________________
Q.V.1.9
The sub-atom (param nu), being without space-points or with one space point, is included as existent body. Why? (Actually is the smallest indivisible part of a mater which is extremely smaller than sub-atom but the word sub-atom is used here for convenience only to denote param nu. How many space-points does space have? As sub-atom (param nu) has dry and oily attributes and hence has potential to be with many space-points, it is included as existent body.
A.V.1.9
Q.V.1.10 A.V.1.10
How many types of substances are not with many space-points? Time is the only substance type which is not with many space-points.
Q.V.1.11
A.V.1.11
On what peculiarities are the names of substances like medium of motion etc clubbed together as non living bodies? All bodies which are devoid of consciousness (soul) are clubbed together as aj va (non living beings). Thus it is the general attribute of all non living substances. The particular attributes of non living beings like support motion (for medium of motion), support rest (for medium of rest), provides space (for space) and have form (to include touch, taste, smell and colour) for matter are used.
nD;kf.k V.2
Dravy ni
VFk% Meaning:
is/kel v/kel vkdkk vkş iqxy ‘nb;' gå These (four) are substances (dravyas).
Q.V.2.1 A.V.2.1
Explain the composition of the word dravya and its meaning? The word dravya is formed by the verb dru which means to attain or to acquire.
Q.V.2.2 A.V.2.2
What is a substance (dravya)? An entity which attains its modes and qualities attributes without loosing its nature is called substance.
Q.V.2.3 A.V.2.3
Is there distinction or no distinction between attribute and substance? Substance and attributes cannot be found independent of each other and so are non distinct. However by name, characteristic marks, and usefulness; they are distinct.
thok'p V.3
Ју са
VFk% Meaning:
tho Hkh nh; The souls are also (substances).
Q.V.3.1 A.V.3.1
What is the meaning of the aphorism j v ca? It means that soul /j va is also a type of substance.
171
