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A.IV.27.2
Those living beings that have wicked mind body and speech, have desire or food, are ignorant and have more sinful dispositions are called subhuman / animals.
Q.IV.27.3 A.IV.27.3
In which regions are sub-humans found? They pervade the entire cosmos / loka.
Q.IV.27.4 A.IV.27.4
How many types of subhuman beings are there? They are of two types namely: gross and subtle.
Q.IV.27.5 A.IV.27.5
Who are subhuman beings? All living beings, except the celestial and infernal beings with birth by descent in special beds and human beings, are termed as subhuman beings.
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VFk%
fLFkfrjl j &ukx&l .k& }hi & køkk, kka Tkxjki e&f=i Y; ki ek) Rghuferk% IV.28 Sthitirasura-n ga-suparna-dv pa- es n m
s garopama-tripalyopam rddha-h namit h vi gdekj] ukxdekj] 1. kdekj] }hi dekj vkS] 'kSK Hkouokfl; ka dh mrd"V&fLFkfr Øe is, d&l kxjki el rhu&i Y; ki e <kb&i Y; ki el nk&i Y; ki e vky Ms&i Y; ki e gksh gå The maximum lifespan of fiendish, serpentine, vulturine, island and the rest of the residential gods are one ocean-measured-period (s gara), three pit-measured-periods (palya), two and a half pit-measured-periods, two pit-measured-periods, and one and a half pit-measured-periods.
Meaning:
Q.IV.28.1 A.IV.28.1
What is the maximum lifespan of fiendish residential gods? It is one ocean-measured-period.
Q.IV.28.2 A.IV.28.2
What is the implication of more in the aphorism and how much is it? It implies that the lifespan of degraded (ghātāyuşka) celestial beings is half ocean-measured-period more than other celestial beings.
Q.IV.28.3 A.IV.28.3
Who are degraded (ghātāyuska) celestial beings? Those living beings with right belief that because of their observing severe austerities have earned a longer lifespan as celestial beings but due to their increased passions later have reduced this lifespan by half ocean-measured-period are called ghātāyuska celestial beings.
Q.IV.28.4
Up to what level of heaven is the implication of more (adhikat ) applicable? It is applicable up to Sahasr ra Kalpa.
A.IV.28.4
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I køkeskku; K% 1 kxjki es vf/kds IV.29 Saudharmai nayoh s garopame adhike
VFK%
IkSkel vkj , śkku dYi ka ea nks I kxj ki eka I s dN vf/kd mid"V flfkfr gå
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