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A SOURCB-BOOK IN JAÍNA PHILOSOPHY
stood should be brought within the scope of rules." Russell's analysis shows that science can be understood from two angles--one is with reference to its methodology, and the other with reference to the subject-matter.
The methodological approaches of science and Darsana stand on different footings. While science uses empirical tools of observation and experimentation, darśana adopis the transcendental modes of meditation and vision.
Science studies the universe in its various aspects. It is therefore analytic. Each science studies a particular aspect of life. For instance, Biology studies life, Physics studies matter, wbie Psychology studies the mind. Each science has its own limited field of experience as its subject matter. The physical sciences study the physical matter and its modifications. Biological Sciences study life and its expressions. Behavioural Sciences like Psychology study mind and its states. The fundamental approach of all these sciences is empirical in nature. But darśana uses the synthetic method in which reason and intuition are synthesised and harmonised, in order to present a comprehensive picture of reality.
4.3 DARSANA AND RELIGION We have earlier noted that Darśana is one of the most character. istic and fundamental thoughts of Indian philosophy-the meditative and mystical attitude of mind towards an idealistic conception of the universe. Manu, the famous Hindu Law-giver, gives a clear perception of the notion of darsana thus : “He who is possessed of true insight
(darśanasampanna) is not bound by deeds, But the man destitute of insight (darśanenayihina) is
involved in the cycle of existence.” f. H. Bradley observes ; “Religion is rather the attempt to express the complete reality of goodness through every aspect of our being.” It is also contended by philosophers that religion is 'natural' because the ultimate realities must be a 'natural part of the universe of which man becomes conscious. Religion enables every man what he is, and helps him to say, 'Here is reality': As Stanley Cook
1 Manusmrti; VI. 74.
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