Nyayavatara and Nayakarnika

Author(s): Siddhasena Divakar, Vinayvijay, A N Upadhye
Publisher: Jain Sahitya Vikas Mandal

Page 125

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Nyāyāvatāra: 21.
mon link of the fire and smoke, to reassure the inseparable connection between them (the fire and smoke).
Some logicians [such as Vasubandhu] hold that that which is to be proved, that is, the "proven" or the major term (sādhya), can be established by the internal inseparable connection (antar-vyāpti) alone, so the pointing out of the external inseparable connection (bahir-vyāpti) is superfluous. It is useless even when there is no internal inseparable connection. In the case of the internal inseparable connection being existent external inseparable connection is superfluous, and in the case of the former being non-existent the latter is useless.
प्रतिपाद्यस्य यः सिद्धः पक्षाभासोऽस्ति लिङ्गतः । लोकस्ववचनाभ्यां च बाधितोऽनेकधा मतः ।। २१ ।।
21. If that of which the major term or predicate (sadhya) is affirmed is opposed by evidence (linga), the public understanding, one's own statement, etc., we have that which is known as the fallacy of the minor term or thesis (pakṣābhāsa), of which there are many varieties.
The semblance or fallacy of the minor term or thesis (pakṣābhāsa) arises when one predicates of the minor term (pakṣa) that which is yet to be proved to the opponent, or which is incapable of being proved, or when it is opposed to perception and inference, or inconsistent with the public understanding or incongruous with one's own statement, thus:
1) "The jar is corporeal (paudgalika)”—this is a conclusion which is yet to be proved to the opponent.
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