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Mathavasi Bhattaraka tradition. Though, this tradition contributed greatly in preserving Jaina religion and Jainology. It also made an important contribution to the field of social service. In the field of medicine the contribution of Jaina Yatis has been very significant. But at the other end they got deviated from the essence of monastic life because of their indulgence in comforts of life and accumulation of possessions.
The
resonant voices of revolution from Acārya Kundakunda of Digambaras in 6th century AD. Acārya Kundakunda mainly focused on spiritualistic aspect of religion in place of traditional religion. Though, in his Asta Pahuda and more specifically in Caritra Pāhuda and Linga Pāhuda etc., he raises his resentful voice against deterioration of conduct but his voice remained unheard, because even in the later period the Bhattaraka tradition continued to remain strong. Acārya Amrtacandra, the first commentator on Acārya Kundakunda made an effort to give a spiritualistic direction to Jaina sangha, which did an impact on Jaina society but Bhattaraka tradition remained unaffected and continued to enjoy the same social status and power. Similarly in the Svetambara tradition there were voices of dissent in the form of Suvihita Marga, Samvigna Marga against the Yati tradition, and then Tapa Gaccha, Kharatara Gaccha etc. came into existence. But none of them remained untouched by the influence of Yati tradition.
The opposition to Caityavāsa began from 8th century AD in the Svetambara tradition. Acarya Haribhadra in the second chapter of his 'Sambodha Prakarana' has severely criticized the slackness of conduct and the actions of Yatis living in Caityas and he spearheaded a revolution against them. But even Haribhadra's voice of revolution remained unheard because of the strong
107 Jainism and its History
