIra me* juba maine ! phrajha para dezadrohano Aropa mUkavAmAM Avyo. roja spezyala Tribyunala sAme hAjara thavuM paDe. atyaMta kharAba bhojana maLe, Ama chatAM A krAMtikArI kavino AtmA damana, ekalatA ke pralobhana AgaLa namyo nahIM. eNe jelamAM beThA beThA e kalatA vize kAvyo lakhyAM. urdU sAhityamAM tanhAInuM Alekhana to Thera Thera maLe che, paraMtu phajhanI kavitAmAM tanhAI koI juduM ja rUpa dhAraNa kare che. ekalatA akaLAvanArI hoya tyAre phajhane e ekalatA preyasInA mulAyama sparzanI yAda Ape che ane AkAzamAM cAMdanI vakratA joIne preyasI na hovA chatAM enA gaLAmAM hAtha vIMTALI devAnuM kavine mana thAya che. 1, kalama ane takhtI (kAgaLarUpI nidhi) 2 jaMjIranI pratyeka kaDImAM

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- 100 bhAvana-vibhAvanA 'tanhAI meM kyA kyA na tujhe yAda kiyA hai kyA kyA na dile jAra ne DhaMDhI hai panAhe ! AMkhoM se lagAyA hai kabhI daste sabA ko DAlI hai kabhI gardane mahatAba meM* bAheM !' phaijhanI ekalatAmAM sauMdarya che, to enA sauMdaryadarzanamAM mAnavaabhIpsA che. emanI kavitAmAM praNayanI lAlI ane krAMtino lAla raMga eka banI jAya che. kavi baMne manobhAvane sAhajikatAthI ane AgavI chaTAthI nirUpe che. emanI krAMtinI Aga praNayanA lAvAmAM rUpAMtara pAmI che. eka bAju UrmikavinI vedanA ane vyathA che, to bIjI bAju krAMtikArIno pokAra ane paDakAra che. praNayanuM emanuM Alekhana ghaNuM najAkatabharyuM che. emanI uttama kakSAnI romaeNnTika kavitAne maheMdI hasanano surIlo avAja maLatAM badhe ja phelAI gaI. teo urdUnI klAsikala imagerynA cAhaka hatA. emanI kavitAmAM emaNe urdU kavitAnI paraMparA ane bhASASTine AtmasAt karI che. gAliba ane ikabAlanI bhASAno samRddha vAraso phaijhe sAcavyo che. phejhanI bhASA e hiMdustAnI nathI, badhe urdUnA arabI-phArasI sAthenA anusaMdhAnane pragaTa karatI bhASA che. kavinI praNayanI abhivyakti urdU sAhityanI paraMparAnI yAda Ape tevI che. teo kahe che - 'sArI duniyA se dUra ho jAye jo jarA tere pAsa ho baiThe ; na gaI terI berU khI na gaI hama terI ArajhU bhI kho baiThe." AvI ja rIte premikAnI yAdano emano eka ze'ra kevo lAkSaNika che ! 3. ThaMDI havAnA hAthane, 4. caMdramAnI DokamAM aba TUTa gipheMgI jIre rAta nyU dila tirI khoI huI yAda AI jaise vIrAne meM cupake se bahAra A jAye; jaise saherAo meM hale se cale bAge-nasIma jese bImAra ko be vajaha karAra A jAye. priyatamAnI yAda kaI rIte Ave che tene darzAvavA mATe phaijhanI kalpanA kevI marmavedhaka che ! phejhanI kAvyabhASAnI vizeSatA ja e che ke enA kAvyamAM bhAva ane bhASA baMne saraLatAthI gati karatAM hoya che. phrajhamAM kyAMya kliSTatA ke durbodhatA jovA nahIM maLe. AnuM kAraNa e ke phejhane prajAjIvana sAthe sIdho saMbaMdha hato. janatAnI jabAnanA teo pUrA jANakAra hatA. phrajha kAzmIra gayA. enuM sauMdarya joyuM, paNa emane kudaratanA sauMdarya karatAM mAnavasauMdarya vadhu AkarSaka lAgyuM. phaija mAnatA hatA ke aphATa sAgara ke verAna raNa ke prakRtinAM anya tattvomAM sauMdarya che, paraMtu evuM ja sauMdarya, zaheranAM galI-mahollAmAM paNa che. mAtra ene jovA mATe viziSTa dRSTi joIe. AthI praNayakavitAmAM romenTika udveka dAkhavanAra kavi praNayamAM ja puruSArthanI samApti mAnatA nathI. praNaya karatAM paNa bIjAM kartavyo UMce sthAne mUke che. AthI ja phaijha kahe che, "mujhase pahalI sI muhobbata mirI mahabUba na mAMga' ane A kAvyamAM kavi kahe che ke emaNe to preyasImAM ja badhuM joyuM hatuM. jIvanano prakAza enAmAM joyo. jagatanA AnaMdanuM sthAyitva tenAmAM nIrakhyuM. enI AMkhomAM ja AkhuM vizva lAdhyuM. tuM maLI jAya to badhuM ja maLI jAya ema mAnyuM hatuM, paNa pachI khyAla Ave che ke, "aura bhI du:kha he jamAne meM muhabbata ke sivA'. A kAvyamAM phaijha 'pahelI sI' zabda para bhAra mukyo che. kavinI najara praNayanI aMgata lAgaNIo parathI jagatanI

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108 bhAvana-vibhAvana vedanA para Thare che. phaijhe eka mitra samakSa potAno manobhAva vyakta karatAM kahyuM hatuM ke emaNe rUpa, javAnI, hoTha ane AMkho para prema karyo paraMtu e pachI emanI naja2 samAjanI sAcI vAstavikatA tarapha vaLI. julma, atyAcAra ane garIbI joI. mRtyuthI paNa badatara jIvana jIvanArA hajAro mAnavIo joyA ane e samaye emane evo anubhava thayo ke mAtra huzna sAthe ja prema karavAno nathI, paraMtu A dalita ane patItane cAhavAnA che ane emanAM gIta gAvAnAM che. phaijhe emanI zAyarImAM eziyAI mAnavInA sauMdaryanuM Alekhana karyuM. phaijha eka evo mAnavI hato ke jenA hRdaya para sitArAnI mAphaka hajAro ja camakI rahyA hatA. rAvaLapiMDInI jelamAM emaNe lakhyuM - 'laMbI huM gamakI zAma, magara zAma hI to hai" phaijhanI khoja mukta mAnavanI hatI. emaNe mAnavInA zoSaNa ane vedanAno upAya samAjavAdI vicArasaraNImAM joyo, paraMtu paraMparAnI bhUmimAM A sarjakanAM mULiyAM eTalAM UMDAM gayAM hatAM ke koI rAjakIya pavana emane halAvI ke lalacAvI zakyo nahIM. phaijhanI kavitAe urdU sAhityamAM moTuM parivartana ANyuM. phaijha eka bAju Urmikavi tarIke ghaNuM UMcuM sthAna meLave che to bIjI bAju emaNe mAnavIya mUlyonI pratiSThA karI. mAnavI para thatA dareka prakAranA julma, zoSaNa, anyAya, atyAcAra, johukamI ane saramukhatyArI sAme phaijhe jIvanabhara saMgharSa kheDyo. mAzUkAnA izkamAM sarvasva samarpaNa karanAra AzikanI mAphaka samAjavAdanI mAzukAnI teoe zabdarUpe ekaniSTha upAsanA karI. kyAreka vedanAthI, kyAreka chaTAthI, to kvacit kaThora vANImAM phaijha kahe che - aba TUTa gireMgI jhaMjIr bAma-e-saravata ke khuzanazInoM se ajhamate carma nama kI bAta karo ! jAna jAyeMge jAnanevAle 'phaijha' pharahAda o jama kI bAta karo ! 109 [ aizvaryanI uttuMga aTTAlikAomAM prasanna AvAsa karavAvALAonI AgaLa AMsubharI AMkhonA gauravanI garimAno prasaMga raco. samajadAra samajI jaze phaijha, jarA pharahAda jevA majUra ane jamazeda jevA bAdazAhanI carcA karo arthAt pharahAdano prema Aje paNa amara che jyAre jamazedanI bAdazAhatanuM nAmanizAna maLatuM nathI. ] phaijha sAhityakArane samAjanI sAthe be rIte joDAyelo mAnatA hatA. eka vyakti tarIke ane bIjo sAhityakAra tarIke. samAjanA koI paNa nAgarika jevI javAbadArI to sAhityakAre adA karavAnI che, paNa bIjI viziSTa javAbadArI paNa sAhityakAre bajAvavAnI che je sAhityakAranI kalA sAthe saMbaMdhita che. Ama sAhityakArane mAthe bevaDI javAbadArI che. A baMne saMbaMdho ekabIjA sAthe gUMthAyelA che ane tethI koI sAhityakAra ema kahe ke mAruM kAma to mAtra sAhityasauMdaryanAM mUlyonuM jatana karavAnuM ja che ane pravartamAna samAja sAthe mAre koI saMbaMdha nathI to e mAnyatAno phaijha virodha kare che. sAhityakAre vyakti tarIke samAjanA vikAsa ane parivartananI khevanA karavAnI hoya che ane koI paNa prakAranuM 'poeTika lAyasansa' AmAMthI sAhityakArane bAkAta rAkhI zake nahIM. phaijha e bAbatamAM spaSTa hatA ke kavie enA ekadaMDiyA mahelamAMthI bahAra AvIne AsapAsanI mAnavayAtanAno khyAla karavo joIe. joke teo mAnatA hatA ke kavitAe enA sauMdarya ane kalAne jALavavAnAM hoya che. pracAra ke evI bIjI paLojaNathI eNe dUra rahevuM joIe.

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bhAvana-vibhAvana A UrmikavinI kavitAmAM maMtramugdha karI denArI saMgItamayatA che. phaijhanI kavitAmAM urdUnI paraMparAgata praNayakavitAmAM 'rakIba'ne khalanAyaka tarIke rajU karavAmAM Avato hato. e rakIba pratye krodha, tiraskAra, ghRNA jevA bhAvo kavi pragaTa karato, paraMtu phaijhe '2kIba se' nAmanA kAvyamAM eka navo ja pragatizIla dRSTikoNa Apyo. jemAM kavi rakIbane kahe che. A premathI ApaNe baMne zuM zuM zIkhyA ane zuM zuM pAmyA - AjajhI sIkhI, garIboM kI himAyata sIkhI 110 yAso hiramAna ke, dukha darda ke mAnI sIkhe jaira doM ke masAyaba ko samajhanA sIkhA / sade AhIM ke, rukhe jarda ke mAnI sIkhe phaijha urdUnI klAsikala kavitAno badho ja asabAba apanAve che. phaijha irakane paNa be arthamAM prayoje che. emanI kavitA do izkamAM prAraMbhamAM izkane vicAradhArA ke saMgharSanA prema sAthe joDe che ane pachI mahabUbAnA izka sAthe joDe che. Ama eka pratIka paraMparAgata arthamAM Ave che, jyAre bIjuM pratIka navIna sAmAjika saMdarbhane rajU kare che. phaijhe enI kavitAmAM AvAM paraMparAvAdI pratIkone kalAmayatAthI sAmAjika ke rAjakIya pratIka tarIke prayojyAM che. enI zailImAM komaLa, maMda gati che. enuM zabdonuM cayana jhabharyuM che. kavinI zraddhA samAjavAdamAM hatI, paraMtu sarjana samaye to teo pragatizIla kavi lAgavAne badale gAliba ane ikabAlanI ucca kAvyapraNAlIne naja2mAM rAkhIne gahana tattvaciMtanamAM DUbyA hoya tevA kavi lAge che. phaijhanI kavitAmAM mystic tattva paNa jovA maLe che. Ama eka bAju vyaktigata Arajhuno taraphaDATa che. to bIjI bAju samAjanA besahArA lokonI vedanA che. eka tarapha mAnavIya bhAvonI raMgalIlA che, to aba TUTa gireMgI saMjIr bIjI tarapha samAjavAdI vicArasaraNInI prabhAvakatA che. praNayakavitA ane kAvyabhASAmAM phaijha klAsikala lAge che to enA kAvyaviSaya paratve Adhunika jaNAya che. Ama be taddana virodhI dhruva phaijhamAM ekasAthe ane kyAMka lagolaga lAge che. AthI ja phaijhane Iyrisist revolutionary jevA virodhI zabdothI oLakhavAmAM AvyA haze. phaijhano avAja e mAnavajAtino avAja banI rahyo. emanI A vizvajanInatAne lIdhe mAtra pAkistAna ke bhAratamAM ja nahIM, balke raziyA, amerikA, briTana ane phrAMsamAM paNa samAna lokacAhanA pAmyA. thoDo samaya pAkistAnamAM saramukhatyArothI kaMTALIne teo bairutamAM rahevA gayA hatA. bairutano saMhAra phaijhanA hRdayane hacamacAvI gayo, ane emaNe e samaye lakheluM kAvya 'philIstInI bacce ke liye lorI' atyaMta hRdayadrAvaka kAvya che. eka rIte joIe to phaijhe ikabAlanI ojasvI kalpanAne AtmasAt karI ane e evA laya ane raMgamAM rajU karI jethI jagatanI vyApaka vedanA emAM samAveza pAmI zake. 111 phaijhamAM izka ane insAniyatano sumeLa che. enI gajhalo bhAvakane enI sRSTimAM lIna karI de tevI rasasaMtarpaka che to enI najama (kAvya) urdUnI sarvottama najamanI haroLamAM UbhI rahe tevI che. AthI e gajhala lakhavA jAya che tyAre emanI najamanI vizeSatA gajhalamAM suMdara kAvyarUpa dhAraNa kare che. phaijhe urdU sAhityane ciMtana ane bhAvAbhivyaktinI navI Teknika ApI, je yuganA yathArthane pragaTa karavA mATe kAragata nIvaDI. phaijhanA kAvyasaMgraho 'nakaze phariyAdI' (1941), 'daste-sabA' (1952), 'jindAMnAmA' (1956), 'dastetahe-saMga' (1964), 'sare-vAdiya-sInA' (1971), 'zAme-zahereyArAM' (1978), 'sAre sukhuna hamAre' (1982) ane 'naktA hai vaphA' (1984) maLe che. phaijha vicArottejaka nibaMdhakAra paNa hatA.

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112 bhAvana-vibhAvanA emaNe sAhitya, saMskRti ane rAjakAraNanA AMtarasaMbaMdho vize mArmika vizleSaNa karyuM che tema ja yuddha ane zAMtinI samasyAo para gaMbhIra paryeSaNAo karI che. 'mIjhAna' (1963) e emano lekhasaMgraha che, to 'salIbuM mere darIce meM' (1971) e emanI patnI elisa phejhane lakhelA patrono saMgraha che. 'pAkistAna TAimsa' ane 'imarojha" dvArA gaMbhIra patrakAratva ane ucca kakSAnuM saMpAdanakArya karyuM. vizvabaMdhutvanI bhAvanAne daDha karavA ane zAMtiprayAsone vegavAna banAvavA mATe emaNe aneka dezonI yAtrA karI. agaNita mAnavonA hRdayamAM dharabAyelI vedanAne vAcA ApatA A kavi krAMtinuM elAna kare che. jyAM sudhI pRthvI para anyAya ane AtaMka pravarte che tyAM sudhI phrejhano akSaradeha marajIvAone krAMti ane vidrohanI preraNA pUrI pADaze. sAta rA. vi. pAThakakRta "buddhivijaya' vArtAlekhana e zrI rA. vi. pAThakanI mukhya sAhityika pravRtti nahotI, tema chatAM emanAmAM rahela naisargika vArtAkAra pAsethI thoDI, paNa mUlyavAna navalikAo maLe che. teo Ane 'vAto' kahe che. enuM eka kAraNa e che ke nirUpaNa navalikAnuM hovA chatAM kathanamAM vAta kahenArano viThaMbha ane anaupacArika nikaTatA dekhAya che. emanI vArtAomAM koI ne koI rahasya garbhita hoya che. A rahasya eTale emanA mate jIvanano amuka vastu taraphano lAgaNImaya - bhAvAtmaka saMbaMdha. 'buddhivijaya'mAM dhArmikatAnA svAMga heThaLa aihika mahattA meLavavAnI tAlAvelI dekhAya che. tyAgapUta dharmamaya jIvanane badale camatkArika siddhinA sastA pradarzanamAM ane e dvArA dharmapracAranI ghelachAnI manovRtti buddhivijayanA pAtramAM AlekhAya che.

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1pa 114 bhAvana-vibhAvanA 'buddhivijayanuM vastu sarjakacittanI nIpaja che. madhyayugIna vAtAvaraNanA parivezamAM mukAyuM hovA chatAM emAM koI dharmakathAno AdhAra levAmAM Avyo nathI. jyotiSanA phaLanI ane suvarNavarNa prayoganI kalpanA jainadharma ke anya koI dharmanI khAsa nathI chatAM paraMparAmAM sAmAnyapaNe anusmRta che. teno lAbha laIne lekhake ahIM kalpanAnuM pravartana thavA dIdhuM che. vaLI 'dvirephanI vAto" bhAga-3mAM prastAvanAne aMte teoe evI noMdha paNa mUkI che ke, "ATavika ane aDAyA vacce je saMbaMdha batAvelo che te paNa kAlpanika gaNavo. aDAyu" zabda sAtrimAMthI ja Avyo che ema kahevAno uddeza nathI." Ama AkhuMye kathAvastu e sarjaka-pratibhAnuM cAru phaLa che ane emAMthI gujarAtI sAhityane eka namUnedAra ghaTanApradhAna vArtA sAMpaDe che. navalikAnuM zIrSaka 'buddhivijaya' hovA chatAM ApaNe ene buddhivijayanA vyaktitvanI vArtA nahIM kahI zakIe. buddhivijaya e ghaTanAnuM eka aMga banIne Ave che. AmAM banatI ghaTanA ja ghaNI mahattvanI che ane enA sAMdhe sAMdhA meLavatA jaIne dvirephe vArtArasa jamAvyo che. Ameya dvirephane mate banAvo vinAnI vArtA e hADakAM vinAnA deha jevI che. banAvo vArtAnuM vAtAvaraNa ghaDavA ane vArtAnAM pAtronI paristhiti ghaDavA Ave che ane A banAvo kudaratI ke manuSyAta, je hoya te, paNa svAbhAvika lAgavA joIe evuM dvirephanuM mAnavuM che. gurunI eka bhUla ziSyanA vinAza sudhI kevI rIte UtarI tenuM judA judA banAvo dvArA emaNe Alekhana karyuM che. zrI jayaMti dalAla dvirephanI vArtAzailInI 'kuzaLa sarjananI saphaLa zastrakriyA' sAthe karelI sarakhAmaNI yAda Ave che. vimalazIlane tyAM thayelA rA. vi. pAThakakRta 'buddhivijaya' putrajanmanI vadhAmaNI ane AcArya tapovijayajI vimalazIla pAse putra mAMgI le che te vArtAnuM prathama ghaTaka che, jeno kramazaH visphoTa vArtAnA aMta sudhImAM thAya che. ethIya vizeSa to nagarazeTha vimalazIlane tyAM dIkarInuM mAthuM laIne Ave che tyAre vimalazIla emanI AgaLa jinadAsa vizenuM je rahasya skuTa kare che te bhaviSyanI vAta A vArtAnuM mahattvanuM ghaTaka che. A ghaTanAthI ghaNI vyaktionA citta para bhinna bhinna pratibhAva jAge che. vimalazIlane to pAkI zraddhA che ke jinadAsa dIkSA leze ane jinazAsanano pratApI dhAraka banaze. AvuM thavAnuM ja che evI vimalazIlane deDha pratIti che. bIjI bAju jinadAsanA cittamAM be prabaLa vRttiono saMgharSa jAge che. eka bAju strIone AkarSI zake tevAM taptakAMcana varNanuM abhimAna ane bIjI bAju saMnyAsa laIne jainazAsananA dhAraka thavAnI mahecchA. paraMtu vimalazIla AnAkAnI vagara, jinadAsane dIkSA ApavA taiyAra hoya che, tyAre tapovijayajI laMbAvyuM jAya che. tapovijayajInI nA pADavAnI vAta vArtArasane uttejavAmAM ghaNI sahAyabhUta bane che. emaNe zA mATe nA pADI ? to eno javAba e hato ke emaNe dhAryuM tenA karatAM jinadAsanA manano vaLAMka judo hato. sAmAnya rIte ghaTanA bane ane navalikAmAM nATyAtmaka vaLAMka Ave tevuM banatuM hoya che, paNa ahIM dvirephanI vizeSatA e che ke nAnI nAnI ghaTanAthI vArtAne barAbara vaLa caDAve che. jemake jinadAsa dIkSA letI vakhate tapovijayajIne pUche che ke, "hamaNAM dIkSA levAthI ApanA jevuM jyotiSajJAna mane maLaze ?" Ama jinadAsano rasa dharma karatAM jyotiSajJAnamAM vizeSa che ane emAM ja rahe che. ene tapa karatAM tejamAM vadhu rasa che. dharmapracAra karI potAnI kIrti phelAvavI

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16 bhAvana-vibhAvanA che. tyAgathI nahIM paNa phalajyotiSathI sarvane cakita karavA che. loko AgaLa siddhi ke camatkAra mUkIne to teo dharma tarapha AkarSAya che. evI mAnyatA buddhivijayamAM ghara karI gaI che, paNa bane che evuM ke je vastu tapovijayajI tyajavAnuM kahe che e ja vastu teo buddhivijayane Ape che. AmAM ja tapovijayajInA jIvananI vidhivaktA rahelI che. rAjA para prabhAva pADavA buddhivijaya prayatna kare che. lokeSaNA dharmaSaNA para kAbu meLave che. buddhivijaye guru pAsethI jJAna meLavyuM, gurunA graMtho vAMcyA, gurue Apelo artha pAmyo paNa gurunI cetavaNI vIsarI jatAM kevuM viparIta pariNAma Avaze teno ene khyAla na rahyo. rAjAne siddhino camatkAra batAvavAnA AzayathI buddhivijaya suvarNavarNano prayoga karyo e vArtAnuM mukhya saMgharSabindu bane che. tene pariNAme vArtAnA aMta tarapha jatAM vadhAre ne vadhAre vaLAMko Ave che. 'dvirephanI vAto' bhAga-2 lakhatI vakhate lekhakanuM mAnasa ane dRSTikoNa badalAyAM hatAM. teo ema mAnatA hatA ke, jagatamAM kyAMya evI jagAe aniSTa raheluM che ke tenI pAse mANasa lAcAra, nirupAya hoya che. mANasamAM evAM guDha aMdha baLo rahelA che jenI AgaLa vyakti bicArI kazuM ja karI zakatI nathI, ane UMTa nakalathI dorAya tema, ziSyanI vRttine jANatA hovA chatAM enA mAyAvI vyaktitvane palaTI zakatA nathI. bIjI bAju je jyotiSane teo mithyAzruta kahe che e ja jyotiSane AdhAre vimalazIlanA putra vize bhaviSyavANI uccAravAnuM pralobhana choDI zakatA nathI. jinadAsane paNa dIkSA laIne paNa evuM ja jyotiSajJAna meLavavAnI icchA hoya che. je pralobhanano guru zikAra thayA temAMthI teo ziSyane kaI rIte pAcho vALI zake ? tapovijayajI je nAnakaDI lAlacanI nirbaLatAno rA. vi. pATaMkakRta 'budrivijaya" 113 zikAra thayA, e lAlaca ja buddhivijayanA patananuM kAraNa bane che. buddhivijaya enuM jJAna kAmyakAmanAo siddha karavA mATe prayoje che. AraMbhamAM ja eno nirdeza gurune thaI gayo hovA chatAM ene pAcho vALI zakatA nathI. UlaTuM, enA vinAzanuM nimitta bane che. tapovijayajIe mithyAzruta jyotiSane AdhAre jinadAsa vize gaNita karyuM na hota to ? vaLI e jANyA pachI paNa emaNe vimalazIla AgaLa mahAna dIkSAyoganI vAta karI na hota to ? ethIya vizeSa to nagarazeTha sAthe vimalazIla vAtacIta karatA hatA te jinadAse sAMbhaLI na hota to ? vaLI e sAMbhaLyA pachI paNa jinadAse enuM yogya rIte ArthaghaTana karyuM hota to te sAcuM saMyamI jIvana pAmI zakyo hota, paNa saMsArano tyAga karyo hovA chatAM nAnakaDI evI lisA mAnavInA patananuM kevuM kAraNa bane che, te lekhake ahIM darzAvyuM. buddhivijaya enI kAmanA siddha karavA mATe jALAM racI rahyo che, paNa aMte e pote ja potAnA jALAmAM sapaDAI jAya che. enI camatkArika siddhi ja enA vinAzanuM kAraNa bane che. ATavika prayoga nahIM karavAnI gurue ApelI zikhAmaNa siddhi ane pracAranA toramAM e hAsyAspada gaNe che ane e ja prayoga buddhivijayanuM mRtyu notare che. Ama, manuSyajIvananAM rahasyonI saMkulatA AmAMthI samajAya che. buddhivijayanI saghaLI AkAMkSA, sattA, zakti ane kIrti nimitta AgaLa kevI sAmAnya puravAra thAya che ! A navalikAmAM tapovijayajI ane buddhivijaya baMnenA jIvanamAM AvAM 'gUDha aMdha baLo'nuM pravartana jovA maLe che. ' kapilarAya' navalikAmAM sAmAnya lekhanazakti dharAvato mAnavI adamya AkAMkSA ane atizaya ahamUne kAraNe pAgala banI

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mAna-vibhAvanA jAya che tenuM kaTAkSamaya citra dvirephe ApyuM che, to 'buddhivijaya'mAM aihika sukha, aMgata vAsanAo ane AtmavaMcanA mATe siddhi ane camatkAra pAchaLa AMdhaLI doTa mUkanArano kevo karuNa aMta Ave che enuM citra ApyuM che. je vAta 'kapilarAyamAM hAsyakaTAkSathI karelI che, te ja ahIM gaMbhIra ane karuNApreraka ciMtanathI karI che. navalikAmAM buddhivijayanA janmathI aMtakALa sudhInI avadhinuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che, paraMtu enAthI vArtA buddhivijayanuM caritracitraNa banI jatI nathI. enuM mukhya kAraNa to e che ke tapovijaya ane buddhivijayanA cittanI aneka bhinna bhinna sthitio AlekhIne mAnavacittanAM judAM judAM starone kholI ApyAM che. tapovijayajInI AzA ane ene viphaLa karatI buddhivijayanI mahattvAkAMkSA baMne ekasAthe gati kare che. vArtAnI ghaTanAo dIve dIvo peTAya ema eka pachI eka bane che. kyAMya A ghaTanApradhAna vArtAmAM kRtakatA jaNAtI nathI. svAbhAvika gatie ja cAlatI A ghaTanAonuM vizeSa ane asarakAraka tattva te emAM AvatuM dramatic element che. ghaTanAnA AvA nATyAtmaka nirUpaNathI paNa eka coTa sadhAya che. dvirepha ghaTanAno artha koI sthaLa ghaTanA karatA nathI. teo kahe che, "amuka pariNAma khAtara jANe banAva banyo che ema na lAgavuM joIe paNa e banAva ne e pariNAma eka ja nirmANathI banyAM che ema lAgavuM joIe."* A navalikAmAM kyAMya lekhake potAnA taraphathI kazuM mUkyA vinA vastune ja evI rIte vikasAvyuM che rA. vi. pAThakakRta 'budrivijaya" 119 ke eka pachI eka banAva mAnavInI vRttinA uchALAnI sAthosAtha uttejanAtmaka vaLAMko leto leto AgaLa vadhe che. mopAsAM ke hemiMgvanI navalikAnI vastugUMthaNI ahIM yAda AvI jAya, kyAMya koI yukti lekhakane ajamAvavI paDatI nathI. judA judA prasaMgono e saMdarbha racIne eka gatizIla ghaTanAne AkAra Apyo che. AthI A vArtAnuM svarUpavidhAna eka dhIMgI vArtAnuM che. emAM kyAMya ApaNane avAstavika ke kRtrima rIte besADelo sAMdho jovA maLato nathI. vArtAnA rahasyanI AsapAsa pAtronI vigato, banAvonI ghaTamALa, paristhitimAMthI nIpajatuM ciMtana evAM to goThavAI gayAM che ke kyAMya lekhakane vArtAnI vacce AvIne kazuM kahevuM paDatuM nathI. AmAM jIvanadarzanano kyAMya bhAra lAgato nathI. lekhaka je kutUhalathI jvALAmukhI sAme jue che, e ja kutUhalathI jUInA phUla sAme paNa jue che. Ama, ciMtana nakarA ciMtanarUpe AvatuM nathI, paraMtu vArtAmAM ApameLe gUMthAI jAya che. AthI ja dvirephanI navalikAomAM prAsAdiktA ane gahanatAno vilakSaNa anubhava thAya che. emanI dRSTi philasUphanI che. mAnavamananI raMgalIlAne te pragaTa kare che. anAkula banIne pAtramAnasanuM manovizleSaNa kare che. te kyAreya lAgaNInA pUramAM taNAyA nathI. pote paNa nahIM ane ghaNuMkharuM pAtro paNa nahIM. Ane kAraNe navalikAmAM akAraNa Avega ke AkulatA AvatAM nathI. A ja navalikA dhUmaketue lakhI hota to kevI rIte lakhAI hota, te vicAravuM rasaprada che. emaNe ekAda Urmine kendramAM rAkhIne jhINI vigato ke manovizleSaNa javA daIne pAtranI karuNatA kadAca upasAvI hota ! navalikAnI kathanarIti ghaNI noMdhapAtra che. tarkanA aMkoDA meLavIne e AgaLa vadhe che. A tarkabaLa vArtAgata rahasyanA surekha zilpavidhAnamAM mahattvano phALo Ape che. 1. *sAhityavimarza'. le. zrI rA. vi. pAThaka, pR. 148

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121 120 bhAvana-vibhAvana buddhivijaya' navalikAmAM jainadharmanI paribhASAne kAraNe vArtAne classical touch maLe che. vAtAvaraNane anurUpa svAbhAvikatA lAvavA mATe lekhake jainadharmazAstranI paribhASAno ane vidhividhAnano amuka sthAno para upayoga karyo che. dvirepha eka jAgrata sarjaka che ane eno khyAla to A vArtA pahelAM 'zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya rajata mahotsava smAraka graMtha'mAM pragaTa thaI ane pachI 'dvirephanI vAto' bhAga-3mAM graMthastha karI te daramiyAna emaNe A vArtAmAM karelA sudhArA parathI Ave che. sauthI moTo pheraphAra prathama peregrAphamAM karyo che. 'zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya rajata mahotsava smAraka graMtha mAM A pramANe che - "vyAkhyAna pUruM thayuM. AcArya tapovijayajI ThavaNI parathI bAkInAM pAnAM dhIre hAtha laI, pothI bAMdhI UbhA thaI, potAnA khaMDa tarapha dhIme pagale cAlavA mAMDyA. rastAmAM haMmeza mAphaka dvAra AgaLa UbhA rahI badhA jatA mANasone "dharmalAbha' kahevA lAgyAM. haMmezanI peThe mahArAja ne aMdaranA khaMDa sudhI mUkavA javA nagaranA bhAvika zeTha vimalazIla dvAra AgaLa UbhA hatA, temane paNa temaNe chevaTe ahIM ja "dharmalAbha' kahyo tyAre temaNe vinayathI kahyuM : "AvuM chuM ne ? " jyAre 'dvirephanI vAto" bhAga-3mAM A mujaba che : vyAkhyAna pUruM thayuM. AcArya tapovijayajI vyAkhyAnanuM cAlu pAnuM dhIrethI graMthamAM goThavI, pothI bAMdhI UbhA thaI, potAnA rA. vi. pAThakakRta 'buddhivijaya' khaMDa tarapha dhIme pagale cAlavA mAMDyA. cAlatA cAlatA, mArgamAM bhAvathI sAmuM jonArane amRtamaya dRSTithI vidAya-AzIrvAda ApatA, ane vaMdanA karatA zrAvakone vaikharIthI 'dharmalAbha" kahetAM, nagaranA bhAvika zeTha vimalazIla UbhA hatA tyAM teo AvI pahoMcyA. vimalazIla haMmeza mahArAjane aMdaranA khaMDa sudhI mUkavA jatA ane be ghaDI mahArAjano vizeSa satsaMga sAdhI pachI jatA. temanI sAme paNa Aje temaNe vidAyanI dRSTi karI tyAre temaNe vinayathI kahyuM : "AvuM chuM ne ?" vimalazIla AcArya mahArAjane anukULatAe padhAravA ane AThame varSe jarUra padhAravA vinaMtI kare che tyAre mULamAM (zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya rajata mahotsava smAraka graMthamAM) tapovijayajI 'dharmalAbha' kahe che tene badale pustakamAM ('dvirephanI vAto" bhAga-3) "yathAvartamAna' zabda mUkyo che, te jainazAstra pramANe vadhu ucita che. AvI ja rIte muLamAM tapovijayajI 'pAMca varasa pachI pharI AvavA kahI pAchA vihAre cAlyA gayA" (pR. 171) ema che. jyAre vArtAsaMgrahamAM 'pAMca varasa pachI vicAra karIzuM kahI teo pAchA vihAre cAlyA gayA' tema che. AvI ja rIte 'buddhivijaya potAnI sarvasaMpatti ane zaktinA pradarzanapUrvaka gocarIe gayelo" tene badale vArtAsaMgrahamAM 'buddhivijaya potAnA sarva upaskaraNa ane zaktinA pradarzanapUrvaka gocarIe gayelo' ema maLe che. 2. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya rajata mahotsava smAraka graMtha, I. sa. 1915 1940. prakAzaka : mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, pR. 170 nagaranA koTipatinI dIkarI buddhivijaya para mohita thayAnI vAta sAMbhaLI du:kha ane dhRNA sAthe tapovijayajI kahe che, "ATaATalA

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mAvana-vibhAvanA 23 22. divasathI tene kahuM chuM ke tAro mela samaja , ne tene kSINa kara tene badale, tArA ja nahIM paNa mArA saMyamajIvana upara paNa pANI pheravavA beTho che !'' (pR. 173) Ane badale vArtAsaMgrahamAM (pR. 160) tapovijayajI kahe che. "ATaATalA divasathI tane kahuM chuM ke tAro mela samaja , ne tene kSINa kara. tene badale, tuM tArA saMyamajIvana upara paNa pANI pheravavA beTho che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa AkhA zAsananI hIlanA kare che te samaje che ?" A badhA pheraphAro zAstrIya dRSTie vadhu yogya che. jyAre chellA pheraphAramAM to navalikAnA marmane paNa lekhake vizeSa pragaTa karyo che. dhArmika paribhASAno Avo suMdara viniyoga karyo hovA chatAM A kRti kyAMya sAMpradAyika raMgavALI dharmakathA banI nathI, paraMtu manuSyabhAvanI Universal (sarvasAmAnya) nabaLAI ke sahajavRttine avalaMbIne vastunI goThavaNI dvArA uttama navalikA bane che. vArtAnI zailI sIdhI, sAdI ane lakSagAmI che. zrI jayaMti dalAle kahyuM che tema, "lakSanI eka kSaNanI vismRti paNa A zailImAM nAkhI najare nathI dekhAtI. nyAyazAstra ane pramANazAstranA abhyAsIoe be biMduo vaccenuM TUMkAmAM TUMkuM aMtara sIdhI lITI che e sanAtana satya A zailI para kotarI dIdhuM che.' - dvirephanI vArtAomAM aMtanI coTa hoya che. keTalIka vArtAomAM AvI aMtanI coTa lekhaka sabhAnapaNe lAvyA hoya tevuM lAge che, paraMtu 'buddhivijaya'no aMta prabhAvaka banI rahe che. vArtAlekhake aMdha baLonuM pravartana kevuM vedhaka rIte batAvyuM che ! hajAra vAma sudhI rA. vi. pAThakakRta 'buddhivijaya' suvarNavarNaprayoga samaye koIne hAjara nahi rahevAnuM buddhivijaye kahyuM hatuM, chatAM rAjAno jIva jhAlyo rahyo nahi, buddhivijaya hota to kadAca rAjA emanA prabhAvathI dUra rahyo hota. paraMtu buddhivijayane ujjayinI tarapha vihAra karavo paDyo. prayoga karatI vakhate kuMvaranuM zarIra TADhuM paDatAM rAjavaidyane bolAvyA, paNa teo bahAragAma gayA hatA. A samaye krodhe bharAyelA rAjAe traNa mArAone mokalI dIdhA. kamanasIbe rAjavaidya eka prahara pachI AvyA ane temaNe saune AzvAsana ApyuM. paraMtu e pahelAM to buddhivijayane mAravA traNa ghoDesavAro nIkaLI cUkyA hatA. rAjA rAtre nIkaLyo hota to kadAca buddhivijayane mAravA gayelA ghoDesavAro tene dUrathI joI zakyA na hota. paraMtu rAjAne rAjasAMDhaNI para darabArIoe savAre javAnuM kahyuM. Ama buddhivijayane nahi mAravAnuM kahevA mATe rAjA jAte gayo. buddhivijayane jIvato javA devA icchatA sainiko rAjAne sAMDhaNI para Avato joIne enA hukamano amala karavA mATe ekasAthe aneka ghA mArIne tene pUrI kare che. vArtAno aMta jeTalo camatkRtipUrNa che, eTalo ja svAbhAvika che. dvirepha sabhAna zilpI che. emanI kavitA e 'kAvyajJanI kavitA' kahevAya che, to emanI vArtA vAMcatI vakhate ema lAge ke navalikAnI Tenika, kathanarIti, vastugUMthaNI e badhAMthI lekhaka sabhAna che. A sabhAnatA ahIM avarodharUpa banI nathI, balake ene kAraNe vArtAnuM zilpa sarasa goThavAya che. emanA manamAM koI rahasyagarbha vicAra cAle ane e vicAra eTalo ghoLAya ke taraMga vicAra bane ane emAMthI ghaTanA sarjAya. vicAra kahevA mATe ke amuka muddo rajU karavA mATe vArtA lakhAI hoya tema lAgatuM nathI, paNa e muddo ghoLAIne 3. 'rekhA', julAI, 1942

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124 bhAvana-vibhAvana kalAsvarUpa pAme che. vicAramAMthI janmelI vArtA enA tarkabaLa, enI mAMDaNI ane 'jIvaMtatA'ne kAraNe aMte vArtAkRti bane che. vArtA kahevAnI emane anokhI phAvaTa che. 'buddhivijaya'nI maryAdA aMge, "jhINI jhINI vigato kahevAnI Teva, ane koI prasaMga ke paristhiti aNachatI na rahI jAya te mATenI kALajI A vArtAne sAruM evuM laMbANa Ape che. lekhake nirUpaNamAM thoDI kATa-chATa karI hota to emanI A sArI vArtA vadhu sArI banI hota" evuM kahevAya che. joke vArtAnuM vastu ja vArtAnI zailI ane svarUpa nakkI kare che ane tethI A navalikAnI gatine A prasaMgo pUraka banI rahyA che tema kahevuM joIe. vastunA dorane kyAMya zithila thavA dIdho ke kyAMya laMbAvyo nathI. vastumAM satata palaTA Ave che ane AvAM vaLAMkabiMduothI vastu dRDha rIte gUMthAtuM jAya che. dhUmaketu pachI gujarAtI navalikAne dvirepha eka sopAna AgaLa laI gayA. manuSyanA cittamAM paDone buddhipUrvaka kholatAM jaIne chevaTe emAMthI kazuMka rahasyarUpe, anivArya kalAtmaka rIte pragaTa karI batAvavuM e temanI vArtAkAra tarIkenI khUbI 'buddhivijaya'mAM supere pragaTa thaI che. 4. 'rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka : vADmayapratibhA', le. kAntilAla kAlANI, pR. 232 ATha ApaNAM bALasAmayiko gujarAtI bALasAhityanI sAthe sAthe bALasAyikonI eka paraMparA jovA maLe che. keTalAka sarjakoe bALasAhityanA sarjananI sAthosAtha bALasAmayikanuM saMpAdanakArya paNa saMbhALyuM che. A bALasAmayikonI eka sadIthI paNa vadhu samayanI dIrgha paraMparA jovA maLe che. gujarAtanuM sauprathama bALasAmayika 'nAhAnAM chokarAMne sArU' suratathI khrista mizanarIoe prakAzita karyuM. I. sa. 1862mAM suratanI krizciyana varnAkyulara ejyukezana sosAyaTI dvArA 'satyodaya' (The Dawn of Truth) prasiddha thayuM. A sAmayikano mukhya hetu khistI dharmanA pracArano hato. paraMtu AvI dharmapracAranI sAmagrInI sAthosAtha vahema, saphAI, maMtrataMtra ane kAmakrodha jevA viSayo para TUMkA lekho, gujarAtI joDaNInA niyamo tathA aMgrejInA pATho ApavAmAM

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA AvatA. kyAMka vArtAne aMte eno sAra paNa tAravI ApavAmAM Avato. A sAmayikanI bhASA para pArasI bolInI koI chApa jaNAtI nathI, paNa dharmAtaranI pravRttino hetu spaSTapaNe vartAya che. dhIre dhIre 'satyodaya' mAtra dharmapracAralakSI ja banI gayuM ane pachInA samayamAM to enAM bhASA, lakhANa ane viSayasAmagrI moTI vayanAne upayogI thAya te rIte ApavAmAM AvatAM. pArasIoe arvAcIna gujarAtI patrakAratvanA prAraMbhakALe pradAna karyuM che. e ja pArasIoe gujarAtane sAcA arthamAM paheluM bALasAmayika ApyuM che. I. sa. 1877nA sapTembaramAM 'bALodaya' nAmanuM bAra pAnAMnuM bALako mATenuM mAsika zarU thayuM. A sAmayikane chelle pAne 'muMbaI samAcAra chApakhAnAmAM mANekajI barajorajI mInocehera homajInAe chApIyuM che.' - evI noMdha maLe che. pahele varSe enuM vArSika lavAjama cAra AnA hatuM, je bIjA varSanA bIjA aMkathI traNa AnA karavAmAM AvyuM ! sAmayikanI bhASA para pArasI bolInI ghaNI chAMTa che. varSanA prAraMbhe lekhaka lakhe che : chokarAMo ! tamArAM bAlodaye potAnuM bIjuM varasa paNa pasAra kIdhuM che; ane te Aje hasate moMDe tarIjA varasamAM dAkhala thAya che. teNe potAnAM pahelAM varasamAM tamArI joDe potAnI nAnI vaya pramANe nAnI vAto karI che; bIjA varasamAM tethI paNa moTI karaze. e rIte te potAnI UlaTamAM Agala vadhatuM rahyuM che; ane te ja pramANe tamoe paNa tamArI UlaTamAM Agala vadhatAM rahevuM joIe che." (bALodaya', sapTembara 1879, pR. 3) A sAmayikanA prathama pAne prArthanA prasiddha thatI hatI, paraMtu ApaNAM bALasAmayiko 123 trIjA varSanA cothA aMkathI pahele pAne dAMtanI mAvajata, relave, cokhkhI havA, sAbunI jarUra ke varasAdanA divaso vizenA lekha maLe che. 'bALodaya 'mAM nAnI vArtA, saMvAda, sAmAnya jJAna, sadAcaraNa, cokhkhAI, strI-keLavaNI jevA viSayo para bodhalakSI lekho pragaTa thatA. kAvyo, doharA tema ja zikSaka ane ziSyo vacceno saMvAda apAtAM. vaLI 'akSara sudhAravA viSe' garabI maLe che, to bhUgoLa ane vyAkaraNanI saMvAdarUpe samaja ApatA lekho maLe che. bAra pAnAMnA A sAmayikamAM ekAda citra paNa maLe che. amadAvAdanI zrI bAla jJAnavardhaka sabhA taraphathI I. sa. 1822nA jAnyuArImAM 'bALakone sarvottama raste caDAvavAnA hetuthI' 'bALa jJAnavardhaka' nAmanuM bAra pAnAMnuM mAsika pragaTa karavAmAM AvyuM. AnA dareka aMka para varSa daramiyAna eka ja zloka mUkavAmAM Avato tema ja pahele pAne saMskRta subhASita ane nIce gujarAtI bhASAMtara ApavAmAM AvatuM. enA mukhapRSTha para "mAmAnI havelImAM a. yunAiTeDa prA. ane ja. e. kaMpanI limiTeDanA presamAM raNachoDalAla gaMgArAme chApI prasiddha karyuM." A prakAranI noMdha prasiddha thatI. 'bALa jJAnavardhaka'nuM vArSika lavAjama cha AnA ane chUTaka nakalanI kiMmata cha pAI hatI. AmAM kavitA, vArtA, nATaka, bodhaka nibaMdha vagere pragaTa thatAM. 'saMpa', 'ciMtA', 'vairya', 'niMdA', 'jIbha', 'sudhAro', 'kasarata', 'prAmANikatA" jevA viSayonAM lakhANo maLe che. A sAmayikanA lekho bALako mATe bhArekhama gaNAya. vaLI ghaNA nAnA TAipamAM pragaTa thatuM citra vinAnuM A sAmayika bALako karatAM moTAMo mATe vadhu lekhasAmagrI dharAve che. I. sa. 1902nA sapTembaramAM zarU thayelA 'suMdarI subodha' sAmayikamAM 'bAlodyAna" nAmano eka lekhavibhAga pragaTa thato hato. eka to e aniyamita rIte pragaTa thato ane vaLI

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128 bhAvana-vibhAvanA 12e temAM moTe bhAge bALakone anulakSIne mAtA-pitAne mArgadarzana ApatA lekho prakAzita thatA hatA. 'saMpAdaka, prakAzaka ane prinTara' zrI mahAzaMkara lallubhAI bhaTTe I. sa. 1911nA jAnyuArImAM 'bAlazikSaka' nAmanuM mAsika zarU karyuM. eno hetu 'bAlazikSakanA keTalAka aMkonA mukhapRSTha para A paMktio dvArA rajU thato; UMDA aMdhakAre rakhaDatAM nija bALa nihALo, tene jJAna dIpaka ApI sukhanA mArgamAM vALo - gahana nidrA thakI jAgo." savA rUpiyAnuM vArSika lavAjama dharAvatA 'bAlazikSakanA prAraMbhika aMko sArA kAgaLa, suyojita goThavaNI ane saphAIdAra mudraNa dharAve che. 1915nA navembara mahinAnA aMkamAM teno phelAvo 4000 nakalono lakhelo che. 'bAlazikSaka' sAta varSa sudhI jAherakhabara vinA pragaTa thatuM rahyuM, paraMtu pachI Arthika saMkaDAmaNane kAraNe jAherakhabara levI paDI. AmAM kAvyo, TucakA, ukhANAM, praznottarI, aitihAsika kathAo, vijJAnanA prayogo ane saMvAda dvArA sAmAnya jJAna ApavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata ane IsapanI kathAo AmAM AlekhAI che to bIjI bAju bhUgoLa, nItizikSaNa, mahApuruSonAM caritro tema ja ramatagamata vizenA lekho maLe che. A sAmayika potAne 'gujarAtI bhASAmAM sarvathI paheluM ane ekanuM eka ja bAlopayogI mAsika' kahevaDAve che. paNa A kathana itihAsadRSTie yathArtha nathI. 'bAlazikSaka'nA pahelA cha mahinAnA gALAne pUrvArdha tarIke ane bAkInA samayane uttarArdha tarIke vaheMcI nAkhavAmAM AvyA che. A sAmayikanuM mukhya lakSa bALakone bodha ane mAhitI ApavAnuM ApaNAM bALasAmayiko che. enI sacitratA paNa noMdhapAtra gaNAya. chaThThA varSe enuM kada badalavAmAM AvyuM ane sAthosAtha sAmAnya kAgaLa para enuM mudraNa thavA lAgyuM. sAtamAM varSe pharI A sAmayike kadaparivartana karyuM ane pa0 pAnAMnA be bhAga karyA. AmAM prathama bhAgamAM cothA dhoraNa sudhInAM bALako mATe moTA TAIpamAM lekho ApavAmAM AvatA hatA. jyAre bIjA bhAgamAM cothA dhoraNe pachInA vidyArthIo tema ja mAtApitA ane zikSakone upayogI sAmagrI ApavAmAM AvatI hatI. I. sa. 1912mAM zreyasAdhaka adhikArIvarga taraphathI bALako mATe 'bALakono baMdhu' pragaTa thayuM paNa te lAMbo samaya cAlyuM nahi. strI-keLavaNI ane saMsArasudhArA mATe 'strI-bodha' nAmanuM sAmayika putaLIbAI kAbrAjI ane kezavaprasAda desAIe zarU karyuM hatuM. emAM 1919nI jAnyuArIe ATha pAnAM dharAvato alAyado bALaka" vibhAga pragaTa thayo. trIje varSe A vibhAgamAM 16 pAnAM ane cothe varSe 24 pAnAM ApavAmAM AvyAM. 68 pAnAMnA 'strIbodha mAM 24 pAnAMno bALako mATe 'bALaka' vibhAga apAya, te eka alaga sAmayika jeTaluM mahattva dharAve che. gujarAtamAMthI prasiddha thayelAM strIviSayaka sAmayikomAM kvacit bALavibhAga ApavAmAM Ave che, paraMtu 'strI-bodha' jeTalo samRddha bALavibhAga kyAMya jovA maLato nathI. A sAmayikanA 'bALaka' vibhAgamAM kavitA, vArtA, ukhANAM, koyaDA, prANIparicaya, ramataparicaya, tema ja bALakoe lakhelA 'bALakonA lekho' nAmano vibhAga ApavAmAM Avato. rAmAyaNa, siMhAsanabatrIsI tema ja zAmaLa bhaTTanI vArtAo hapatAvAra apAtI, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa emAM hiMdI vibhAga ApavAmAM Avato. hiMdI lekhanI nIce gujarAtI tarajumo paNa apAto. "bALaka" vibhAgamAM suMdaram, ramaNalAla nA. zAha, dezaLajI paramAra, jIvarAma joSI,

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bhAvana-vibhAvana manubhAI jodhANI ane somAbhAI bhAvasAra jevA prasiddha lekhakonI racanA maLe che. kAgaLanA bhAva AsamAne gayA hovA chatAM bALakone sacitra ane niyamita mAsika maLI rahe te hetuthI 'kamalakAtta 'nA taMtrIpade 'bAlajIvana' pragaTa thayuM. bALakone mahApuruSonA pagale cAlavAnI preraNA maLe ane tenA eka upAya tarIke niyamita vAcana maLatuM rahe te hetuthI A sAmayika pragaTa thayuM. vi. saM. 1977nA kArataka mahinAmAM 'saddagata zrIyuta chaganalAla dullabhadAsa gAMdhInA smaraNArthe' evI noMdha sAthe ane mukhapRSTha para enI tasavIra sAthe 'bAlajIvanano pahelo aMka pragaTa thayo. taMtrInI ghaDAyelI dRSTine kAraNe cALIsa pAnAMnA A sAmayike gujarAtI bAlajagatanI ghaNI moTI sevA karI. e nAnI vayanAM bALako mATe nahi, paNa kumAro mATenuM sAmayika hatuM. chokarIo mATe eka judo vibhAga rAkhavAmAM Avato. AmAM jANItA lokonI sAthosAtha UgatA lekhakonI racanA pragaTa thatI hatI. agAunAM sAmayiko karatAM 'bAlajIvananI sacitratA AgavI tarI AvatI hatI. AmAM kAvya, vArtA, jIvanacaritra, itihAsa, vijJAna, sAmAnya jJAna, prANIkathA, ramatagamata ane sAhasa kathAo ApavAmAM AvatI hatI jethI 'bAlajIvanamAM sAruM evuM viSayavaividhya sAMpaDatuM. 'vikasatuM vijJAna' zIrSaka heThaLa vijJAnanA samAcAro, 'navAjUnI'mAM rasaprada banAvo tema ja 'deza ane duniyA'nA zIrSakathI duniyAnA savAlono khyAla ApavAmAM Avato. A mAsikano hetu darzAvatAM taMtrI lakhe che : bAlajIvananA dareka praznone bArIkAIthI carcavAno ane bAla kone saMgIna ane temanI buddhimAM vadhAro karI temanAmAM svAzraya, ApaNAM bALasAmayiko svatva, svAbhimAna, svadezAbhimAna ane daDha nizcayanI lAgaNIo jAgRta kare tathA hAlanA temanA zikSaNane aMge temane upayogI thaI paDe ane aneka prakAranuM jJAna teo meLavI zake tevA sacitra lekho A mAsika dvArA pragaTa karAvAne A mAsikano uddeza che." ('taMtrInuM nivedana', 'bAlajIvana' varSa-1, aMka-1, kArataka se, 1977 pR. 33) 'bAlajIvana' zrI ramaNalAla nA. zAhanA taMtrIpade ghaNAM varSo sudhI gujarAtI bAlajagatane rucipUrNa vAcana pIrasyuM hatuM, tema ja ene vartamAna samayanI ghaTanAo sAthe saMparkamAM rAkhyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1921nA oNgasTa mAsamAM 'bALakone lagatuM sAhitya nahi, paNa bALako mATe' sAhitya pragaTa karavAnA hetuthI 'bAlamitrano prAraMbha thayo. chathI soLa varSanAM chokarA-chokarIone AnaMda sAthe jJAna maLe tema ja emano zArIrika, mAnasika ane AdhyAtmika vikAsa thAya tevI vAcanasAmagrI ApavAno 'bAlamitrano hetu hato. carotara ejyukezana sosAyaTIne zrI jIvanalAla motIcaMde bALakonI sevA mATe ApelA dAnanI eka yojanArUpe A sAmayika zrI DAhyAbhAI lamaNabhAI paTelanA adhipatipade pragaTa thayuM. enA bIjA aMkamAM tera varSanAM vinodinI nIlakaMThano 'koyalAnI jIvanakathA' nAmano lekha maLe che. 'bAlamitra'nuM raMgIna mukhapRSTha bALakone AkarSe tevuM hatuM. emAM caritro, lekho, vArtAo, ukhANAM ane sAmAnya jJAnanA lekho uparAMta aMgrejI, hiMdI ke baMgALI lekha yA vArtAnA anuvAdo paNa ApavAmAM AvatA hatA. mukhapRSThanA pAchaLane pAne kavitA apAtI to 'moDhe karavA jevI kavitA' vibhAgamAM mIrAM, zAmaLa jevA madhyakAlIna kavionI jANItI kavitAno ApavAmAM AvatI. Ama sacitratA ane vaividhya baMne dRSTie A sAmayika noMdhapAtra

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132 bhAvana-vibhAvana gaNAya. e samayanA ghaNA labdhapratiSTha lekhakonI kRtio paNa 'bAlamitra'mAM maLe che. kAkA kAlelakara, ravizaMkara rAvaLa, hariprasAda vrajarAya desAI, hiMmatalAla gaNezajI aMjAriyA jevAnA lekho, 'dhUmaketu', gijubhAI ane ramaNalAla nA. zAhanI vArtAo to nhAnAlAla, jhaveracaMda meghANI ane 'lalita'nAM kAvyo maLe che. aDadhI sadIthI paNa vadhu samaya sudhI cAleluM 'bAlamitra' bALakonA saMskAraghaDataramAM sAcA mitra jevuM banI rahyuM. joke Aje enuM prakAzana aniyamita banI gayuM che. koI paNa saMsthAnA pIThabaLa vagara traNa traNa dAyakA sudhI 'bALaka' sAmayike yazasvI sevA bajAvI. zrI bhIkhAbhAI puruSottama vyAsanA taMtrIpade prasiddha thayeluM A sAmayika enA taMtrInI bALakonA saMskAraghaDatara mATenI niSThA ane dhagazanAM ghAtaka che. I. sa. 1923nI pahelI jAnyuArIe amadAvAdathI pragaTa thayeluM A sAmayika pahelAM traimAsika, e pachI eka varSa bAda dvimAsika banyuM ane tyArabAda thoDAM varSo pachI mAsika thayuM. 'bALakonAM jIvana zuddha ane saMskArI banAve, bAlasevA ane dezasevAnA kAmamAM yathAzakti phALo' bALako Ape, te hetuthI A sAmayika zarU karavAmAM AvyuM. AkarSaka goThavaNI, ArTapepara para kalAmaya citra tema ja sArI jAtanA kAgaLa para e pragaTa thatuM. Ama to AThathI bAra varSanAM bALakone anurUpa lakhANo, kAvyo, kathAo, TucakA, prArthanA ane kahevatakathA ApavAmAM AvatAM. taMtrInI sAthosAtha 'bALaka'nuM prakAzanasthaLa paNa badalAtuM rahyuM. pahelAM amadAvAda, pachI godharA, tyArabAda vaDodarA ane aMte amadAvAdathI e pragaTa thatuM rahyuM. 'bALaka'nA taMtrI bhIkhAbhAI vyAse atyaMta kaparA saMjogono sAmano karIne, Arthika saMkaDAmaNa veThIne tema ja khoTa khAIne paNa A sAmayika varSo sudhI calAvyuM e ghaTanA gujarAtI patrakAratvanA itihAsamAM noMdhapAtra gaNAya. ApaNAM bALasAmayiko 133 'gAMDIva' sAmayikanuM yAdagAra pradAna che bakora paTelanuM pAtra. hariprasAda vyAsanI 'gAMDIva'mAM varSo sudhI pragaTa thayelI vArtAonuM mukhya pAtra bakora paTela gujarAtanAM bALakonA cittane AnaMdathI bharI detuM hatuM. 'gAMDIva' e gujarAtanuM sauprathama pakhavADika kahevAya. I. sa. 1925mAM zrI naTavaralAla vImAvALA ane zrI sumati vImA vALAnA taMtrIpade eno prAraMbha thayo ane tyArabAda zrI naTavaralAla mALavIe paNa enuM taMtrIpada saMbhALyuM. AmAM moTA TAipamAM bALako mATe prasaMga, vArtA, nATaka, caritra, hAsyakathA ane akkalasoTI ApavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. A ApaNuM eka ja evuM bALasAmayika che ke jemAM lekhamAM vaparAyelA agharA zabdonA artha paNa aMte ApavAmAM AvatA. sacitra ane vividharaMgI A pakhavADika keTalAka vizeSAMko ApatuM tema ja enA dvArA bALasAhitya paNa pragaTa thatuM. I. sa. 1862mAM suratanI krizciyana varnAkyulara ejyukezana sosAyaTIe 'satyodaya' nAmanuM saMskArapreraka tathA dharmapracAraka bALasAmayika zarU karyuM hatuM e pachI I. sa. 1927mAM pAdarI je. vI. mAsTaranA taMtrIpade 'bAlavADI' nAmanuM mAsika zarU thayuM. aMgrejI 'Trejhara cesTa' jevuM banAvavAno emano Azaya hato ane tethI emAM prANIkathAo, videzI pravAsakathAo, mArmika jIvanaprasaMgo ane sAmAnya jJAnanI rasaprada mAhitI ApavAmAM AvatI hatI. sAmayikano mukhya jhoka khristI dharmanA pracArano hovA chatAM enI sAmagrImAM bALakomAM saMskAra reDavAno prayAsa dekhAI Ave che. gujarAtamAM bALako ane kumArone anulakSIne sAmayiko pragaTa thatAM hatAM, paraMtu kizoro mATe sAmayika zarU karavAno sauprathama ane atyaMta sabaLa prayAsa 'kizora' sAmayika dvArA zrI nagInadAsa pArekhe

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135 bhAvana-vibhAvana karyo. I. sa. 1935mAM eno prathama aMka pragaTa thayo. A mAsikano Azaya gujarAtanA kizoro saMskArI nAgarika bane ane enA sarvatomukhI vikAsane sahAyarUpa sAmagrI AmAMthI maLatI rahe tevo hato. emAM vArtA, kavitA, nibaMdha, nATaka, caritra, bhUgoLa, vijJAna, vanaspati, jIvasRSTi ane sAmAnya jJAnanA viSayo para lekho prasiddha thatA. emAM hiMdI vibhAga paNa pragaTa thato, je vAcakane hiMdI bhASAnuM zikSaNa ApavAnI sAthosAtha sArI evI vAcanasAmagrI ApatuM hatuM. 'kizora mAM sarvazrI rA. vi. pAThaka, baLavaMtarAya ThAkora, kizoralAla mazarUvALA, gijubhAI, somAbhAI bhAvasAra, narahari parIkha, mULazaMkara bhaTTa, ramaNalAla sonI jevA vidvAno ane sarjakonA lekho prasiddha thayA. enA aMkomAM taMtrInI cIvaTa, bhASAzuddhino Agraha tema ja viyanuM sAtatya jovA maLe che. kamanasIbe trIjA varSanA dasamA aMkathI taMtrIpadethI zrI nagInadAsa pArekha nivRtta thayA, eka AzA jagAvatuM sAmayika dRSTisaMpanna taMtrInI nivRttine kAraNe akALe karamAI gayuM. e pachI A sAmayika zrI raNachoDajI kesurabhAI mistrInA taMtrIpade I. sa. 1950nA Disembara sudhI cAlyuM. enI sAijhamAM paNa pheraphAra karyo, paNa kula cauda varSa bAda 'kAgaLa, bAiniMga ane vyavasthAkharca agAu karatAM traNagaNo vadhyo', ane teTalA pramANamAM lavAjamanI Avaka vadhI nahi" eTale sAmayika baMdha karavuM paDyuM. navA yugane anukULa evuM eka bAlamAsika ApavAnA AzayathI zrI hiMmatalAla cu. zAhe I. sa. 1937nA jUna mahinAmAM 'bAlasakhA" nAmanuM mAsika pragaTa karyuM. AmAM mukhyatve AThathI cauda varSanAM bALako mATe ane e pachI nAnAM bALako mATe keTalAka lekho ApavAmAM AvatA. 40 pAnAM dharAvatuM A sAmayika sacitra ane suMdara goThavaNI dharAvatuM hatuM. AmAM vArtA, kavitA, vijJAna, TucakA, nATaka tema ja ApaNAM bALasAmayiko dhArAvAhI bALakathA paNa ApavAmAM AvatI. A sAmayikanI keTalIka sAmagrI noMdhapAtra che. jemake 'vAMcanamAMthI' e zIrSaka heThaLa pragaTa thatA vibhAgamAM judAM judAM sAmayikonI sAmagrIno saMcaya ApavAmAM Avato. 'bALakonA lekho' evA zIrSaka heThaLa bALakonI sarjanazaktine saMkoravAmAM AvatI. 'caMdunI DAyarI "mAM bALaka kaI rIte DAyarI lakhe teno khyAla ApavAmAM Avato. 'AvatI copaDIo ' vibhAgamAM navA pustakanuM avalokana to 'duniyA doDe che' vibhAgamAM vartamAna rAjakIya paristhitinI vAta AlekhavAmAM AvatI. khorAka, rabara, kAtara, motI, phAMsI devAnI paddhati ke jAdunA khela vize mAhitIprada lekho ApavAmAM AvatA. vaLI prativarSa eka bALakaaMka taiyAra karavAmAM Avato jenuM taMtrIpada ane citrakArya koI bALakane ja soMpavAmAM AvatuM. vaLI A aMkamAM vizeSapaNe bALakonA lekho levAmAM AvatA hatA. jemake 1942nA oNgasTa-sapTembarano 'bAlasakhA'no saMyukta aMka navasArInA koLI AzramamAM abhyAsa karatA paMdara varSanA bacubhAI paTele taiyAra karyo hato. AvI ja rIte eka bIjo navo prayoga bALako dvArA lakhAtI cAlu vArtAno che. AmAM meTrika sudhInA vidyArthIo cAlu vArtA lakhatA ane e rIte kathAno dora AgaLa calAvatA. A sAmayikamAM zrI gijubhAI, ramaNalAla jozI, jIvarAma joSI, dinubhAI joSI, caMdrazaMkara bhaTTa jevA lekhakonA lekho paNa maLe che. Ama vAMcanasAmagrInI dRSTie 'bAlasakhA" ApaNuM dhyAna kheMce che. bALako AjanI duniyAthI paricita rahe ane vividha sAhityamAM rasa letAM bane tevA hetuthI 1939nI pahelI jUne zrI somAbhAI bhAvasAra ane zrI dineza ThAkoranA taMtrIpade 'bAlajagata' nAmanuM mAsika zarU thayuM. emAM mAhitIprada ane preraka vAMcana ApavAmAM AvatuM. mAsikanuM Ayojana paNa ghaNuM sughaDa hatuM. ethIya vizeSa

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133 bhAvana-vibhAvana bALakonA saMskAraghaDataranI eka cokkasa dRSTino AmAMthI khyAla maLI rahe che. vArtA, kathA, kavitA, caritra, TucakA, nATikA tema ja hiMdInA pATha paNa ApavAmAM AvatA. gijubhAI, tArAbahena moDaka, somAbhAI bhAvasAra, jugatarAma dave, ramaNalAla zAha, purAtana buca tathA dinubhAI joSI jevA jANItA lekhakonA lekho AmAM prasiddha thayA che. enA cothA varSanA navamA aMkathI taMtrIpadanI javAbadArI indulAla ha. koThArI ane kIratana laTakArIe saMbhALI. joke e pachI, sAmayikanuM vaividhya thoDuM ochuM thayuM. A sAmiyake 'ApaNI bALa graMthamALA' nAmanI pustakonI zreNI heThaLa bALasAhityanAM keTalAMka suMdara pustako ApyAM. 1949nI 1lI jUne mAtabAra sAmagrI ane raMgaberaMgI sajAvaTa sAthe zrI kizora zAmaLadAsa gAMdhInA taMtrIpade ramakaDuM' nAmanuM bALamAsika pragaTa thayuM, eNe sArI evI bALa-priyatA hAMsala karI. emAM lekha, kavitA, vArtA, paricaya, praznottarI ane prasaMgakathA uparAMta bALakone gamI jAya tevI citravArtA ApavAmAM AvatI hatI. enAM lakhANo ucca dhoraNa jALavatAM hatAM tema ja tenuM mudraNa sacitra ane saphAIdAra hovAthI e samayanAM bALasAmayikomAM eNe AgavI bhAta pADI hatI. eka so pAnAM dharAvatA A mAsikano dIpotsavI aMka ghaNo daLadAra prasiddha thato. 'ramakaDuM' sAmayike suMdara lakhANo, vyavasthita goThavaNI ane bALako mATenI vAMcanasAmagrInI sUjhane kAraNe vyApaka Adara meLavyo hato. paraMtu lagabhaga 1988thI enuM prakAzana baMdha thayuM, te du:khada binA kahevAya. 1956nuM varSa gujarAtI bAlasAhityanAM sAmayiko mATe sImAciorUpa gaNAya. A varSe gujarAtanAM mAtabara dainikoe ApaNAM bALasAmayiko 133 bALasAmayikanI dizAmAM prayANa AdaryuM. atyAra sudhI A dainikomAM dara aThavADiye bALako mATeno eka vibhAga pragaTa thato hato, paraMtu 'ramakaDuM'ne maLelI saphaLatA tema ja bALakonI UghaDelI vAcanabhUkhane kAraNe gujarAtanAM dainiko AvuM sAhasa karavA prerAyAM, jene pariNAme 'gujarAta samAcAre' 'jhagamaga' ane 'saMdeze' 'bAlasaMdeza' nAmanuM bALa-sAptAhika zarU karyuM. 'gujarAta samAcAra'mAM dara aThavADiye eka vAra bALako mATeno 'bALameLo' vibhAga Avato hato. enuM saMpAdana zrI jIvarAma joSI karatA hatA ane temane ja 'gujarAta samAcAre' prasiddha karelA aThavADika 'jhagamaga'nuM saMpAdana soMpAyuM. emaNe miyAM phusakI, chela chabo, aDukiyo-daDukiyo ane chako-mako jevAM bALakonI kalpanAsRSTimAM lAMbA samaya sudhI ramyA kare tevAM pAtro ApyAM. 'jhagamaga' sAptAhike vizALa bALa-cAhanA hAMsala karI. atyAre paNa A sAptAhika 'gujarAta samAcAra' dvArA pragaTa thaI rahyuM che. 'saMdeza' dainika dvArA 'bAlasaMdeza' nAmanA aThavADikano prAraMbha karavAmAM Avyo. A aThavADika lAMbA samaya sudhI pragaTa thatuM rahyuM. 1988nA arasAmAM enuM prakAzana baMdha thayuM che. 1952mAM be mAtabara bALasAptAhiko gujarAtamAM zarU thayAM, to 1954mAM madrAsathI pragaTa thatA 'cAMdAmAmA'nI gujarAtI AvRtti prakAzita thaI. raMgIna citrakAmathI zobhatA A sAmayikano bALakonI vAcanabhUkhane kAraNe sAro evo prasAra thayo. moTA TAipa ane saphAIdAra chapAI enA vAcanane sugama banAvatAM hatAM, paraMtu sAmagrInI dRSTie tema ja bhASAzuddhinI dRSTie A sAmayika ghaNuM sAmAnya hatuM. mukhyatve kathAo para jhoka ApIne bALakonA vArtArasane uttejavAno eno hetu rahyo, paraMtu emAM vaitAlapaccIsI ke siMdabAdanA sAhasanI kathAo to ThIka, paraMtu

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138 bhAvana-vibhAvanA chIcharo vArtArasa jamAvatI bhUta-pretanI vAto paNa pragaTa thatI hatI. nizcita jagAmAM sAmagrI samAvavAnI hovAthI bhASAmAM kaheMgApaNuM ghaNuM AvatuM. aparicita pAtro ane ajANyA lekhakone kAraNe gujarAtI bALaka enI sAthe tAdAbhya anubhavI zakato nahoto. gujarAtamAM A sAmayikanI AvRtti pragaTa thatI hovA chatAM enI bhASAmAM saheje potIkApaNuM lAgatuM nathI. 'cAMdAmAmA' pachI sAdhanasaMpanna dainiko dvArA pragaTa thayelI 'caMpaka' ane 'naMdana'nI gujarAtI AvRttimAM pramANamAM A doSa ocho jovA maLe che. 1954nA jAnyuArImAM vaDodarAthI zarU thayelA 'bALakanaiyo' mAsikanI eka noMdhapAtra viziSTatA e hatI ke moTebhAge enA mukhapRSTha para nAnAM bALakonI chabI mUkavAmAM AvatI. 40 pAnAMnA A sAmayikanA taMtrI kavi manubhAI Ara. rAva ane saMpAdaka kozika paMDyA tathA rasulabhAI vhorA hatA. AmAM gIto, vArtA, caritra, nATikA, sAmAnya jJAna, parIkathA, patramaitrI, joDakaNAM vagere ApavAmAM AvatAM. enuM vArSika lavAjama cAra rUpiyA hatuM jemAM grAhakane daLadAra dIpotsavI aMka uparAMta eka bheTa-pustaka paNa ApavAmAM AvatuM. A ja varSe amadAvAdanA bhaktimArga kAryAlaya dvArA zrI maganabhAI desAInA taMtrIpade 'AnaMda' nAmanA aThavADikanuM prakAzana thayuM. 1955mAM narena bhagatanA taMtrIpade naDiyAdathI 'kizora' nAmanuM sAmayika pragaTa thayuM. dara mahine pragaTa thatuM e sAmayika 48 pAnAMnuM hatuM. 1985mAM zrI jIvarAma joSInA taMtrIpade 'rasaraMjana' nAmanuM sAmayika zarU thayuM. amadAvAdanA 'gujarAta samAcAra' ane 'saMdeza' dainikoe jema bALasAmayiko pragaTa karyA hatAM te rIte 196ramAM *janasattAe 'sabarasa' nAmanuM bALako mATenuM aThavADika zarU karyuM. jyAre 1995mAM jIvarAma joSIe pote ja 'rasavinoda" nAmanuM ApaNAM bALasAmayiko 13e pAkSika zarU karyuM. saurASTranA dainika 'jayahiMda' oNphaseTa mazIna para chapAyeluM 'phUlavADI' nAmanuM sAptAhika 1967mAM zarU karyuM. emAM raMgonuM AkarSaNa hatuM, tema ja moTAM citro ane moTA akSaromAM enI chapAI karavAmAM AvatI hatI. eno hetu "pAMgaratI peDhInA jIvanaghaDataramAM saMskArasiMcana' karavAno rAkhavAmAM Avyo. AmAM bALako mATenI kathAo, paricayalekho, TikiTasaMgraha, praznottarI jevA vibhAgo maLe che. A sAmayikamAM prAraMbhamAM videzI citrakathA ApavAmAM AvatI hovAthI bALakonA AkarSaNanuM e kendra banyuM. A ja saMsthAe I. sa. 1970mAM zarU karelA 'niraMjananI vAta paNa ahIM karI laIe. citravArtA ane citramaya vArtAonA A sAptAhikamAM aMgrejI citravArtAono anuvAda ApavAmAM Ave che. aDadhuM sAmayika AvI citravArtAthI bhareluM hoya che, jyAre bAkInA bhAgamAM vArtA, spardhA ane ramatagamata vizenA lekho pragaTa thAya che. | 'pagalI' e bALako mATenuM raMgIna chapAI dharAvatuM sughaDa sAmayika che. 1968nA navembaramAM zrI ratilAla davenA taMtrIpade pragaTa thayelA A sAmayikamAM vidyArthIonI abhyAsaviSayaka mAhitI uparAMta kathA, kavitA, ukhANAM, akkalakasoTI ane vijJAna kasoTI jevA vibhAgo ApavAmAM Ave che, paraMtu AjanAM bALakone AkarSe tevI sAmagrInuM pramANa ochuM che. bALakone gamatI citravArtAno abhAva khaTake che. jyAre amadAvAdanI sumana saMskAra nAmanI nizALe I. sa. 1977mAM 32 pAnAMnuM 'sumana-saMskAra' sAmayika pragaTa karyuM. nizALanAM saMcAlikA mAlinIbahena zAstrInA taMtrIpade pragaTa thatA A sacitra sAmayikamAM vArtA, nATaka, prasaMga, paricaya, TucakA, pravAsa tema ja gIto ApavAmAM Ave che. 'zokhavartuLa' vibhAgamAM ramatagamata vize tema ja 'bAlapratibhA'mAM viziSTa guNo dAkhavanArAM bALakonI

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bhAvana-vibhAvana mAhitI ApavAmAM Ave che, paraMtu cokkasa dRSTinA abhAve A sAmayika bALakone eTaluM saMtarpaka banatuM nathI. bALakanI vayakakSAne anurUpa na hoya tevA lekho paNa AmAM jovA maLe che. A ja varSe zrI dhIrajalAla gajjaranA saMpAdana heThaLa 'sabarasa' sAptAhika zarU thayuM. AmAM lokakathA, birabala ane TArajhananI vArtAo, ramatagamata tema ja praznottarI ApavAmAM AvatAM. gujarAtanuM prathama ophaseTa mudraNa dharAvatuM pAkSika 'bulabula" thoDo samaya cAlyuM. AkAra prakAzana dvArA citrakAra zrI rajanI vyAsanAM citro sAthe prasiddha thayelA A pAlikAmAM prasiddha lekhakonI kRtio ApavAmAM AvatI hatI. AmAM vArtA. vijJAnakathA uparAMta lAMbI citravArtA paNa ApavAmAM AvatI hatI. 1979nA DisembaramAM 'bAlamastI' nAmanuM mAsika ku. zraddhA davenA taMtrIpade pragaTa thayuM hatuM. 32 pRSThanA A sAmayikamAM vArtA, kAvya, prasaMgo temaja paricayalekho ApavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. gujarAtanA pratiSThita bAlasAhityakAra zrI harIza nAyaka dvArA 'nAyaka' nAmanuM mAsika pragaTa thayuM. zrI harIza nAyaka mAtra lekhaka nathI, balka kuzaLa vArtA-kathana karanAra paNa che. AthI A mAsikane harIza nAyaka 'kuTuMbanI vArtAo rajU karatuM nAnakaDAM bALamitronuM nAnakaDuM mAsika tarIke oLakhAve che. AmAM sacitra vArtAo, sAhasakathAo, TucakAo. vyaMgacitro tema ja ramatagamata vizenI mAhitI ApavAmAM Ave che. zrI harIza nAyake gujarAtI bAlasAhityane harakyulisa, yaMtramAnava, ramatA rAma, navo birabala, TiMgu-piMgu ane koyaDAmala jevAM pAtro ApyAM che. saurASTranA bagasarA gAmamAM keLavaNI mATe bhagIratha puruSArtha karanAra zrI lAlacaMdabhAI vorAe 1981mAM 'bAlamUrti' nAmanuM mAsika pragaTa karyuM che. A nAnakaDA mAsikamAM bALakeLavaNI vize ApaNAM bALasAmayiko 141 suMdara sAmagrI nirUpavAmAM Ave che. enA saMpAdaka zrI pravINabhAI zAha dvArA A sAmayika suMdara AkAra laI rahyuM che. eno 'gijubhAI janma-zatAbdI ' vizeSAMka paNa noMdhapAtra gaNAya. gujarAtanI bALakeLavaNImAM bhAvanagaranI dakSiNAmUrti saMsthA ane tenI sAthe saMkaLAyelA bALakeLavaNIkAroe amUlya pradAna karyuM che. eka bAju emaNe bALako mATe keLavaNInI anivAryatA vize janasamAjane jAgrata karyo to bIjI bAju bALakeLavaNI mATe upakAraka sAhityanuM sarjana karyuM. vi. saM. 1980nA zrAvaNa mahinAmAM 'dakSiNAmUrti' nAmanuM tramAsika pragaTa karavAmAM AvyuM. Ano uddeza bALakeLavaNInI vividha pravRttiono anubhava darzAvavAno ane maoNnTesaoNrI zikSaNa paddhati vize jAgRti keLavavAno hato. I. sa. 1926mAM sva. gijubhAI badhekA ane tArAbahena moDake 'zikSaNapatrikA' nAmanuM bALakone lagatA praznonI carcA karatuM suMdara sAmayika pragaTa karyuM. Ano mukhya hetu to monTesorI zikSaNapaddhati vize janasamUhamAM yogya samaja ApavAno hato. AvI ja rIte I. sa. 1939mAM zrI harabhAI trivedI dvArA "gharazALA nAmanuM keLavaNIviSayaka mAsika pragaTa thayuM. I. sa. 1966mAM zrI manubhAI paMcoLInA taMtrIpade prasiddha thayeluM chAtrAlaya" sAmayika atyaMta mahattvanuM gaNAya. AmAM vidyArthI, gRhapati ane chAtrAlayane racanAtmaka pravRtti dvArA sAMkaLavAno prayAsa karyo keLavaNIvicAra, chAtrAlayavyavasthA tema ja vidyArthInA cAritraghaDataranI dRSTie A sAmayikamAMthI mUlyavAna sAmagrI maLe tema che. gujarAtanAM bALasAmayiko vize vicArIe tyAre 'kumAra' ane 'samarpaNa'ne kaI rIte bhUlI zakAya ? 'kumAra' sAmayike bALavArtA ane jIvanacaritronI eka samRddha

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bhAvana-vibhAvana paraMparA UbhI karI, eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu tribhuvana vyAsa ane dezaLajI paramAranAM bALanATakono paricaya paNa A sAmayika dvArA gujarAtane thayo. gujarAtanI UgatI peDhInA ghaDataramAM 'kumAra'nI vAcanasAmagrIe mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo che, e ja rIte bhAratIya vidyAbhavana dvArA prasiddha thatA 'samarpaNa' mAsike paNa dara varSe eka suMdara zizu aMkanI bheTa ApI che. A aMkamAM bALako mATenI racanAo uparAMta bALakoe dorelAM aneka citro ApavAmAM Ave che, te enI vizeSatA gaNAya. eka saikAthI paNa vadhu dIrgha gujarAtI bALasAmayikonI yAtrA 52 naja2 nAkhIe to thoDI nirAzA Upaje che. 'presa ina inDiyA'nA 1977nA AMkaDA pramANe gujarAtamAMthI prasiddha thatAM kula 618 patromAMthI mAtra 12 ja bALako mATenAM sAmayiko che. Ane mukAbale hiMdI bhASAmAM 34 ane baMgALImAM 26 pragaTa thatAM hatAM. gujarAtI bALasAmiyakonuM I. sa. 1977mAM kula vecANa 1,27,000 jeTaluM che. paraMtu samRddha vartamAnapatronI AMgaLIe cAlatAM 'phUlavADI', 'jhagamaga', 'niraMjana' ane 'cAMdAmAmA' jevAM bALasAmayikone bAda karatAM bIjAM sAmayikone UgavAno ghaNo ocho avakAza maLyo che. 'bAlamitra' ane 'bAlajIvana' jevAM varSo sudhI bALajagatanI sevA karanArAM sAmayikonuM prakAzana kAM to aniyamita che athavA to baMdha thaI gayuM che. AthI ja gujarAtI bhASAmAM vyaktigata rIte bALasAyiko prasiddha karavAnA je prayatno thayA che, temAM bALamaraNanuM pramANa ghaNuM vadhu rahyuM che. AraMbhanAM bALasAmayikomAM taMtrI ke saMpAdakanI niSThA ke cIvaTanuM suMdara pratibiMba paDatuM hatuM. sarva zrI mahAzaMkara bhaTTa, ramaNalAla, nAnAlAla zAha, bhIkhAbhAI vyAsa, naTavaralAla vImAvALA, ApaNAM bALasAmayiko 143 naTavaralAla mALavI, nagInadAsa pArekha, somAbhAI bhAvasAra, kizora gAMdhI vagere taMtrIo sahajamAM ja yAda AvI jAya che. Aje e badhAnI niSkriyatA ke gerahAjarI pratIta thAya che. gujarAtInAM bALasAmayikonI viSayasAmagrImAM AveluM parivartana jeTaluM noMdhapAtra che teTaluM ciMtAjanaka paNa kharuM. prAraMbhanAM sAmayikomAM nIti-bodhano upadeza kendrasthAne raheto hato. pazu-paMkhIno paricaya, mAhitIprada lekho ane kavitAo ApavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. e pachI rahasyakathAo ApavAnI zarU thaI, ane have to krAimasTaoNrI ApavAmAM Ave che. bALakane AmAM rasa paDe kharo, paraMtu bALako mATenuM A yogya sAhitya gaNAya kharuM ? bALamAnasane AvAM kathAnako khoTe mArge dorI jAya che. bIjI bAju AvA viSayane kAraNe bALaka ane pukhta vayanI vyakti vaccenI bhedarekhA bhUMsAI gaI che jethI ghaNI moTI vayanI vyaktio bALasAmayika vAMce che. agAunAM sAmayikomAM kAvyo, joDakaNAM, kahevatakathAo ApavAmAM AvatI, Aje kAvyo nahivat banI gayAM che, badhI ja viSayasAmagrI bAju para jatI rahI che ane citravArtA badhAnuM sthAna laIne beThI che. bIjI bAju aMgrejI citravArtAonA juvALe bALasAhityane ghaNI hAni pahoMcADI che. indrajALa, kaoNmiksa, TArajhana ane suparamenanI citravArtAoe bALasAhitya para moTuM AkramaNa karyuM che. bALakane enI potAnI kalpanAnI duniyA hoya che. ApaNe ene rAjA rANI ke parInI sRSTimAMthI bahAra lAvyA kharo, paNa enI barAbarI karI zake tevI Adhunika vArtAsRSTi ApI zakyA nathI. keTalAka prazno paNa vicAra mAgI le che. aMgrejI mAdhyamanI

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144 | bhAvana-vibhAvanA nizALamAM bhaNatA bALakane gujarAtI bALasAmayikamAM saheje dilacaspI nahi lAge. bIjI bAju bALaka para bhaNatarano bojo ja eTalo badho vadhI gayo che ke itara vAcananI zakyatA ochI thaI gaI che. vaLI jema jema TelivijhananA mAdhyamano bahoLo pracAra thaze, tema tema bALasAhitya ke bALasAmayiko sAme navo prazna Ubho thaze. bALaka nizALe jAya, ghera lesana kare, Telivijhane jue, pachI enI pAse bALasAmayika vAMcavAno samaya phAjala raheze kharo ? oNphaseTanI sAthe bALasAmayiko vadhu raMgaberaMgI ane sajAvaTabharyA banyAM che, paNa enI sAthe kharca paNa ghaNo vadhyo che. bALakonI kalpanAsRSTine pArakhanArA kuzaLa citrakArono abhAva tema ja kAgaLa ane chApakAmanA vadhelA bhAvo avarodharUpa bane che. taMtrInI cIvaTa ane cokkasa dRSTi sAthe pragaTa thatuM koI gujarAtI bALasAmayika Aje najare paDatuM nathI; e kAMI ochuM du:khada kahevAya ? thoDAM varSo pUrve evo samaya hato ke jyAre gujarAtImAMthI pAMca ke sAta gujarAtI bALasAmayiko pragaTa thatAM hatAM. Aje emAM oTa AvI che. AnuM eka kAraNa e che ke ApaNAM bALasAmayikoe ane enA lekhakoe bhAgye ja bALakonI badalAtI rUcino vicAra karyo che. AjanA bALakane avakAzayAtrA, yaMtramAnava ane komyuTaramAM rasa paDavA lAgyo che. A reader's interestnI tapAsa karavAmAM ane tene saMtoSavAmAM ApaNAM sAmayiko niSphaLa gayAM che. vaLI bALasAhityanA ghaNA prasiddha lekhakone amuka viSaya navIna lAgato hoya, paNa te eka dAyako pasAra thaI jatAM jUno banI jAya che. gijubhAInI vArtAo AjanA bALakane keTalI sparze, te savAla vicAravo rahyo. ApaNAM bALasAmayiko A rIte ApaNAM bALasAmayiko rucino paDakAra jhIlavAmAM niSphaLa gayAM. jema ruci badalAya te rIte sAmayikanuM kalevara paNa badalAvuM joIe. vaLI enI sAthosAtha bALasAhityamAM kheDANa karanArA lekhako chellAM keTalAMya varSothI lakhatA rahyA. keTalAke to mAga pramANe thokabaMdha lakhyuM. AnI sAme anya sAhityaprakAra kheDanArA sarjakomAMthI bahu ochAe bALasAhityanI racanA karI. pariNAme maulika pratibhAnI khoTa satata vartAtI rahI. bALasAmayikanI oTano A samaya che ane AvatI kAle duSkALa paNa pravarte. kAraNa ke have vyaktigata prayAsathI bALasAmayika pragaTa karavuM muzkela banI gayuM che. mUDInuM rokANa, kAgaLa ane prinTiMganA vadhelA bhAva tema ja vecANataMtrano abhAva vyaktigata prayAsomAM sauthI vadhu avarodhaka banI rahe che. koI mAtabara prakAzanasaMsthA ja AvuM sAhasa karI zake ane nibhAvI zake tyAre bALasAmayikonI AvatIkAla ciMtA prere tevI che.

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rAmAyaNano marma - eka AsvAda 143 saMskRtinA vArApherA para paNa najara noMdhAyelI che. bhUtakALanI sAthosAtha vartamAnane joIne gaIkAlanA itihAsanuM AjanI ghaTanAo sAthe sAtatya tAravI Ape che. rAmAyaNanI kuTuMbajIvananI bhAvanA ke jAtisamAnatAno khyAla AjanA pariprekSyamAM paNa eTalo ja tAjo lAge che.. nava rAmAyaNano marma - eka AsvAda manubhAI paMcoLI 'darzaka' sarjaka che eTalA ja samartha ciMtaka paNa che. itihAsa ane saMskRtinuM aMjana temanI dRSTimAM thayeluM che. eTale rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhAratano marma pakaDavAnI AgavI sUjha ane zakti temanAmAM hoya te svAbhAvika che. rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhAratamAM evI akhUTa ciMtanasAmagrI paDelI che ke yuge yuge tenAM rahasyo pAmavAno prayatna sauMdarya ane satyanA upAsako karatA rahe che. darzake rAmAyaNa vize ApelAM A be vyAkhyAno sAMprata samayanA saMdarbhamAM noMdhapAtra prayatna nIvaDe che. emanAmAMno sAhityakAra, vAlmIkinA prakRtidarzanane ane tulasIdAsanI rAmabhaktine pragaTa kare che to saMskRticiMtaka darzaka baMne rAmAyaNanA sarjanakALanI aitihAsika pIThikA AlekhIne enA kendramAM kRtine mUkIne vicAre che. darzakanI dRSTie sarvagrAhI dRSTi che. emAM itihAsano abhyAsa che to vAlmIki rAmAyaNa vizenA prathama vyAkhyAnamAM teo kahe che ke vAlmIki rAmAyaNamAM sarjakanI pratijJA ja mAnava-caritra varNavavAnI che. rAma rUpe koI deva ke paramAtmAnA caritranuM bhASya vAlmIkine abhiSTa nathI. temanA vaktavyano dora satata mAnavIne lakSamAM rAkhIne ja cAlyo che, kemake rAma sAmAnya (evareja) manuSyanA pratinidhi tarIke enI maryAdAo sAthe jIvyA hatA ane svadharmapAlana dvArA puruSottamarUpe vikasyA - vilamyA hatA. sItAvirahamAM rAma paththaranI zilAo paNa pIgaLI jAya tevuM haiyAphATa rudana kare che, lamaNanI mUcha vakhate hAma gumAvI bese che, ayodhyA choDyA pachI lakSmaNanI pAse strIAsakta pitAnI thoDI TIkA rAmathI thaI jAya che, sItAne ayodhyAmAM rahevAnI salAha ApavAnI sAthosAtha rAma ene evI vyavahAru salAha paNa Ape che ke mArA vanamAM gayA pachI bharata samakSa mArI kadApi prazaMsA karavI nahi, kAraNa ke ezvaryavALA puruSo bIjAnI prazaMsA sahana karI zakatA nathI. AvI ja rIte laMkAvijaya pachI potAnA AgamananI khabara ApavA mATe rAma hanumAnane bharata pAse javA kahe che. tyAre ema paNa kahe che ke mArA AgamananA samAcAra sAMbhaLIne bharatanI mukharekhA ane hAvabhAvamAM koI anya bhAva nathI ne, te tuM joje. sItAnI agniparIkSA vakhate paNa lokopavAdathI DaranArA rAma kIrtine prema karatAM moTI mAnatA jaNAya che.

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rAmAyaNano marma - eka AsvAda 149 jevI manuSya-manuSya vaccenI dIvAlone oLaMgIne saMskRtionuM milana race che. asura saMskRti, vAnara saMskRti, bhIla-zabare saMskRti ane Arya saMskRtinAM pratinidhirUpa caritro ane kuTuMbajIvana emAM AlekhAyAM che. rAvaNanA ahaMkAranI sAme yuddha khelavA badhI jAtinA loko rAma sAthe joDAyA che. niSAda-bhIla ane hanumAna to rAmanA gADha mitra. AdivAsI zabara jAtinI strI zabarInA bora rAmane mAtAnA bhojana karatAMya vadhAre mIThAM lAge che. jAti ke varNanI khAIone oLaMgIne mAnavajIvananI udAtta bhAvanAno setu A saMskRtionA sathavAre bAMdhI zakAya. 148 bhAvana-vibhAvanA Ama vAlmIkinA rAma zaMkA-kuzaMkA, mAna-apamAna, rAgadveSa jevI, mAnavIya maryAdAo sUcavatA manobhAvo anubhave che. mAtra eTaluM ja ke rAmanuM caritra sthaLa bhAvomAM ja sImita rahevAne badale vyaktitva-vikAsanI Urdhvagati paNa sAdhe che. rAmamAM vacanapAlana ane du:khono dRDhatAthI sAmano karavAnI vRtti che. paraMtu kekeyI pratyenuM emanuM valaNa mAnavaaudAryanuM zikhara darzAve che. bharata kekeyI pratye satata dhRNA ane phiTakAra varasAve che tyAre rAma satata mAtRvat vyavahAra dAkhave che. kekeyIno upakAra mAnatAM rAma kahe che ke vanavAsathI to bharatanA bhAtRpremano, lakSmaNanI bhaktino, sItAnA pativratano. sugrIvanI maitrIno ane sauthI vadhu to vAnaraputra hanumAnanAM aparimeya sAmarthya, DahApaNa ane vaphAdArIno sukhada anubhava sAMpaDyo. vanavAsa gayA ja na hota to A motIonI parakha thaI na hota. Ama vanavAsane AzIrvAda lekhatA rAmano cetovistAra spaSTa thAya che. rAmAyaNano marma rAma-rAvaNanA yuddhamAM nathI teTalo rAma, lakSmaNa, sItA, hanumAna, dazaratha AdinA vyavahAranI nAjuka ane kvacit visaMvAdI lAgatI rItimAM dekhAya che. 'darzaka' kathAnAM paDepaDa ukelatA jaIne A marmane vaktavyanA pravAhamAM ramatAM-ramatAM spaSTa karatA gayA che. vanamAM jatI vakhate rAmanA sItA pratyenA udgAra, sItAno svIkAra karatAM pahelAM rAme kahelAM kaThora vacano, mArIcanI cIsa sAMbhaLIne sItAe lakSmaNane kahelAM upAlaMbhavacano, kekeyI pratyenuM rAma ane bharatanuM vartana, bharatano sAtatyapUrNa baMdhu-prema vagere rAmAyaNanI kathAne gRhakathAnA udAtta AdarzanI chApa ApatAM dRSTAMto che. rAmAyaNa mAtra kuTuMbapremanI ja kathA nathI, balake saMskRtionA setunuM ramaNIya kAvya paNa che. AmAM rAmanuM caritra jAti ke varNa rAvaNa eTale ahaMkAra ane unmattatA. je baLane ja ArAdhya mAnIne satya, zIla ke nyAyanI avagaNanA kare. AvuM unmatta baLa rAvaNamAM pragaTa thayuM enI sAme rAmamAM svastha baLa pragaTa thayuM, je baLane badale dharmane ArAdhyadeva mAne. A svastha baLanuM pravartana vera ke badalAnI bhAvanAthI thatuM nathI. mAtra kartavyarUpe e pragaTa thAya che. AthI to rAvaNane haNanAra rAma ja vibhISaNane enuM zrAddha karavAnuM sUcave che ane temAM pote hAjara raheze tema kahe che. A rIte vAlmIki rAmAyaNanA marmano taMtu vyaktithI samaSTi sudhI sAMkaLIne darzake eka navuM parimANa upasAvI ApyuM che. vaLI vAlmIki ane tulasIdAsanA sarjanagata dRSTibhedane paNa temaNe sacoTa upasAvyo che je AjanA saMdarbhamAM khUba upayogI che. tulasIdAse karelAM arthaghaTanone mATe darzake yogya pariprekSya pUro pADyo che. vAlmIkie jAti, jJAti ke varNanA bheda tUTe ane saMskRtionuM milana thAya tevI bhAvanA pragaTa karI eno ja pratighoSa tulasIdAsamAM dekhAya che. vAlmIki rAmanA samakAlIna hatA ane temanI najara rAmanA mAnavacaritra para rahelI che, jyAre tulasIdAsane to maryAdApuruSottama bhaktavatsala

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rAmAyaNano marma - eka AsvAda | 151 jAya che ane kyAMka potAnA vaktavyamAM ja e AdhAro vaNI le che jene pariNAme satata pravAhitA jaLavAI che. darzakanuM A ciMtana vyAkhyAna rUpe vyakta thayuM che. upasthita zrotAgaNane uddezIne kahevAnuM hovAthI samakAlIna rAjakIya ane sAmAjika pravAhonI vAta paNa kyAMka kyAMka Ave che, je prAsaMgika rasa pUro pADavA uparAMta mULa viSayane vyApaka saMdarbhamAM mUkI Ape che, jethI aprastuti anubhavAtI nathI. ApaNI sAMskRtika vArasAne vaibhavanA A samartha ciMtaka pAsethI ApaNA A be mahAna graMthonA vadhu UMDA, vyavasthita ane sattvapUrNa abhyAsanI apekSA ja gADe che. rasabiMdu cAkhyA pachI amRtapAnanI tRSA jAge evo anubhava A kRti vAMcatAM thayo che. No bhAvana-vibhAvana vIraziromaNi rAmanI jarUra hatI. AthI vAlmIki rAmAyaNamAM rAma karatAM bharatanuM caritra ke sItA karatAM UrmilAnuM caritra caDiyAtuM lAge che. jyAre tulasIdAsane to evA trAtA rAma ApavA hatA je muslima yugamAM dIna, hIna, lAcAra ane vADAomAM vaheMcAI gayelA samAjane jagADe. AthI ja tulasIdAsanA rAma zivanuM pUjana kare che, to bIjI bAju zaMkara pArvatIne A rAmakathA saMbhaLAve che. Ama vADAomAM vaheMcAyelA dharmamAM ekatA sthApavAno tulasIdAsano Azaya hato, paraMtu tulasIdAsanA rAma bhagavAna hovAthI emanI sAMsArika vartaNUka tulasIdAsa samajAvI zakyA nathI. tulasIdAsane mana saguNa karatAM sAkAra ane sAkAra karatAM nAmabhakti vizeSa caDiyAtA che. hakIkatamAM to tulasIdAse rAma karatAM paNa rAmanAmano mahimA darzAvIne ghaNI moTI phALa bharI che. rAmAyaNa vizenA A baMne lekhomAM 'darzaka' anya dharmagraMthono paNa jarUra paDye, ullekha kare che. bAibalanI vArtA ke zIkha guru nAnakanA hRdayadrAvaka bhajanano ullekha che. bronaskinA 'esenTa oNpha mena' pustakanA ullekhanI sAthosAtha cAraNa isaradAnanI satyaghaTanA paNa maLe. pleTo ane eNrisToTalanA kuTuMba vizenA vicAro paNa AlekhAyA che je emanI bahuzrutatAno paricaya karAve che. darzakanI zailImAM pravAhitA che. vAcaka sAthe mokaLe mane vAta karatA hoya tema emanI zailI nirADaMbara saraLatA dharAve che. kyAMka koI sUktirUpa vAkya paNa maLe che jemake, 'manane dizA batAve te maMdira' (pR. 40), "manuSya eTale anya lokonA Adara ane prazaMsA jhaMkhanAro jIva, bIjAnI niMdA ke stuti jene sparzatAM ja nathI te deva' (pR. 5), 'sukhadu:kha vaheMcIne khAya tenuM nAma kuTuMba' (pR. 70). A uparAMta potAnA vaktavyanA samarthanamAM rAmAyaNamAMthI lekhaka AdhAro TAMkatA

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dasa AtmayogInI aMtarayAtrA AtmayogInI aMtara yAtrA 53 pragati ke pIchehaThanI noMdha ke nijAnaMdanI abhivyakti mATe lakhanArA virala hoya che. yogasAdhaka AcAryazrI buddhisAgarasUrijInI rojanIzI A prakAranI che. temanA sudIrgha jIvanakALanA lAMbA paTane AvarI letI aneka varSonI rojanIzIo emaNe lakhI hovA chatAM, emanI eka eka ja varSanI rojanIzI atyAre prApta thAya che. nAnakaDI DokAbArImAMthI mahelamAM najara nAkhIe ane jema tenI aMdara rahelI amUlya samRddhinuM darzana thAya, evo anubhava zrI buddhisAgarasUrijInI A eka varSanI rojanIzI parathI thAya che. AmAMthI temanA bhavya abhuta jIvanakAryano khyAla AvI jAya che. AmAM teonA yoga, samAdhi, adhyAtmaciMtana, vizALa ane vaividhyapUrNa vAcana, lokahitakArI pravRttionuM Ayojana ane gajhalamAM mastIrUpe pragaTatA nijAnaMdanuM darzana thAya che. samagra jIvanamAM eka varSanuM mahattva keTaluM ? paLano paNa pramAda nahi sevanAra jAgrata AtmAne mATe to aMtarayAtrAnA patha para prayANa karavA mATe pratyeka varSa nahi, balka pratyeka kSaNa mUlyavAna hoya che ane bhagavAna mahAvIranI paLamAtra jeTalAya pramAda nahi karavAnI zIkha, e rIte caritArtha thaI zake che. Ano jIvaMta Alekha AcAryazrI buddhisAgarasUrijInI vi. saM. 1971nI, mAtra eka ja varSanI DAyarImAMthI maLI jAya che. eka bAju vihAra, vyAkhyAna ane upadezanI dharmapravRtti cAle, bIjI bAju bhinna bhinna viSayonAM pustakonuM satata vAcana thAya, sAthosAtha mananI prakriyA to cAlu ja hoya ane A badhAmAMthI cUMTAI ghUMTAIne lekhana thatuM hoya. hajI ATaluMya ochuM hoya tema, avirata dhyAnasAdhanA paNa cAlatI ja hoya ane kalAkonA kalAko sudhI dhyAna lagAvyA pachI thatI AtmAnubhUtinuM amRtapAna karavAmAM AvatuM hoya ! DAyarI eTale rojanIzI, dainika pravRttinI noMdha. kharuM jotAM DAyarInI AtmalakSI noMdha eka prakAranuM AtmasaMbhASaNa bane che, jemAMthI lekhaka AtmanirIkSaNa karIne potAnA guNadoSa joI zake che. moTA bhAganI DAyarIo bhautika pravRttionI noMdharUpe hoya che, ane temAM aihika sukha-du:kha ke saphaLatA-niSphaLatAnuM athavA gamAaNagamAnuM nidarzana karatI noMdho jovA maLe che. paraMtu thoDIka evI paNa DAyarIo hoya che, jemAM kevaLa AdhyAtmika anubhavonuM nirUpaNa ja hoya che, ane lakhanAra emAM potAnA vAMcana, manana, nididhyAsana, AtmaciMtana, AtmAnaMda ityAdi AMtaraguhAmAM cAlatI ghaTanAonI noMdha Ape che. jo tenAmAM sAhityika zakti hoya to, tene lagatA gadya-padyanA udgAromAM sAhityika sugaMdha AvavA pAme che. niHspRha ane nirmama bhAve, kevaLa AdhyAtmika

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154 bhAvana-vibhAvanA AcAryazrI buddhisAgarasUrijInI A DAyarIomAM eka bAju sarjanaprakriyA-nibaMdho, kAvyo ane ciMtano ityAdino Alekha maLe che, to bIjI tarapha emanA vihAra ane vAcananA ullekho maLe che. A ullekho pramANamAM ochA che, paraMtu eka AtmajJAnInA ullekho tarIke te dhyAna kheMce tevA che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM jaina sAdhuone hAthe bahoLA pramANamAM sAhityasarjana thayuM che. arvAcIna yugamAM e paraMparAnuM sAtatya AcAryazrI buddhisAgarasUrijInI sAhityopAsanAmAM jovA maLe che. emaNe mAtra covIsa varSanA sAdhu-jIvana daramiyAna saMskRta, hiMdI ane gujarAtI ema traNa bhASAomAM kula 115 jeTalA graMtho lakhyA. e samaye sAdhusamAjamAM game te rIte ziSyo banAvavAnI hoDa cAlatI hatI; tyAre jJAnopAsaka buddhisAgarasUrijIe 115 'amara graMthaziSyo' banAvavAno nirNaya karyo hato. emanA 25 graMtho ciMtana ane tattvajJAnathI bharelA che; 24 graMthomAM emanI kAvyasaravANI vahe che, jyAre saMskRta bhASAmAM emaNe bAvIseka graMtho lakhyA hatA. emanA kAvyasAhitya vize gujarAtanA 'yugamUrti vArtAkAra' tarIke vikhyAta navalakathAkAra zrI ramaNalAla vasaMtalAla desAIe kahyuM hatuM : zrI buddhisAgarajInuM sAhitya eTale ? ene hiMdu paNa vAMcI zake, jaina paNa vAMcI zake, muslima paNa vAMcI zake. sone sarakhuM upayogI thaI paDe tevuM e kAvyasAhitya, buddhisAgarasUrijIne ApaNA bhakta ane jJAnI kavionI hAramAM mUkI de evuM che." yoganiSTha AcAryazrI buddhisAgarasUrijInA vAcana, manana ane nididhyAsananI triveNIno anubhava paNa emanI A DAyarImAMthI thAya che. AgaLa sUcavyuM tema emaNe ghaNAM varSonI DAyarIo lakhI hatI, paraMtu atyAre to emanI vi. saM. 1971nI mAtra eka DAyarI AtmayogInI aMtarayAtrA 1papa ja upalabdha thaI che. paraMtu A rojanIzI e karmayogI, dhyAnayogI ane jJAnayogI AcAryanA vyaktitvane nakhazikha darzAvI jAya che. 1971nI A rojanIzInA AraMbhe teo gurusmaraNa kare che. gusmaraNanA A kAvyamAM emanI tanmayatA satata taravaryA kare che. teo vicAre che ke, guru pAse mAgavAnuM zuM hoya ? - jyAM mAgyA vinA ja badhuM maLatuM hoya che. rojanIzImAM AlekhAyelA sAta kaDInA A kAvyanI eka khUbI e che ke, AkhA kAvyanuM Alekhana saheja paNa chekachAka vagaranuM jovA maLe che, hRdayamAM jAgato bhAva sIdhesIdho ja rojanIzInAM pAnAM para aMkAto gayo hoya tema lAge che. AmAM teone zAbdika pheraphAro paNa karavA paDyA nathI ! ahIM gurubhAvanAnuM gaurava karatAM teo kahe che : UMdhyo deva jagAvIyo re - deha derAsaramAMhI - pragaTe vahuni vanithI re - gurathI guru paNuM mAMhI." - A pachI AcAryazrI buddhisAgarasUrijI guruziSyanA aikyanI vAta karIne vi. saM. 1971nA nUtana varSanA prAraMbhe bhAvapUrvaka gurune smare che. teoe gAyelo A gurumahimA anubhUtinA pAyA para racAyelo hovAthI vadhAre hRdayasparzI banyo che. vijApuranA eka nirakSara kaNabI kuTuMbanA bALakanuM gurukRpAe ja yoganiSTha AcArya tarIke AdhyAtmika rUpAMtara thayuM hatuM, e ahIM paNa joI zakAya che. rojanIzInA AraMbhe 'sva'mAM paramAtmabhAva anubhavavAnI potAnI jhaMkhanAne pragaTa karatAM teo kahe che : sarva jIvonI rakSArthe pravRtti karAo. satya vadavAmAM jIvana vahyA karo. asteya, brahmacarya, parigrahatyAga vagerenI ArAdhanA

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mAvana-vibhAvanA paripUrNa dravya ane bhAvathI thAo. apramattapaNe AtmasamAdhimAM dravya ane bhAvathI svajIvana vaho. jaina zAsananI prabhAvanA thAya evA saMyogo prApta thAo. jaina dRSTie, zAsanarakSaka dRSTie, sarvajIvadayA dRSTie, sarva nAmonI apekSAe mana, vacana ane kAyAmAM kriyA (karma), yogita ane jJAnayogiva pragaTo. adhyAtmajJAnanAM ucca rahasyonA anubhave vaDe AtmA sahajAnaMdamAM masta raho. apramatta bhAvanI jIvanmuktimAM zuddhopayoga vaDe sthiratA thAo. uttama jJAna, darzana ane cAritra dvArA 'sva mAM paramAtmatva enubhavAo.' A eka varSa daramiyAna emaNe aneka sthaLoe vihAra karyo hato. emAM mANasA, ridrola, vijApura, IDara, kheDabrahmA, kuMbhAriyAjI, aMbAjI, Abu, acalagaDha, dAMtIvADA, pAlanapura, siddhapura, UMjhA, mahesANA, bhoyaNI, vIramagAma, godhAvI, kalola, pAnasara ane pethApura jevAM jANItAM gAmo uparAMta anya gAmono paNa samAveza thato hato, paraMtu eka varSamAM karelA ATalA vihAra daramiyAna emanI vAcanapravRtti to satata ane tIvra vege cAlu rahI hatI, pote vAMcelAM pustakonI noMdha teo rojanIzImAM karatA jAya che. A eka ja varSamAM emaNe 'samayamAmRta', zubhacaMdra AcAryata 'jJAnArNavasAroddhAra' (bIjI vakhata), 'rAjendrabhidhAnakoza' (bhA. 1), 'jJAnacakra (bhA. 8), 'mahAbalamalayAsuMdarI', 'saMskRta tilakamaMjarI', 'caMdraprabhu', 'vikramorvazIyam' (bhASAMtara), 'vidhaEratnamAlA' ane 'jaina dRSTie yoga' jevAM pustako vAMcyAM; jyAre AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanuM 'dharmavarNana', mananapUrvaka vAMcyuM ema kahe che, to mANasAnA darabAra pAsethI lIdheluM ratnamAla' pustaka vAMcIne pAchuM ApyAnI noMdha maLe che. e ja rIte sANaMdanI sarakArI lAibrerImAMthI lIdhelAM pustako vAMcIne pAchAM ApyAM, tenI yAdI paNa maLe che. A graMtho uparAMta 'gujarAtano AtmayogInI aMtarayAtrA 153 arvAcIna itihAsa', 'kaNabI-kSatriya itihAsa' ane 'padmamahApurANa" jevA graMtho vAMcyA hatA, 'jIvanazaktinuM baMdhAraNa", "svAmI rAmatIrthano sadupadeza' (bhAga 7), 'gujarAta sarvasaMgraha', 'svadeza', 'hiMdanI udyogasthiti', 'bhArata lokakathA', 'dariyApAranA dezonI vAto' jevAM pustako paNa vAMcyAM hatAM, 'adhyAtmopaniSada'nuM cothI vAra manana karyuM, to "jana oNpha Arka', 'kumudinI', 'AMkha kI kIrakIrI', 'zAMtikuTira', 'subhASitamuktAvali' tema ja 'narmakavitA' jevA graMtho paNa vAMcyA hatA. vaLI, vi. saM. 1971nI vaizAkha suda pAMcamanA roja zrI motIcaMda giradharalAla kApaDiyAe AnaMdaghananAM pado para lakhelI prastAvanA ane upodyAta vAMcyAnI noMdha paNa maLe che. A varSa daramiyAna emanI lekhanapravRtti cAlatI rahI hatI. 'karmayoga" nAmano emano graMtha chapAto hato e paNa noMdhyuM che. vihAra ane vyAkhyAno cAlatAM hatAM, enI sAthosAtha ATalI badhI jJAnapravRtti cAlu rAkhavI te virala ja kahevAya. kyAreka koI jijJAsuneya abhyAsamAM sahAyabhUta thatA hatA. saMvata 1971nI mAgazara vada amAse zA. mohanalAla jesiMgabhAIne pAMcamA karmagraMthanI sittera gAthA sudhI abhyAsa karAvyAnI noMdha paNa maLe che. saM. 1971nA poSa sudi chaThanI noMdhamAM teo lakhe che - sAMjanA samaye kaDI prAMtanA subAsAheba rA. goviMdajIbhAI hAthIbhAI darzanArthe AvyA. temane prajAnI sevA karavI, sAdhuono upadeza zravaNa karavo, prajAjanonAM duHkho tarapha lakSya devuM, lAibrerIo, borDiMgo vizeSa pramANamAM vyavasthApUrvaka ughADavA mATe upadeza dIdho . gAyakavADI rAjyamAM sAdhuone mATe saMskRta pAThazALA ughADavA upadeza dIdho." AvI ja rIte phAgaNa vada 8nA divase "pro. rAmamUrti senDonI mulAkAta laI dhArmika vicArono upadeza Apyo" evI noMdha paNa maLe che.

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bhAvana-vibhAvana emano sAhityaprema sarvatra dekhAya che. teo gujarAtI sAhityanA vartamAna pravAho ane sAkSarothI paricita hatA. gujarAtI sAhityanA saMzodhaka zrI ke. ha. dhruva vize emaNe lakhelA apragaTa stutikAvyamAM A jJAnI ane dhyAnI yogIrAjane sAhityasaMzodhaka pratye keTalo Adara che, te pragaTa thAya che. teo kahe che : 158 "milanasAra svabhAve sArA, sAkSaravargamAM pyArA, uttama vidyAnA AdhArA, sadguNanA avatAra. dhanya dhanya zubha mAta tAta nai, dhanya gurjara avatArI, moTA mananA zubha paramArthI, tava jIvana balihArI. amara karyuM nija nAma jagatamAM, guNakArI zubhakArI, 'buddhisAgara' maMgala pArmo, guNagaNanA bhaMDArI." AvI ja rIte sANaMdathI AcAryazrI buddhisAgarasUrijIe munizrI jinavijayajIne maitrIne biradAvatuM ane jJAnavRddhinI abhilASA pragaTa karatuM ATha kaDInuM kAvya lakhyuM che. A rojanIzIno keTaloka bhAga 'karmayoga', 'bhajanasaMgraha', 'jainagItA' ane 'sukhasAgara gurugItA' nAme emanA graMthomAM pragaTa thayo che. AthI ahIM apragaTa evA gadya ane padya bhAgane jovAno upakrama rAkhyo che. AmAM sAcI bhaktine batAvatA emanA eka apragaTa kAvyamAM teo 'hirano mAraga zUrAno che' ema kahetA jaNAya che. teo kahe che ke, mAtra mukhethI bhakta kahevaDAvavAthI kAma patI jatuM nathI. ene mATe to prayatna ane niSkAma bhAvanA jarUrI che. teo AvA kRtaka bhaktone pUche che : "kahe. mukhathI tamAro chuM, tamone sau samarpaNa che. vicArI Apa uttarane, amArI zI karI sevA ? hane lakSmI ghaNI vhAlI, tane kIrti ghaNI vhAlI, kahe che bhaktino bhUkhyo, amArI zI karI sevA ?" AtmayogInI aMtarayAtrA 159 Ama kahIne viveka vinA vitta kharacavAnI, asatya ane parigrahanI tema ja saMsAranA pravAhamAM gatAnugatika rIte taNAvAnI sAmAnya janonI manovRttinI vAta karIne bhArapUrvaka kahe che - 'gaNAvuM bhakta koTImAM, nathI kAMI vAta e helI. AvI ja rIte anya kAvyamAM paramAtmAnuM jIbhethI raTaNa karanArAo sAme cetavaNI uccAratAM e kahe che ke 'tattvamasi' ke 'sokan' bolavAthI pAra nathI Avato. mAtra zabdothI prabhu prApta thaze nahIM, kAraNa ke paramAtmA to zabdAtIta che, ane dhyAnamArge ja pAmI zakAya che. akhAe gAyelA jIva ane brahmanI ekatAnA anubhavanI yAda Ape e rIte A jaina AcArya AnaMdabhera kahe che"sAdhanathI prabhu vegaLA, sAdhanathI prabhu skela; sAdhana sAdhaka sAdhyanA ekave che. gela. " AvA paramAtmAnI jhAMkhI maunathI thAya che. enI khoja karavAnI jarUra nathI. e to ApaNA aMtaramAM ja vaselo che. mAnavInI A ja viDaMbanA che ne ke e bahAranuM badhuM jue che, paNa potAnI aMdara DokiyuM ya karato nathI ! ane bhItaranI duniyA ajANI rahI jAya che. e caMdranI dharatI para bhale jaI Avyo hoya, paraMtu AtmAnI bhUmi ene ajANI lAge che. A aMtaramAM rahelI AnaMdajyotanI jikara karatAM teo lAkSaNika Dhabe kahe che : "jyAM tyAM prabhujI zodhiyA, paNa prabhujI pAsa; AnaMdajyota jANIe, rAkhI mana vizvAsa. prema vinA prabhujI nathI, karo upAya hajAra; marajIvo prabhune maLe, bIjA khAve mAra. nirmala citta thayA vinA, Izvara nA dekhAya; koTI upAya karo, kadI kAka na dhoLo thAya."

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190 bhAvana-vibhAvana "A eka varSa daramiyAna racAyelAM kAvyomAM viSayavaividhya paNa ghaNuM che. emAM 'nAnAM bALako', 'juvAnI', 'mAtA', 'vRddhAvasthA'thI mAMDIne 'dezasevA', 'kanyAvikya', 'sudhAro, yogya kara samajI', 'pragati', 'garIbo para dayA lAvo', 'baLI ! parataMtratA bUrI !', 'maLo to bhAvathI maLazo' ane 'virodho sahu samAvI de' jevI bhAvanAvALAM kAvyo maLe che, to 'sAgara', 'AMbo' ke 'padhAro, meghamahArAja !' jevAM prakRtine uddezIne racAyelAM kAvyo paNa maLe che. jyAre 'sAbaramatImAMthI grAhyazikSaNa', 'AtmAnI tRSNA prati ukti", 'zuddha cetanA satInI AtmasvAmI prati ukti' jevAM AdhyAtmika bhAvanAone anulakSIne thayelAM kAvyasarjanoya sAMpaDe che. emanI pAse zIghrakavitva hovAthI keTalAka patronA pratyuttara teoe padyamaya ApyA hatA. emaNe vi. saM. 1971nA bhAdaravA vada ekame 'ahIM jhaTa megha varSAvo' nAmanuM kAvya lakhyuM ane kavi kahe che ke, "A kAvya karyA bAda bhAdaravAmAM varSA thaI ane tethI gujarAtamAM duSkALa paDavAno hato tene sthAne sukAla thayo." kavie lakheluM 'smazAna' vizenuM kAvya to vizeSa noMdhapAtra che, te e dRSTie ke 240 paMkti jeTaluM lAMbuM kAvya A viSaya para bhAgye ja koIe lakhyuM haze. kAvyano aMta 'phAgu'ne yAda karAve te rIte vairAgyarasamAM Ave che. teo kahe che - "pragaTe vAMcyAthI vairAgya, bAhyAnvaMtara pragaTe tyAga; hove zivasuMdarIno rAga, zAzvata sukhano Ave lAga. Adhi, vyAdhi sahu nAse duHkha, AtmayogInI aMtarayAtrA aMtaramAM pragaTe zivasukha; ratnatrayInI prApti thAya. cAritrI thaI zivapura jAya. bhaNe gaNe je nara ne nAra, dharmI thAvuM te nirdhAra; 'buddhisAgara ' maMgalamALa, pAme thAve jayajayakAra." 11 eka kAvyamAM emaNe "bhagu, tava jIvananI balihArI" kahIne 'jaina'patranA adhipati bhagubhAI phatehacaMdane snehAMjali arpI che. snehAMjalimAM videha pAmela vyakti vize Adara darzAvavAmAM Ave che. paNa kyAreka AvI snehAMjali Adarane badale atizayoktimAM sarI jatI hoya che. AcAryazrI buddhisAgarasUrijIe lakhelI snehAMjalimAM emaNe bhagubhAInA nirbhaya ane sudhAraka vyaktitvane biradAvyuM che, sAthe sAthe emanA virodhIoe emane sapaDAvIne jelamAM bhale mokalyA, paraMtu bhaviSyamAM emanI kiMmata thaze ema teo spaSTa kahe che. bArabAra varSa sudhI AkarA saMjogomAM 'jaina'patra calAvyuM ane kyAreya koI badalAnI AzA rAkhI nahi, e sadguNane kavi darzAve che. paraMtu enI sAthosAtha, bhagubhAInA doSo tarapha AMkhamicAmaNAM karatA nathI. teo kahe che - 'anizcita mana bhame bhamAvyo. kAyavyavasthA na sArI.' bhagubhAInA jIvananI nakkara vigato para A snehAMjali AdhArita che. emAM kavi kyAMya ati prazaMsAmAM sarI paDyA nathI te noMdhapAtra bAbata kahevAya. A rojanIzInA gadyamAM, lakhanAranI ciMtanazIlatA pragaTa thAya che. AmAM aneka viSaya para mananIya lekho maLe che. Aja sudhI apragaTa evA prAmANikatA vizenA nibaMdhamAM teo kahe che ke,

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13 bhAvana-vibhAvanA prAmANika vartanathI jeTalI AtmAnI ane anya janonI unnati thaI zake che, teTalI anyathI thatI nathI. vaLI, rAgadveSa vagere doSono jema jema nAza thato jAya tema tema prAmANikapaNuM vizeSa khIlatuM jAya che. AvI vyaktine vipno ane saMkaTo naDe che, paraMtu te aMte vizvamAM unnatinA zikhare virAjita thAya che." AcAryazrI buddhisAgarasUrijI spaSTa kahe che ke, manuSyamAM sarva guNo karatAM prathama prAmANikapaNAno guNa hovo joIe." Aje ApaNe joIe chIe ke, samAjamAM bhraSTAcAra ziSTAcAra banI gayo che. tyAre A upadeza keTalo sacoTa ane marmasparzI lAge che ! teo kahe che ke, "je dezamAM prAmANika manuSyo hoya te deza svataMtratAthI ane unnatithI zobhI rahe che. dharma, rASTra ane samAjanI unnatino AdhAra prAmANikapaNA para che." AcAryazrI pAse vAstavika paristhitinuM spaSTa darzana hatuM ane tethI ja teo AryAvartanI avanati thavAnuM mukhya kAraNa 'prAmANika guNathI vimukhatA' che tema kahe che. nibaMdhanA samApanamAM potAnA vicAronuM navanIta tAravatAM teo kahe che - prAmANika guNa saMbaMdhI bhASaNa karanArA lAkho manuSyo maLI Avaze, paNa prAmANikapaNe vartanArA to lAkhomAMthI pAMca manuSyo paNa maLe vA na maLe, teno nizcaya karI zakAya nahi. prAmANikapaNe vartanAra mArgonusAri guNane prApta karIne samyattvanI prApti karI zake che, ane samyakatvanI prApti thayA bAda cAritryanI prApti karIne te mokSapadanI prApti karI zake che. Aryavarta vagere AtmayogInI aMtarayAtrA dezomAM prAmANikatAno yadi phelAvo thAya to lUMTaphATa, kleza, yuddha , mArAmArI, gALAgALI, korTomAM aneka prakAranA keso, kusaMpa ane azAMti vagereno nAza thAya emAM jarA mAtra saMzaya nathI. prAmANikapaNe vartavAthI ane bolavAthI kharekharI svanI ane anya manuSyonI unnati karI zakAya che. prAmANika manuSya potAnA vicAro ane AcArothI prAmANika guNanuM vAtAvaraNa vizvamAM phelAve che ane te prAmANika guNanA vAtAvaraNanA saMbaMdhamAM je je manuSyo Ave che te te manuSyone prAmANika guNanI asara thAya che." A vicAromAM AcAryazrInI dRSTi potAnI AsapAsanI vAstavika paristhitine pUrepUrI pArakhe che, AthI prAmANikapaNAnA dunyavI lAbho paNa te darzAve che. AnI sAthosAtha teo karmayogI e AtmayogI hovAthI, AtmonnatimAM A guNanI upakArakatA darzAvavAnuM paNa cUkatA nathI. mAnavIe daivI saMpatti vadhAravAnI che, ane e saMpattimAM prAmANikatAno guNa paNa keTalo phALo ApI zake che, te teo batAve che. gaccha, saMghADA ane saMpradAyomAM cAlatA mamatva vizenI emanI AMtaravedanA paNa eka noMdhamAM vyakta thAya che. teo laghu vartuLamAMthI anaMta Atmazuddha vartuLamAM pravezavAnI himAyata kare che ane AmAM emanI vyApaka tema ja samanvayasAdhaka dRSTino paricaya sAMpaDe che. teo potAnA vihAranAM sthAnonuM paNa varNana Ape che. e sthAnonA jainonI ane jainamaMdironI vigato Ape che. zilAlekhono jhINavaTabhera abhyAsa kare che. vi. saM. 1971nA mahA vada 13ne zukravAre delavADAthI Abu AvyA ane, eka itihAsanA saMzodhakanI jema teo potAnI noMdhamAM lakhe che - vastupAla ane tejapAlanA derAsaramAM derANI-jeThANInA

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134 bhAvana-vibhAvanA gokhalo kahevAya che, paraMtu te para lakhelA lekhanA AdhAre khoTI paDe che. tejapAlanI strI suhaDAdevInA zreyArtha te be gokhalAone tejapAle karAvyA che." A rIte AcAryazrI jainamaMdironA zilAlekhono jhINavaTabhera abhyAsa kare che ane sAthosAtha dharmasthAnanA Atmajyoti jagADatA prabhAvane aMtaramAM anubhave che. AthI ja teo kahe che - "cetanajIne kheDabrahmA, derola, galoDA vageremAM sthAvara tIrthanAM darzana karAvI AtmaramaNatAmAM vRddhi karavA yAtrAno prayatna sevyo." AcAryazrI buddhisAgarasUrijInI eka vizeSatA e che ke emaNe bhulAyelI yogasAdhanAne punaH pratiSThA ApI. A rojanIzImAM adhyAtmajJAna saMbaMdhI teo vistRta carcA kare che. AmAM emano zAstrano abhyAsa, vicAraka tarIkenI sukSmatA, kathanane kramabaddha AlekhavAnI kuzaLatA tema ja potAnA kayitavyane zAstranA AdhAro TAMkIne darzAvavAnI nipuNatA jovA maLe che. rojanIzInAM saDasaTha pAnAMomAM emaNe A viSayanI vistRta carcA karI che. vihAra, vyAkhyAna, upadeza, vAcana, manana ane lekhanamAM rata rahetA A yogIrAjanuM lakSa to AtmAnI oLakha pAmavAnuM ja rahyuM che. A rojanIzImAM sAlaMbana ke nirAlaMbana dhyAnanI carcA karIne teo AtmajJAnapUrvaka AtmadhyAna dharIne, AtmasamAdhi prApta karavAnuM kahe che. A AtmasamAdhinI mahattA darzAvatAM teo kahe che samAdhisukha prApta karavuM e manuSyajIvananuM mukhya kartavya che... samAdhisukhane prApta karavuM e kadApi AtmadhyAna vinA banI zake ema nathI. AtmadhyAnamAM paripUrNa lakSya rAkhIne AtmayogInI aMtarayAtrA 165 AtmadhyAnano sthiropayoge abhyAsa karavAthI sAlaMbana ane nirAlaMbana dhyAnanuM samyak svarUpa avabodhAya che, ane tethI sAlaMbana ane nirAlaMbana dhyAnathI zaMkAnuM samAdhAna thavA pUrvaka AtmonnatinA mArgamAM vidyutavege gamana karI zakAya che, ema sadgurugamathI evabodhavuM." teo sAdhujIvanamAM thatA anubhavone Alekhe che. saMvata 1971nA zrAvaNa vada 7ne budhavAranA roja savAranA sADA sAta vAgye emaNe loca karAvyo. AtmajJAnIne A anubhava kevo bhAva jagADe che. enuM Alekhana A divasanI noMdhamAM maLe che. teo kahe che - loca karAvatAM AtmAnI sArI rIte samAdhi rahI hatI. loca karAvatI vakhate AtmAnA zuddha svarUpanI bhAvanA bhALI hatI ane hRdayamAM kuMbhaka prANAyAma dhAravAmAM Avato hato, tethI loca karAvatAM AtmAno zuddha pariNAma vRddhi pAmato hato... A kAlamAM sAdhuone locano pariSaha Akaro che. AtmajJAnanI kasoTI kharekhara locathI amuka aMze thaI zake che. zarIrathI AtmAne bhinna mAnyA bAda loca karAvatI vakhate AtmajJAnIne pariSahe sahavAthI amuka aMze anubhava prApta thAya che." Ama, A jAgrata AtmA jIvananI pratyeka kriyAmAM AtmAnA zuddha svarUpanI bhAvanA bhALe che. te hakIkata A locanI vigatamAM paNa jovA maLe che. dhyAnane mahattva ApanAra AcAryazrI buddhisAgarasUrijI jyAM kyAMya zAMti jue ke tarata AtmadhyAna lagAvI de che. koI vagaDAmAM jainamaMdira maLI jAya to te emane dhyAna mATe khUba anukULa lAge che. phAgaNa vada 10nA divase "sarasvatI nadInA kinAre retanA beTaDAmAM besI Ajaroja eka kalAka AtmadhyAna dharyuM." ema noMdhe che. to "joTANAmAM kSetrapAlanA sthAnanA oTalA

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199 bhAvana-vibhAvana para sAMjanA vakhate eka kalpaparyaMta AtmadhyAna dharavAthI AtmAnA alaukika anubhavanI jhAMkhI thaI" ema noMdhe che. AtmAnubhava vilakSaNa hoya che. enI vilakSaNatA saMvata 1971nA poSa suda 10nI rAtre thayelA anubhavamAM najare paDe che. A anubhava ghaNo gahana hoya che ane teo potAnA AtmAnubhavane zAstrIya paribhASAthI pragaTa karatAM kahe che - "poSa sudi dazamanI rAtre AtmA ane paramAtmAnI ektAnA dhyAnano dIrghakAla, satata pravAha rahyo ane tethI je AtmAnaMda pragaTyo tenuM varNana karI zakAya tema nathI. AtmAnI niSkAma dazAnA satyasukhano apUrva sAkSAtkAra kharekhara anubhavamAM bhAsyo te vakhate rAgadveSanI upazamatA vizeSataH prakaTelI dekhAI. ekalArA gAmamAM nivRtti sthala vagere kAraNothI apUrva Atmasukha anubhavAyuM. upAdhirahita dazAmAM zuddhopayoge sahaja sukha anubhavavAmAM Ave che." pachInI rAtrino anubhava lakhatAM teo kahe che : "dezottaramAM rAtrinA vakhatamAM AtmAnI apUrva samAdhimAM vizeSa kAla vItyo." e pachI poSa vada 1nA divase IDaragaDhanA vihAra daramiyAna teo lakhe che - "raNamallanI cokI pAsenI dhUNIvALI guphAmAM agninA cotarA para aDadho kalAka dhyAna dharyuM tethI AtmAnI sthiratA saMbaMdhI apUrvabhAva prakaTaco ane tethI apUrva sahajAnaMda prakaTyo. AvI dhyAnasthitimAM sadA rahevAya e ja AMtarika utkaTa bhAvanA che evo adhikAra prApta thAo." AtmayogInI aMtarayAtrA 123 navA varSanI maMgalayAtrAnA AraMbhe A AtmajJAnInI je bhAvanAo bhALI hatI, eno varSane aMte hisAba paNa teo kare che, ane varSabharanI pravRttimAMthI jJAna ane dhyAnanI pravRttine ja jIvanapathanA vikAsanI nidarzaka mAne che, AthI varSane aMte A pravRttinI pragatino hisAba teo lakhe che - "Ajaroja bhAva divALIno aMtaramAM anubhava thayo. "saMvata 1971nI sAla dhArmika jIvanamAM prazasya nIvaDI. vihAra, yAtrA vagerethI AtmAnI sthiratAmAM vRddhi karI, rAgadveSanI khaTapaTamAM koInI sAthe UtaravAnuM thayuM nathI. uttarottara A varSamAM dharmapravRtti karatAM kaMIka vizeSakAla aMtaramAM dhyAnAdinI nivRttithI gayo. pethApuramAM comAsu rahetAM AtmasamAdhimAM vizeSakAla gayo. dharmapravRtti karatAM dharmanivRttinuM jIvana have vRddhi pAme che ane AtmasamAdhimAM vizeSa jIvana vyatIta karavAnI prabaLa sphuraNA thayA kare che. saMvata 1960-61-'62nI peThe A sAlamAM yogasamAdhimAM vizeSa rahevAyuM. sarva jIvonI sAthe AtmadhyabhAvanAnI ane maitrIbhAvanAnI vRddhi thayA kare che ema anubhava Ave che. IDara, dezottara, vaDAlI, kheDabrahmA, kuMbhAriyA, AbujI, maDAra, siddhapura vagere sthaLe AtmadhyAna dharatAM aMtaramAM sahajAnaMdano, pUrva sAlo karatAM, vizeSa prakAre anubhava thayo. sarasvatI nadInA kAMThAno nirjana pradeza kharekhara bAhyasamAdhie aMtaramAM vizeSa sahaja samAdhi karAvanAro anubhavAyo. vaizAkha vide 10. pethApuramAM praveza thayo. rUdana cotarA taraphanA TekarA upara ane AvAM kotaromAM vizeSa sthiratAe AtmadhyAnamAM masta thavAyuM. AtmAnI anubhavakhumArImAM vizeSataH mastadazA anubhavAya che. AtmajJAna-dhyAnanI paripakvatAmAM vRddhi thayA kare che evo anubhava Ave che. have vizeSataH nivRttirUpa

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bhAvana-vibhAvana jJAnadhyAnaramaNatAmAM karavAnI khAsa sphuraNA UThe che, ane temAM vizeSa pravRtta karAya che. cha mAsathI jhINA jvarayoge dhArmika lekhanapravRttimAM maMdatA thAya che. tathApi kaMI kaMI pravRtti thayA kare che. upazama, kSayopazamabhAvanI Atmika divALInI jyotinuM dhyAna ane teno anubhava-svAda AvyA kare che. navIna varSamAM AtmaguNonI vizeSa khilavaNI thAo. OM zAMti." 18 sanniSTha ane lokapriya yogInI bAhyapravRtti tarapha virakti ane AMtarika sAdhanAne lagatA saMkalpo ane uccAzayonuM ahIM darzana thAya che. gujarAtI sAhityamAM lekhako, rAjakIya netAo ne samAjasevakoe rojanIzIo lakhI che, paraMtu dhArmika netAo ane yogIsaMnyAsIoe evI noMdho rAkhI hoya evuM khAsa prakAzamAM AvyuM nathI. kadAca e prakAranI ghaNI noMdho e mahAnubhAvonA khAnagI Atmagata udgArorUpe lakhAI hoya topaNa e kALanA udaramAM svAhA thaI gaI hovAno saMbhava che. AcAryazrI buddhisAgarasUrijInI rojanIzIonuM paNa ema ja thayuM lAge che. paraMtu emAMthI bacelI eka varSanI A noMdha eka yogInA AMtarajIvanamAM DokiyuM karavAnI taka Ape che ne temanA dezATana tema ja AMtaravikAsa darzAvatA AdhyAtmika pravAsanI jhAMkhI karAvIne jijJAsune e dizAmAM AgaLa javAnI preraNA Ape che te dRSTie paNa tenuM mUlya ghaNuM che. agiyAra akhabAranI lekhasRSTi : AjhAdI pUrve ane AjhAdI pachI aitihAsika dRSTie gujarAtI patrakAratvanA vikAsamAM AjhAdI pahelAMnuM ane AjhAdI pachInuM evI bhedarekhA dorI zakAya. paraMtu patronI mAlikI, vAcakanI ruci, adyatana yaMtrasAmagrI ane prajAkIya prazno pratyenA abhigamanI dRSTie I. sa. 1950nuM varSa e ucita bhedarekhA gaNAya. 1950 pahelAMnuM gujarAtI patrakAratva mahad aMze kartavyaniSTha hatuM. patrakAra pAse cokkasa dizA ane dRSTi hatAM. enAmAM sattAno sAmano karavAnI khumArI ane khuvAra thavAnI taiyArI hatI. samAjasudhAro, svarAjya ane svadharmanI bhAvanAnA khIle baMdhAyeluM e patrakAratva eka mizana hatuM, udyoga nahi. Aje koI dainika ke sAmayika bhAgye ja jAherakhabara vinA calAvI zake, jyAre gAMdhIjIe trIsa-trIsa varSa sudhI jAherakhabara vinA sAptAhiko calAvyAM. 1950mAM

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10 bhAvana-vibhAvana lokazAhInI muktatA, gujarAtI akhabAronI mAlikImAM pheraphAra ane mono-TAipa tema ja jhaDapI ane raMgIna mudraNa karatAM roTarI mazInonuM Agamana thayuM. vartamAna samayanAM akhabAro je samasyAne mahattvanI gaNe che, te samasyAonAM AjhAdI pUrve mAtra eMdhANa ja maLe che. Arthika praznonA mAtra phaNagA ja phUTaTyA hatA, te vikasyA nahotA. AjanA ghaNA prazno AjhAdI pUrve nahotA ane je hatA tenA para paNa gAMdhIvAdI gaMbhIratvanI chApa hatI. e samaye dainikonA cothA pAnA para AjanI mAphaka lekhavibhAgo AvatA nahi. AvA lekhavibhAgonuM sthAna sAptAhiko ane mAsikomAM ja rahetuM. vaLI gaMbhIra lekho lakhanArAono Adarza rAmAnaMda caeNTarajInuM "mAMDarna rivyu' tathA sI. vAya. ciMtAmaNinuM 'inDiyana riphormara" hatAM. e samayanA lekhako AvAM gaMbhIra sAmayikone AdarzarUpe rAkhIne lakhatA hatA. 'prajAbaMdhu' ane 'gujarAtI paMca 'mAM gujarAtI ane aMgrejI baMne bhASAmAM agralekho AvatA hatA, paNa e egralekho khUba abhyAsapUrvaka ane gaMbhIratAthI lakhavAmAM AvatA hatA. AjhAdI pUrvanuM patrakAratva kartavyaprerita hatuM. narmada enA 'DAMDiyo'mAM dAMDI pITIne, 'khabaradAra' kahIne "rayatane julamIonA julamamAMthI bacAvavAne, luccAnI ToLI vikherI nAkhavAne, tamArAmAMthI ajJAna, vahema ne anIti kADhI nAkhavAne, dezanuM bhaluM thAya tema karavAne" koziza kare che. amRtalAla zeTha kALI zAhIthI nahi paNa lohInI lAla zAhIthI deza kalyANanA yajJasamAM patrakAratvano prAraMbha kare che. 'prajAbaMdhu'nA pahelA aMkamAM 'prAraMbhe ' zrI bhagubhAI phohacaMda kArabhArI prazna mUke che, "kaho janma dharI zI karI dezanI sevA ?" ane enA uttara rUpe sevA kAje patrano prAraMbha karyAnuM kahe che. akhabArI lekhasuSTi: AjhAdI pUrve ane AjhAdI pachI 131 karasanadAsa mULajInuM 'satyaprakAza' jadunAtha mahArAjanA pAkhaMDa ane DhoMga sAme jehAda pokAre che. 'svataMtratA yazasukhanuM dhAma che " ema kahIne nisteja thayelI svataMtratAne sateja , kAMtimAna karavA icchArAma sUryarAma desAI 'svataMtratA' nAme mAsika kADhe che. 'saurASTra'nA lekhakamaMDaLamAM jhaveracaMda meghANI, kakalabhAI koThArI, guNavaMtarAya AcArya, bhImajIbhAI 'suzIla' jevAM keTalAMya kuTuMbanI zILI chAyA ane dhaMdhA-rojagAranI niyamita Avaka choDIne rANapura jevA nAnakaDA gAmaDAmAM hAthe rAMdhIne patrakAratvano bhekha le che. A saurASTra kAryAlaya 'saurASTra Azrama 'ne nAme oLakhAtuM, te Aje keTaluM sArthaka lAge che ! A patrakAratve eka pratiSThA UbhI karI hatI. Aje akhabAronI je kaMI pratiSThA jovA maLe che, te mUDI A bhekhadhArIoe bhegI karelI che. pote mAne te pramANe lakhavuM, samAjane doravaNI ApavA mATe lakhavuM, naitika rIte ucca dhoraNavALuM lakhavuM ane hiMmatabhera lakhavuM ema e mAnatA hatA. AjhAdI pUrvenAM sAptAhikomAM ane mAsikomAM noMdhapAtra lekhavibhAgo jovA maLe che. 'phUlachAba' sAptAhika rUpe cAlatuM, tyAre temAM sAhitya, AkAzadarzana, sAmAnya jJAna ane pazupakSIno paricaya ApatA lekhavibhAgo pragaTa thatA hatA. sAmayika e saMskAranuM sAdhana gaNAtuM ane tene mATe temAM sAhitya-vibhAga anivArya lekhAto. sAptAhika 'phUlachAba'mAM sAhityacarcAnAM bethI traNa pAnAM AvatAM. icchArAma sUryarAma desAInA 'gujarAtI'mAM sAhityacarcA AvatI. jUnAM kAvyo vize saMzodhanalekha AvatA. suMdara 'sAhityapUrti'nI saLaMga zreNI pragaTa thatI. grAhakone bheTapustaka ApavAnI 'gujarAtInI prathAe gujarAtI sAhityamAM aitihAsika navalakathAnA sarjanamAM mahattvanuM yogadAna karyuM. 'prajAbaMdhu'mAM "sAhityapriya'nA upanAmathI zrI cunIlAla

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132 bhAvana-vibhAvana va. zAhanI sAhityacarcA tema ja 'graMthAvalokano' vibhAganI graMthasamIkSAe to gujarAtI sAhityamAM eka pratiSThA UbhI karI hatI. hAjImahamada alArakhiyA zivajInuM 'vIsamI sadI' sAmAnya mAnavIthI narasiMharAva jevA durArAdhya vivecakanuM paNa mAnItuM hatuM. AjhAdI pachI ApaNA patrakAratvamAM sAhityano vibhAga saMkocAvA lAgyo. thoDAka apavAdane bAda karatAM samRddha sAhityavibhAga maLato nathI. Ama, AjhAdI pUrve sAhityavibhAga ane patrakAratva vacce jeTalI nikaTatA hatI, teTalI nikaTatA Aje nathI. jhaveracaMda meghANIno 'kalama ane kitAba' vibhAga hajI Aje paNa enI rasapradatA ane vAcakapriyatA mane vAraMvAra yAda karIe chIe. 'saurASTra' jUthanA lekhakoe keTalAka navA lekhavibhAgonuM sarjana karyuM. meghANInI sarjakatAe aneka navAM svarUpo siddha karI batAvyAM. jayaMti dalAla jevAe 'rekhA' dvArA rAjakIya-vivecana, philma-vivecana, videzI pustakono paricaya, manovijJAna, atyaMta TUMkI vArtA jevA vibhAgono prAraMbha karyo, je mArge e pachI ApaNAM dainiko cAlyAM che. dhIre dhIre TUMkI vArtA, dhArAvAhI navalakathA, khullA patro, Arthika pravAho ane kArTUno pravezavA lAgyAM. jyotisaMghanI pUrti dvArA nArIpravRttine sthAna maLyuM. 'navacetane' ghaNA lekhakone ane citrakArone bahAra ANyA, paraMtu AjhAdI pUrvenA A patrakAratvamAM 'nArada', karasanadAsa mANeka ke veNIbhAI purohitanAM kaTAkSakAvyo hoya ke khullo patra hoya, paNa badhuM ja rASTrIya laDatanA raMge raMgAyeluM hoya. 'vIsamI sadI', 'hiMdusthAna' ane 'navacetane' navoditone protsAhana pUruM pADyuM, jyAre 'navajIvana'nuM samartha vidvAnamaMDaLa eka judI ja prabhA phelAve che. AjhAdI pUrve ApaNAM sAptAhiko ane mAsikoe ghaNA vaividhyamaya vibhAgo khIlavyA. kalamanI tAkAta dharAvatA nAmAMkita akhabArI lekhaSTi : AjhAdI pUrve ane AjhAdI pachI 133 lekhakone e samayanAM sAptAhiko ane mAsikomAM lakhavuM priya hatuM. jANye-ajANye eka evo khyAla baMdhAI gayo hato ke vidvAna to sAptAhika ke mAsikamAM ja lakhe, dainikamAM nahi ! e samaye dainikapatromAM anuvAdako ke ripaoNrTaro to hatA ja, paraMtu e akhabAranI pratiSThAnI pArAzIzI emAM lakhatA vijJAna parathI mapAtI. emAM paNa amRtalAla zeThe A praNAlikAne khUba vikasAvI. asAmAnya sarjanazaktivALA, maulika svarUpo ghaDatA ane uddAma vicArasaraNIvALA lekhako jeTalA 'janmabhUmi' pAse hatA, teTalA bIjA koI dainika pAse nahotA. 'saurASTra' jUthanA A lekhakoe vaividhyapUrNa lekhavibhAgo, avanavAM svarUpo ane camakadAra zailIthI patrakAratvamAM eka prakAranI tAjagI ANI. gujarAtI patrakAratvanA prAraMbhamAM pArasIonuM pradAna ghaNuM moTuM rahyuM che. AthI hAsya kaoNlama ja nahi, paraMtu ramUjI vAcana ApatAM hAsyapatro pragaTa thatAM. 'gapasapa', 'bhImasena', 'pArasIpaMca', 'ramatA rAma', 'kAtariyuM gepa', 'mojamajAha' ane 'be ghaDI moja' jevAM mAtra ramUja ApatAM patro nIkaLatAM. pArasIonI hAsyavRttino patrakAratvanAM tamAma aMgone sparza thatAM Aga, khUna ke akasmAtanA samAcAra paNa ramUjI rIte ApavAmAM AvatA. 'dezI mitra' sAptAhikamAM 1876mAM 20mI julAInA aMkamAM enA taMtrI 'meghajI iMdrajInuM devALu' vize samAcAra ApatAM lakhe che : "meghajI iMdrajInI peDhIe moTuM devALuM kADhyuM che evI dhAstI muMbaI ilAkAmAM patharAI gaI hatI. paNa zukara te rehema kIratAranA, ke gayA zanivArathI AkhA gujarAta ane muMbaInA bhAgomAM potAnA mAganArAone ekadama nANuM cUkavI ApavA mAMDyuM che. te hajI sudhI meghajI iMdrajInI peDhI taraphathI maLatuM jAya che, jethI tamAma lokone

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mAvana-vibhAvanA 34 dhIraja AvI che, ane khuzAlI pedA thaI che. vAMcanArA sAhebo, samajyA ? A peDhI te kaI ? varasAdanI. gaI kAla sudhIno ane agAuno varasAda umeratAM 17 iMca ane 71 dokaDA varasAda paDI cUkyo che. khetInuM kAma dhamadhokAra cAlavA mAMDyuM che." aThavADika 'phUlachAba'mAM pragaTa thatI guNavaMtarAya AcAryanI huM bAvo ne maMgaLadAsa" kaoNlama lokapriya thatAM judAM judAM akhabAroe evI haLavI kaoNlamanuM anukaraNa karyuM. 'gujarAtI mAM 'bIrabalanA upanAmathI zrI arazedajI bamanajI pharAmarojanI 'bhara kaTorA raMga kaoNlamathI ane emanI haLavI kalamathI ghaNA jANItA thayA. 'prajAbaMdhumAM maMthana' ane 'cakravAka' nAme 'meru' ane 'cakora' upanAmadhArI lekhakonI haLavI kaoNlama noMdhapAtra che. AmAM 'gujarAta samAcAra' dainike paNa sAro evo phALo Apyo. AjhAdI pachInAM akhabAromAM paNa haLavI kaoNlamanuM pramANa vadhyuM che ane eNe sArI evI vAcakapriyatA meLavI che. AjhAdI pUrvenA patrakAratvamAM bhASAzuddhinuM moTuM kAma narmada ane icchArAma sUryarAma desAIe karyuM. 'saurASTra' jUthanA lekha ko to meghANI kahe che tema patrakAranI zailI para 'sAhityano jarI-kasaba karatA." rANapura zailI tarIke oLakhAyelI A zailImAM kyAMka zabdonI bhabhaka ane vicAra karatA zabdono khaDakhaDATa vadhu maLe che, tema chatAM jurasAdAra bhASA ane taLapadA zabdonA viniyoga mATe A zailI noMdhapAtra gaNAya. zrI cunIlAla va. zAhe paNa zailI mATe ghaNI cIvaTa dAkhavI. gAMdhIjI AvatAM zailInI sAdAI ane bhASAzuddhinuM moTuM kAma thayuM. kheda sAthe e noMdhavuM joIe ke ApaNAM dainiko Aje joIe teTalI bhASAnI cIvaTa rAkhatAM nathI. AjhAdI pachI dainiko pAnAMnI dRSTie puSTa thayAM. AnI sAthosAtha vaividhyamaya lekhavibhAgo mokale hAthe pragaTa thavA lAgyA. akhabArI lekhasUSTi : AjhAdI pUrve ane AjhAdI pachI moTAM dainikoe aThavADiyAmAM trIsathI cAlIsa jeTalA vaividhyapUrNa vibhAgo ApavA zarU karyA. prajAjIvananI ekeeka pravRttine judA judA vibhAgo dvArA vyApamAM levA prayAsa thayo, paNa vaividhyamaya vibhAgonA ATalA badhA vyApanuM kAraNa zuM ? AnuM eka kAraNa te gujarAtI vAcakanuM mAnasa che. A vAcaka akhabArane 'bAskeTa' jevuM mAne che. emAM samAcAra, taMtrIlekha ke jAherakhabara to hoya ja, paraMtu viSayonuM vaividhya tathA mAhitI ane manoraMjanane paNa sthAna maLyuM hoya ene mAtra vartamAna banAvo vizenA lekho ja joItA nathI, balka dhArmika, AdhyAtmika thA vaidaka ane jyotiSa jevA lekhonI paNa enI ghaNI moTI mAMga che. bIjI bAju, koI eka viSayane anulakSIne cAlatAM sAmayiko jhAjhuM jIvatAM nathI, AthI vAcaka ochAmAM ochA kharce chApAnI 'bAskeTamAMthI ja badhuM meLavavA prayAsa kare che. lekhavibhAgone kAraNe samAcAra vAMcavAnA kaMTALAmAMthI mukti maLe che. eka samaye akhabAromAM mAtra samAcAro ja pragaTa thatA, tyAre videzIo ApaNAM akhabArane joIne nirAzA sAthe kahetA ke bhAratanAM badhAM ja vartamAnapatro sarakhAM lAge che - caherA vinAnA mAnavI jevAM. jyAre lekhavibhAga dvArA AvI ekavidhatA dUra thAya che. akhabAranuM vyaktitva Upase che. paraMtu Aje keTalAMka akhabAromAM to samAcAranI avejImAM lekhavibhAga kAma karatA hoya tevo viparyAsa jovA maLe che. jAherakhabara ane phIcaranI vacce Aje samAcAro gUMgaLAmaNa anubhave che. AjhAdI pachI evI dhAraNA hatI ke rAjakIya paristhitinuM Alekhana ochuM thaze, tene badale ApaNAM akhabAromAM rAja kAraNanuM varcasva vadhI gayuM che. bIjI bAju vaicArika dAriDyuM to pragaTa thayuM, paraMtu kaTokaTInA samaye kartavyaniSThAnI paNa kasoTI thaI. AjhAdInuM dhyeya siddha thayA pachI akhabArone koI navuM dhyeya sAMpaDyuM

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109 bhAvana-vibhAvana nahi ane jema jema varSo vItatAM gayAM, tema tema dhyeyaniSTha patrakAratva pAchuM paDatuM gayuM ane dhaMdhAdArI naphA-toTAnuM patrakAratva AgaLa AvavA mAMDayuM. zrI mahAdevabhAI desAIe karelI Takora yAda Ave che. teo vartamAnapatrane anulakSIne kahe che : "e kamAvAnuM sAdhana mAtra bane che tyAre nakhkhoda vALe che, paraMtu potAno kharca kADhatAM kADhatAM e sevAnuM sAdhana bane che tyAre e lokajIvananuM Avazyaka aMga bane che." bhAratane AjhAdI prApta thaI te samaye samagra vizvamAM manovalaNo, TeknaoNlojI jevI bAbatomAM samULI krAMti thaI che. 1950nA gALAmAM gujarAtI akhabAronA jeTalA mAliko badalAyA teTalA kyAreya badalAyA nathI. paraMtu e pachI prajAne rIjhavavA ane upayogI thavA mATe sabhAna prayatno thavA lAgyA. sanasanATIno atireka, uchInI vAcanasAmagrI tema ja kRtrima zraddhA darzAvatA lekhonI bharamAra cAlI. sAhityanI samIkSA ke videzI graMthonA paricayane badale lokapriya navalakathAoe Asana jamAvyuM. AmAM bhAgye ja prayogazIla ke sAhityika guNavattAvALI navalakathAo dekhA de che. prajAnI asmitA ke sAMskRtika paraMparAonA saMvardhananI vAta gauNa banI. nRtya, raMgabhUmi, purAtattva, paribhramaNa jevI bAbatonI upekSA thavA lAgI. sAhitya, zikSaNa ke saMskRtinI ghaTanAo nAnI noMdharUpe Ave toya sadbhAgya gaNAvA mAMDyuM. AnuM eka kAraNa e che ke AjhAdI pUrve akhabAranuM lakSa suzikSita ane jAgrata varga hato. AjanA akhabAranI najara madhyama varga ane nIcalA varganAM rasa ane ruci para che. A varga bhaNelo che, sArI rIte vAMcI zake che paNa enI ruci ke samajazakti joIe teTalAM keLavAyAM nathI. bIjI bAju, enI vAcanabhUkha eTalI badhI che ke kAcuM-pAkuM lakhANa hoya akhabArI lekhasRSTi : AjhAdI pUrve ane AjhAdI pachI yA anuvAda hoya topaNa tene cAle. 199 vyaktinA dainika jIvanamAM AvatA ekaeka viSayane aThavADiye cAlIsa jeTalA phIcara ApIne vAcakane tarabatara karavAno prayAsa thayo. Ane kAraNe akhabAra 'DipArTamenTala' sTora jevuM banI gayuM. AjhAdI pUrve jyotiSa ke vaidaka jevA asparzI viSayo vize lakhAvA mAMDyuM. sUryodaya, sUryAsta, paMcAMga, ApanI Aja, avasAna-noMdha, lagnamaMgala, cothA pAnAnAM phIcarsa, gRhaudyoga, yogAsana, byuTiphikezana ane lokasAhitya ema badhA ja lekhavibhAgo ApavAnA zarU thayA. A vibhAgo vividha kSetranA niSNAto lakhatA hovAthI AmAM maulikatA maLe che. Aje dainika jeTaluM enI khabarone kAraNe vecAya che, eTaluM ja enA vaividhyamaya lekhavibhAgane kAraNe vecAya che. kyAreka to amuka lokapriya kaoNlamsane kAraNe paNa te vecAya che. AthI lekhakomAM sArI evI harIphAI jAge che ane maulikatA tema ja asarakArakatA mATe lekhaka cIvaTa rAkhe che. AjhAdI pUrve taMtrInI nItinI AMgaLIe lekhavibhAga cAlato hato. have taMtrI potAnI nIti pramANe lekha lakhAve tevuM rahyuM nathI. dareka lekhaka potAnA abhiprAya mujaba lakhato hovAthI vaicArika mokaLAzano anubhava thAya che, paNa vAcakane kyAreka vaicArika mUMjhavaNa thAya che. eka kaoNlamamAM dharmakathA ke dhArmika mUlyo darzAvato prasaMga hoya ane enI bAjumAM bIjA ja kaoNlamamAM dharma ke aMdhazraddhA che ane vijJAna sAcuM che tevuM paNa maLe. Ama AjanA patrakAratvamAM Adarza, mUlya ke ruci vize koI sAtatya jaDatuM nathI ane tethI ApaNAM vartamAnapatro koI eka dhyeyane varelAM che tema kahevuM muzkela bane che. dareka akhabAranI nIti judI hoya, eTaluM ja nahi kiMtu eka akhabAranA lekhako vacce paNa mUlyabheda ke matabheda maLe che. A rIte akhabAra

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138 bhAvana-vibhAvanA samAjane ghere che ema AjhAdI pUrve jeTalI hiMmatathI kahI zakAtuM, teTaluM Aje kahevAya tema nathI, bahoLo phelAvo dharAvatAM vartamAnapatro paNa samAjane doravaNI ApI zakatAM nathI. AjhAdI pUrve samAjane doratA akhabArano chapAyelo zabda zraddheya manAto. Aje yuddha jevA apavAdarUpa saMjogone bAda karatAM loko akhabAranA kahevA pramANe cAlatA nathI. gujarAtI akhabAranA vaividhyamaya lekhavibhAgone kAraNe navAM navAM svarUponI ajamAyaza ane sArI evI vaicArika sAmagrI vAcakane maLe che. AvA vibhAgo prajAne vartamAna pravAhothI sArI peThe vAkepha rAkhe che. keTalAMka phIcarsa to sAhityika mUlyavattA dharAvavAnuM gajuM kADhI zake che. AjanA ApaNA ghaNA sAhityanI gaMgotrI dainika patrakAratva che. eka jamAnAmAM Ano phelAvo mAMDa dasa hajArano hato. Aje jyAre dainikano be lAkhathI vadhu phelAvo hoya tyAre vicAra, svarUpa ke zabdonI zuddhatA jALavavI muzkela hoya che. nAno rUmAla cokhkho rAkhI zakAya, moTI cAdaramAM kyAMka DAgha lAge. AjanA dainikane ke dainikanA lekhakane prajA netA tarIke svIkAratI nathI, tema chatAM keTalAMka sAmayikonI dhyeyaniSTha vaicArika AgevAnImAM vAcaka zraddhA dAkhave che. 'bhUmiputra', 'nirIkSaka', 'lokasvarAja', 'grAmanirmANa', 'prabuddha jIvana', 'saMskRti' jevAM sAmayikoe potAnuM gaMbhIra svarUpa jALavIne prajAne baddhika doravaNI ApavAnuM kAma karyuM che. AvAM sAmayiko Arthika parezAnI bhogavatAM hoya che tema chatAM enI niSThA ane vaicArika AgevAnI dainiko mATe AdarzarUpa gaNAya. lakhAvaTano vicAra karIe to AjanA lekhakane mATe abhivyakti vadhu saraLa banI che. abhivyaktinI saraLatA sAthe kyAMka vaicArika chIcharApaNuM paNa AvyuM che. eka bAju aMgrejI zabdonI akhabArI lekhasuSTi : AjhAdI pUrve ane AjhAdI pachI 139 pracura zailI ane bIjI bAju lokabolInA zabdonI pracura zailI jovA maLe che. AjhAdI pUrve akhabAra lokanetA hatuM, have loko akhabArane dore che. pahelAM vAcakanI ATalI tamA rAkhavAmAM AvatI nahotI. vAcakane na samajAya to lekhaka ema paNa kahI deto ke A samajavuM tamArA gajA bahAranuM che. Aje vAcakane na samajAya tevuM lakhANa lakhe to kolamisTane Thapako maLe ! pahelAM chApAnI pAse loko AvatA, have lokonI pAse chApuM jAya che. AthI ja AjanA lekhakane lokasaMparkanI vadhu jarUra paDe che ane lokarucine saMtarpaka lakhavuM paDe che. AjhAdI pUrve ane pachInA vaividhyamaya vibhAgonI carcA to thaI. have enA bhAvi tarapha najara karIe. lekhavibhAganA vaividhyane khUba khUba maryAdita karI nAkhe tevo ophaseTano yuga AvI rahyo che ane AvI gayo paNa che. phaseTamAM lekha karatAM citrane vizeSa prAdhAnya ApavAmAM Ave che. 60 TakA citra ane 40 TakA lakhANa evuM enuM pramANa che ane temAM lakhANa paNa citranA sahAre cAlatuM hoya che ! Ane pariNAme akhabAranuM je thoDuMya vaicArika kalevara che te jhAMkhuM paDe tevI dahezata ApaNI sAme UbhI ja che. je dezamAM 40 TakA loko ja zikSita hoya, tyAM anukrame gaMbhIra lakhANa karatAM haLavA lakhANane prAdhAnya Ape che ane haLavA lakhANa karatAM citrane prAdhAnya Ape che. A sthitino ApaNA AvatI kAlanA lekhakoe paDakAra jhIlavAno raheze.

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bAra nepacya'thI nepacce 1980nI 12mI julAIe traNa traNa peDhInA nAgarikonuM saMskAra-ghaDatara karanAra zrI bacubhAI rAvatanuM hRdayaroganA humalAthI avasAna thayuM. zrI bacubhAI rAvatanI vidAyane kAraNe gujarAtanA sAMskArika jagatamAM eka prakArano zUnyAvakAza vyApI gayo. gujarAte eka bahumukhI pratibhA gumAvI. zrI bacubhAI rAvatano janma I. sa. 1898nI 27 phebruArIe amadAvAdamAM thayo. pitA goMDalamAM rAjyanA pazu vaidya hatA. AthI thoDA prAthamika zikSaNa bAda temaNe goMDalamAM abhyAsa karyo ane I. sa. 1914nA DisembaramAM meTrikanI parIkSA pasAra karI. emaNe kaoNlejanuM pagathiyuM paNa joyuM nahotuM, tema chatAM emanI vividha viSayo pratyenI gati jotAM e kevI ApabaLathI AgaLa vadhelI vyakti hatA teno khyAla Ave che. emane mAtra sAhitya ke patrakAratvamAM ja rasa nahoto, paraMtu mudraNakalA, citrakalA, tasavIrakalA, saMgIta, nRtya, 'nepathyathI napaNe 181 khagoLavidhA, purAtattva ane vijJAnamAM paNa eTalo ja UMDo rasa hato. emanuM A rUcighaDatara I. sa. 1914thI 1919 daramiyAna teo pAMca varSa goMDalamAM zikSaka tarIke rahyA te samaye thayuM hatuM. A pAMca varSa daramiyAna emaNe khUba vAMcyuM ane zALAnA pustakAlayanuM saMcAlana karyuM. vizeSa to A varSo daramiyAna emanA vyaktitvanuM evuM ghaDatara thayuM ke te pachInAM varSono pAyo banI rahyuM. kumAra kAryAlayamAM yojAtI budhavAranI kAvyasabhAnuM saMcAlana emaNe 'gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada'ne soMpyuM, te prasaMge zrI umAzaMkara jozIe emane 'gujarAtamAM bhUlA paDelA aMgreja' kahyA hatA. zrI bacubhAI rAvatane iMglenDa mATe AgavI mamatA hatI, e deza jovAnI emanI manokAmanA traNeka varSa agAu sAkAra thaI hatI. emanA pitA rAjyanA pazuvaidya hovAthI emane aMgrejono satata saMparka rahyo ane e vAtAvaraNe ja emanA jIvana ane kAryamAM praziSTatA arpI. toLI toLIne bolavuM, zuddha uccArovALI bhASA bolavI, vaktavyamAM kyAMya AkarApaNuM ke AtyaMtikatA na Ave tenI takedArI rAkhavI e temano niyama banI gayelo. emanA lekhana, hastAkSara ane raheNIkaraNImAM paNa emanuM A ziSTa (klAsikala) mAnasa pragaTa thatuM. svAmI vivekAnaMdanuM eka vAkya emanA jIvananI dIvAdAMDI banI rahyuM. koI paNa mANasa eka nAnakaDuM kAma laIne besI jAya che. to te paNa dezanuM ja kAma kare che. svAmI vivekAnaMdanuM A vAkya bacubhAI rAvatanA jIvanano nakazo banI gayuM. emaNe "kumAra" sAmayika dvArA AvatI kAlanA nAgarikone ghaDavAnI tapazcaryA AdarI. temanI najara haMmezAM bhaviSya para rahetI. AthI ja "kumAra" dvArA AvatI kAlanAM nAgarikone ghaDavAno hetu rAkhyo. emane mana nAgarika thavuM

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA 182 eTale koI DigrIdhArI banavuM ema nahotuM. teo ema mAnatA ke nAgarika banavA mATe vyaktie 'kumAra mAM Ave che teTaluM to ochAmAM ochuM jANavuM ja joIe. 'kumAra' jevA ziSTa sAmayika dvArA koI lokasevAnI emaNe bAMga pokArI nahi, paraMtu pote nAgarika thavA mATe Avazyaka eTaluM ochAmAM ochuM Ape che tenI namratA dhAraNa karI. | gujarAtI sAmayika-patrakAratvamAM 'kumAra 'nA 679 aMko dvArA emaNe kalA ane saMskAraghaDataranuM advitIya kArya karyuM. gujarAtanAM sAmayikonA patrakAratvamAM 'navacetana'nA taMtrI sva. cAMpazIbhAI udezI ane 'kumAra'nA taMtrI zrI bacubhAI rAvatanI potAnA sAmayika mATenI samarpaNazIlatA dRSTAMtarUpa che. zrI ravizaMkara rAvaLa pachI bacubhAIe kumArane vikasAvyuM. emAM aneka navA vibhAgo dAkhala karIne ene vadhu ne vadhu samRddha banAvyuM. jo moTI 2kama maLe to aneka navA vibhAgo zarU karavAnI emanI manaHkAmanA hatI. emanuM satata sevAyeluM ane na phaLeluM A svapna sAkAra karavAmAM gujarAtanA kalArasiko prayatnazIla bane, to te emane apAyelI yogya aMjali gaNAze. ardhI sadIthIya vadhu varSo sudhI 'kumAra' dvArA gujarAtanI kalArucinuM ghaDatara karanAra bacubhAIne mana lAghava ane cokasAI e patrakAranA mukhya guNo hatA. emaNe eka patrakAranI kacerImAM "Be Brief, Be Exact" e sUtra vAMcyuM ane patrakAra tarIke potAnA jIvanamAM enuM pratibiMba pADI batAvyuM. 'kumAra'mAM akSaronI bhIDa jovA maLe che, evo Aropa thAya che te paNa AnuM ja pariNAma che. pAtharIne kahevAne badale saMkSepamAM kahevuM te vadhu pasaMda karatA. e ja rIte cokasAI ane zuddhino emano eTalo ja Agraha raheto. sAmayika calAvatA patrakArane zire prajAghaDataranI ghaNI moTI javAbadArI 'nepathyathI naipaNe 183 rahelI che ema teo spaSTapaNe mAnatA. AthI ja kazuM aziSTa ke arucikara 'kumAra'mAM kyAreya sthAna pAmatuM nahi. vaLI patrakAratva e koI zuSka vyavasAya nathI. emAM kalAtmakatAne ghaNuM moTuM sthAna che. AthI ja teo satata judA judA prakAranA le-AuTa banAvatA. 'kumAra'nA mukhapRSTha upara ane lekhonI sajAvaTamAM akSaro ane TAipanA judA judA prayogo karatA. mudraNakaLAnA to teo eka prayogavIra hatA. I. sa. 1932mAM 'kumArano ekasomo aMka pragaTa karyo tyAre emaNe gujarAtI lipine sauMdaryalakSI tathA kalAtmaka banAvavA prayAsa karyo hato. 'kumArano dareka aMka e emanA pariSkRta rUcitaMtranA sAkSIrUpa che. gujarAtI patrakAratvamAM emanA jeTalo sauMdaryazAstrano mahimA koIe karyo nathI. 'kumAra' jevuM aneka viSayone sabaLa rIte bAthamAM letuM bIjuM koI sAmayika gujarAta pAse nathI. enI sughaDatA mATe bacubhAI pUrI kALajI rAkhatA. phermo chapAya tyAre zAhI barAbara Ave che ke nahi te paNa jAte jotA ane jo chapAmaNI barAbara na lAge to Akho pharmo 2da karatA. zrI bacubhAI mAtra saMpAdaka ja nahotA, paraMtu sarjaka-saMpAdaka hatA. gujarAtanA ghaNA sarjakone emanI pAsethI pratyakSa ane parokSa mArgadarzana maLyuM che. 'kumAranI AgavI lAkSaNikatA e eno kAvyavibhAga, kalAvibhAga ane jIvanacaritravibhAga gaNAya. jIvanacaritramAMthI preraNA maLe che, mATe A vibhAga teo acUka ApavAno Agraha rAkhatA. A caritramAM paNa caritranAyakanA jIvananI preraNAdAyI ghaTanAonuM Alekhana thAya e tarapha emanuM vizeSa valaNa rahetuM. AmAM dezanI ke paradezanI, athavA to koI paNa kSetranI samartha vyaktine sthAna maLatuM. bacubhAIne hatAzA saheje pasaMda nahi, AthI preraNAdAyI sAmagrI ApavA tarapha temano vizeSa jhoka raheto.

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'nepathyathI napaNe keTaluM badhuM gaurava apAvyuM ! mArA jevA sAmAnya mANasane te vaLI padmazrI zAno hoya !" A 'kumAra' dvArA zrI bacubhAI rAvate sAMprata gujarAtanA sAhitya, kalA ane saMskAra-ghaDataramAM avismaraNIya pradAna karyuM che. bacubhAI AjIvana nepathyamAM rahyA. emanA nivAsasthaLanuM nAma 'nepathya', emanuM saMpAdakanuM kAma nepathyanuM, kazA mAna-akarAma ne icchA vinAnuM emanuM jIvana. nepathyano - e nepathyano sutradhAra marca nepathya choDIne amarca nepathyamAM cAlyo gayo. (oNgasTa 1980) 184 mAvana-vibhAvanA - gujarAtI kavitAnA e preraka ane protsAhaka baLa banI rahyA. kavitA pasaMda karavAthI mAMDIne chApavA sudhInI bAbato aMge cIvaTa rAkhatA. 'kumAra'nuM kavitAnuM pAnuM paNa sauMdaryapUrNa bane te mATe kALajIpUrvaka eno le-AuTa goThavatA. kalA vizenI bacubhAInI dRSTi jIvanalakSI hatI. kalA jIvanathI kadI cheDo phADI zake nahi tema teo mAnatA. AthI jIvanamUlyo vize teo Agraha dharAvatA. emanI mUlyaparastI kyAreka AtyaMtika paNa lAgatI. Ama chatAM, emanA jIvanamAM ucca mUlyono emano Agraha nAnAmAM nAnI bAbatamAM pragaTa thayA vinA raheto nahi, bacubhAI eka jAgrata ane dRSTisaMpanna saMpAdaka hatA. emanI najara samakSa satata emano vAcaka raheto ane AthI ja koI samasAmayika ghaTanAne sthAna ApavA teo bIjuM lakhANa khaseDI paNa letA. AnI pAchaLa emanI bhAvanA e hatI ke 'kumAra 'no vAcaka A na jANe to cAle kema ? saMpAdaka tarIke teomAM nirbhIkatA hatI. game tevI jANItI vyakti hoya, tema chatAM teno lekha temane pasaMda na paDe to parata karatAM saheje acakAtA nahi. bIjA A aMge zuM kaheze enI emaNe kadI paravA karI nathI. Ama bacubhAInuM vyaktitva bahumukhI hatuM. kavitA, saMpAdana, mudraNakalA, patrakAratva, chabIkalA jevAM aneka kSetromAM emaNe potAnI AgavI sUjhathI anokhuM pradAna karyuM che. 'kumAra ' ane bacubhAInuM to advaita sadhAyuM hatuM. temane ghaNe sthaLe vadhu pagAre sArI nokarInI taka maLI hatI, paraMtu 'kumAra 'ne teo Atmaja mAnatA. teo khumArIthI kahetA ke "jeNe mane oTalo Apyo ane roTalo Apyo tene cheha kaI rIte devAya ? goMDalamAM janmelA sAmAnya mANasane 'kumAre"

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183 tera harIndra davenI mulAkAta pra. raNajitarAma caMdraka svIkAratI vakhate tame kahyuM hatuM ke Ama huM vinamra gaNAuM paNa tema chatAM tamArAmAM eka mahattvAkAMkSA rahelI che. e mahattvAkAMkSA che badhA anubhavone pAra pAmI moTA gajAnI kRti sarjavAnI. e kRti kavitA haze ke navalakathA ? e hajI huMya nakkI karI zakyo nathI. jo nakkI karI zakyo hota to lakhavI zarU karI dIdhI hota. paNa mane lAge che ke e kadAca navalakathA haze. kadAca eTalA mATe kahuM chuM ke mArI icchA che ke evI moTA gajAnI kavitA lakhI zakuM paNa ApaNI bhASA saMpanna nathI ema nahi kahuM, paNa huM eTalo saMpanna nathI ke bhASAmAM e gajuM pragaTAvI zakuM ke jethI kavitAmAM ATha-dasa hajAra paMkti sudhI cAle evo UMDo zvAsa laI zakuM. huM eTalo UMDo zvAsa laI zakuM ke dasa hajAra paMkti harIndra davenI mulAkAta sudhI kavitA cAle to mane kavitA ja lakhavAnuM mana che. atyAre ema lAge che ke e kSamatA - e sajjatA mArI pAse nathI ane AthI kadAca navalakathA lakhAya. pra. tamane sarjanaprakyiAno zo anubhava che ? teno pUro pAra pAmI zakAya ? ja. sarjanaprakriyAne alaga rahI nIrakhavAnuM mane kadI phAvyuM nathI. eTale teno pAra pAmavAno to savAla ja nathI raheto. pra. tame kaI bhUmikA sAthe ane kayA tabakke sAhityamAM praveza karyo ? ja. e vastu kahevI thoDI muzkela eTalA mATe che ke kavitA zuM che e samajato thayo e pahelAM chaMdo lakhatAM AvaDI gayA hatA. e kaI sahajatAthI, kaI rIte AvaDyA, kema AvaDyA te hajI paNa mane khabara nathI, paraMtu bALapaNathI ja chaMdo, layo mArA manamAM sahaja rIte ja udaya pAmatA hatA ane e rIte meM lakhavA paNa zarU karyA hatA. eTale mArI sarjakapravRttino AraMbha kyArathI thayo te kahevuM bahu muzkela che. paNa sAtaATha varSanI vayathI kazuMka sarjananuM vismaya rahyA karatuM ane kaMIka zabdothI nipajI zake evI AzaMkA paNa rahyA karatI. pra. skUla ane kaoNlejanA abhyAsakALa daramiyAna karelA abhyAsetara vAMcanano khyAla Apazo ? zALAmAM hato tyAM sudhImAM gujarAtI bhASAnAM noMdhapAtra sarjakone vAMcI cUkyo hato. e vakhatanA aMgrejI chaThThI dhoraNamAM (AjanA dasamA dhoraNamAM) hato tyAre kavi suMdaram sAthe patravyavahAra paNa zarU karyo hato. vijayarAya vaidya, mukundarAya pArAzarya

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8 bhAvana-vibhAvanA vagere AdaraNIya vaDIlo ane narmadabhAI trivedI, nAthAlAla dave jevA mArA sarjanamAM rasa letA gurujanonI preraNAthI aMgrejI sAhityanuM paNa ThIka ThIka vAcana karyuM hatuM. narmadabhAI trivedI pAsethI phrAMsisa TaoNmasananA 'hAunDa oNpha hevana' vize sAMbhaLyuM. mArI smaraNazakti dago na detI hoya to kavi suMdarame karelA tenA anuvAdane mULa sAthe "mAnasI'mAM pragaTa thayelo joyo tyAre AdhyAtmika raMganI A racanA pUrNapaNe mANI zakAI. meTrika thayo e pahelAM eNlekjhAnDara DUmAnA zrI maskeTiyarsa', 'venTI iyarsa AphTara' ityAdi pAMca graMtho ane 'kAunTa opha monTekrisTonA be bhAga sahita ghaNuM badhuM navalakathAsAhitya paNa vAMcyuM hatuM. e sAthe ja TaoNlsTaoNyanuM 'vaoNra eNnDa pIsa" samajaNa na paDavAthI aDadhethI ja choDI dIdhuM hatuM e paNa yAda che. kaoNlejamAM AvyA pachI madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kavione tathA 16mI ane 17mI sadInA jhona Dana ane jyaoNrja harbarTane tathA 19mI sadInA romaeNnTika kavio vajhavartha, kolDrIca , bAyarana, zelI tathA kITsane vAMcyA. A vAcanamAM narmadabhAI uparAMta gujarAtI bhASAnA adhyApakazreSTha ravizaMkara jozI tathA aMgrejI bhASAnA adhyApako vI. je. trivedI, koTavAlasAheba ane bharUcAsAheba ityAdinI preraNA kharI. 1948mAM TI. esa. eliyaTane nobela prAijha maLyuM tyAre temanI kavitAo pro. vI. je. trivedI pAsethI samajavA koziza karI hatI. tamArA bALapaNano sauthI yAdagAra prasaMga tamane kayo lAge harIndra davenI mulAkAta 18e paranA badhA ja AMkaDA koI ke bhUMsI nAkhyA hoya evuM lAge che. chatAM keTalIka kSaNo spaSTapaNe yAda che. emAMnI eka che mArA pitAnA avasAnanI. pra. bALapaNamAM kevuM vAtAvaraNa maLyuM ? eno tamArA sarjana para koI prabhAva paDyo che kharo ? agAunA uttaramAM kahyuM ema bALapaNanuM koI spaSTa smaraNa nathI. paraMtu bALapaNamAM ja mRtyu pAmelA mArA eka mitra narendra bhaTTane kAraNe gharazALAvALA girIzabhAI bhaTTano paricaya thayo hato. temanA kuTuMbanuM saMskArI ane sAhityapremI vAtAvaraNa sparzI gayuM hatuM. mArA pitAnI sAhityika abhiruci ane mane vArasAmAM maLelA temanA nAnakaDA graMthAlayanI keTalIka amUlya kRtio mArA mATe preraNArUpa banI hatI. pra. tamArA sarjaka-vyaktitvanA ghaDataramAM kayAM paribaLoe bhAga bhajavyo che ? mArA pitA, gurujano ane jemanI kRtio vAMcI che evA asaMkhya sArasvato. tame "kRSNa ane mAnavasaMbaMdho' lakhyuM che jemAM mahAbhAratano abhyAsa, maulika arthaghaTana ane ciMtananuM UMDANa jovA maLe che. tame rAmAyaNa para paNa hAla lakhI rahyA cho. makaranda davenI mAphaka tame pote dhArmika cho evuM kahetAM saheje zarama rAkhatA nathI to tamArI dharmabhAvanA zuM che ? tamArI AsthA zenA para che ? ja. huM Astika chuM ke dharmamAM mAnuM chuM ema kahevAmAM mane jarAya saMkoca thato nathI kAraNa ke huM ema mAnuM chuM. mArA jIvananA ja . mane bacapaNanuM bahu ja jhAMkhuM smaraNa che. bhUtakALanI pATI

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10. bhAvana-vibhAvanA eTalA badhA anubhavomAM meM joyuM che ke koIka evuM tattva che - koIka evuM paramatattva che - ke e paramatattva sudhI pahoMcavAnI gati mANase karavI joIe. kyAreka mArI AsapAsanI paristhitimAM kyAMya rasto dekhAto na hoya tyAre paNa koIka evuM che je rasto dekhADe che. Avo mane nAnapaNathI anubhava thato Avyo che. ghaNAbadhA mitronI sAthe jyAre tALo meLavuM chuM tyAre badhAne AvA anubhava thatA ja hoya che. A anubhava e ja koI paramatattvanI hastI ke hayAtI hovAno ApaNane khyAla Ape che ane e che ja, to pachI mAnatAM saMkoca zA mATe ? ma, tamArA sarjanamAM mRtyu vizenAM kAvyo maLe che. mRtyu tamAro priya viSaya che. jIvananI asthAyItA, hatAzAono thAka lAge to kharo, paNa mRtyu mATenuM tamane mugdha AkarSaNa che. kyAreka rAtre AMkha mIMcuM ane savAre jAguM nahi to kevuM ? enI madhura kalpanA tamane thAya che. tame lakhyuM che paNa kharuM - 'nidrAno sAco kImiyo zodhI rahyo chuM huM, A zuM ke roja sUIne hararoja jAgavuM ?" A maraNecchA sAthe koI vaiphalya ke nirAzA che ke pachI muktinI jhaMkhanA che ? muktinI jhaMkhanA ke mokSa tarapha javAnI gati ane ene mArI maraNecchAnI sAthe huM sAMkaLuM to bahu moTI vAta karI deto houM ema mane lAge. pahelI vakhata mArI mRtyunI vibhAvanA spaSTa thaI tyAre mane AvuM kazuM ja nahotuM. pachI dhIre dhIre eka artha UghaDe ke mukti eTale mokSa e kharuM, paNa e artha mArA manamAM nahoto, mRtyu mArA mATe eka anubhava che ke je harIndra davenI mulAkAta 1e karavA mATe huM telaguM chuM, je mArA hAthamAM nathI. umAzaMkarabhAIe mane sarjakanI kephiyata 'saMskRti' mATe ApavA kahyuM tyAre teno aMta ja A rIte karyo che - 'A kSaNe paNa mane praphullita , prasanna jiMdagI ane prasanna mRtyunI vaccethI pasaMdagI karavAnI Ave to huM prasanna mRtyu pasaMda karuM.' mRtyu to Akhare AvavAnuM ja che to pachI ApaNI pasaMdagIthI zA mATe na Ave ? mRtyu mATeno mAro eka anurAga rahyo che tema kahuM to cAle. kavitAmAM tame badhA prakAranA chaMdo para hathoTI batAvI che. saMskRta chaMdomAM suMdara kAvyo lakhyAM che. chaMdamAM paNa kAma karyuM che ane achAMdasamAM paNa kAma karyuM che to AmAM tame kaI rIte abhivyakti pAmI zakyA ? tame chaThThI dAyakAthI gujarAtI sAhityanA kavitAnA kSetre kAma karyuM. e peDhIne umAzaMkara, suMdaram paricita hatA ane rAjendra zAha, niraMjana bhagatano prAraMbha hato. e pachI Aja sudhI gujarAtI kavitA adyatana thatI gaI to tenI sAthe tame kevI rIte tAla meLavI zakyA ? kalpanavAda Avyo chatAM tame to tamArI rIte kAma karatA rahyA. mAtra khapa pUrato kalpanano upayoga karyo, ema kema ? Adhunika zabdano artha Aje ApaNe karIe chIe te ja khoTo che. huM Aje lakhuM chuM mATe Adhunika hoya, mArAthI vIsa varSa nAno kavi Aje lakhe che mATe Adhunika - ema kahevA huM taiyAra nathI. kAlidAsa, zeksapiyarane Adhunika nahi kahIe ? e moTA sarjako Aje paNa yugathI AgaLa che. kAlidAsanI sarjakatA juo ke eliyaTanI sarjakatA juo. eliyaTe 19mI sadInA pahelA caraNanI aMdara kAma karyuM to te ApaNA mATe junavANI thaI gayo ? e vadhAre Adhunika

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192 bhAvana-vibhAvanA che. keTalIka vakhata AdhunikatAno sAco saMdarbha mANasa kavitA lakhe pachI 10-20 varSe nakkI thAya ke A kAyama mATe Adhunika kavi che. huM to Adhunikano A ja artha karuM chuM. huM pote je kavitA lakhuM chuM te nijAnaMdI ke svAntaH sukhAya lakhuM chuM ema kahevAno dAvo eTalA mATe nathI karato ke e lakhyA pachI loko vAMce to mane game che. e kavitA koI samaje ke koInA mananI aMdara enA aMge prazno jAge to e vastuthI mane AnaMda paNa thAya che. paNa kavitA lakhatI vakhate mAre koIka karAmata karavI che evo mane kadI khyAla nathI Avyo. sahaja rIte mArA magajamAM - mArA manamAM - mArA hRdayane ema thAya ke mAre A vAta kahevI che to e vAtane huM zabdonI aMdara mUkI dauM chuM, paNa e sivAya atyAre koNa lakhe che ane kevI rIte lakhe che enuM anukaraNa jyAre lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM tyAre paNa nahotuM karyuM ane Aje paNa karavAnuM mana thatuM nathI. tamArI liri kala naoNvela 'mAdhava kyAMya nathI mAM kRSNa che, "kRSNa ane mAnavasaMbaMdho' e tamAro kRSNaprema batAve che, jemAM mahAbhAratane kendramAM rAkhIne tame kRSNanuM Alekhana karyuM che. tamArI kavitAmAM paNa tamAro Agavo kRSNa che. to tamAre mana zrIkRSNa e mitha' che, kalpanA che ke vAstavikatA harIndra davenI mulAkAta 193 pasaMda karIza. enA mATenAM mArAM tamAma spaMdano meM eTalAM jIvaMta rIte anubhavyAM che ke huM tamArI sAthe vAta karuM chuM e rIte kRSNa sAthe vAta karI che ema mane lAge che. eTale ja meM eka gItamAM lakhyuM hatuM ke, mane mArage maLyA tA zyAma koNa mAnaze ? mane mITamAM kanyA 'tA zyAma koNa mAnaze ? pra. tamArI pAsethI 'mAdhava kyAMya nathI" jevI navalakathA maLe che. je navala kavitA jevI hoya, alaMkRta bhASA hoya, subaddha hoya emAM anubhavanuM viziSTa mahattva hotuM nathI. bIjI bAju tame vAcakomAM bahoLI cAhanA meLavanArI navalakathAo paNa lakhI che jemAM vAcakone sAthe laIne cAlavAnuM hoya che. AvI navalakathAne ApaNA keTalAka unnatabhU vivecakoe utArI pADI che. tamAruM A aMge zuM mAnavuM che ? ja . jo evuM hoya to cArlsa DikansanI navalakathAo hapatAvAra pragaTa thayA karatI ane Aje aMgrejI bhASAmAM uttama navalakathAkAra tarIke emanuM sthAna che. keTalA badhA navalakathAkAro lokapriya hovAnI sAthe UMcA gajAnA sarjaka hatA. TaoNlsTaoNya keTalA badhA lokapriya hatA ! keTalAka navalakathAkAronuM A durbhAgya hoya che ke emane jamAnAmAM loko samajI zakyA na hoya, paNa moTAbhAganA navalakathAkAro emanA jamAnAnI aMdara svIkRta thayelA ane lokapriya thayelA ja che. je uttama zreSTha navalakathAkAro che te paNa. navalakathAmAM eka bAju thI tame paraMparA sAthe kAma pAra pADo cho, to bIjI bAju tenAthI taddana judo ja abhigama dharAvo cho. 'mAdhava kyAMya nathI mAM tame mithano judI rIte upayoga ja. 'kRSNa ane mAnavasaMbaMdhonA upasaMhAramAM meM lakhyuM che ke kRSNa e mAre mATe sarjanano viSaya nathI, sarjanahAra svayaM che. meM kyAre kRSNakavitA lakhI ema kahevAne badale kRSNae kyAre mArI kavitAmAM pravezavAnuM pasaMda karyuM, ema kahevuM huM vadhAre

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bhAvana-vibhAvana karyo che. 'saMga-asaMgamAM sAdhusamAjanI vividha sAdhanApaddhatinI vAta karI che. bIjI bAju "anAgata' jevI laghunavala A badhAthI judI tarI Ave che jemAM pAtronA nimitte olavAtA gAmaDAnI vAta che. tame A baMne vastu sAthe kaI rIte tAla meLavI zako cho ? navalakathA huM kyAreya lakhI nahi zakuM ema mArA manamAM hatuM. ema hatuM ke navalakathA mArA gajA bahAranI vAta che. paNa navalakathAnI pahelI dIkSA ane zrI kanaiyAlAla munazI pAsethI maLI. emanI "kRSNAvatAra' e aMgrejImAM lakhato hato te gujarAtImAM utAravAnI mane taka maLI. munazInI kalpanAzakti ane vyApa e je rIte prasaMgo letA temAM dekhAtAM. teo e prasaMgo vize mArI sAthe vAta karatA. vikhyAta digdarzaka mahebUbakhAna ema kahetA hatA ke huM evuM sAruM piksara utAruM ke koI paNa tabakke prekSakane pAMca miniTa dhUmrapAna mATe bahAra jauM tevuM na thAya te rIte navalakathA vize munazI ema mAnatA ke navalakathA adhUrI mUkIne bahAra javuM paDe to vAcakanA manamAM eno khaTako rahevo joIe. e copaDI sAthe ja bahAra laIne jAya ane taka maLe to huM A vAMcI nAkhuM ema vicAre. munazI pAsethI A vastunI dIkSA maLI ane emAMthI pahelI paoNpyulara romaeNnTika navalakathA lakhI aganapaMkhI'. paNa pachI vilA kethara nAmanI lekhikAnI navalakathAno anuvAda vAMcyo. emAM eka pachI eka prasaMgo ja AvatA. e prasaMgone ekabIjA sAthe saMbaMdha na hoya ane chatAM emAMthI AkhI samagra ghaTanA nIpajatI hoya evuM banyuM. eTale meM 'paLanAM pratibiMba' nAmanI navalakathA lakhI. 'paLanAM harIndra davenI mulAkAta pratibiba' ane 'anAgata' - A baMne mArI priya kRtio che. mane potAne khUba game che. 'mAdhava kyAMya nathI' ane 'saMga-asaMga' e lokomAM vaMcAI sArI rIte e kharuM. pra. tamArA priya videzI sarjako kayA kayA ? ja. nio, hiTamena, rilka ane TI. esa. eliyaTa. tamAro vivecanasaMgraha paNa TUMka samayamAM pragaTa thavAno che. tame sAhityakRtinuM vivecana mAtra svAntaH sukhAya karo cho ke pachI enI pAchaLa vAcakone upayogI thavAno khyAla hoya che ke setubaMdha thavAno khyAla hoya che ? bhAvakanI samajadArI keLavavAno bahu moTo dAvo to nahi karuM. paNa huM je kaMI vAMcuM chuM tyAre meM je AnaMda mANyo hoya temAM mitrone paNa sahabhAgI banAvIe. AnaMda maLe e vaheMcI laIe. sarasa kRti vAMcI e mArA sudhI sImita rAkhavAne badale zuM kAma badhAne AnaMda vaheMcI na devo ? huM je rIte samajyo chuM te rIte kema na kahevuM ? pra. tamArI kRtio vizenuM vivecana vAMcI tame zI lAgaNI anubhavo cho ? tamane pasaMda paDyuM hoya tevuM tamArI kRtinuM vivecana karyuM ? kRti vize koI sAruM lakhe to game. TIkA kare to thoDuM du:kha thAya, paNa baMnenI pAra vivecananA marma sudhI pahoMcavAno prayatna karuM chuM. 'mAdhava kyAMya nathI'nI bIjI AvRttinI darzaka lakhelI prastAvanA. pra. sarjanamAM kasaba-kArIgarInuM keTaluM mahattva lAge che ?

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bhAvana-vibhAvanA ja. dehamAM vastraAbhUSaNanuM hoya eTaluM ja . mahimA dehano che, vastra ke AbhUSaNano nahi. pra. patrakAratvanA kSetramAM sauthI AnaMdadAyI ghaTanA kaI banI ? ja. 1977mAM mAnavaadhikAranA prazna laDAyelI cUMTaNImAM janatA pakSano vijaya thayo che. bhale pakSano vijaya kSaNajIvI nIvaDyo, paNa prajAno saramukhatyArazAhI sAmeno avAja spaSTa rIte sAMbhaLavA maLyo. pra. lagabhaga 24 varSathI tamAro patrakAratva sAthe sIdho nAto rahelo che. tamane sAhitya ane patrakAratva pUraka lAge che ke bAdhaka ? patrakAratva tamArA eTalA ja rasano viSaya che ke kyAreya tame sAhitya ane patrakAratvamAMthI kone pradhAnatA ApavI emAM dvidhA anubhavo cho ? amuka aMza sudhI patrakAratva mane khUba madadarUpa nIvaDyuM che. ene kAraNe roja be-pAMca hajAra zabdo lakhavA paDe. ethI bhASA sAthe karAmata karavAnuM phAvI gayuM che. bhASAmAM je kAMI lIlA karavAnI hoya - je kAMI kahevAnuM hoya - te be-pAMca hajAra zabdo lakhAya tenAthI bhASAmAM sajjatA AvI jatI hoya che. anubhavanuM vizALa jagata maLe che. eka divasa rAjapuruSa sAthe besIne vAta karatA ho, bIjA divase koI arthazAstrI sAthe besIne vAta karatA ho, kulapati sAthe praznonI carcA karatA ho - Ama patrakAratvathI vyApa vadhe che. koI vAra maeNca cAlatI hoya ane pUchIe ke zuM skora thayo ? to badhAne thAya ke ATalo badho rasa ! patrakAratvane lIdhe e kSetra vikase che. pachI eka tabakko evo Ave che ke je tabakkAmAMthI have harIndra davenI mulAkAta 193 huM pasAra thaI rahyo chuM) ema lAge ke bemAMthI pasaMdagI karavI joIe. kAraNa jyAM sudhI patrakAratva bIjA naMbarane sthAne hoya tyAM sudhI kazo vAMdho nathI Avato, takalIpha paDatI nathI. patrakAratvamAM pahelA naMbaramAM javAbadArI hoya che, mUMjhavaNo hoya che. e tabakka vahIvaTI kAmomAM phasAI jAva pachI patrakAratvanuM potAnuM lakhavAno samaya paNa ghaNo ocho rahe che. atyAra sudhI patrakAratva madadarUpa thayuM che, 'gAMdhInI kAvaDa' ke "yuge yuge' jevI kRtio patrakAratvamAM na hota to na lakhAta. have ema lAge che ke patrakAratva choDI devuM joIe. AvatI sadImAM TIvI ane viDiyono prasAra sAhityane hAnikAraka nIvaDaze ? ja. nA. lakhatA sAhityanI jarUra manuSyane haMmezAM rahevAnI. pra. tamAruM sauthI priya pustaka kayuM ? 'mahAbhArata'. pra. sAhitya sivAyanI anya kalAmAM tamane rasa che ? ja. kalA mAtramAM rasa to che. mAtra enA pratyeka prakAramAM UMDANamAM javAno avakAza nathI maLyo.