Agam Yug ka Anekantwad

Author(s): Dalsukh Malvania
Publisher: Jain Cultural Research Society
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004351/1

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zrI jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala po0 banArasa hindU yunivarsiTI patrikA naM0 13 Agamayuga kA anekAntavAda le0 paM0 zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA jainadarzanAdhyApaka, banArasa hindU yunivarsiTI 'saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM *TRUTH ALONE MATTERS JAIN CULTURAL RESEARCH SOCIETY P. O. Benares Hindu University. Annas Eight

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lekha aura lekhaka ke viSaya meM paNDita zrI mAlavaNiyA jaise bahuzruta vaise hI svatantra cintaka bhI haiN| unakA AgamoM aura darzanoMkA abhyAsa-khAsa karake jainadarzanakA abhyAsa-bahuta gaharA aura bahumukhI bhI hai| ve siMghI jaina sirijha (bhAratIya vidyAbhavana) meM zAntisUrikRta jaina tarkavArtika kA sampAdana kara rahe haiN| ukta vAtika siddhasena divAkarakRta nyAyAvatAra kI gadyapadyamaya vivRti hai| isakA sampAdana karate hue zrIyata mAlavaNiyAne aneka dArzanika muddoM para hindI meM vistRta TippaNa likhe haiM aura eka bahuta vistRta prastAvanA bhI likhI hai jo saba thor3e hI samaya meM viziSTa grantharUpa se prasiddha hone vAlA hai| prastAvanA meM unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra se lekara karIba hajAra varSa taka meM carcita, cintita, saMgRhIta aura vikasita aise jaina-darzanake prANabhUta anekAntavAda, saptabhaMgI tathA jJAnavAdakA aitihAsika evaM tulanAtmaka dRSTise UhApoha kiyA hai| prastuta lekha usa vistRta UhApohakA eka bhAga mAtra hai| isameM mukhyatayA AmamakAlIna anekAntavAdakA hI nirUpaNa hai| isameM jaise veda se lekara upaniSadoM taka kA cintana pUrvabhUmikA rUpa se AyA hai vaise hI samakAlIna tathAgata baddhakA tattvacintana bhI AyA hai| pUrvakAlIna aura samakAlIna tattvacintana ke sAtha tulanA karake bhagavAnke dRSTikoNakA vizeSatva lekhakane hastAmalakavat darzAyA hai| jahA~ taka hama jAnate haiM vahA~ taka kisI videzI yA dezI vidvAn ne abhI taka aisA koI vyApaka prayatna nahIM kiyA hai| yaha lekha jaisA jaina-darzanake ucca abhyAsiyoMke lie upayogI hai vaisA hI darzanamAtrake ucca abhyAsiyoMke lie bhI vicArapreraka hai| jijJAsuoMko jaldI tathA saralatAse sulabha ho evaM pAThyakrama meM upayogI ho sake isa dRSTi se hama nibaMdhako patrikArUpa se prasiddha kara rahe haiN| yadi tattvajijJAsu dhIraja se isako par3heMge to ve tattvacintanakI saccI dizA ko samajha skeNge| zAntilAla va0 zeTha maMtrI, zrI jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala-banArasa

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Agamayuga kA anekAntavAda lekhaka-zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavagiyA jainadarzanAdhyApaka-banArasa hindU yunivarsiTI : prAstAvikajaina darzanazAstrake vikAsakramako cAra yugoMmeM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai 1.. Agama yug| 2. anekAntasthApana yug| .3. pramANazAstravyavasthA yug| 4. navInanyAya yug| yugoMke lakSaNa yugoMke nAmase hI spaSTa haiN| kAlamaryAdA isa prakAra rakhI jA sakatI hai-Agamayuga bhagavAn mahAvIrake nirvANase lekara karIba eka hajAra varSa kA hai (vi0 pU0 470-vi0 500), dUsarA vi0 pAMcavIse AThavIM zatAbdI taka tIsarA AThavIMse satrahavIM taka aura cauthA aThArahavIM se Adhunika samayaparyanta / ina sabhI yugoMkI vizeSatAoMkA maine anyatra saMkSiptameM vivecana kiyA hai| dUsare, tIsare aura cauthe yugakI dArzanika sampattike viSaya meM pU0 paNDita sukhalAlajI, paNDita phailAsacandrajI, paM0 mahendrakumArajI Adi vidvAnoMne paryApta mAtrAmeM prakAza DAlA hai kintu Agamayugake sAhityameM jaina-darzanake anekAntavAdake viSayameM kyA kyA mantavya haiM unakA saGkalana paryApta mAtrAmeM nahIM huA hai| ataeva yahAM jaina AgamoMke AdhArase anekAntavAdakA vivecana karanekA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| aisA hone se hI anekAntayugake vividha pravAhoMkA udgama kyA hai, AgamameM vaha hai ki nahIM, hai to kaisA hai yaha spaSTa hogA itanA hI nahIM balki jaina AcAryone mUla tatvoMkA kaisA pallavana aura vikasana kiyA 1. 'premI abhinandana grantha meM merA lekha pR0 303 tathA maNDalakI patrikA naM. 1 2. vhii|

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( 2 ) saMvA navIna tatvoMko tatkAlIna dArzanika vicAradhArA meM se apanA kara apane tatvoMko vyavasthita kiyA yaha bhI spaSTa ho skegaa| ... Agamayugake dArzanika tattvoMke vivecanameM maiMne zvetAmbara prasiddha mUla AmamoM / kA hI upayoga kiyA hai / digambaroM ke mUla SaTkhaNDAgama AvikA upayoga maiMne nahIM kiyA / una zAstroMkA darzanake sAtha adhika sambandha nahIM hai / una granthoM meM jaina-karmatattvakA hI vizeSa vivaraNa hai| ' Agamika dArzanika tattva anekAntake vivecana ke pahale vevase lekara upaniSada paryanta vivAra-dhArA ke tathA bauddha tripiTakako vicAra-dhArAke prastutopayogI aMzakA bhI bhUmikArUpase maiMne Akalana kiyA hai-so isa dRSTise ki tatva-vicArameM vaidika aura bauddha donoM dhArAoMke AghAta-pratyAghAtase jaina Agamika dArzanika cintanadhArAne kaisA rUpa liyA-yaha spaSTa ho jAya / [1] bhagavAn mahAvIrase pUrva kI sthiti (a) vedase upaniSad paryanta- vizva ke svarUpake viSaya meM nAnA prakArake prazna aura una praznoMkA samAdhAna yaha vividha prakArase prAcInakAla se hotA AyA hai-isa bAtakA sAkSI Rgvedase lekara upaniSad aura bAvakA samasta dArzanika sUtra aura TIkA sAhitya hai| RgverakA dIrthatanA RSi vizvake mUla kAraNa aura svarUpakI khojameM lIna hokara prazna karatA hai ki isa vizvakI utpatti kaise huI hai ? ise kauna jAnatA hai ? hai koI aisA jo jAnakArase pUcha kara isakA patA lagAve ?' vaha phira kahatA hai ki maiM to nahIM jAnatA kintu khoja meM idhara-udhara vicaratA hU~ to bacanake dvArA satyake darzana hote haiN| khoja karate-karate dIrghatamAne anta meM kaha diyA ki "eka sad viprA bahudhA vadanti / " sat to eka hI hai kintu vidvAn usakA varNana kaI prakArase karate haiN| arthAt eka hI tatvake viSayameM nAnA prakArake vacanaprayoga dekhe jAte haiN| 1-Rgveda 10. 5, 27, 88, 129 ityAdi / taittirIyopaniSad 3.1 / zvetA0 1.1 / . 2-Rgveda 1. 164.4 / 3-Rgveda 1. 164.37|4-Rgved 1. 164.46 /

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.. vIrghatamAke isa udgArameM hI manuSyasvabhAvakI vizeSatAkA hameM spaSTa darzana hotA hai jise hama samanvayazIlatA kahate haiN| isI samanvayazIlatAkA zAstrIya rUpa jaina-darzana-sammata syAvAva yA anekAntavAda hai| __ nAsadIyasUktakA' RSi jagatke AdikAraNa usa parama gabhIra tatvako jaba na sat kahanA cAhatA hai aura na asat, taba yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki vaha RSi ajJAnI yA saMzayavAdI thA kintu itanA hI samajhanA cAhie ki RSike pAsa usa parama tattvake prakAzanake lie upayukta zabda na the| zabdakI itanI zakti nahIM hai ki vaha parama tattvako sampUrNa rUpameM prakAzita kara ske| isalie RSine kaha diyA ki usa samaya na sat thA na asat / zabdazaktikI isa maryAdAke svIkArarmese hI syAdvAdakA aura asvIkArameMse hI ekAntavAdoM kA janma hotA hai| vizvake kAraNakI jijJAsAmeMse aneka virodhI matavAda utpanna hue jinakA nirdeza upaniSadoMmeM huA hai| jisako socate-socate jo sUjha par3A use usane logoMmeM kahanA zurU kiyaa| isa prakAra matoMkA eka jAla bana gyaa| jaise eka hI pahAr3ameMse aneka dizAoM meM nadiyA~ bahatI haiM usa prakAra eka hI praznameMse aneka matoMko nadiyA~ bahane lgiiN| aura jyoM jyoM vaha deza aura kAlameM Age bar3hI tyoM tyoM vistAra bar3hatA gyaa| kintu ve nadiyA~ jaise eka hI samudra meM jA milatI haiN| usI prakAra sabhI matavAdoM kA samanvaya mahAsamudra rUpa syAdvAda yA anekAntavAdameM ho gayA hai / . . vizvakA mUlakAraNa kyA hai ? vaha sat hai yA asat ? sat hai to puruSa hai yA puruSatara-jala, vAyu, agni, AkAza Adi meM se koI eka ? ina praznoMkA uttara upaniSadoMke RSiyoMne apanI apanI pratibhAke balase diyA hai / aura isa viSaya meM nAnA matavAdoMkI sRSTi khar3I kara dI hai| - kisIke matase asatse hI satkI utpatti huI hai / koI kahatA haiprArambhameM mRtyukA hI sAmrAjya thA , anya kucha bhI nahIM thaa| usImeMse sRSTi 1. Rgveda 10. 129 / / 2. "udadhAviva sarvasindhavaH samudIrNAstvayi nAtha ! dRSTayaH / na ca tAsu bhavAn pradRzyate pravibhaktAsu saritsvivodadhiH // " *-siddhasenadvAtrizikA 4-15 // 3. Constructive Survey of Upanishads P. 73 4. 'asadvA idamana AsIt / tato vai sdjaayt"| taittirI0 2.7 5. "naveha kiMcanAgra AmInmRtyunaivedamAvRtamAsIt" bRhadA0 1.21 /

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( 4 ) huI / isa kathanameM bhI eka rUpakake jariye asatse satkI utpatti kA hI svIkAra hai| kisI RSike matase asatse sat huA aura vahI aNDa bana kara sRSTikA utpAdaka huA / ina matoMke viparIta satkAraNavAdioMkA kahanA hai ki asatse satkI utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai ? sarvaprathama eka aura advitIya sat hI thaa| usIne socA meM aneka hoU~ / taba kramazaH sRSTiko utpatti huI hai| satkAraNavAdioMkA bhI aikamatya nhiiN| kisIne jalako, kisIne vAyuko kisIne agniko, kisIne AkAzako aura kisIne prANako vizvakA mUla kAraNa maanaa| * ina sabhI vAdoMkA sAmAnya tattva yaha hai ki vizvake mUla kAraNa rUpase koI mAtmA yA puruSa nahIM hai / kintu ina sabhI vAdoMke viruddha anya RSiyoMkA mata hai ki ina jar3a tattvoMmeMse sRSTi utpanna ho nahIM sakatI, sarvotpattike mUlameM koI cetana tattva kartA honA caahiye| pippalAda RSike matase prajApatise sRSTi huI hai| kintu bRhadAraNyaka mAtmAko mUlakAraNa mAnakara usImeMse strI aura puruSakI utpattike dvArA kramazaH saMpUrNa vizvakI sRSTi mAnI gaI hai / aitareyopaniSadeM bhI sRSTi-krama meM bheva hone para bhI mUla kAraNa to AtmA hI mAnA gayA hai 6 / yahI bAta tattirIyopaniSad ke viSayameM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| kintu isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki AtmAko utpattikA.kartA nahIM balki kAraNa mAtra mAnA gayA hai| 1. "Adityo brhmtyaadeshH| tasyopavyAkhyAnam / asadevedamA AsIt / tat / sadAsIt / tat samabhavat / tavANDaM niravartata / " chAndo0 3. 19.1 / 2. "sadeva somyedamana AsIdekamevAdvitIyam / taddhaka Ahurasadevedamana AsIdekamevAdvitIyam / tasmAvasataH sjjaayt| kutastu khalu somya evaM syAditi hovAca kathamasataH sajjAyateti / sattveva somyevamana AsIda ekamevAdvitIyam tadakSata bahusyAM prajAyeti" / chAndo0 6. 2. / 3. bRhadA0 5. 5. 1. / chAndo0 4. 3 / kaTho0 2. 5. 9. chAndo0 1. 9.1 / chAndo0 1. 11.5 / 4. 3. 3. / 4. prazno0 1. 3 / 13 / / 5. bRhadA0 1. 4. 1.4 / 6. aitareya0 1.1.3. / 7. taittirI0 2. 1. /

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arthAt apa kA AnA yA prajApati meM pRSTika tatvakA Aropa hai jaba ki isameM AtmAko sirpha mUla kAraNa mAnakara paMcabhUtoMkI saMbhUti usa AtmAse huI hai itanA hI pratiyAdha hai ! muNDakopaniSadameM jar3a aura cetana sabhI kI utpatti divya, amUrta aura aja aise puruSase mAnI gaI hai| yahA~ bhI use kartA nahIM kahA gayA hai / zvetAzvataropaniSad meM vizvAvipa devAdhideva rudra Izvarako hI jagatkartA mAnA gayA hai aura usI ko mUla kAraNa bhI kahA gayA hai / upaniSadoM ke ina vAdoM ko saMkSiptameM kahanA ho to kahA jA sakatA hai ki kisIke matase asatse satko utpatti hotI hai, kisIke bhatase vizvakA mUlatattva sat jar3a hai aura kisIke matase vaha sat tattva cetana hai| eka dUsarI dRSTise bhI kAraNakA vicAra prAcIna kAla meM hotA thaa| usakA patA hameM zvetAzvataropaniSadase calatA hai| usameM Izvarako hI parama tatva aura Adi kAraNa siddha karaneke liye jina anya matoMkA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai ve ye hai:3. 1 kAla, 2 svabhAva, 3 niyati, 4 yadRcchA, 5 bhUta, 6 puruSa, 7 ina sabhI kA saMyoga, 8 aatmaa| - upaniSadoMmeM ina nAnA vAdoMkA nirdeza hai ataeva usa samaya paryanta ina vAdoM kA astitva thA hI isa bAta kA svIkAra karate hue bhI pro. rAnaDekA kahanA hai ki upaniSadkAlIna dArzanikoMkI darzanakSetrameM jo viziSTa dena hai vaha to AtmavAda hai| anya sabhI vAdoMke hote hue jisa vAdane AgekI pIr3hI ke Upara apanA asara kAyama rakhA aura jo upaniSadoMkA khAsa tattva samajhA jAne lagA vaha to AtmabAda hI hai| upaniSadoMke RSi antameM isI natIje para pahu~ce ki vizvakA mUla kAraNa yA parama tattva AtmA hI hai / paramezvarako bhI, jo saMsArakA Adi kAraNa hai, zvetAzvatarameM 'Atmastha' dekhaneko kahA hai "tamAtmasthaM ye'nupazyanti dhIrAsteSAM sukhaM zAzvataM netareSAm" 6. 12 / .1. muNDa0 2. 1. 2-9 / 2. zvetA0 3. 2 / 6. 9 / 3. "kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyam / saMyoga eSAM natvAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIzaH sukhduHkhhetoH||" zvetA0 1.2 / 4. Constructive survey of Upanishads Ch. VI. P.246

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chAndogya kA nimna vAkya dekhie "athAtaH AtmAvezaH bhAtmavApastAt, AtmopariSTAt, AtmA pazcAta, mAtmA purastAt, AtmA dakSiNataH AtmottarataH AtmaivedaM sarvamiti / sa vA eSa evaM pazyan evaM manvAna evaM vijAnanAtmaratirAtmakrIDa Atmamithuna AtmA-. mandaH sa svarAD bhavati tasya sarveSu lokeSu kAmacAro bhavati / " chAndo0 7. 25 // bRhadAraNyakameM upadeza diyA gayA hai ki___"na vA are sarvasya kAmAya sarva priyaM bhavati Atmanastu kAmAya sarva priyaM bhavati / AtmA vA are draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nividhyAsitavyo maitreyyAsmano vA are darzanena zravaNena matyA vijJAnenedaM sarva viditam / " 2. 4. 5. / upaniSadoMkA brahma aura AtmA bhinna nahIM kintu AtmA hI brahma hai"ayamAtmA brahma-bRhadA0 2. 5. 19. / isa prakAra upaniSadoMkA tAtparya AtmavAda yA brahmavAdameM hai aisA jo kahA jAtA hai vaha usa kAlake dArzanikoMkA usa vAdake prati jo vizeSa pakSapAta thA usIko lakSyameM rakhakara hai| paramatattva AtmA yA brahmako upaniSadoMke RSiyoMne zAzvata, sanAtana, nitya, ajanya dhruva mAnA hai / isI Atmatattva yA brahmatattvako jar3a aura cetana jagatkA upAdAna kAraNa, nimitta kAraNa yA adhiSThAna mAnakara dArzanikoMne kevalAdvaita, viziSTAdvaita, dvaitAbaita yA zuddhAdvaitakA samarthana kiyA hai| ina sabhI vAdoMke anukUla vAkyoMkI upalabdhi upaniSadoMmeM hotI hai ataH ina sabhI vAdoMke bIja upaniSadoMmeM hai aisA mAnanA yuktisaMgata hI hai| . upaniSad kAlameM kucha loga mahAbhUtase AtmAkA samutthAna aura mahAbhUtoM meM hI AtmAkA laya mAnane vAle the kintu upaniSadkAlIna AtmavAdake pracaNDa pravAhameM usa vAdakA koI khAsa mUlya nahIM raha gyaa| isa bAtakI pratIti bRhadAraNyakanirdiSTa yAjJavalkya aura maitreyIke saMvAdase ho jAtI hai| maitreyI ke sAmane jaba yAjJavalkyane bhUtabAdakI carcA cher3akara kahA ki "vijJAnadhana ina bhUtoMse hI samutthita hokara inhIMmeM lIna ho jAtA hai. paraloka yA 1. kaTho 1. 2. 18 / 2. 6. 1. / 1. 3. 15 / 2. 4. . / zvetA0 2. 15 / muNDako0 1. 6 / ityAdi / 2. Constructive Survey of Upanishads. P. 205-232

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punarjanma jaisI koI bAta nahIM hai" / ' taba maitreyone kahA ki aisI bAta vahakara hameM mohameM mata ddaalo| isase spaSTa hai ki AtmavAdake sAmane bhUtavAdakA koI mUlya nahIM raha gayA thaa| prAcIna upaniSadoMkA kAla pro0 rAnaDene I0 pU0 1200 se 600 taka mAnA hai / yaha kAla bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ke pahalekA hai / ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki una donoM mahApuruSoMke pahale bhAratIya darzanakI sthiti jAnanekA sAvana upaniSadoMse bar3hakara anya kucha ho nahIM sakatA / ataeva hamane Upara upaniSadoMke AdhArase hI bhAratIya darzanoMkI sthiti para kucha prakAza DAlanekA prayatna kiyA hai / usa prakAzake AdhAra para yadi hama jaina aura bauddha darzana ke mUla tattvoMkA vizleSaNa kareM to dArzanika kSetrameM jaina aura bauddha zAstrako kyA dena hai yaha sahaja hI meM vidita ho sakatA hai| prastutameM vizeSataH jaina tattvajJAnake viSayameM hI kahanA iSTa hai isa kAraNa bauddha darzanake tattvoMkA ullekha tulanAkI vRSTi se prasaMgavaza hI kiyA jAyagA aura mukhyataH jainadarzanake maulika tattva kI vivecanA kI jaaygii| (A) bhagavAna buddhakA anAtmavAda bhagavAna mahAvIra aura buddhake nirvANake viSayameM jaina-bauddha anuzrutiyoM ko yadi pramANa mAnA jAya to phalita yaha hotA hai ki bhagavAn buddhakA nirvANa I0 pU0 544 meM huA thA ataeva unhoMne apanI ihajIvanalIlA bhagavAn mahAvIrase pahale samApta kI thI aura unhoMne upadeza bhI bhagavAnke pahale hI denA zuru kiyA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve pArzva-paraMparAke cAturyAmakA ullekha karate hai| upaniSadkAlIna AtmavAdakI bAr3ha ko bhagavAn buddhane anAtmavAdakA upadeza dekara maMda kiyaa| jitane vegase AtmavAdakA pracAra huA aura sabhI tattvake mUlameM eka parama tattva zAzvata AtmA ko hI mAnA jAne lagA utane hI vegase bhagavAn buddhane usa vAdako jar3a kATanekA prayatna kiyA / bhagavAn buddha vibhajyavAdI the / ataeva unhoMne rUpa Adi jJAta vastuoM ko eka-eka karake nAma siddha kiyA / unakI dalIlakA krama aisA hai:3 1. "vijJAnaghana evaitebhyo bhUtebhyaH samutthAya tAnyevAnuvinazyati na pretyasaMjJA astItyare bravImIti hovAca yAjJavalkyaH / " bRhadA0 2. 4. 12 / 2. Op. Cit., P. 13 3. saMyutta nikAya XII. 70. 32-37.

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( 8 ) "kyA rUpa anitya hai yA nitya ? anitya / jo anitya hai vaha sukha hai yA duHkha ? duHkh| jo cIja anitya hai, duHkha hai, vipariNAmI hai kyA usake viSaya meM isa prakAra ke vikalpa karatA ThIka hai ki-yaha merA hai, yaha mai hU~, yaha merI AtmA hai ? nhiiN|" isI kramale vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ke viSaya meM bhI prazna karake bhagavAna buddha ne AtmabAda ko sthira kiyA hai| isI prakAra cakSurAdi indriyA~ unake viSaya, tamjanya vijJAna, mana, mAnasika dharma aura manovijJAna-ina sabako bhI anAtma siddha kiyA hai| ___ koI bha0 buddhase pUchatA ki jarA-maraNa kyA hai aura kise hotA hai, jAti kyA hai aura kise hotI hai, bhava kyA hai aura kise hotA hai ? to turanta hI ve uttara dete ki ye prazna ThIka nahIM / kyoMki praznakartA ina sabhI praznoMme aisA mAna letA hai ki jarA Adi anya haiM aura jisako ye jarA Adi hote haiM vaha anya hai| arthAt zarIra anya hai aura AtmA anya hai / kintu aisA mAnane para brahmacaryavAsa dharmAcaraNa saMgata nahIM / ataeva bhagavAn buddhakA kahanA hai ki praznakA AkAra aisA honA cAhiye-jarA kaise hotI hai ? jarA-maraNa kaise hotA hai ? jAti kaise hotI hai ? bhava kaise hotA hai ? taba bhagavAn buddha kA uttara hai ki ye saba pratItyasamutpanna haiN| madhyamamArgakA avalaMbana lekara bhagavAn buddha samajhAte haiM ki zarIra hI AtmA hai aisA mAnanA eka anta hai aura zarIrase bhinna AtmA hai aisA mAnatA dUsarA anta hai kintu meM ina donoM antoM ko chor3akara madhyamamArgase upadeza detA hai ki: 'avidyAke honese saMskAra, saMskArake honese vijJAna, vijJAnake honese nAmarUpa, nAmarUpake honese chaH Ayatana, chaH AyatanoMke honese sparza, sparzake honese vedanA, vedanAke honese tRSNA, tRSNAke honese upAdAna, upAdAnake honese bhaka, bhavake honese jAti-janma, janmake honese jarA-maraNa hai yaha pratItyasamutpAda hai|" 1. dIghanikAya mahAnidAnasUtta 15 / 2. pR0 7 TippaNa 3 dekho| 3. majjhimanikAya chakkakasutta 14 / 4. saMyuttanikAya XII. 35 2. aMguttaranikAya 3.

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. ( 1 ) Anandane eka prazna bhagavAna buddhase kiyA ki Apa bArabAra loka zUnya hai aisA kahate haiM isakA tAtparya kyA hai ? buddhane jo uttara diyA usIse bauddha darzana kI anAtma viSayaka maulika mAnyatA vyakta hotI hai: "yasmA ca kho Ananda subja atena vA attaniyena vA tasmA sujho loko ti vuccati / kiM ca Ananda sujhaM atena vA ataniyena vA; cakkhaM kho Ananda suAM atena vA attaniyena vA. . . . . rUpaM . . . . . rUpaviJaANaM . : . . ..." tyaadi|-sNyuttnikaay XXXX. 85 bhagavAn buddha ke anAtmavAdakA tAtparya kyA hai ? isa praznake uttarameM itanA spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai ki UparakI varcAse itanA to bhalIbhAMti dhyAnameM AtA hai ki bhagavAn buddhako sirpha zarIrAtmavAda hI amAnya itanA hI nahIM balki sarvAntaryAmI nitya, dhruva, zAzvata aisA AtmavAda bhI amAnya hai| unake matameM na to AtmA zarIrase atyanta bhinna hI hai aura na AtmA zarIrase abhinna hai / unako cArvAkasammata bhautikavAda bhI ekAnta pratIta hotA hai aura upaniSadoMkA kUTastha AtmavAda bhI ekAnta pratIta hotA hai| unakA mArga to madhyamamArga hai, pratItyasamutpAdavAda hai| - vahI aparivartiSNu AtmA mara kara punarjanma letI hai aura saMsaraNa karatI hai aisA mAnane para zAzvatavAda hotA hai aura yadi aisA mAnA jAya ki mAtApitAke saMyogase cAra mahAbhUtoMse AtmA utpanna hotI hai aura isIliye zarIrake naSTa hote hI AtmA bhI ucchinna-vinaSTa aura lupta hotI hai, to yaha ucchedavAda hai| tathAgata buddhane zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda donoM ko chor3akara madhyama mArgakA upadeza diyA hai / bhagavAn buddhake isa azAzvatAnucchedavAvakA spaSTIkaraNa nimna saMvAdase hotA hai 'kyA bhAvan gautama ! duHkha svayaMkRta hai ?' 'kAzyapa ! aisA nahIM hai| 'kyA duHkha parakRta hai ?' 'nhiiN|' 'kyA duHkha svakRta aura parakRta hai ?' 1. dIghanikAya, 1, brahmajAla suta / 2. saMyuktanikAya XII. 17.

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(10) 'kyA asvakRta aura aparakRta duHkha hai ?' 'nhiiN|' taba kyA hai ? Apa to sabhI praznoMkA uttara nakArameM dete haiM, aisA kyoM ? 'duHkha svakRta hai aisA kahane kA artha hotA hai ki jisane kiyA vahI bhoga karatA hai / kintu aisA kahane para zAzvatavAdakA avalaMbana hotA hai aura yadi aisA kahU~ ki duHkha parakRta hai to isakA matalaba yaha hogA ki kiyA dUsarene aura bhoga karatA hai koI any| aisI sthitimeM ucchedavAva A jAtA hai| ataeva tathAgata ucchedavAda aura zAzvatavAda ina donoM antoMko chor3akara madhyamamArgakA-pratItyasamutpAdakA-upadeza dete haiM ki 'avidyAse saMskAra hotA hai, saMskArase vijJAna . . . . . "sparzase duHkha. . . . . 'ityAdi" ___ saMyuttanikAya XII 17. XII 24 tAtparya yaha hai ki saMsArameM sukha-duHkha ityAdi avasthAeM haiM, karma hai, janma hai, maraNa hai, bandha hai, mukti hai-ye saba hote hue bhI inakA koI sthira AdhAra AtmA hai aisI bAta nahIM hai parantu ye avasthAeM pUrva pUrva kAraNase uttara-uttara kAlameM hotI haiM aura eka naye kAryako, eka naI avasthAko utpanna karake naSTa ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra saMsArakA cakra calatA rahatA hai| pUrvakA sarvathA uccheda bhI iSTa nahIM aura prauvya bhI iSTa nhiiN| uttara pUrvase sarvathA asaMbaddha ho, apUrva ho yaha bAta bhI nahIM kintu pUrvake astitvake kAraNa hI uttara hotA hai / pUrvakI sArI zakti uttara meM A jAtI hai| pUrvakA kula saMskAra uttarako mila jAtA hai| ataeva pUrva aba uttararUpameM astitvameM hai, uttara pUrvase sarvathA bhinna bhI nahIM, abhinna bhI nahIM, kintu avyAkRta, hai kyoMki bhinna kahane para ucchedavAda hotA hai aura abhinna kahane para zAzvatavAda hotA hai / bhagavAn buddhako ye donoM vAda mAnya na the ataeva aise praznoMkA unhoMne avyAkRta' kaha kara uttara diyA hai| ___ isa saMsAra-cakrako kATanekA upAya yahI hai ki pUrvakA nirodha karanA / kAraNake niruddha ho jAnese kArya utpanna nahIM hogA arthAt avidyAke niroSase .... tRSNAke nirodhase upAdAnakA nirodha, upAdAnake niroghase bhavakA niroSa, bhavake nirodhase janmakA nirodha, janmake niroSase maraNakA niroSa ho jAtA hai| 1. saMyuttanikAya XLIV. 1; XLIV 7; XLIV 8;

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( 11 ) kintu yahA~ eka prazna hotA hai ki maraNAnantara tathAgata buddhakA kyA hotA hai ? isa praznakA uttara bhI adhyAkRta hai vaha isaliye ki yadi yaha kahA jAya ki maraNottara tathAgata hotA hai to zAzvatavAdakA aura yadi kahA jAya ki nahIM hotA to ucchedavAdakA prasaMga AtA hai / ataeva ina donoM vAdoM kA niSedha karaneke liye bhagavAn buddhane tathAgatako maraNottara dazAmeM avyAkRta kahA hai| jaise gaMgAke bAlUkA nApa nahIM, jaise samudra ke pAnIkA nApa nahIM isIprakAra maraNottara tathAgata bhI gaMbhIra hai, aprameya hai ataeva avyAkRta hai / jisa rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA Adike kAraNa tathAgatakI prajJApanA hotI thI vaha rUpAdi to prahINa ho gaye / aba tathAgatakI prajJApanAkA koI sAdhana nahIM bacatA isaliye ve avyAkRta haiN| isa prakAra jaise upaniSadoMmeM AtmavAdako vA brahmavAdakI parakASThAke samaya AtmA yA brahmako 'neti-neti'ke dvArA avaktavya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, use sabhI vizeSaNoMse para batAyA gayA hai| ThIka usI prakAra tathAgata buddhane bhI AtmAke viSayameM upaniSadoMse bilkula ulaTA rAha lekara bhI use avyAkRta mAnA hai / jaise upaniSadoMmeM parama tattvako avaktavya mAnate hue bhI aneka prakArase AtmAkA varNana huA hai aura vaha vyAvahArika mAnA gayA hai aura usI prakAra bhagavAn buddhane bhI kahA hai ki lokasaMjJA, lokanirukti, lokavyavahAra, lokaprajJaptikA Azraya karake kahA jA sakatA hai ki "maiM pahale thA, 'nahIM thA' aisA nahIM; maiM bhaviSyameM hoU~gA, 'nahIM hoU~gA' aisA nahIM; mai aba hU~, 'nahIM hU~' aisA nhiiN|" tathAgata aisI bhASAkA vyavahAra karate haiM kintu isameM phaMsate nhiiN| (i) prAcIna jainatattvavicAra * itanI vaidika aura bauddha dArzanika pUrva bhUmikAke AdhAra para jaina darzanakI AgamavaNita bhUmikAke viSayameM vicAra kiyA jAya to ucita hI hogaa| jaina 1. saMyuttanikAya XLIV. 2. "adRSTamavyavahAryamagrAhyamalakSaNamacintyamavyapadezyamekAtmapratyayasAraM prapaJcopazamaM zAntaM ziva madvaitaM caturtha manyante sa AtmA sa vijJeyaH / " mANDu 6. 7 / "sa eSa neti neti ityAtmA'grAhyo na hi gRhyate / " . bRhadA0 4. 5. 15 ! ityAdi / rAnaDe, Op. Cit., P. 219. 3. dIghanikAya poTTapAda sutta 9 /

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( 12 ) AgamoMmeM jo tattva-vicAra hai vaha tatkAlIna dArzanika vicAra bhUmikAse sarvathA achUtA rahA hogA isa bAtakA asvIkAra karate hue bhI jaina a zrutike AdhAra para itanA to kahA jA sakatA hai ki janaAgamavarNita tattvavicArakA mUla bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayase bhI purAnA hai / jaina anuzrutike anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIrane kisI naye tattvadarzanakA pracAra nahIM kiyA hai kintu unase 250 varSa pahale honevAle tIrthaGkara pAzrvanAthake tattvavicAra kA hI pracAra kiyA hai| pArzvanAtha-sammata AcArameM to bhagavAna mahAvIrane kucha parivartana kiyA hai jisakI sAkSI svayaM Agama de rahe haiM kintu pArzvanAthake tattvajJAnase usakA koI matabheda jaina anuzrutimeM batAyA gayA nahIM hai / isase hama isa natIje para pahuMca sakate haiM ki jaina tattva-vicArake mUla tattva pArzvanAtha jitane to purAne avazya haiM / jaina anuzruti to isase bhI Age jAtI hai| usake anusAra apane se pahale hue kRSNa ke samakAlIna tIrthaGkara ariSTanemikI paramparA ko hI pArzvanAyane grahaNa kiyA thA aura svayaM ariSTanemine prAgaitihAsika kAlameM hone vAle naminAtha se| isa prakAra vaha anuzruti hameM RSabhadeva, jo ki bharata cakravartIke pitA the, taka pahu~cA detI hai / usake anusAra to vartamAna vevase lekara upaniSad paryanta saMpUrNa sAhityakA mUlasrota RSabhadeva-praNIta jainatattvavicArameM hI hai| isa jaina anuzrutike prAmANyako aitihAsika dRSTise siddha karanA saMbhava nahIM hai to bhI anuzrutipratipAdita jainavicAra kI prAcInatA meM saMdeha ko koI sthAna nahIM hai / jainatattvavicAra kI svatantratA isI se siddha hai ki jaba upaniSadoM meM anya darzanazAstra ke bIja milate haiM taba jainatattvavicArake bIja nahIM milte| itanA hI nahIM kintu bhagavAn mahAvIrapratipAdita AgamoMmeM jo karma vicAra kI vyavasthA hai, mArgaNA aura guNasthAna sambandhI jo vicAra hai, jIvoMkI gati aura Agati kA jo vicAra hai, lokakI vyavasthA aura racanAkA jo vicAra hai, jar3a paramANu pudgaloM kI vargaNA aura pudgalaskandha kA jo vyavasthita vicAra hai, SaDdravya aura navatattvakA jo vyavasthita nirUpaNa hai, usako dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainatattvavicAradhArA bhagavAn mahAvIrase pUrvakI kaI pIr3hiyoMke parizramakA phala hai aura isa dhArAkA upaniSada pratipAdita aneka matoMse pArthakya aura svAtaMtrya svayaMsiddha hai|

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( 13 ) [2] bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dena-anekAntavAda prAcIna tattva-vyavasthAmeM bhagavAna mahAvIrane kyA nayA arpaNa kiyA ise jAnane ke liye AgamoMse bar3hakara hamAre pAsa koI sAdhana nahIM hai| jIva aura ajIva ke bhedopabhedoMke viSayameM, mokSalakSI AdhyAtmika utkrAnti kramake sopAnarUpa guNasthAnake viSayameM, cAra prakArake dhyAnake viSayameM yA karmazAstrake sUkSma bhedopabhevoM ke viSayameM yA lokaracanAke viSaya, yA paramANuoMkI vibhinna vargaNAoMke viSaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIrane koI nayA mArga dikhAyA ho, yaha to AgamoMko dekhanese pratIta nahIM hotaa| kintu tatkAlIna dArzanika kSetramatattvake svarUpake viSaya meM jo naye-naye prazna uThate rahate the unakA jospaSTIkaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIrane tatkAlIna anya dArzanikoMke vicArake prakAza kiyA hai vahI unakI dArzanika kSetrameM dena samajhanA caahiye| jIvakA janma-maraNa hotA hai yaha bAta naI nahIM thI, paramANuke nAnAkArya bAhya jagatmeM hote haiM ora naSTa hote haiM yaha bhI svIkRta thA kintu jIva aura paramANukA kaisA svarUpa mAnA jAya jisase una bhinna-bhinna avasthAoMke ghaTita hote rahane para bhI jIva aura paramANukA una avasthAoMke sAtha sambandha banA rahe / yaha aura aise prazna tatkAlIna dArzanikoMke dvArA uThAye gaye the aura unhoMne apanA-apanA spaSTIkaraNa bhI kiyA thaa| ina naye praznoMkA bhagavAn mahAvIrane jo spaSTIkaraNa kiyA vahI unakI dArzanika kSetrameM naI dena hai| ataeva AgamoMke AdhAra para bhagavAn mahAvIra kI usa dena para vicAra kiyA mAya to bAdake jaina dArzanika vikAsako mUla bhitti kyA thI yaha saralatAse spaSTa ho skegaa| IsAke bAda hone vAle jainadArzanikoMne jaina tattvavicArako anekAntavAdake nAmase pratipAdita kiyA hai aura bhagavAn mahAvIrako usa vAdakA upadezaka batAyA hai| una AcAryoMkA ukta kathana kahA~ taka ThIka hai aura prAcIna AgamameM anekAntavAdake viSayameM kyA kahA gayA hai usakA digdarzana karAyA jAya to sahaja hI meM mAlUma ho jAyagA ki bhagavAn mahAvIrane samakAlIna rArzanikoMne apanI vicAra-pArA kisa ora bahAI aura bAdameM honevAle jaina bhAcAryone usa vicAra-dhArAko lekara usameM kramazaH kaisA vikAsa kiyA? (a) citravicitrapakSayukta puMskokilakA svapna- 2 bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna honeke pahale jina daza mahAsvapnoMkA darzana 1. laghIyastraya kA0 50 / 2. bhagavatI zataka 16. uddezaka 6

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huA thA unakA ullekha bhagavatI sUtrameM AyA hai / unameM tIsarA svapna isa prakAra hai:__"egaM ca gaM mahaM cittavicittapakkhagaM puMsakoilaga suviNe pAsittANa pddibuddhe|" arthAt-eka bar3e citra vicitra pA~khavAle puskokila ko svapnameM dekhakara ve pratibuddha hue| isa mahAsvapnakA phala batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki "jaNNaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre egaM mahaM cittavicittaM jAva paDibuddhe taNNaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre vicittaM sasamayaparasamaiyaM duvAlasaMgaM gaNipiDagaM Aghaveti panaveti parUveti. . . ." arthAt usa svapnakA phala yaha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra vicitra aise svapara siddhAntako batAne vAle dvAdazAMgakA upadeza deMge / prastutameM citravicitra zabda khAsa dhyAna dene lAyaka hai / bAdake jainadArzanikoMne jo citrajJAna aura citrapaTa ko lekara bauddha aura naiyAyika-vaizeSikake sAmane anekAntavAda ko siddha kiyA hai, vaha isa citravicitra zabda ko par3hate samaya yAda A jAtA hai| kintu prastutameM usakA sambandha na bhIho taba bhI puskokilake pAMkha ko citravicitra kahanekA aura AgamoM ko vicitra vizeSaNa denekA khAsa tAtparya to yaha mAluma hotA hai ki unakA upadeza anekaraMgI anekAntavAda mAnA gayA hai / citravicitra vizeSaNase sUtrakArane yaha dhvanita kiyA hai aisA nizcaya karanA to kaThina hai kintu yadi bhagavAna ke darzanakI vizeSatA aura prastuta citravicitra vizeSaNakA kucha mela biThAyA jAya taba yaha saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki vaha vizeSaNa sAbhiprAya hai aura usase sUtrakArane bhagavAnke upadezakI vizeSatA arthAt anekAntavAda ko dhvanita kiyA ho to koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| [3] vibhajyavAda sUtrakRtAMgameM bhikSu kaisI bhASAkA prayoga kare ? isa praznake prasaMgameM kahA gayA hai ki vibhajyavAdakA prayoga karanA cAhiye / vibhajyavAdakA matalaba ThIka samajhanemeM hame jaina TIkA-granthoM ke atirikta bauddha grantha bhI sahAyaka hote haiN| bauddha majmimanikAya ( sutta. 99 ) meM zubha mANavakake prazna ke uttara meM bha0 buddhane kahA ki-'he mANavaka ! maiM yahA~ vibhajyavAdI hU~, ekAMzavAdI nhiiN|" usakA prazna thA ki maiMne suna rakhA hai ki gRhastha hI ArAdhaka hotA hai, pravajita ArAdhaka 1. "vibhajjavAyaM ca viyAgarejjA" sUtrakRtAMga 1. 14. 22 /

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nahIM hotaa| isameM ApakI kyA rAya hai ? isa praznakA ekAMzI hA~ meM yA nahIM meM uttara na dekara bhagavAn buddhane kahA ki gRhastha bhI yadi mithyAtvI hai to nirvANamArgakA ArASaka nahIM aura tyAgI bhI yadi mithyAtvI hai to vaha bhI ArAdhaka nhiiN| kintu yadi ve donoM samyak pratipattisampanna ho tabhI ArAdhaka hote haiN| apane aise uttarake bala para ve apane Apako vibhajyavAdI batAte haiM aura kahate haiM ki maiM ekAMzavAdI nahIM huuN| yadi ve aisA kahate ki gRhastha ArAdhaka nahIM hotA, tyAgI ArAdhaka hotA hai yA aisA kahate ki tyAgI ArAdhaka hotA hai, gRhastha ArAdhaka nahIM hotA taba unakA vaha uttara ekAMzavAda ' hotaa| kintu prastutameM unhoMne tyAgI yA gRhastha kI ArAdhakatA aura anArAdhakatAmeM jo apekSA yA kAraNa thA use batAkara donoM ko ArAdhaka aura anArAdhaka batAyA hai / arthAt prazna kA uttara vibhAga karake . diyA hai ataeva ve apane Apako vibhajyavAdI kahate haiN| yahA~ para yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki bhagavAn buddha sarvadA sabhI praznoMke uttara meM vibhajyavAdI nahIM the| kintu jina praznoMkA uttara vibhajyavAdase hI saMbhava thA una kucha hI praznoMkA uttara dete samaya hI ve vibhajyavAdakA avalaMbana lete the| uparyukta bauddhasUtra se 1kAMzavAda aura vibhAjyavAda kA paraspara virodha spaSTa sUcita ho jAtA hai / jaina TIkAkAra vibhajyavAda kA artha syAdvAda arthAt anekAntavAda karate haiM / ekAntavAda aura anekAntavAdakA bhI paraspara virodha spaSTa hI hai / aisI sthitimeM sUtrakRtAMgagata vibhajyavAdakA artha anekAntavAda, nayavAda yA apekSAvAda yA pRthakkaraNa karake, vibhAjana karake kisI tattvake vivecanakA vAda bhI liyA jAya to ThIka hI hogaa| apekSAbhedase syAtzabdAMkita prayoga Agama meM dekhe jAte haiM / ekAdhika bhaMgoMkA syAvAda bhI AgamameM milatA hai| ataeva AgamakAlIna anekAntavAda yA vibhajyavAda ko syAdvAda bhI kahA jAya to anucita nhiiN| . bhagavAn buddhakA vibhajyavAda kucha maryAdita kSetra meM thA aura bhagavAn mahAvIrake vibhajyavAdakA kSetra vyApaka thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadarzana Age jAkara anekAntavAdameM pariNata ho gayA aura bauddha darzana kisI aMzameM vibhajyavAda hote hue bhI ekAntavAda kI ora agrasara huaa| 1. dekho -dIghanikAya-33 saMgIti pariyAya 2. usI suttameM cAra prazna vyAkaraNa

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bhagavAn buddhake vibhAjyavAdakI taraha bhagavAn mahAvIrakA vibhajyavAda bhI bhagavatIgata praznottaroM se spaSTa hotA hai / gaNadhara gautama Adi aura bhagavAn mahAvIrake praznottara nIce diye jAte haiM jinase bhagavAn mahAvIrake vibhajyavAda kI tulanA bha0 buddhake vibhajyavAdase karanI sarala ho sake : gautama-koI yadi aisA kahe ki-'maiM sarva prANa,sarvabhata, sarvajIva, sarvasasvakI hiMsAkA pratyAkhyAna karatA hU~ to kyA usakA vaha pratyAkhyAna supratyAkhyAna hai yA duSpratyAkhyAna ? bha0 mahAvIra-syAt supratyAkhyAna hai aura syAt duSpratyAsthAna hai| go0-bhante! isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? .. .. bha0-jisako yaha bhAna nahIM ki ye jIva haiM aura ye ajIva, ye trasa haiM aura ye sthAvara; usakA vaisA pratyAkhyAna duSpratyAkhyAna hai / vaha mRSAvAdI hai| kintu bo yaha jAnatA hai ki ye jIva haiM aura ye ajIva, ye sa haiM aura ye sthAvara usakA vaisA pratyAkhyAna supratyAlyAna hai / vaha satyavAdI hai| -bhagavatI za0 7, u0 2, sU0 270 jayaMtI-bhate! sonA acchA hai yA jAganA ? bha0 mahAvIra-jayantI! kitaneka jIvoMkA sonA acchA hai aura kitaneka bIvoMkA jAganA acchA hai| ja0-isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? bha0 mahAvIra-jo jIva adharmI hai, adharmAnuga haiM, amiSTha haiM, adharmAkhyAyI haiM, adharmapralokI haiM, adharmapraraJjana haiM, adharmasamAcAra hai adhArmikavRttivAle haiM, ve sote raheM yahI acchA hai / kyoMki jaba ve sote hoMge taba aneka jIvoM ko pIr3A nahIM deNge| aura isaprakAra sva, para aura ubhaya ko adhArmika kriyAmeM nahIM lagAveMge ataeva unakA sonA acchA hai| kintu jo jIva dhArmika haiM, dhArmikavRtti vAle haiM unakA to jaganA hI acchA hai| kyoMki ye aneka jIvoMko sukha dete haiM aura sva, para aura ubhayako ve dhArmika anuSThAnameM lagAte haiM ataeva unakA jAganA hI acchA hai| ! jayantI0-bhante! balavAn honA acchA hai yA durbala ?

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bha0 mahAvIra-jo jIva adhArmika yAvat, adhArmika vRttivAle haiM unakA durbala honA acchA hai| kyoMki ve balavAn hoM to aneka jIvoM ko duHkha deNge| kintu jo jIva dhArmika haiM yAvat dhAmikavRtti vAle haiM unakA sabala honA hI acchA hai kyoMki unake sabala honese ve adhika jIvoMko sukha phuNcaayeNge| isI prakAra alasatva aura dakSatvake praznakA bhI vibhAga karake bhagavAnane uttara diyA hai| -bhagavatI za0 12, u. 2. sU0 443 / gautama-bhante ! jIva sakampa hai yA niSkampa ? ' bha0 mahAvIra-gautama ! jIva sakampa bhI haiM aura niSkampa bhii| gautama-isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? bha0 mahAvIra-jIva do prakArake haiM-saMsArI aura mukta / mukta jIvake do prakAra hai-anantara siddha aura parampara-siddha / paraMpara-siddha to niSkampa hai aura ananta ra siha sakampa / saMsArI jIvoMke bhI do prakAra hai-zailezI aura ashaileshii| zailezI jIva niSkampa hote haiM aura azailezI sakampa hote haiM / -bhagavatI za0 25, 3c : gau0-jIba savIrya hai yA avayaM ? bha0 mahAvIra-jIva savIrya ko haiM aura avIrya bhii| gau0-isakA kyA kAraNa ? bha0 mahAvIra-jIva do prakAra ke haiM-saMsArI aura mukta / mukta to avArya hai| saMsArI jIvake do bheda hai-zailezI-tipanna aura azailezI-pratipanna / zailezI-pratipanna jIva lavidhavIrya kI apekSAse savIrya haiM kintu karaNavIrya kI apekSAse avIra hai aura azailezI-pratipanna jIva labmivIrya kI apekSAse savIrya haiM kintu karaNavIrya kI apekSAse savIrya bhI haiM aura vIrya bhii| jo jIva parAkrama karate haiM ye karaNavIrya kI apekSAse savIrya haiM aura jo aparAkramI haiM ve karaNavIryakI apekSA se avIrya haiN| - bhagavatI za0 1, u0 8, sU0 72 1. mUla meM seya-nireya ( seja nireja ) hai / tulanA karo-"tadejati tannai jati IzAvAsyopaniSad 5 /

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( 18 ) . . bhagavAn buddha ke vibhajyavAva kI tulanA meM aura bhI kaI udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiM kintu itane paryApta hai| isa vibhajyavAda kA mUlAdhAra vibhAga karake uttara denA hai jo Upara ke udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai / asala bAta yaha hai ki do virodhI bAtoM kA svIkAra eka sAmAnya meM karake usI eka ko vibhakta karake donoM vibhAgoM meM do virodhI dharmoM ko saMgata batAnA itanA artha isa vibhajyavAda kA phalita hotA hai| kintu yahA~ eka bAta kI ora vizeSa dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai| bha0 buddha jaba kisIkA vibhAga karake virodhI dharmoM ko ghaTAte haiM aura bhagavAn mahAvIrane jo ukta udAharaNoM meM virodhI dharmoM ko khaTAyA hai usase spaSTa hai ki vastutaH do virodhI dharma eka kAlameM kisI eka vyakti ke nahIM balki bhinna bhinna vyaktioM ke haiM yA bhinnakAlameM eka vyaktike haiN| vibhajyavAda kA mUla artha yaha ho sakatA hai jo donoM mahApuruSoM ke vacanoM meM eka rUpase AyA hai| - kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa vibhajyavAdakA kSetra vyApaka banAyA hai| unheMAne virodhI dharmoM ko arthAt aneka antoM ko eka hI kAla meM aura eka hI vyakti meM apekSAbheda se ghaTAyA hai| isI kAraNa se vibhajyavAda kA artha anekAntavAva yA syAdvAra huA aura isI liye bhagavAn mahAvIra kA darzana Age calakara anekAntavAda ke nAmase pratiSThita huaa| tiryaka sAmAnya kI apekSA se jo vizeSa vyaktiyA~ haiN| unhIM vyaktioM meM virodhI dharmoM kA svIkAra karanA yahI vibhajyavAda kA mUlAdhAra hai jaba ki tirSaga aura UrvatA donoM prakArake sAmAnyoM ke paryAyoM meM virodhI dharmoM kA svIkAra karanA yaha anekAntavAda kA mUlAdhAra hai / anekAntavAda vibhajyavAdakA vikasita rUpa hai ataeva. vaha vibhajyavAda to hai hI para vibhajyavAda hI anekAntavAda hai aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ataeva jaina dArzanikoM ne apane bAda ko jo anekAntavAdake nAma se hI vizeSarUpa se prakhyApita kiyA hai vaha sarvathA ucita hI huA hai| [4] anekAntavAda agavAn mahAvIra ne jo anekAntavAda kI prarUpaNA kI hai usake mUla meM tatkAlIna dArzanikoM meM se bhagavAn buddha ke niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa kA mahattvapUrNa

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sthAna hai| syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM kI racanA meM saMjaya belaTThIputta ke vikSepavAda' se bhI madada lI gaI ho yaha saMbhava hai| kintu bhagavAn buddha ne tatkAlIna nAnA vAdoM se alipta rahane ke liye jo rUkha aMgIkAra kiyA thA usI meM anekAntavAdakA bIja hai aisA pratIta hotA hai / jIva aura jagat tathA Izvara ke nityatva-anityatva ke viSaya meM jo prazna hote the unako unhoM ne avyAkRta batA diyaa| isI prakAra jIva aura zarIra ke viSaya meM bhedAbheva ke prazna ko bhI unhoMne avyAkRta kahA hai jaba ki bha0 mahAvIra ne unhIM praznoM kA vyAkaraNa apanI vRSTi se kiyA hai| arthAt unhIM praznoM ko anekAntavAda ke Azraya se sulajhAyA hai| una praznoM ke spaSTIkaraNa meM se jo dRSTi siddha huI usI kA sArvatrika vistAra karake anekAntavAda ko sarvavastuvyApI unhoM ne banA diyA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki bha0 buddha do virodhI vAdoM ko dekhakara unase bacane ke liye apanA tIsarA mArga unake asvIkAra meM hI sImita karate haiM taba bha0 mahAvIra una donoM virodhI vAdoM kA samanvaya karake unake svIkAra meM hI apane naye mArga-anekAntavAda kI pratiSThA karate haiM / ataeva anekAntavAda kI carcA kA prAraMbha buddha ke avyAkRta praznoM se kiyA jAya to ucita hI hogaa| avyAkRta prazna bhagavAn buddha ne nimnalikhita praznoM ko avyAkRta kahA hai| (1) loka zAzvata hai ? (2) loka azAzvata hai ? (3) loka annavAn hai ? (4) loka ananta hai ? . (5) jIva aura zarIra eka haiM ? - (6) jIva aura zarIra bhinna haiM ? (7) marane ke bAda tathAgata hote haiM ? (8) marane ke bAda tathAgata nahIM hote ? (9) marane ke bAda tathAgata hote bhI haiM, nahIM bhI hote ? (10) marane ke bAda tathAgata na hote haiM, na nahIM hote haiM ? ina praznoM kA saMkSepa tIna hI praznoM meM hai-loka kI nityatA, anityatA aura 1. dIghanikAya-sAmaJaphalasutta 2. majjhimanikAya cUlamAlukya sutta 6 /

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( 20 ) santitA-nirantatA kA prazna, jIva-zarIra ke bhedAbheda kA prazna aura tathAgata kI maraNottara sthiti-asthiti arthAt jIva kI nityatA-anityatA kA prazna* / ye hI prazna bhagavAn buddha ke jamAne ke mahAn prazna the / aura inhIMke viSaya meM bha0 baddha ne eka taraha se apanA mata dete huye bhI vastutaH vidhAyaka rUpa se kucha nahIM khaa| yadi ve loka yA 'jIva ko nitya kahate to unako upaniSanmAnya zAzvatavAda ko svIkAra karanA par3atA aura yadi ve anitya pakSa ko svIkAra karate taba cArvAka-jaise bhautikavAdisammata ucchedavAda ko svIkAra karanA pdd'taa| itanA to spaSTa hai ki unako zAzvatavAda meM bhI doSa pratIta huA thA aura ucchedavAda ko bhI ve acchA 'nahIM samajhate the| itanA hote hue bhI apane naye vAda ko kucha nAma denA unhoMne pasaMda nahIM kiyA aura itanA hI kaha kara raha gaye ki ye donoM vAda ThIka nhiiN| ataeva aise praznoM ko avyAkRta, sthApita, pratikSipta batA diyA aura kaha diyA ki loka zAzvata ho yA azAzvata, janma hai hI, maraNa hai hii| maiM to inhIM janmamaraNa ke vighAta ko batAtA huuN| yahI merA vyAkRta hai| aura isI se tumhArA bhalA hone vAlA hai| zeSa lokAdi kI zAzvatatA Adi ke prazna avyAkRta haiM, una praznoM kA maiMne kucha uttara nahIM diyA aisA hI samajo' / itanI carcA se spaSTa hai ki bha0 buddha ne apane mantavya ko vidhirUpa se na rakha kara azAzvatAnucchedavAda kA hI svIkAra kiyA hai / arthAt upaniSanmAnya neti neti kI taraha vastusvarUpa kA niSedhAraka vyAkhyAna karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / aisA karane kA kAraNa spaSTa yahI hai ki tatkAla meM pracalita vAdoM ke doSoM kI ora unakI dRSTi gaIaura isIliye unameM se kisI vAda kA anuyAyI honA unhoMne pasaMda nahIM kiyaa| isa prakAra unheMone eka prakAra se anekAntavAda kA rAstAsAfa kiyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tattadvAdoM ke doSa aura guNa donoM kI ora dRSTi dii| pratyeka vAda kA guNadarzana usa usa vAda ke sthApaka ne prathama se karAyA hI thaa| una virodhI vAdoM meM doSadarzana bha0 buddha ne kiyA taba bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAmane una vAdoM ke guNa aura doSa donoM A gye| donoM para samAna bhAva se dRSTi dene para anekAntavAda svataH phalita ho jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tatkAlIna vAdoM ke guNadoSoM kI parIkSA karake jitanI jisa vAda meM saccAI thI use utanI hI mAtrA * isa prazna ko Izvara ke svatantra astitva yA nAstitvakA prazna bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| 1. majjhimanikAya cUlamAlukya sutta 6 /

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meM svIkAra karake sabhI vAdoM kA samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyaa| yahI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda yA vikasita vibhajyavAda hai / bhagavAn buddha jina praznoM kA uttara vidhirUpa se denA nahIM cAhate the una sabhIpraznoM kA uttara dene meM anekAntavAda kA Azraya karake bhagavAn mahAvIra samartha hue| unhoMne pratyeka vAda ke pIche rahI huI dRSTiko samajhAne kA prayatna kiyaa| pratyeka vAda kI maryAdA kyA hai, amuka vAda kA utthAna hone meM mUlataH kyA apekSA honI cAhie isa bAta kI khoja kI aura nayavAda ke rUpa meM usa khoja ko dArzanikoM ke sAmane rkhaa| yahI nayavAda anekAntavAda kA mUlAdhAra bana gyaa| aba mUla jainAgamoM ke AdhAra para hI bhagavAn ke anekAntavAda kA digdarzana karAnA upayukta hogaa| pahale unhIM praznoM ko liyA jAtA hai jinako ki bha0 buddha ne avyAkRta batAyA hai| aisA karane se yaha spaSTa hogA ki jahA~ buddha kisI eka vAda meM par3a jAne ke bhaya se niSedhAtmaka uttara dete haiM vahA~ bha0 mahAvIra anekAntavAda kA Azraya karake kisa prakAra vidhirUpa uttara de kara apanA apUrva mArga prasthApita karate haiM loka kI nityAnityatA-sAntAnantatA . uparyukta bauddha avyAkRta praznoM meM prathama cAra loka kI nityAnityatA aura sAntAnantatA ke viSaya meM hai| una praznoM ke viSaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jo spaSTIkaraNa hai vaha bhagavatI meM skandaka' parivrAjaka ke adhikAra meM upalabdha hai| usa adhikAra se aura anya adhikAroM se yaha suvidita hai ki bhagavAn ne apane anuyAyiyoM ko loka ke sambandha meM honevAle una praznoM ke viSaya meM apanA spaSTa mantavya batA diyA thA jo apUrva thaa| ataeva unake anuyAyI anya tithikoM se isI viSaya meM prazna karake unheM cUpa kiyA karate the / isa viSaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zabda ye haiM : 'antavaM niie loe ii dhIrotti paasii"| 2 'evaM khalu mae khaMdayA ? cauvihe loe pannatte taMjahAdavvao, khettao, kAlao, bhaavo| davvao gaM ege loe saaMte 1 / 1. zataka 2. uddezaka 1 2. zataka 9. uddezaka 6 / sUtrakRtAMga 1. 4.6

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( 22 ) .: kheto meM loe asaMkhejjAo joyaNakoDAkoDImo AyAmavisvabhenaM - asaMkhenjAo joyanakoDAkoDIo parikkheveNaM pannatA, asthi puNa sAMte 2 // kAlao gaM loe ya kayAvi na AsI na kayAvi na bhavati, na kayAvi na bhavissati, bhavisu ya bhavati ya bhavissaha ya dhuve Nitie sAsate akkhae mancae avaTTie Nicce, Nasthi puNa se ante 3 / bhAvao NaM loe aNaMtA vaNNapajjavA gaMdha0 rasa0 phAsapajjavA aNaMtA saMThANa pajjavA aNaMtA garayalahuyapajjavA aNaMtA agalyalahuya pajjavA, nasthi puNa se ante 4 / se taM khaMdagA ! davvao loe sote khetao loe sote. kAlato loe maNante bhAvao loe aNate / ' -bhaga0 2. 1. 90 isakA sAra yaha hai ki loka dravya kI apekSA se sAnta hai kyoMki vaha saMkhyA se eka hai| kintu bhAva arthAt paryAyoM kI apekSA se loka ananta hai kyoMki loka-dravya ke paryAya ananta hai|' kAla kI dRSTi se loka ananta hai arthAt zAzvata hai kyoMki aisA koI kAla nahIM jisameM loka kA astitva na ho| kintu kSetra kI dRSTi se loka sAnta hai kyoMki sakala kSetra meM se kucha hI meM loka' hai anyatra nahIM / isa uddharaNa meM mukhyataH sAnta aura ananta zabdoM ko lekara anekAntavAda ko sthApanA kI gaI hai| bhagavAn buddhane loka ko sAntatA aura anantatA. honoM ko avyAkRta koTi meM rakhA hai / taba bhagavAna mahAvIra ne loka ko sAnta aura ananta apekSAbheda se batAyA hai / . aba loka kI zAzvatatA-azAzvatatA ke viSaya meM jahA~ bha0 buddha ne abhyAkRta kahA vahA~ bha. mahAvIra kA anekAntavAdI mantavya kyA hai use unhIM ke zabdoM meM suniye:___ "sAsae loe jamAlI ! janna kayAvi NAsI jo kayAviNa bhavati Na kayAki na bhavissai, bhuvi ca bhavaI ya bhavissai ya dhuve Nitie sAsae akkhae avvae avaTTie nnicce| 1. loka kA matalaba hai pnycaastikaay| paJcAstikAya saMpUrNa AkAza kSetra meM nahIM kintu jaisA Upara batAyA gayA hai asaMkhyAta koTA-koTI yojana kI paridhi meM hai|

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( 23 ) asAsae loe jamAlI ! jao osappiNI bhavittA ussappiNI bhavai ussappiNI bhavittA ossappiNI bhvi| -bhaga0 9. 38. 7. jamAlI apane Apa ko arhat samajatA thA kintu jaba loka kI zAzvatatA azAzvatatA ke viSaya meM gautama gaNadhara ne usase prazna pUchA taba vaha uttara na.de sakA tisa para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne uparyukta samAdhAna yaha kaha kara kiyA ki yaha to eka sAmAnya prazna hai / isakA uttara to mere chamastha ziSya bhI de sakate haiN| jamAlI ! loka zAzvata hai aura azAzvata bhii| trikAla meM aisA eka bhI samaya nahIM jaba loka kisI na kisI rUpa meM na ho ataeva vaha zAzvata hai / kintu vaha azAzvata bhI hai kyoMki loka hamezA eka rUpa to rahatA nahIM / usa meM avasarpiNI aura utsapiNI ke kAraNa avanati aura unnati bhI dekhI jAtI hai| eka rUpa meM-sarvathA zAzvata meM-parivartana nahIM hotA ataeva useazAzvata bhI mAnanA cAhie / loka kyA hai ? . prastutame lokase bha0 mahAvIrakA kyA abhiprAya hai yaha bhI jAnanA jarUrI hai usake liye nIceke praznottara paryApta haiM "kimiyaM bhaMte ! loe ti pavuccai ?" goyamA ! paMcatthikAyA, esa NaM evatie loe tti yavuccai, taM jahA-dhammatyikAe adhammatyikAe jAva (AgAsasthikAe jIvatthikAe) poggala sthikaae| -bhaga0 13. 4. 481 arthAt-pAMca astikAya hI loka hai| pAMca astikAya ye haiM-dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya aura pudgalAstikAya / jIva-zarIra kA bhedAbheda jIva aura zarIrakA bheva hai yA abheda ? isa praznako bhI bha0 buddhane avyAkRta. koTimeM rakhA hai / isa viSayameM bhagavAn mahAvIrake mantavyako nimna saMvAdase jAnA jA sakatA hai: "AyA bhante ! kAye anne kAya ?"

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( 24 ) "goyamA AyA vi kAye anne vi kaaye|" " "ruvi bhante ! kAye arUvi kAye ?" "goSamA ! ravi pi kAye avi pi kaaye|" evaM ekkerake pucchaa| "goyamA! saccitte vi kArya accitte vi kaaye|" -bhaga0 13. 7. 495 - uparyukta saMvAdase spaSTa hai ki bha0 mahAvIrane gautamake praznake uttarameM AtmAko zarIrase abhinna bhI kahA hai aura usase bhinna bhI kahA hai / aisA kahane para aura do prazna upasthita hote haiM ki yadi zarIra AtmAse abhinna hai to AtmAkI taraha vaha arUpI bhI honA cAhie aura sacetana bhii| ina praznoMkA uttara bhI spaSTarUpase diyA gayA hai ki kAya arthAt zarIra rUpI bhI hai aura arUpI bhii| zarIra sacetana bhI hai aura acetana bhii| ___jaba zarIrako AtmAse pRthaka mAnA jAtA hai taba vaha rUpI aura acetana hai| aura jaba zarIrako AtmAse abhinna mAnA jAtA hai taba zarIra arUpI aura . sacetana hai| bhagavAn buddhake mAse yadi zarIrako AtmAse bhinna mAnA jAya taba brahmacaryavAsa saMbhava nahIM / aura yadi abhinna mAnA jAya taba bhI brahmacaryavAsa saMbhava nhiiN| ataeva ina donoM antoMko chor3akara bhagavAna buddhane madhyama mArgakA upadeza diyA aura zarorake bhedAbhedake praznako avyAkRta btaayaa| "taM jIvaM taM sarIraM ti bhikkha ! diTThiyA sati brahmacariyavAso na hoti / aJja jIvaM azaM sarIraM ti vA bhikakhu ! diTThiyA sati brahmacariyavAso na hoti / ete te bhikkhu ! ubho ante anupagamma majjhana tathAgato dhamma deseti / " ___ -saMyutta0 XII 35 kintu bhagavAn mahAvIrane isa viSayameM madhyamamArga-anekAntavAdakA Azraya lekara uparyukta donoM virodhI vAdoMkA samanvaya kiyaa| yadi AtmA zarIrase atyanta bhinna mAnA jAya taba kAyakRta karmokA phala nahIM milanA caahie| atyanta bheda mAnane para isa prakAra akRtAgama doSakI Apatti hai| aura yadi atyanta abhinna mAnA jAya taba zarIrakA dAha ho jAnepara AtmA bhI naSTa hogI jisase paraloka saMbhava nahIM rhegaa| isaprakAra kRtapraNAza doSakI Apatti hogii| ataeva inhIM doSoMko dekhakara bhagavAn buddhane kaha diyA ki bhedapakSa aura abhedapakSa-ye donoM ThIka nahIM haiN| jaba ki bhagavAn mahAvIrane donoM

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( 25 ) virodhI vAdoMkA samanvaya kiyA aura bheda aura abheda donoM pakSoMkA svIkAra kiyA / ekAnta bheda aura abheda mAnane para jo doSa hote haiM ve ubhayavAda mAnane para nahIM hote / jIva aura zarIrakA bheda isalie mAnanA cAhiye ki zarIrakA nAza ho jAne para bhI AtmA dUsare janmameM maujUda rahatI hai yA siddhAvasthAmeM azarIrI AtmA bhI hotI hai| abheda isaliye mAnanA cAhiye ki saMsArAvasthAmeM zarIra aura AtmAkA kSIra-nIravat yA agnilohapiNDavat tAdAtmya hotA hai isIliye kAyase kisI vastukA sparza hone para AtmAmeM saMvedana hotA hai aura kAyika karmakA vipAka AtmAmeM hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM jIvake pariNAma daza ginAye haiM yathA-gati pariNAma, indriya pariNAma, kaSAya pariNAma, lezyA pariNAma, yoga pariNAma, upayoga pariNAma, jJAna pariNAma, darzanapariNAma, cAritrapariNAma, aura vedprinnaam|-bhg014.4.514 jIva aura kAyakA yadi abheda na mAnA jAya to ina pariNAmoMko jIvake pariNAmarUpase nahIM ginAyA jA sktaa| isI prakAra bhagavatI meM ( 12. 5. 451) jo jIvake pariNAmarUpase varNa, gandha , sparza kA nirdeza hai vaha bhI jIva aura zarIra ke abhedako mAna kara hI, ghaTAyA jA sakatA hai / anyatra gautamake prazna meM nizcayapUrvaka bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki___ goyamA ! ahameyaM jANAmi ahameyaM pAsAmi ahameyaM bujjhAmi . . . . . . jaM NaM tahAgayassa jovassa sarUvissa sakammassa sarAgassa savedagassa samohassa salesassa sasarI ra sa tAo sarIrAo avippamukkassa evaM pannayati taMjahAkAlate vA jAva suvikalate vA, subhigaMdhatte vA dubbhigaMdhatte vA, titte vA jAva mahuratte vA, kakkhaDate vA jAva lukkhatte vA . . . . . . . . "-bhaga0 17. 2. __ anyatra jIvake kRSNavarNa paryAya kA bhI nirdeza hai|-bhg0 25. 4. / ye sabhI nirdeza jIva zarIra ke abhedakI mAnyatA para nirbhara hai| isI prakAra AcArAMga meM AtmA ke viSayameM jo aise zabdoM kA prayoga hai:___ "samve sarA niyaTTanti takkA jattha na vijjati, maI tattha na gAhiyA / oe appaiTThANassa kheyanne / se na dohe na hasse na vaTTe na tase na cauraMse na parimaMDale na kiNhe na nIle na ittho na purise na annahA parinne sanne uvamA na vijjae arUvI sattA apayassa payaM nasthi / "- AcA0 sUtra 170

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.vaha bhI saMgata nahIM ho sakatA yadi AtmA zarIra se bhinna mAnA na jAya / zarIrabhinna AtmA ko lakSya karake spaSTa rUpa se bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki usa meM varNa,gandha, rasa-sparza nahIM hote| - "goyamA ! ahaM evaM jANAmi jAva jaNaM tahAgayassa jIvassa arUvissa akammassa arAgasa avedassa amohassa alesassa asarIrassa tAo sarIrAo vippamukkassa no evaM pannayati-taMjahA kAlatte vA jAva lukkhatte vaa|" ___ -bhagavatI 17.2 cArvAka zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnatA thA aura aupaniSada RSigaNa AtmA ko zarIra se atyanta bhinna mAnate the| bha0 buddha ko ina donoM matoM meM doSa to najara AyA kintu ve vidhirUpase samanvaya na kara sake / jaba ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ina donoM matoM kA samanvaya uparyukta prakArase bheda aura abheda donoM pakSoM kA svIkAra karake kiyaa| jIvakI nityAnityatA mRtyu ke bAda tathAgata hote haiM ki nahIM ? isa praznako bha0 buddhane avyAkRta koTimeM rakhA hai kyoM ki aisA prazna aura usakA uttara sArthaka nahIM, Adi-brahmacaryake liye nahIM, nirveda, nirodha, abhijJA, saMbodha aura nirvANake liye bhI nhiiN|' AtmAke viSayameM cintana karanA yaha bha0 buddhake matase ayogya hai / jina praznoMko bha0 buddhane 'ayoniso manasikAra-vicArakA ayogya DhaMga-kahA hai ke ye haiM-"maiM bhUtakAlameM thA ki nahIM thA ? maiM bhUtakAlameM kyA thA? maiM bhUtakAlameM kaisA thA ? maiM bhUtakAlameM kyA hokara phira kyA huA ? meM bhaviSyat kAlameM hoU~gA ki nahIM ? maiM bhaviSyat kAlameM kyA hoUMgA ? maiM bhaviSyat kAlameM kaise hoU~gA ? mai bhaviSyat kAlameM kyA hokara kyA hoU~gA? maiM hUM ki nahIM ? maiM kyA hai ? maiM kaise hU~ ? yaha sattva kahA~se AyA? yaha kahA~ jAyagA?" bhagavAn buddhakA kahanA hai ki ayoniso manasikArase naye. Asrava utpanna hote haiM aura utpanna Asrava vRddhiMgata hote haiN| ataeva ina praznoMke vicArameM laganA sAdhakake lie anucita hai|' 1. saMyuktanikAya XVI, 12. 1 ;XXII 86 - majjhimanikAya cUlamAlukyasutta 63 / 2. majjhimanikAya-savvAsava sutta 2.

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( 27 ) ina praznoMke vicArakA phala batAte hue bha0 buddhane kahA hai ki ayoniso mAnasikArake kAraNa ina cha: dRSTimase koI eka dRSTi utpanna hotI hai usameM phaMsakara ajJAnI pRthagjana jarA-maraNAdise mukta nahIM hotA / (1) merI AtmA hai| (2) merI AtmA nahIM hai / (3) maiM AtmAko AtmA samajhatA huuN| (4) maiM anAtmAko AtmA samajhatA huuN| (5) yaha jo merI AtmA hai vaha puNya aura pApa karmake vipAkakI bhoktrI hai| (6) yaha merI AtmA nitya hai, dhruva hai, zAzvata hai, avipariNAmadharmA hai, jaisI hai vaisI sadaiva rhegii|' __ ataeva unakA upadeza hai ki ina praznoMko chor3akara duHkha, duHkhasamudaya, duHkhaniroSa aura duHkhanirodhakA mArga ina cAra AryasatyoMke viSayameM hI manako lagAnA cAhie usIse Asravanirodha hokara nirvANalAbha ho sakatA hai| bha0 buddhake ina upadezoMke viparIta hI bhagavAna mahAvIrakA upadeza hai / isa bAtakI pratIti prathama aMga AcArAMgake prathama vAkyase hI ho jAtI hai| ___ " ihamesi no sannA bhavai taMjahA-purasthimAo vA disAo Agao ahamaMsi, dAhiNAo vA. * * * * * annayarIo vA disAo vA aNudisAo vA Agao ahamaMsi / evamesi no nAyaM bhavai-asthi me AyA uvavAie natthi me AyA uvavAie ? ke ahaM AsI, ke vA io cuo iha peccA bhavissAmi ? 'se jaM puNa jANejjA sahasammuiyAe paravAgaraNeNaM annesi vA antie soccA taMjahA purasthimAo . . . . . . 'evamesi nAyaM bhavai-atthi me AyA uvavAie, jo imAo disAo aNudisAo vA aNusaMcarai savvAo disAo aNuvisAo sohaM se AyAvAI, logAvAI, kammAvAI, kiriyaavaaii|" bhagavAn mahAvIrake matase jabataka apanI yA dUsarekI buddhise yaha patA na laga jAya ki maiM yA merA jIva eka gatise dUsarI gatiko prApta hotA hai, jIva kahA~se AyA, kauna thA aura kahA~ jAyagA ? taba taka koI jIva AtmavAdI nahIM ho sakatA, lokavAdI nahIM ho sakatA, karma aura kriyAvAdI nahIM ho sktaa| ataeva AtmAke viSayameM vicAra karanA yahI saMvarakA aura mokSakA bhI kAraNa 1. majjhimanikAya savvAsavasutta 2

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( 28 ) hai| jIvakI gati aura Agatike jJAnase mokSalAbha hotA hai isa bAtako bha0 mahAvIrane spaSTa rUpase kahA hai: ''iha AgaI gaI parimnAya accei jAimaraNassa vaDamaga vikkhAya-rae" -AcA0 1. 5. 6. yadi tathAgatakI maraNottara sthiti-asthitike praznako Izvara jaise kisI atimAnavake pRthak astitva aura nAstitvakA prazna samajhA jAya taba bhagavAn mahAvIrakA isa viSayameM mantavya kyA hai yaha bhI jAnanA Avazyaka hai| jainadharmameM vaidika darzanoMkI taraha zAzvata sarvajJa IzvarakA-jo ki saMsArI kabhI nahIM hotA, koI sthAna nahIM / bha0 mahAvIrake anasAra sAmAnya jIva hI karmoM kA nAza karake zuddha svarUpako prApta hotA hai jo siddha kahalAtA hai / aura ekabAra zuddha honeke bAda vaha phira kabhI azuddha nahIM hotaa| yadi bha0 buddha, tathAgatakI maraNottara sthitikA svIkAra karate taba brahmavAda yA zAztavAdako ApattikA unheM bhaya thA aura yadi ve aisA kahate ki tathAgata maraNake bAda nahIM rahatA taba bhautikavAdioMke ucchedavAdakA prasaMga AtA / ataeva isa praznako bha0 buddhane avyAkRta koTi meM rakhA / parantu bha0 mahAbIrane anekAntavAdakA Azraya karake uttara diyA hai ki tathAgata yA arhat maraNottara bhI haiM kyoM ki jIva dravya to 'naSTa hotA nahIM / vaha siddha-svarUpa banatA hai| kintu manuSyarUpa jo karmakRta hai vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai| ataeva siddhAvasthAmeM arhat yA tathAgata apane pUrvarUpameM nahIM bhI hote haiN| nAnA jIvoMmeM AkAra-prakArakA jo karmakRta bheda saMsArAvasthAmeM hotA hai vaha siddhAvasthA nahIM kyoMki vahA~ karma bhI nhiiN| . "kammao NaM bhaMte jIve no aMkammo vibhatibhAvaM pariNamai, kammao gaM jae No akammao vibhattibhAvaM pariNamai ?" ___ "haMtAgoyamA / " -bhagavatI 12. 5. 452 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jina praznoM ko bhagavAn buddhane nirarthaka batAyA hai unhIM praznoMse bhagavAn mahAvIrane AdhyAtmika jIvanakA prAraMbha mAnA hai| ataeva una praznoM ko bha0 mahAvIrane bha0 buddha kI taraha avyAkRta koTimeM na rakhakara vyAkRta hI kiyA hai| ___itanI sAmAnya carcAke bAda aba AtmAke nityAnityatAke prastuta prazna para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai: 1. "atthi siddhI asiddhI vA evaM sannaM nivasae"-sUtrakRtAMga 2. 5. 25

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( 29 ) bhagavAn buddha kA kahanA hai ki tathAgata maraNAnantara hotA hai yA nahIM? aisA prazna anyatIthikoM ko ajJAnake kAraNa hotA hai| unheM rUpAvikA ajJAna hai ataeva ve aisA prazta karate haiN| ve rUpAdi ko AtmA samajhate haiM yA AtmA ko rUpAdiyukta samajhate haiM yA AtmAmeM rUpAvi ko samajhate haiM yA rUpameM AtmA ko samajhate haiM jaba ki tathAgata vaisA nahIM smjhte| ataeva tathAgata ko vaise prazna bhI nahIM uThate aura dUsaroM ke aise praznako ve avyAkRta batAte haiM / maraNAnantara rUpa, vedanA Adi prahINa ho jAtA hai ataeva aba prajJApanAke sAdhana rUpAdike na honese tathAgatake liye "hai" yA "nahIM hai" aisA vyavahAra kiyA nahIM jA sktaa| ataeva maraNAnantara tathAgata 'hai' yA 'nahIM hai' ityAdi praznoMko maiM avyAkRta batAtA huuN| __hama pahale batalA Aye haiM ki isa praznake uttara meM bha0 buddhako zAzvatavAda yA ucchedavAdameM par3a jAnekA Dara thA isIliye unhoMne isa prazna ko avyAkRta koTimeM rakhA hai / jaba ki bha0 mahAvIrane donoM vAdoM kA samanvaya spaSTarUpase kiyA hai| ataeva unheM isa prazna ko avyAkRta kahane kI AvazyakatA hI nhiiN| unhoMne jo vyAkaraNa kiyA hai usakI carcA nIce kI jAtI hai-- bha0 mahAvIrane jIvako apekSAbhedase zAzvata aura azAzvata kahA hai| isakI spaSTatAke lie nimna saMvAda paryApta hai: "jIvA NaM bhaMte? kiM sAsayA asAsayA ? goyamA ! jIvA siya sAsayA siya asaasyaa| goyamA! davaTTayAe sAsayA, bhAvaTThayAe asaasyaa|"-bhg0 7. 2. 273 spaSTa hai ki dravyAthika arthAt dravyako apekSAse jIva nitya hai aura bhAva arthAt paryAyakI dRSTise jIva anitya hai| aisA mantavya bha0mahAvIrakA hai| isameM zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda donoMke samanvayakA prayatna hai| cetana-jIvadravya ko prazraya diyA hai aura jIvakI nAnA avasthAe~ jo spaSTarUpase vicchinna hotI huI dekhI jAtI haiM unakI apekSAse ucchedavAdako bhI prazraya diyA hai| unhoMne isa bAtakA spaSTa rUpase svIkAra kiyA hai ki ye avasthAe~ asthira haiM isI liye unakA parivartana hotA hai kintu cetanadravya zAzvata-sthira ha / jIvagata bAlatva - 1. saMyuttanikAya XXXIII 2. saMyutta nikAya XLIV 8 3. saMyuttanikAya XLIV.

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( 30 ) pANDityAdi asthira dhokA parivartana hogA jaba ki jIvadravya to zAzvata hI rhegaa| "se naNaM bhaMte ! athire paloTTaDa, no thire paloTTai, athire bhajjai no thire bhajjai, sAsae bAlae bAliyattaM asAsayaM, sAsae paMDie paMDiyattaM asAsayaM ?" haMtA goyamA ! athire paloTTai jAva paMDiyataM asaasyN|"-bhgvtii 1. 9.80 dravyAthika nayakA dUsarA nAma avyucchittinaya hai aura bhAvAthika nayakA dUsarA nAma vyucchittinaya hai / isase bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki dravya avicchinnadhruva-zAzvata hotA hai aura paryAyakA viccheda-nAza hotA hai ataeva vaha adhruva -anitya-azAzvata hai / jIva aura usake paryAyakA arthAt dravya aura paryAyakA paraspara abheda aura bheda bhI iSTa hai isIliye jIva dravyako jaise zAzvata aura azAzvata batAyA isI prakAra jIvake nAraka, vaimAnika Adi vibhinna paryAyoMko bhI zAzvata aura azAzvata batAyA hai| jaise jIvako dravyako apekSAse arthAt jIvadravyako apekSAse nitya kahA vaise hI nArakako bhI jIvadravyakI apekSAse nitya kahA hai aura jaise jIvadravyako nArakAdi paryAya kI apekSAse anitya kahA hai vaise hI nAraka jIva ko bhI nArakatvarUpa paryAyakI apekSAse anitya kahA hai| "neraiyA NaM bhaMte ki sAsayA asAsayA ?" "goyamA! siya sAsayA siya asaasyaa|" "se keNaTheNaM bhaMte ! evaM vuccai ?" "goyamA ! avvocchittiNayaTThAe sAsayA bocchittiNayaTThAe asaasyaa| evaM jAva vemaanniyaa| -bhagavatI-7. 3. 279 jamAlIke sAtha hue praznottaroMmeM bhagavAnne jIvako zAzvatatA aura azAzvatatAke mantavyakA jo spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai usase nityatAse unakA kyA matalaba hai va anityatAse kyA matalaba ? yaha bilakula spaSTa ho jAtA hai: sAsae jIve jamAlI ! jaM na kayAi NAsI No kayAvi na bhavati Na kayAviNa bhavissai, bhuvi ca bhavai ya bhavissai ya, dhuve Nitie sAsae akkhae avvae avar3hie Nicce asAsae jIve jamAlI ! janna neraie bhavitA tirikkhajogie bhavai tirikkhajogie bhavittA magusse bhavai maNusse bhavitA deve bhavai / " -bhagavatI 9. 6. 387-1. 4. 42

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( 31 ) tInoM kAlameM aisA koI samaya nahIM jaba ki jIva na ho| isIlie jIva zAzvata-dhruva-nitya kahA jAtA hai kintu jIva nAraka miTakara tiryaJca hotA hai aura tiryaca miTakara manuSya hotA hai / isa prakAra jIva kramazaH nAnA avasthAoM ko prApta karatA hai ataeva una avasthAoM kI apekSAse jIva anitya azAzvata adhruva hai arthAt avasthAoMke nAnA hote rahane para bhI jIvatva kabhI lupta nahIM hotA para jIvako avasthAeM lupta hotI rahatI haiM isIlie jIva zAzvata aura azAzvata hai| isa vyAkaraNameM upaniSadaRSi-sammata AtmA ko nityatA aura bhautikavAdI sammata AtmA kI anityatAke samanvaya kA saphala prayatna hai arthAt bhagavAn buddha ke azAzvatAnucchedavAdake sthAnameM zAzvatocchedavAda kI spaSTarUpase pratiSThA kI gaI hai| jIva kI sAntatA-anantatA jaise lokakI sAntatA aura nirantatAke praznako bha0 buddhane avyAkRta batAyA hai vaise jIvakI sAntatA-nirantatAke praznake viSayameM unakA mantavya spaSTa nahIM hai| yadi kAlakI apekSAse sAntatA-nirantatA vicAraNIya ho taba to unakA avyAkRta mata pUrvokta vivaraNase spaSTa ho jAtA hai parantu dravyako dRSTise yA dezakI-kSetra kI dRSTise yA paryAya avasthAkI dRSTise jIvako sAntatA-nirantatAke viSaya meM unake vicAra jAnanekA koI sAdhana nahIM hai / jaba ki bhagavAna mahAvIrane jIvakI sAntatA-nirantatAkA bhI vicAra spaSTa rUpase kiyA hai kyoM ki unake matase jIva eka svatantra tattva rUpase siddha hai isIse kAlakRta nityAnityatAko taraha, dravya-kSetra kAla-bhAvako apekSAse usakI sAntatA-anantatA bhI unako abhimata hai| skaMdaka parivAjakakA manogata prazna jIvakI sAntatA-anantatAke viSayameM thaa| usakA nirAkaraNa bhagavAna mahAvIrane ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai___"je vi ya khaMdayA! jAva saante zrIve aNante jIve tassa vi ya gaM eyamaTheevaM khalu jAva davvao NaM ege jove saante, khetao NaM jIve asaMkhejja paesie asaMkhejjapaesogADhe asthi puNa se ante, kAlaoNaM jIve na kayA vina Asi jAva nicce natthi puNa se aMte, bhAvao NaM jIve aNaMtA vesaNapajjavA aNaMtA NANapajjavA aNaMtA agurulahuyapajjavA natthi puNa se ante / " -bhagavatI 2. 1. 90 sArAMza yaha hai ki eka jIva-vyakti dravyase sAnta kSetrase sAnta

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kAlase ananta aura bhAvase ananta hai| isa prakAra jIva sAnta bhI hai aura ananta bhii| aisA bhagavAn mahAvIrakA mantavya hai / isameM kAlakI dRSTise aura paryAyoM kI apekSAse usakA koI anta nhiiN| kintu vaha dravya aura kSetra kI apekSAse sAnta hai aisA kaha karake bhagavAn mahAvIrane AtmAke "aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn" isa upaniSad matakA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| kSetrakI dRSTise "AtmAkI vyApakatA" yaha bhagavAnakA mantavya nhiiN| aura eka Atma-dravya hI saba kucha hai, yaha bhI bhagavAn mahAvIrako mAnya nahIM kintu Atma-dravya svaparyApta hai aura usakA kSetra bhI maryAdita hai, isa bAtako svIkAra karake unhoMne use sAnta kahate hue bhI kAlako dRSTi se ananta bhI kahA hai / eka dUsarI dRSTise bhI unhoMne use ananta kahA hai- jIvake jJAna-paryAyoMkA koI anta nahIM, usake darzana aura cAritra paryAyoMkA bhI koI anta nahIM, kyoM ki pratyeka kSaNameM ina paryAyoMkA nayA-nayA AvirbhAva hotA rahatA hai aura pUrva paryAya naSTa hote rahate haiM / isa bhAva-paryAya dRSTi se bhI jIva ananta hai| buddha kA anekAntavAda isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhagavAn buddha ke sabhI avyAkRta praznoMkA vyAkaraNa bha0 mahAvIrane spaSTarUpase vidhimArgakA svIkAra karake kiyA hai aura ane. kAntavAdakI pratiSThA kI hai| isakA mUla AdhAra yahI hai ki eka hI vyaktimeM apekSAke bhedase aneka saMbhAvita virodhI dharmoMkI ghaTanA krnaa| manuSya-svabhAva samanvayazIla to hai hI kintu sarvadA kaI kAraNoM se usa svabhAvakA AvirbhAva ThIka rUpase ho nahIM pAtA, isI lie samanvayake sthAnameM dArzanikoMmeM vivAda dekhA jAtA hai aura jahA~ dUsaroMko spaSTa rUpase samanvayakI saMbhAvanA dIkhatI hai vaha bhI apane pUrvagrahoMke kAraNa dArzanikoMko virodhakI gaMdha AtI hai / bhagavAn buddha ko ukta praznoMkA uttara avyAkRta denA pdd'aa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unako AdhyAtmika unnati meM ina jaTila praznoMkI carcA nirarthaka pratIta huI ataeva ina praznoMko sulajhAnekA unhoMne koI vyavasthita prayatna nahIM kiyA kintu isakA matalaba yaha kabhI nahIM ki unake svabhAvameM samanvayakA tattva bilakula nahIM thaa| unakI samanvayazIlatA siMha senApatike sAtha hue saMvAdase spaSTa hai| bhagavAn buddhako anAtmavAdI honeke kAraNa kucha loga akriyAvAdI kahate the, ataeva siMha

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senApatine bha0 base puchA ki Apako kucha loga akriyAvAdI kahate haiM to kyA yaha ThIka hai ? isake uttarameM unhoMne jo kucha kahA usImeM unakI samanvayazIlatA aura anekAntavAditA spaSTa hotI hai| uttarameM unhoMne kahA ki saca hai, maiM akuzala saMskArakI akriyAkA upadeza detA hUM isalie maiM akriyAvAdI hU~ aura kuzalasaMskArako kriyA mujhe pasanda hai aura meM usakA upadeza detA hUM, isIlie mai biyAvAdI bhI I / " isI samanvazva-prakRtikA pradarzana anyatra dArzanika kSetra meM bhI yadi bha0 baddha ne kiyA hotA to unako pratibhA aura mAne dArzanikoM ke sAmane eka nayA mArga upasthita kimA hotaa| kintu maha kArya meM mahAbora kI zAnsa aura sthira prakRti se hI hone vAlA thA isalie bha0 buddhane Arya catuHsatyake upadezane hI kRtakRtyatrA kA anubhava kiyA taba bhagavAna mahAvIrale jo buddhale na ho sakA usa karake dikhAyA aura ve anekAnta vAmake prazAsaka hue / _aba taka mukhyarUpale bhagavAna baddhake avyAkRta praznoMko lekara jainAgamAzrita anekAntavAdako carcA kI gaI hai| Age anya praznoM ke sambasva anekAntavAdake vistArako carcA karanA iSTa hai parantu isa vasaIke prArambha karaneke pahale pUrvokta* "karma svayaM kRta hai yA nahIM " ityAdi praznakA samAdhAna bha0 mahAyo rane kyA kiyA hai use dekha lenA ucita hai|bh buddhane to apanI prakRti ke anusAra una sabhI praznoMkA uttara gidhadhAtmaka diyA hai kyoMki aisA na kahate to unako ucchedabAda aura zAzvatavAdakI ApattikA bhaya thaa|kintu bhagavAna kA mArga to zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda ke samanvayakA mArga hai ataeva una praznoM kA samAdhAna vidhirUpale karane meM unako koI bhaya nahIM thaa| unase prazna kiyA gayA ki dayA karmakA kartA svayaM hai, anya hai yA ubhaya hai? isake uttarale bhagavAna mahAvIrane kahA ki karmakA kartA AtmA svayaM hai, para nahIM hai aura na svaparobhaya / jisane kabhaM kiyA hai vahI usakA bhoktA hai aisA mAnanemeM aikAntika zAzvatavAdakI Apatti bha0 mahAvIrake matameM nahIM AtI kyoM ki jisa avasthAmeM kiyA thA usase dUsarI hI avasthA meM karmakA phala bhogA jAtA hai tathA bhoktRtva avasthAse karmakartRtva avasthAkA bheda hone para bhI aikAntika ucchedavAdako Apatti isa liye nahIM AtI ki bheda hote hue bhI jIva-dravya donoM avasthAmeM eka hI maujUda hai| * dekhie paSTha 24 1. vinaya piTaka mahAvagga VI.31 2. aMguttara nikAya Part IV P. 170 3. bhagavatI 1. 6. 53.

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'SANMATI PUBLICATIONS World Problems and Jain Ethics by Dr. Beni Prasad Price 6 Ans. 1. jaina dArzanika sAhitya ke vikAsa kI rUparekhA (aprApya) le0-pro0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA malya cAra Ane 2. Jainism in Indian History (aprApya) ___by Dr. Bool Chand Price 4 Ans. 3. vizva-samasyA aura vrata-vicAra le0-DaoN0 benIprasAda mUlya cAra Ane 4. Constitution Price 4 Ans. 5. ahiMsA kI sAdhanA le0--zrI kAkA kAlelakara mUlya cAra Ane 6. paricayapatra aura vArSika kAryavivaraNa mUlya cAra Ane 7. Jainism in Kalingadesa ___by Dr. Bool Chand Price 4 Ans. 8. bhagavAn mahAvIra le0-zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA mUlya cAra Ane 9. Mantra Shastra and Jainism Price 4 Ans. by Dr. A. S. Altekar 10. jaina-saMskRti kA hRdaya mUlya cAra Ane le0-50 sukhalAlajI saMghavI 11. bha0 mahAvIrakA jIvana- eka aitihAsika dRSTipAta ] " " le0-paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI 12. jaina tattvajJAna, jainadharma aura nItivAda le0-50 sukhalAlajI tathA DaoN0 rAjabali pANDeya IN THE PRESS Lord MAHAVIRA : His Life and Work ___by Dr. Bool Chand Noble Teachings of Lord Mahavira by Dalsukh Malvania and Shantilal Sheth IN PREPARATION S'ramanic Culture by Dr. Bool Chand nirgrantha-paramparA Spread of Jainism in India by Dr. R. S. Tripathi | le0-paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI Morality and Religion in syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI Jainism By Nathmal Tatia M.A. le-zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA Write to : The Secretary, JAIN CULTURAL RESEARCH SOCIETY BENARES HINDU UNIVERSITY banArasa hindU yanivarsiTI presa, bnaars|