________________
A.V.37.3
Sub-atoms having two degrees of oily are transformable with another sub-atom having four degrees of oily. For others please refer to aphorism 36 above.
Q.V.37.4 A.V.37.4
What happens if sub-atom having two more degrees of an attribute? It will not form a union like the threads will stay as threads and not become cloth.
xqk&lk; 1 on-nd; e- V.38 Guna-pary yavat dravyam
VFk% Meaning:
xqk vkg i; K2 okyk 'nD; 'gA That which has qualities and modes is a substance.
Q.V.38.1 A.V.38.1
What is the characteristic of a substance? The characteristic of a substance is that it is with attributes/ qualities (guna) and modes (pary ya).
Q.V.38.2 A.V.38.2
What is meant by an attribute? That which distinguishes one substance from all others is called attribute / quality.
Q.V.38.3 A.V.38.3
How many attributes and modes does the substance have? Every substance has infinite attributes and infinite modes.
Q.V.38.4 A.V.38.4
How do the attributes differentiate one substance from another? Every substance has one distinguishing and unique primary attribute which distinguishes it from others e.g. consciousness is the attribute of living beings and this attribute does not exist in the other five types of substances.
Q.V.38.5 A.V.38.5
What is another characteristic of attribute? An entity which is the cause of similarity between different entities belongs to the same class / substance type. For example consciousness in all living beings; touch, taste, smell and colour in all types of matter etc. Another definition of attribute is an entity which is coexistent in all parts, forms and states of a substance.
Q.V.38.6 A.V.38.6
What is meant by mode? Modification or special activity of attributes and substances are called modes. Modes are different and separate from each other.
Q.V.38.7 A.V.38.7
What is another characteristic of modes? The state which remains same in a substance always is called attribute and the state which keep on changing continually and helps it to create its identity is called mode.
Q.V.38.8
What happens if the substances are accepted as without attributes?
202
