Nyayavatara and Nayakarnika

Author(s): Siddhasena Divakar, Vinayvijay, A N Upadhye
Publisher: Jain Sahitya Vikas Mandal

Page 98

Siddhasena and his Works
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logy differs from that of Gautama. Some of the doctrines etc. are defined and the arena of dialectics is indicated. How one earns strength in a debate and what are the weaknesses of discussion are indicated.
The Dvā No. 13 called Sāmkhyaprabodha aims to give a description of the Sāmkhya system which has its own history. Siddhasena adopts the definition of Pratyakşa and Anumāna from Vārşaganya. Here only some aspects of Sāmkhya system are dealt with and the text is often corrupt. Siddhasena has perhaps Kapila in view whom he calls a Rşi. He also refers to Āsuri and Vyāsa. The evoluent and the evolution are narrated. The pramānas are defined. The nature of spirit is indicated. Evolutions etc. are described. Functions of the sense are expounded. And what are Siddhis, Tustis and Bhūtasargas are discussed. Siddhasena does not follow any definite source and his exposition of the Sāņkhya is original.
The Dyā No. 14 is named as Vaiseșika Dvātrimsikā. The Vaiseșika system has its own history. Like the Kaņāda's Sūtras this text also agrees with the discussion of Dharma. The categories, Pramānas etc. are enumerated. The atomic theory is discussed. The creation of the bodies, time and space, mind, different dimensions, origination of sound, the nature of existence, the idea of nescience are all discussed.
The Dvā No. 15 deals with Santānavāda of Buddhists. It is very dificult to ascertain Siddhasena's sources. The ideas about Pudgala, Pratītya Samutpāda, Padārtha, as in Buddhism, are discussed. There follows an exposition of Bhāvanā, Hetupratyaya, Nirvāṇa etc.
The Dvā No. 16 is named Niyati Dvātrimsikā. Niyati was considered as one of the first six causes even in the Upanişadic age. The Ajivika leader Gośāla was an exponent of it. Some questions about Niyati are enumerated. This Niyativāda is sometimes considered as an offshoot of Jainism and sometimes identified with Digambaras, The Bhagavatīsūtra gives some details about it. According to the Niyativāda the creator is rejected and the effort is denied. The transmigration of a soul is due to predestination etc. according to Gośāla. The ideas about dreams, gods and inferences etc. are discussed.