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Q.V.24.2 A.V.24.2
What is meant by sound ( abda)? The transformation of bh s vargan s (matter particles capable of transforming into sound) as a result of colliding with matter, into sound is called sound.
Q.V.24.3 A.V.24.3
How many types of sound are there? Sound is of two types namely; one which partakes of the nature of languages (bhāṣātmaka) and the other type which does not.
Q.V.24.4 A.V.24.4
How many types of bhāṣātmaka sound are there? It is of two types namely; expressed (akşara) and not expressed (anaksara).
Q.V.24.5 A.V.24.5
What is expressed sound? The language used to write the scriptures or the medium of communication between both civilized and novice persons to understand each other and interact are called expressed sound, e.g. Pr k ta, Samsk ta etc.
Q.V.24.6 A.V.24.6
What is unexpressed sound? The sound created by living beings with two or more senses without alphabets / language to understand each other is called unexpressed sound.
Q.V.24.7 A.V.24.7
How many types of unexpressed sound are there? There are two types namely contrived (pr yogika) and natural (vaisrasika).
Q.V.24.8 A.V.24.8
What is natural sound? What is the meaning of vaistrasika? The sound created by clouds and so on is called natural sounds. The meaning of vaisrasika is natural.
Q.V.24.9 A.V.24.9
How many types of contrived (pr yogika) sound are there? It is of four types namely tata, vitata, ghana and susira.
Q.V.24.10 A.V.24.10
What is the meaning of tata sound? It is the sound produced from musical instruments covered with a diaphram, namely the tabal , the drum (dholaka), the kettle drum, etc.
Q.V.24.11 A.V.24.11
What is the meaning of vitata sound? It is the sound produced by stringed musical instruments e.g. violin, v n
etc.
Q.V.24.12 A.V.24.12
What is ghana sound? Sound produced by metallic musical instruments e.g. bell in the temples, cymbals etc.
Q.V.24.13 A.V.24.13
What is susira sound? The sound produced by wind musical instruments e.g. flute, the conch etc.
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