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Uvāsagadasā
130
Uvāsagadasă (Upāsakadaļā) Seventh of the twelve Amga(3) texts. It consists of ten chapters dealing with the lives of the following ten principal upāsakas (lay-votaries) of Mahāvīra: Anamda(11), Kamadeva(1), Cülanipiya(1), Surādeva(3), Cullasayaa(1), Kumďakolia(2), Saddālaputta(2), Mahāsayaa(1), Ņamdiņipiya(2), and Salihīpiya(1). The first chapter gives, in minute details, the vows to be observed by a lay-votary. 1. Nan. 45, Pak. p. 46, Sam. 136.
NanH. p. 82, AvaCu. I. pp. 246, 2. Upa. 2, Sth. 755, Sam. 142, Nan.
248, 453, 513. 52, NanCu. p. 67, NanM. p. 232,
1. Usabha (Rsabha) Son of King Năbhi and his queen Marudevi of Kosalā or Ikkhāgabhūmi. He is regarded as the first Titthayara of the current Osappiņi.? He belonged to the Kāsava(1) lineage and had five names : Usabha, First King, First Mendicant, First Omniscient and First Titthayara. His height was five hundred dhanusas. The colour of his skin was like heated gold. He had two wives : Suņamdā(2) and Sumamgalā. Bharaha(1), Bāhubali etc. were his one hundred sons. Bambhi(1) and Sumdari(1) were his daughters.? He lived two million pūrva years as a prince and six million and three lakh pūrva years as a king. During his reign he taught for the benefit of the people seventy-two sciences (of which writing is the first, arithmetic is the most important and the knowledge of omens is the last), sixty-four accomplishments of women, one hundred arts and three occupations of men. Anointing his hundred sons as kings and giving each a kingdom he along with four thousand royal persons renounced the world and entered the state of monkhood. He used Sudamsanā(7) palanquin on that occasion. He received his first alms from Sejjamsa(3).” He wandered in the countries like Adamba, Bahali, Illā, Jonaga and Suvannabhūmi.10 He attained omniscience in the Sagadamuha park outside the town of Purimatāla.11 The sacred tree associated with him is nyagrodha.12 He had grown hair on his head unlike other Titthayaras.13 He had his first disciples as Usabhaseņa(1) and Bambhi(1).14 He had under him eighty-four groups of ascetics (gaņas), eighty-four Ganaharas (group-leaders), eighty-four thousand monks with Usabhasena(1) at their head, three lakh nuns with Bambhi(1) and Sumdari(1) as heads, three lakh and five thousand lay-votaries (men) with Sejjamsa(3) at their head and five lakh and fifty-four thousand female lay-votaries with Subhaddā(9) at their head.15 Usabha lived one thousand years in a state inferior to perfection and one lakh pūrva less one thousand years as an omniscient. Thus he lived eight million and four lakh pūrva years on the whole. He attained liberation on the summit of mount Atthăvaya in the company of ten thousand monks.16 In some of his previous births Usabha was Dhana(4), Mahabba la(3), Laliyamga, Vairajamgha(1), Kesava(2) and Vairaņābha.17 According to śāntisūri, the Brahmānda-Purāņa
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