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Some Aspects of Indian Culture on Gunabhadra's Uttarapurana material as much as it was necessary. Moreover, five of the intervening parables which are there in Vira's Jambusamicariu are nowhere to be found except in Guhapala's Jambucariyam. This leads us to the only probable conclusion that Gupapala seems to have come into possession of these five parables from the commentarial literature on the Ardhamăgadhi cannon or perhaps from oral transmission of the literary traditions. Be that as it may, we do not know about any other previous scurce from which they would have come down to Gunapala. This is all the more supported by the perusal of all the parables found in all the works of Jambu in all the languages. It is a unique phenomenon confined to Gunapala's Jaribucariyad only. In conclusion, we are in a position to state from the previous discussion that the upper limit of the date of composition of Gunapala's Jambucariyam should be 1076 of the Vikram Samvat which is the date of composition of Vira's Jambusamicariu.
Let me also note that the biographical notices of Jambu are also found in the 100th Sandhi of the Uttarakhanda of the Mahapurana of Mahakavi Puspadanta titled Jambusamidikkhavagnana, besides the works of the earlier writers mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, though Puspandan'a, it is clear, had for his model, the 76th Parva of Gunabhadra's Uttarapurapa.
In point of time, Vira's Jaribusämicariu so far as the story of Jambu is concerned, comes after Vasudavahiods, Uttarapurapa and Jambucariyam. In Digambara literature there are two more works of the two authors, Jinadasa and Rājamalla who have written Jambusvamicaritra in Sanskrit verse based on Vira's Jambusamicariu. They are, no doubt, excellent treatises standing on their own merits but more or less they are Sanskrit renderings of Vira's said work. There are many more in vernacular lang. uages also.
In the literature of the Svetambara Jains, the traditional transmission of the story. of Jambu has continued non-stop. It has found concrete form in four principal works. namely, Bhadresvara's Prakrit Kathavalı (the 1st half of the 12th century V.S.), Nemicandrasari's Prakrit Akhyanakamanikoja (1229 V.S. only two intervening stories, that of Prasannacandra and of Nupurapandita is found); Hemceandra's Sanskrit Pariistaparvan (1229 V S.) and Udayaprabha's Dharmabhyudaya Maha-Kavya in Sanskrit (1279-1290 V.S.) etc.
Notes
1 Doctor Hiralal Jain Bharatiya Samskritimen Jaina-Dharmka Yogadāna, pp. 25-56; Pandit Kailasachandraji: Jaina Sahitaya Aur Itihasa Pūrva-pițhikā, pp. 287-330.
2 According to Digambara tradition 62, years (12+12+38).
3 See his Tiloyapannatti' (Jivaraj Jain Granthmälä Sholapur, nos. 1 and 2. [V.S. 2000, 2007).
4 See his "Dhavala" commentary.
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