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Gateways of investigations (Anuyogadvāras) such as Substance (Dravya), space (Desa), time (Kala), mode (Bhava), name (Nama), symbol (Sthapana), potentiality (Dravya), actuality (Bhava) etc. He has synthesized the various opposite view-points. So it is clear that in the first phase, i.e. before c. 3rd A.D. Vibhajjavāda of Lord Mahāvīra was fully developed in the positive and synthesising theory of Anekāntavāda along with its subsidiary doctrines such as the doctrine of standpoint (Nayavāda) etc. Thus, along with the origination of Anekāntavāda, the doctrines of Naya, Niksepa and Anuyogadvāra came into existence.
The second phase of the development of Non absolutism / Anekāntavāda began with Siddhasena Divakara's Sanmatitarka (c. 4th A.D.), continue till the Haribhadra's works such as Saddarasa Samuccaya, Sastravarta Samuccaya (c, 8th A.D.) etc. This second phase has three main characteristics - firstly, apart from the Agamic Nayas, i.e., Dravyarthika (Substantial) and Paryatyarihika (Modal) or Niscaya (Ideal) and Vyavahara (practical view-point), the doctrine of Seven-fold Nayas, i.e. Naigama (considering both the general and particular properties of the thing), Sangraha (considering general properties of an object), Vyavahara (considering specific properties of an object), Ṛjusūtra (confined only to the present mode of an object), Sabda (treating with synonyms), Samabhi-rudha (taking into cosideration only etymological meaning of word. According to this Naya, even word has a different meaning) and Evambhuta Naya (denoting object in its actual state of performing its natural function) was developed. Though, the Āgamic Nayas remained in vogue till the Kundakunda's period (c. 6th A.D.).
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